WO2020015557A1 - 一种角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管及制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020015557A1
WO2020015557A1 PCT/CN2019/095284 CN2019095284W WO2020015557A1 WO 2020015557 A1 WO2020015557 A1 WO 2020015557A1 CN 2019095284 W CN2019095284 W CN 2019095284W WO 2020015557 A1 WO2020015557 A1 WO 2020015557A1
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Prior art keywords
steel pipe
rectangular steel
corner
square
corners
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PCT/CN2019/095284
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩静涛
徐海峰
王宇
Original Assignee
欣诺冷弯型钢产业研究院（曹妃甸）有限公司
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Priority to JP2021525351A priority Critical patent/JP7285320B2/ja
Priority to AU2019303619A priority patent/AU2019303619B2/en
Priority to EP19838605.4A priority patent/EP3825020A4/en
Publication of WO2020015557A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020015557A1/zh
Priority to US17/151,417 priority patent/US11618066B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/155—Making tubes with non circular section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B21B37/16—Control of thickness, width, diameter or other transverse dimensions
    • B21B37/24—Automatic variation of thickness according to a predetermined programme
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16S—CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN GENERAL; STRUCTURES BUILT-UP FROM SUCH ELEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • F16S3/00—Elongated members, e.g. profiled members; Assemblies thereof; Gratings or grilles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203—Cooling
    • B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D15/00—Corrugating tubes
    • B21D15/02—Corrugating tubes longitudinally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
    • B21D5/06—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves by drawing procedure making use of dies or forming-rollers, e.g. making profiles
    • B21D5/10—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves by drawing procedure making use of dies or forming-rollers, e.g. making profiles for making tubes
    • B21D5/12—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves by drawing procedure making use of dies or forming-rollers, e.g. making profiles for making tubes making use of forming-rollers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/42—Induction heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/52—Methods of heating with flames
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
    • C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/003—Rigid pipes with a rectangular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203—Cooling
    • B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B21B2045/0212—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using gaseous coolants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203—Cooling
    • B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
    • B21B2045/0227—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B2261/00—Product parameters
    • B21B2261/20—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2261/00—Machining or cutting being involved
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of metal material processing, and more particularly, to a rectangular rectangular steel pipe with thickened corners and cold-heat composite molding, and a preparation method thereof.
  • the rectangular tube is the carrier to promote the development of lightweight.
  • the rectangular tube in the steel structure relies on its own structural characteristics, which can reduce about 80% compared with the original brick-concrete structure.
  • the yield strength is high, the bending section modulus is large, the shear center and centroid coincide, the torsional performance is good, and the construction is fast; compared with other steels, such as H-shaped steel and round pipes, the square rectangular pipe has outstanding advantages in comprehensive performance.
  • the best steel structural pillar material Known as the best steel structural pillar material.
  • the rectangular tube used at the present stage uses the traditional cold-bending forming process, so the secondary work hardening effect will occur during the processing, especially in the corner of the rectangular tube, and the residual stress is very large.
  • the corner radius is large, and the thickness will be reduced.
  • the use of the rectangular tube has caused a lot of restrictions.
  • the traditional cold-formed rectangular tube cannot be used as the main material, and the large rounded corners also weaken the rectangular moment. Weldability of the tube.
  • the present invention proposes a rectangular steel pipe with a thickened corner and cold-heat composite molding, and a preparation method thereof.
  • the hot forming technology is introduced, that is, the local induction heating technology. High temperature can not only reduce the forming force of the material and improve the forming performance of the material; it can also eliminate the residual stress and possible cracking caused by work hardening, meanwhile, the corners of the rectangular steel tube subjected to cold and hot composite forming have a dense contour and an inner and outer corner radius It is small, the angle of the corner is close to 90 °, and the corner is thickened.
  • One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a rectangular steel pipe with a corner thickened by cold and heat composite molding.
  • the outer corner radius of the square rectangular steel pipe satisfies the following conditions:
  • t is the wall thickness of the rectangular steel pipe
  • R is the outer corner radius of the four corners of the rectangular steel pipe.
  • the corner wall thickness of the rectangular steel pipe is between 1.0t and 1.8t, and preferably between 1.0t and 1.2t.
  • the perimeter of the cross section of a single weld square steel pipe is 80mm-4800mm;
  • the straight wall thickness of a single welded square rectangular steel pipe is 6mm-70mm;
  • the perimeter of the cross section of the double-welded square rectangular steel pipe is 1600mm ⁇ 9600mm;
  • the thickness of the straight pipe of the double-welded square rectangular steel pipe is 20mm ⁇ 80mm.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a rectangular steel pipe with corner thickening and cold-heat composite molding.
  • Step (2) the heating temperature ranges from 750 ° C to 1100 ° C; and the heating time is not less than 15 seconds.
  • Step (3) heating the four corners of the rectangular steel pipe of the flame spray gun insulation system to ensure that the temperature of the rectangular steel pipe is constant during the thermal finishing stage to prevent its temperature from decreasing;
  • the temperature control range is 700 ⁇ 950 °C.
  • Step 3 For each adjacent two finishing forming units, the difference in roll diameter is 1 to 5 mm.
  • step (3) the number of finishing units is five.
  • the first, third, and fifth units are fixed, and the second and fourth units can rotate, and the rotation is achieved by the turbine worm device. .
  • step (3) the degree of change of the cross-sectional area of the square rectangular steel pipe after passing through each finishing forming unit ranges from 0 to 5%.
  • the method for preparing a rectangular thick steel tube with corner thickened cold-heat composite molding according to the present invention belongs to a secondary thermoforming process.
  • the thickness of the corner thickened square rectangular tube is not less than the thickness of the original sheet, and the thickness ranges from t Between -1.8t, there are no microcracks on the surface, the participating stress at the corners has basically disappeared, and the fillet radius is smaller than that of the traditional cold-formed rectangular rectangular tube.
  • the scale of production is : Perimeter 80mm-9600mm, wall thickness 6mm-80mm. Due to the disappearance of residual stress at the corners of the rectangular tube produced by this process, the ductility becomes stronger, the radius of the corners becomes smaller, and the increase in thickness results in a significant improvement in cross-sectional properties and improves its welding performance.
  • Feeding introduction system The pre-finished rectangular steel pipe is smoothly and symmetrically introduced into the subsequent production system through rolling;
  • Hot finishing rolling system The square rectangular steel pipes heated at the corners are successively entered into five finishing forming units, each of which is rolled through the four corners of the opposite rectangular steel pipe.
  • the flat plate area of the rectangular steel pipe is not subjected to forming treatment, and the effect of increasing the thickness of the four corners and reducing the radius of the four corners is achieved by this corner rolling method.
  • the difference between the roll diameters is 1 to 5mm; the square rectangular steel pipe generates thermal tension between the adjacent two units, eliminating the thermal finishing process. Redundant deformation in the process; the temperature is controlled at 700 ⁇ 950 °C at this stage.
  • the 1, 3, and 5 units are fixed to ensure the stability of the travel direction and forming direction of the rectangular tube during the forming process.
  • the 2 and 4 units can be rotated. Straighten and correct the redundant distortions such as distortion and warping in the production process in real time, eliminating various defects, which greatly improves the shape accuracy and performance quality of the rectangular tube products.
  • Water cooling system is used to control the cooling of the rectangular tube to ensure the strength performance of the finished rectangular steel pipe.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the secondary hot roll forming process produces a wider range of steel types, and the production of rectangular rectangular tubes has a larger scale, which has obvious technical advantages and a wide range of applications; compared with hot stamping
  • the forming process and the secondary hot roll bending forming process have high production efficiency, energy saving and consumption reduction, better product performance, and lower requirements for forming equipment.
  • the local corner heating technology can be used to heat the corners of the rectangular tube, eliminating the residual stress caused by work hardening in the process of cold bending, improving the performance of the corners without affecting the base material itself, and ensuring the integrity of the raw materials.
  • this process compared with the thermoforming production process, this process has a smaller heating area, induction heating, high production efficiency, environmental protection, and greatly reduced energy consumption and costs.
  • the invention introduces a thermal insulation system and a water cooling system, which can control rolling and cooling to maximize the material performance of the rectangular tube.
  • the thermal insulation system can ensure that the material is always maintained at a constant temperature during the secondary thermoforming process. It can control the cooling of the rectangular tube after forming, and improve the strength performance of the rectangular tube.
  • the rolls of the cold and hot composite forming and rolling unit of the present application are distributed at the four corners of the rectangular tube, and are directly rolled to the four outer corners of the rectangular tube, and the rolls at the four corners can be horizontally and longitudinally simultaneously. And the movement in the forming direction is applicable to the forming of rectangular tubes of different sizes.
  • the direct effect is that the size range of the rectangular tube can be greatly improved compared with the previous one, and the maximum can produce square rectangular steel tube with a perimeter of 9600mm and a wall thickness of 80mm.
  • the length of the rectangular tube produced by the existing equipment is so large that the rolls need to be large, which greatly limits the production of rectangular tubes of large size specifications.
  • a set of equipment can only produce products of one specification.
  • this patent is the roll forming of the corner of the rectangular tube, without the need to change the roll, it can use a set of equipment to produce products of all specifications, which greatly reduces the production cost.
  • the cold and hot composite forming and rolling unit of the present application has a total of 5 finishing units, of which the 1, 3, and 5 units are fixed to ensure the stability of the travel direction and forming direction of the rectangular tube during the forming process.
  • the second and fourth units can be rotated; the direct effect is to immediately straighten and correct redundant deformations such as distortion and warping during the production process, eliminating various defects, making the The shape accuracy and performance quality of rectangular tube products are greatly improved.
  • the corner shape of the rectangular tube can be changed to a greater extent, so that it is closer to a right angle, and the corner wall thickness is more obvious. This improves the cross-section performance of the rectangular tube.
  • the mechanical properties and welding properties have become better, and the range of wall thickness sizes that can be produced for rectangular pipes has also become larger.
  • each of the subsequent four finishing units has a thermal insulation device to ensure that the temperature of the rectangular tube is constant throughout the finishing process.
  • the direct effect is: The forming temperature of the rectangular tube is constant, and the deformation is easier.
  • the corner of the rectangular tube can be turned into a right angle more easily and the increase in the thickness of the corner wall becomes natural.
  • the size of the rectangular tube that can be produced It also becomes larger, and the performance conditions of the obtained rectangular tube will be better.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a corner thickening rectangular pipe forming system provided by the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of a preformed tube of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of a molded product of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a finishing unit of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the rolling of the finishing unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a local induction heating device of the present invention.
  • the temperature of the flame spray gun insulation system between each two forming units is 950 ° C, and the roll diameter difference between each two adjacent finishing units is 3mm.
  • the degree of deformation of the forming unit is about 3%.
  • the pre-formed rectangular tube is fed into a local induction heating device through a guide roller, and the heating temperature is 1000 ° C and the heating time is 15 seconds;
  • the temperature of the flame spray gun insulation system between each two forming units is 950 ° C, and the roll diameter difference between each two adjacent finishing units is 3mm.
  • the degree of deformation of the forming unit is about 3%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)

Abstract

一种角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管，其外角半径满足如下条件：当t≤6mm时，0＜R＜2.0t；当6＜t≤10mm时，0＜R＜2.5t；当t＞10mm时，0＜R＜3.0t；其中，t为方矩形钢管直管部分的壁厚；R为方矩形钢管四角的外角半径，方矩形钢管的角部壁厚为1.0t～1.8t之间。还提出该方矩形钢管的制备方法，通过在传统的辊弯成形工艺中引入局部感应加热技术，不但能降低材料成形力，提高材料的成形性能；同时可消除由于加工硬化而产生的残余应力以及可能造成的开裂现象，并且经过冷热复合成形的方矩钢管角部轮廓致密，内外角半径很小，角部角度接近90°，并伴随着角部的增厚。

Description

一种角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管及制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及金属材料加工技术领域，进一步地说，是涉及一种角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管及制备方法。
背景技术
如今，人们越来越多的追求轻量化，方矩管就是推动轻量化发展的载体，例如钢结构中方矩管依靠其自身的结构特点，相比原始砖混结构可以减轻约80％，同时其屈服强度高，抗弯截面模量大，剪心和形心重合，抗扭性能好，同时施工快；相比其它的型钢，如H型钢和圆管，方矩管在综合性能上优势突出，被称为最佳的钢结构立柱材料。
但是现阶段使用的方矩管由于其使用的是传统的冷弯成形工艺，所以在加工过程中，会出现二次加工硬化效应，尤其在方矩管角部表现明显，残余应力很大，同时角部半径很大，厚度方面又会减薄，对方矩管的使用造成了很大的限制，在高层建筑中，传统冷弯方矩管不能作为主要材料使用，同时大圆角也减弱了方矩管的焊接性能。
发明内容
为解决传统冷弯方矩钢管角部的缺陷，本发明提出了一种角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管及制备方法。在传统的辊弯成形工艺中引入热成形技术，即局部感应加热技术。高温不但能降低材料成形力，提高材料的成形性能；并且可消除由于加工硬化而产生的残余应力以及可能造成的开裂现象，同时经过冷热复合成形的方矩钢管角部轮廓致密，内外角半径很小，角部角度接近90°， 并伴随着角部的增厚。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管。
所述方矩形钢管的外角半径满足如下条件：
当t≤6mm时，0＜R＜2.0t；优选为0＜R＜1.5t；更优选0＜R＜0.5t；
当6＜t≤10mm时，0＜R＜2.5t；优选为0＜R＜2.0t；更优选0＜R＜0.75t；
当t＞10mm时，0＜R＜3.0t；优选为0＜R＜2.5t；更优选0＜R＜1.0t。
其中，t为方矩形钢管的壁厚；R为方矩形钢管四角的外角半径。
所述方矩形钢管的角部壁厚为1.0t～1.8t之间，优选为1.0t～1.2t之间。
优选：
单焊缝方矩形钢管截面周长为80mm-4800mm；
单焊缝方矩形钢管的直管壁厚为6mm-70mm；
双焊缝方矩形钢管截面周长为1600mm～9600mm；
双焊缝方矩形钢管的直管壁厚为20mm～80mm。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管的制备方法。
包括：
1)将预成品方矩形钢管经过辊压平稳对称的导入到后续的生产系统中；
2)通过感应线圈对方矩形钢管四角进行局部加热；
3)角部加热后的方矩形钢管依次进入到精成型机组中，每架成形机组对方矩形钢管的四个角部进行辊压成形；同时，通过控制每相邻两架机组辊压过程轧辊的转动速度差值，使方矩形钢管在相邻额两架机组间产生热张力作用，消除热精整过程中产生的冗余变形；
4)通过水冷系统对方矩形钢管进行控冷，保证成品方矩钢管的强度性能，之后进行空冷；
5)对成品方矩形钢管进行切割。
其中，优选：
步骤(2)，加热温度范围750℃～1100℃；加热时间不少于15秒。
步骤(3)，通过火焰喷枪保温系统对方矩形钢管的四个角进行加热，确保方矩钢管在热精整阶段温度的恒定，防止其温度降低；
温度控制范围为700～950℃。
步骤3)，每相邻的两架精成型机组，辊径差取值为1～5mm。
步骤(3)，精成形机组的数量为5架，5个精成形机组中第1，3，5架机组是固定不动的，第2、4架机组可以进行旋转，通过涡轮蜗杆装置实现旋转。
步骤(3)，方矩形钢管经过每架精成型机组之后，其截面积的变化程度在0-5％范围。
本发明的具体可采用以下技术方案：
本发明的角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管的制备方法属于二次热成型工艺，所述的角部增厚方矩形管角部厚度不小于原始板料壁厚，厚度范围在t-1.8t之间，表面没有微裂纹的存在，角部的参与应力基本消失，且圆角半径小于传统冷弯方矩管，对于外角半径R，当壁厚t≤6mm时，0＜R＜2.0t；当6＜t≤10mm时，0＜R＜2.5t；当t＞10mm时，0＜R＜3.0t，同时该工艺生产出来的方矩管适用于所有钢材种类，生产的规模为：周长80mm-9600mm，壁厚6mm-80mm。该工艺生产的方矩管由于角部残余应力消失，延展性变强，角部半径变小，厚度增大使得截面性能有了明显提升，同时改善了其焊接性能。
其生产工艺包括如下步骤：
1)上料导入系统：将预成品方矩形钢管经过辊压平稳对称的导入到后续的生产系统中；
2)局部感应加热系统：本系统中，通过感应线圈对大圆角半径方矩管四角进行局部加热，同时通过自动反馈系统保证加热温度的精准和稳定，加热温度范围是：750℃～1100℃；
3)热精整辊压系统：角部加热后的方矩形钢管依次进入到五架精成型机组中，其中每架成形机组都是通过对方矩形钢管的四个角部进行辊压成形，对于 方矩形钢管的平板区域不进行成形处理，通过这种角部辊压的方式实现增加四角厚度，减小四角半径的效果。同时，通过控制每相邻两架机组辊压过程轧辊的转动速度差值，辊径差取1～5mm；使方矩形钢管在相邻的两架机组间产生热张力作用，消除热精整过程中产生的冗余变形；此阶段温度控制700～950℃。
5个精成形机组中第1，3，5架机组是固定不动的，确保方矩管在成型过程中行进方向和成形方向的稳定性，其中的第2、4架机组可以进行旋转，会对生产过程中出现的扭曲、翘曲等冗余变形进行即时的矫直和修正，消除各种缺陷，使得到的方矩管产品的外形精度和性能质量大大提高。
5)火焰喷枪保温系统：通过本系统确保方矩形钢管在热精整阶段温度的恒定，防止其温度降低。
6)水冷系统：通过水冷系统对方矩管进行控冷，保证成品方矩形钢管的强度性能。
7)切割系统：对成品方矩管进行切割。
本发明与现有的技术相比，所具有的有益效果在于：
(1)相比传统辊弯成形工艺，二次热辊弯成形工艺生产的钢种更全，生产的方矩管规模更大，有着明显的技术领先优势和广泛的应用范围；相比热冲压成形工艺，二次热辊弯成形工艺生产效率高、节能降耗，生产的产品性能更好，同时对成形设备的要求更低。
(2)通过局部加热技术可以实现方矩管四角的加热，消除冷弯成形过程中加工硬化带来的残余应力，改善了角部性能的同时没有对母材本身造成影响，保证了原材料整体的性能；同时相比热成形生产工艺，本工艺加热区域小，加热方式为感应加热，生产效率高，绿色环保，能耗和成本大幅度降低。
(3)本发明引入保温系统和水冷系统，控轧控冷，可以最大化的改善方矩管的材料性能，保温系统可以确保材料在二次热成型过程中始终保持在恒定的温度，水冷系统可以控制成形后方矩管的冷却，提高方矩管的强度性能。
具体体现在以下几个方面：
1、本申请的冷热复合成形轧机组的轧辊分布在方矩管的四个角部，直接对方矩管的四个外角进行辊压成形，且4个角部的轧辊可以同时进行横向、纵向以及成形方向的移动，来适用不同尺寸规模的方矩管的成形。所产生的直接效果就是：方矩管可成形的尺寸范围相比之前的大大提升，最大可以生产周长为9600mm壁厚80mm的方矩形钢管。另外，现有的设备生产的方矩管的边长有多大，轧辊就需要有多大，这大大的限制了大尺寸规格的方矩管的生产，一套设备只能生产一种规格的产品，而本专利是对方矩管的角部进行辊压成形，不用更换轧辊，可以用一套设备生产所有规格的产品，大大的降低了生产的成本。
2、本申请的冷热复合成形轧机组共有5个精成形机组，其中第1，3，5架机组是固定不动的，确保方矩管在成型过程中行进方向和成形方向的稳定性，其中的第2、4架机组可以进行旋转；所产生的直接效果就是：会对生产过程中出现的扭曲、翘曲等冗余变形进行即时的矫直和修正，消除各种缺陷，使得到的方矩管产品的外形精度和性能质量大大提高。同时因为精成形机组共有5架，可以更大程度范围的改变方矩管的角部形状，使其更接近于直角，角部壁厚增加的更明显，这使得方矩管的截面性能提升，力学性能和焊接性能等变得更好，同时可生产方矩管的壁厚尺寸范围也变得更大。
3、本申请除了第一架精成形机组，之后的4架精成形机组每个前面都有一个保温装置来确保方矩管在整个的精成形过程中温度的恒定，所产生的直接效果就是：方矩管的成形温度恒定，变形更容易，方矩管的角部可以有能力且更容易的变成直角，角部壁厚额增加也变得水到渠成，其可以生产的方矩管的尺寸规模也变得更大，同时得到的方矩管的性能条件会更好。
附图说明
图1本发明提供的一种角部增厚矩形管成型系统示意图；
图2是本发明的预成形管图
图3是本发明的成型产品图；
图4本发明的精成形机组结构示意图；
图5本发明的精成形机组的辊压示意图；
图6本发明的局部感应加热装置示意图；
附图标记说明：
1、上料装置；2、辊压导入机组；3、局部感应加热装置；4、精成形机组；5、测温仪及自动反馈系统；6、火焰喷枪保温装置；7、水冷装置；8、空冷区；9、切割装置；11、预成形方矩管；12、轧辊移动控制旋钮；13、轧辊；14、机架旋转控制旋钮；15硅钢片；16感应加热线圈。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，进一步说明本发明。
实施例1：
(1)将Q235钢板预弯成外圆角半径R＝20.0mm的预成形方矩管，尺寸为200*200mm，其中平板区域壁厚为8.0mm，角部壁厚为7.8mm。
(2)将预成形方矩管进过导辊送入局部感应加热装置，加热温度为1050℃，加热时间为15秒；
(3)之后经过五台精成形机组成形，每两架成形机组间的火焰喷枪保温系统温度为950℃，每相邻的两架精成形机组间的辊径差取值为3mm，每架精成形机组的变形程度在3％左右。
(4)经过热精整后，获得尺寸为193*193mm，平板区域壁厚为8mm，角部壁厚为8.8mm，外圆角半径为2mm的矩形管，经质量检测，该冷热复合成形方矩管残余应力消除，加工硬化消除，塑性能力得到加强。
实施例2：
(1)将Q235钢板预弯成外圆角半径R＝36.0mm的预成形方矩管，尺寸为400*400mm，其中平板区域壁厚为20.0mm，角部壁厚为19.6mm。
(2)将预成形方矩管进过导辊送入局部感应加热装置，加热温度为1000℃， 加热时间为15秒；
(3)之后经过五台精成形机组成形，每两架成形机组间的火焰喷枪保温系统温度为950℃，每相邻的两架精成形机组间的辊径差取值为3mm，每架精成形机组的变形程度在3％左右。
(4)经过热精整后，获得尺寸为388*388mm，平板区域壁厚为20.0mm，角部壁厚为22.1mm，外圆角半径为5mm的矩形管，经质量检测，该冷热复合成形方矩管残余应力消除，加工硬化消除，塑性能力得到加强。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管，其特征在于：
    所述方矩形钢管的外角半径满足如下条件：
    当t≤6mm时，0＜R＜2.0t；
    当6＜t≤10mm时，0＜R＜2.5t；
    当t＞10mm时，0＜R＜3.0t；
    其中，t为方矩形钢管直管部分的壁厚；R为方矩形钢管四角的外角半径；
    所述方矩形钢管的角部壁厚为1.0t～1.8t之间。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管，其特征在于：
    当t≤6mm时，0＜R＜1.5t；
    当6＜t≤10mm时，0＜R＜2.0t；
    当t＞10mm时，0＜R＜2.5t。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管，其特征在于：
    当t≤6mm时，0＜R＜0.5t；
    当6＜t≤10mm时，0＜R＜0.75t；
    当t＞10mm时，0＜R＜1.0t。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管，其特征在于：
    所述方矩形钢管的角部壁厚为1.0t～1.2t。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管，其特征在于：
    单焊缝方矩形钢管截面周长为80mm-4800mm；
    单焊缝方矩形钢管的直管壁厚为6mm-70mm；
    双焊缝方矩形钢管截面周长为1600mm～9600mm；
    双焊缝方矩形钢管的直管壁厚为20mm～80mm。
  6. 一种如权利要求1～5之一所述的角部增厚冷热复合成型的方矩形钢管的制备方法，其特征在于所述方法包括：
    1)将预成品方矩形钢管经过辊压平稳对称的导入到后续的生产系统中；
    2)通过感应线圈对方矩形钢管四角进行局部加热；
    3)角部加热后的方矩形钢管依次进入到精成型机组中，每架成形机组对方矩形钢管的四个角部进行辊压成形；同时，通过控制每相邻两架机组辊压过程轧辊的转动速度差值，使方矩形钢管在相邻的两架机组间产生热张力作用，消除热精整过程中产生的冗余变形；
    4)通过水冷系统对方矩形钢管进行控冷，保证成品方矩钢管的强度性能，之后进行空冷；
    5)对成品方矩形钢管进行切割。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方矩形钢管的制备方法，其特征在于：
    步骤(2)，加热温度范围750℃～1100℃；加热时间不少于15秒。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的方矩形钢管的制备方法，其特征在于：
    步骤(3)，通过火焰喷枪保温系统对方矩形钢管的四个角进行加热，确保方矩钢管在热精整阶段温度的恒定，防止其温度降低；
    温度控制范围为700～950℃；
    每相邻的两架精成型机组，辊径差取值为1～5mm。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的方矩形钢管的制备方法，其特征在于：
    步骤(3)，精成形机组的数量为5架，第1，3，5架机组是固定不动的，第2、4架机组可进行旋转。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的方矩形钢管的制备方法，其特征在于：
    方矩形钢管经过每架精成型机组之后，其截面积的变化程度在0-5％范围。
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