WO2020011353A1 - Procédé de traitement d'huile végétale - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement d'huile végétale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020011353A1
WO2020011353A1 PCT/EP2018/068837 EP2018068837W WO2020011353A1 WO 2020011353 A1 WO2020011353 A1 WO 2020011353A1 EP 2018068837 W EP2018068837 W EP 2018068837W WO 2020011353 A1 WO2020011353 A1 WO 2020011353A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
vegetable oil
tank
continuous flow
processing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/068837
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jose Miguel ZUCCARDI
Francisco Alberto BONINO
Original Assignee
Zuccardi Jose Miguel
Bonino Francisco Alberto
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zuccardi Jose Miguel, Bonino Francisco Alberto filed Critical Zuccardi Jose Miguel
Priority to EP18745517.5A priority Critical patent/EP3820587A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2018/068837 priority patent/WO2020011353A1/fr
Priority to ARP190101911A priority patent/AR115710A1/es
Publication of WO2020011353A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020011353A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0021—Degasification of liquids by bringing the liquid in a thin layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0036—Flash degasification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/16—Refining fats or fatty oils by mechanical means

Definitions

  • the present application refers to the field of treatment and conditioning of vegetable oils prior to their packaging or to be placed In storage tanks and after the extraction process has ended.
  • olive paste is processed in a decanter (or horizontal centrifugal phase separator) to separate the oil from the alperujo by centrifugal force. Then, the oil mixed with water, air and pulp remains falls into a vibrofilter to separate the larger solids. In order to separate suspended solids and water, the oil is processed in a vertical centrifuge. After this stage, the oil only contains traces of water and finer solids (remains of olive mesocarp). This oil with impurities is deposited in tanks where gravity decantation takes place. This process of natural decantation takes from 12 to 5 days without the addition of additives.
  • the incorporated atmospheric air is solubilized, absorbed, and emulsified with remains of vegetable water that contains the oil, producing undesirable effects.
  • Some examples of them are: - Oxidation of polyphenols and antioxidants, leading to a reduction in the quality and lifetime of the oils;
  • the vegetable water contains enzymes (such as lipase), which act on the water-oil interface, breaking down the triglycerides and increasing the free acidity.
  • enzymes such as lipase
  • rancidity in the oils.
  • hydrolytic and oxidative refers to the hydrolysis reaction of fat triglycerides with the subsequent production of free fatty acids. This reaction can be catalyzed by the lipases present in the olive seeds or pits.
  • Oxidative rancidity also called self-oxidation, from the quality point of view, is the factor that most influences oils and fats. In this case, it is the reaction of atmospheric oxygen with the double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids.
  • it is necessary to act on the oxygen dissolved in the product, which will react with the unsaturated lipids and on the oxygen in the air present in the so-called headspace, replacing it with an inert gas that is incorporated into the fluid, preventing the presence of oxygen.
  • the air is dissolved in the oil, producing the aforementioned problems due to its content of oxygen, bacteria, yeasts, etc.
  • a method for processing a vegetable oil comprising the removal of the air and/or moisture contained in the oil by means of a high relative vacuum pressure, thus breaking down the emulsions.
  • the method allows to obtain oil able to be filtered few minutes after the extraction process has ended. This time is surprisingly less than in the prior art. In this way, in an oil production plant, it is possible to dispense with the tanks and the space dedicated to decanting, without affecting the quality of the oil.
  • a method for preventing the reincorporation of air into an oil when introduced into a tank.
  • contact of the oil with atmospheric air is avoided by first filling the tank with an inert gas. Once the oil is filled into the tank, by the action of atmospheric pressure, the inert gas dissolves into the oil, thus avoiding its contact with oxygen.
  • methods are provided for performing rapid decantations of 2 to 3 days of oils that will not be filtered, which comprise the use of high relative vacuum pressure.
  • a method for direct packaging starting from a centrifuged oil. This oil is dehydrated and de-aerated by means of the application of high relative pressure vacuum, filtering and finally packaging.
  • an inert gas with a higher molecular weight than the air in the bottle, this improving storage.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows samples taken at the middle level of the tank 5 days after the oils were placed in the respective test tanks.
  • FIG. 3 shows samples taken at the cone level of the tank 5 days after the oils were placed in the respective test tanks.
  • FIG. 4 shows samples taken at the middle level of the tank 11 days after the oils were placed in the respective test tanks.
  • FIG. 5 also shows samples taken at the cone level of the tank 11 days after the oils were placed in the respective test tanks.
  • FIG. 6 shows samples taken at the middle level of the tank 18 days after the oilswere placed In the respective test tanks.
  • FIG. 7 shows samples taken at the cone level of the tank 18 days after the oils were placed in the respective test tanks.
  • FIG. 8 compares a sample obtained using a device according to an embodiment of the present invention with a control sample obtained using a typical production process.
  • An object of an embodiment of the present invention is a method for processing a continuous flow of vegetable oil comprising the first step of: processing said oil flow to remove the water contained and/or the air dissolved therein by means of the application of high relative pressure vacuum.
  • Said vacuum is applied to an airtight tank which allows the flow to have, during its passage through the tank, a thin sheet form to achieve greater exposure of the oil to the vacuum applied.
  • the system is supplemented with a device capable of extracting the same flow of oil that enters the airtight tank, overcoming the relative vacuum pressure applied. This is achieved through the use of, for example, positive displacement pumps (screw pumps, gears, among others).
  • an oil is obtained that does not have emulsions, air or humidity, and that is ready to be filtered or deposited in a tank for the particles contained therein to decant (remains of vegetable tissues from the mesocarp).
  • the continuous flow of oil obtained in the step described above is filtered and introduced into a storage tank.
  • the storage tank has an inert gas inside, with a molecular weight greater than the molecular weight of ambient air.
  • This tank also has an upper outlet that is in connection with ambient pressure, and by the action of this pressure, said inert gas is incorporated into the stored oil. This prevents the air from being absorbed again by the oil and from producing unwanted effects affecting the quality.
  • the inert gases can be, for example, carbon dioxide (CO2) or argon (Ar).
  • the continuous flow of oil without emulsions obtained is introduced into a tank where decanting of the particles still contained in the oil takes place. Since there are no emulsions, humidity and/or dissolved air, the time required by the decantation of said particles is reduced, and the temperature could be within a range of 15 to 30 °C. Preferably, it is carried out at room temperature, below 20 °C,. This method considerably reduces the capacity of the decantation tanks required as compared with a traditional setup.
  • the continuous flow of oil without emulsions obtained can be sent directly to the storage tanks. By completely eliminating the moisture present in it, the fermentative and enzymatic activity that deteriorates the quality of the oil is stopped.
  • the continuous flow of oil without emulsions, moisture and/or dissolved air is filtered to remove the particles still contained in the oil, thus achieving oil that may be packed or stored for packaging at a later stage.
  • the stage of natural decanting is omitted in the total traditional vegetable oil production process. By eliminating this stage of the process, not only a dramatic reduction in production times of at least 12 days is achieved, but also the production plant sector dedicated to this purpose is not needed. In this way, space and investment savings are generated, since it would not be necessary to have decanting tank capacity equivalent to the production of at least 12 days of the production plant.
  • a dehydration and/or de-aeration method of a continuous flow of vegetable oil is provided by means of high relative vacuum , through which the solubilized, absorbed and emulsified air and/or moisture is extracted from the oil with a high-suction pump. Then, the oil free from atmospheric air and/or water is introduced into a tank with an inert gas heavier than air (for example, carbon dioxide or argon), which is absorbed by the oil to achieve equilibrium and inertization. In this way, oil preservation is prolonged and the time of gravity decantation is reduced by approximately 75%.
  • an inert gas lighter than air such as nitrogen, can be bubbled with a diffuser so that the oil absorbs it.
  • the high vacuum used in the various embodiments of the present invention produces water evaporation, leading to a decrease in temperature, the elimination of dissolved air and consequently the breakdown of oil emulsions.
  • this allows direct filtering of the oil. Achieving direct oil filtering would eliminate the decanting sector of a vegetable oil production plant, with the advantage of being able to use these tanks as storage tanks, or in the case of new premises, to significantly reduce the total investment required. This is possible due to the absence of water and the reduction of particle size through the elimination of air.
  • Figure 1 shows that, in one embodiment of the present invention, there is disclosed a device for dehydrating and/or de-aerating a continuous flow of vegetable oii which works under vacuum in an airtight tank.
  • the oii enters it at the top and is homogeneously distributed over a first cone of stainless steel that is part of a series of inverted cones. Said series of cones fulfills the function of extracting most of the humidity and/or atmospheric air retained in the oil, causing it to descend on very thin sheets.
  • a screw pump is connected to the bottom of the tank. This pump ensures that the process is continuous, removing from the tank the same flow of oil that enters the upper part, overcoming the vacuum pressure applied inside said tank.
  • a dehydrated and/or de-aerated oil is deposited, through the lower inlet, in a tank that has been previously filled with an amount of an inert gas heavier than air.
  • the inert gas will dissolve in the oil under the action of atmospheric pressure.
  • the amount of inert gas must be sufficient so that: (i) the inert gas dissolved in the oil at the atmospheric pressure affecting the upper part of the tank reaches saturation; and (ii) an amount of inert gas remains in the upper part of the tank to function as a separating layer. This avoids contact of atmospheric air with the oil inside the tank.
  • Said inert gas can be selected from argon (Ar) or carbon dioxide (CO2), the latter being the most commonly used due to its availability and price. As a precaution, more inert gas is often added through the top of said tank. In other embodiments, nitrogen is bubbled with a diffuser, since it is lighter than air. Together with the extraction of atmospheric air and/or humidity from the continuous flow of oil to which a high relative pressure vacuum is applied, scents coming therefrom are dragged. In an embodiment of the present invention, these scents can be condensed in a scent condenser. This scent condenser consists in cooling with a liquid coolant at an appropriate temperature to achieve condensation. These scents can be introduced into the oil at a later stage.
  • Tests were conducted by measuring the moisture content before and after processing a vegetable oil with the method according to the present invention. In all cases, it was carried out in a device according to an embodiment of the present invention, with a continuous flow rate at a working flow rate of 350 liters/hour of oil, and applying a relative vacuum of 700 mm Hg.
  • olive oils of different olive varieties were used once the extraction process was finished, at the exit of the vertical centrifuge, entering the device at a temperature of 28 °C. Evaporation under these conditions reduced the oil outlet temperature to an average of 24 °C.
  • samples were taken at the inlet and outlet of the device, yielding the following laboratory results:
  • the tests were carried out based on an oil extracted from 18,000 kg of Changlot olives and placed in tanks (ID02, ID03, ID04, ID05) with a capacity of 400 liters and a conical bottom. Samples were taken from each tank at 5, 11 , and 18 days after extraction, and at each sampling two samples were taken: one from the cone level of the tank, and one from the middle level of the tank.
  • FIG. 2 shows the samples taken at the middle level of the tank 5 days after the oils were placed in the respective tanks.
  • the control sample (T) is the most turbid one, followed by the cellulose + silica gel (C + S) sample, and the vacuum (V) and commercially available clarifier (O) samples show a similar turbidity level, but lower than the others.
  • FIG. 3 shows the samples taken at the level of the cone of the tank 5 days after the oils were placed in the respective tanks.
  • the control sample (T) is the most turbid one, followed by the cellulose + silica gel (C + S) sample, and the vacuum (V) and commercially available clarifier (O) samples show a similar turbidity level, but lower than the others. Sediments were found in the sample bottle with the commercially available clarifier and cellulose + silica gel treatments.
  • FIG. 4 shows the samples taken at the middle level of the tank 11 days after the oils were placed in the respective tanks.
  • the control sample (T) is the most turbid one, showing fine solids in suspension throughout the volume.
  • the samples of cellulose + silica gel (C + S) and commercially available clarifier (O) show an average cloud of fine solids.
  • the vacuum sample (V) presents a slight cloud of fine solids.
  • FIG. 5 shows the samples taken at the level of the cone of the tank 11 days after the oils were placed in the respective tanks. As can be seen, the control sample
  • T is the most turbid one, showing fine solids in suspension throughout the volume.
  • the samples of cellulose + siiica gei (C + S) and commercially available clarifier (O) show an average cloud of fine solids.
  • the vacuum sample (V) presents a slight cloud of fine solids.
  • FIG. 6 shows the samples taken at the middle level of the tank
  • FIG. 7 shows the samples taken at the level of the cone of the tank 18 days after the oils were placed in the respective tanks.
  • the vacuum sample (V) shows a remarkable difference in limpidity as compared to the other 3 treatments.
  • the commercially available clarifier sample (O) shows slightly more turbidity than the vacuum sample (V) but with the disadvantage that the decanted debris shows signs of vinegar.
  • the sample of cellulose + silica gel (C + S) has a turbidity similar to the control sample (T), which presents fine solids in suspension throughout the volume. The latter two samples also show signs of vinegar.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement d'un écoulement continu d'huile végétale comprenant les étapes consistant à : traiter ledit écoulement d'huile pour éliminer l'eau contenue et/ou l'air dissous dans celle-ci au moyen de l'application d'un vide à pression relative élevée, ledit vide étant appliqué dans un réservoir étanche à l'air qui permet à l'écoulement d'avoir, pendant son passage à travers le réservoir, une forme de feuille mince pour obtenir une plus grande exposition de l'huile au vide appliqué. Pour obtenir une continuité de l'écoulement à l'intérieur du réservoir, le procédé consiste également à utiliser un dispositif capable d'extraire le même écoulement d'huile qui entre dans le réservoir étanche à l'air, surmontant la pression de vide relative appliquée. Grâce à l'application de ce procédé, une huile est obtenue qui n'a pas d'émulsions, d'air ou d'humidité et qui est prête à être filtrée ou stockée dans un réservoir de telle sorte que les particules contenues dans celle-ci peuvent décanter.
PCT/EP2018/068837 2018-07-11 2018-07-11 Procédé de traitement d'huile végétale WO2020011353A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18745517.5A EP3820587A1 (fr) 2018-07-11 2018-07-11 Procédé de traitement d'huile végétale
PCT/EP2018/068837 WO2020011353A1 (fr) 2018-07-11 2018-07-11 Procédé de traitement d'huile végétale
ARP190101911A AR115710A1 (es) 2018-07-11 2019-07-05 Método para procesar aceite vegetal

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2018/068837 WO2020011353A1 (fr) 2018-07-11 2018-07-11 Procédé de traitement d'huile végétale

Publications (1)

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WO2020011353A1 true WO2020011353A1 (fr) 2020-01-16

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AR (1) AR115710A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020011353A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB589534A (en) * 1945-03-26 1947-06-23 Alan Porter Lee Improvements in the purification and deodorization of glycerides
CA1325221C (fr) * 1986-04-23 1993-12-14 Hans R. Strop Procede d'extraction d'huile a faible teneur en phospholipides de matieres oleagineuses
JPH06319497A (ja) * 1992-11-27 1994-11-22 L'air Liquide 貯蔵された飲料および食用油の香気および風味を改善する方法
US20070116812A1 (en) * 2005-11-18 2007-05-24 Philippe Msika Process for producing refined avacado oil rich in triglycerides, and oil obtainable by said process
US20140275594A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2014-09-18 Soluciones Extractivas Alimentarias, S.L. New process for reducing pollutants in fats and oils and their derivatives

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB589534A (en) * 1945-03-26 1947-06-23 Alan Porter Lee Improvements in the purification and deodorization of glycerides
CA1325221C (fr) * 1986-04-23 1993-12-14 Hans R. Strop Procede d'extraction d'huile a faible teneur en phospholipides de matieres oleagineuses
JPH06319497A (ja) * 1992-11-27 1994-11-22 L'air Liquide 貯蔵された飲料および食用油の香気および風味を改善する方法
US20070116812A1 (en) * 2005-11-18 2007-05-24 Philippe Msika Process for producing refined avacado oil rich in triglycerides, and oil obtainable by said process
US20140275594A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2014-09-18 Soluciones Extractivas Alimentarias, S.L. New process for reducing pollutants in fats and oils and their derivatives

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3820587A1 (fr) 2021-05-19
AR115710A1 (es) 2021-02-17

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