WO2020006842A1 - 一种铁基复相环保储氢材料 - Google Patents

一种铁基复相环保储氢材料 Download PDF

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WO2020006842A1
WO2020006842A1 PCT/CN2018/102158 CN2018102158W WO2020006842A1 WO 2020006842 A1 WO2020006842 A1 WO 2020006842A1 CN 2018102158 W CN2018102158 W CN 2018102158W WO 2020006842 A1 WO2020006842 A1 WO 2020006842A1
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heat treatment
tivfe
alloy ingot
rolling
hydrogen storage
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PCT/CN2018/102158
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄倩
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黄倩
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Priority to US16/560,990 priority Critical patent/US20200010939A1/en
Publication of WO2020006842A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020006842A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
    • C22C27/025—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum alloys based on vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C2202/00—Physical properties
    • C22C2202/04—Hydrogen absorbing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of new energy materials, in particular to an iron-based composite phase environmental protection hydrogen storage material.
  • Hydrogen storage materials play an increasingly important role in the high-tech field.
  • the US Department of Energy (DOE) 's research funding for hydrogen storage accounts for about 50% of hydrogen research funding, and passed the "National Energy Policy Proposal” on October 24, 1992; the Japanese government formulated 1993-2020 “ “New Sunshine Plan”; China also attaches great importance to the research and development of hydrogen storage materials.
  • DOE United States Department of Energy
  • hydrogen storage materials are regarded as one of the key research areas, which will be a new development for the 21st century.
  • the development and utilization of energy has a huge driving force.
  • metals and alloys can react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides under certain conditions, but as excellent hydrogen storage materials, they need to meet certain specific properties, mainly including: a large amount of hydrogen storage and storage at a suitable temperature and pressure range;
  • the enthalpy of hydride formation is generally between -29 and -46 kJ ⁇ mol -1 (H 2 ).
  • the enthalpy of generation should be small; in the application of heat storage, the enthalpy of generation should be large; it has a flat and wide equilibrium pressure platform area; and it has a suitable equilibrium hydrogen pressure.
  • the decomposition pressure near room temperature should be: 0.2-0.3MPa; easy to activate, good reaction kinetics, and low hysteresis (hysteresis refers to the equilibrium hydrogen pressure difference in the process of metal or alloy absorption and release of hydrogen) Phenomenon); strong regeneration ability, that is: after several cycles of hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation, its performance attenuation is small; resistance to oxidation and corrosion is good; effective thermal conductivity is large; raw materials are abundant and the cost is cheap.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an iron-based multiphase environmentally friendly hydrogen storage material, thereby overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the present invention provides an iron-based composite phase environmentally friendly hydrogen storage material, which is characterized in that the iron-based composite phase environmentally friendly hydrogen storage material is prepared by the following methods: providing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials; Weigh Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials according to preset chemical formulas; vacuum smelt Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials to obtain First TiVFe alloy ingot; first heat treatment of first TiVFe alloy ingot; first rolling of first TiVFe alloy ingot after first heat treatment to obtain second TiVFe alloy ingot; second TiVFe alloy ingot Heat treatment; performing a second rolling on the second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment to obtain a third TiVFe alloy ingot; and performing a third heat treatment on the third TiVFe alloy ingot.
  • the vacuum melting of Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce and Gd metal raw materials after weighing is as follows: the vacuum degree is less than 0.01 Pa, and the melting time is 100-150 min. During the melting process, Invert the alloy ingot every 200-300s.
  • the first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 800-900 ° C, the heat treatment time is 10-12h, and the heating rate is 50-60 ° C. / min.
  • the first rolling of the first TiVFe alloy ingot after the first heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 400-500 ° C, the rolling reduction is 40-45%, and the rolling speed is 0.3. -0.4m / s.
  • the second heat treatment of the second TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 700-800 ° C, the heat treatment time is 5-6h, and the heating rate is 50-60 ° C. / min.
  • the second rolling of the second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 400-500 ° C, the rolling reduction is 50-55%, and the rolling speed is 0.7 -0.9m / s.
  • the third heat treatment of the third TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment atmosphere is hydrogen, the heat treatment temperature is 400-500 ° C, the heat treatment time is 15-20h, and the heating rate is 50-60 ° C / min .
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Referring to the general requirements for hydrogen storage materials mentioned in the background, it can be known that excellent hydrogen storage materials generally require materials with good resistance to oxidation and corrosion, large effective thermal conductivity, Rich raw materials and low cost.
  • One type of hydrogen storage material that meets these requirements is the TiVFe-based hydrogen storage material. These alloys have stable chemical properties. Compared with Mg-based hydrogen storage materials, they have stronger corrosion resistance, richer raw material sources, and lower costs.
  • the current TiVFe-based hydrogen storage materials still have the following problems: processing and forming are difficult.
  • the present invention proposes an iron-based complex-phase environmentally friendly hydrogen storage material after machining.
  • the present application can roll alloy ingots to about 10% of the original size. Subsequently, the burrs around the alloy sheet need only be removed to obtain a directly usable alloy sheet. In this process, the number of cracks generated in the alloy is small, and the alloy properties are not greatly affected, which solves the processing difficulties of TiVFe-based alloys. The problem.
  • the iron-based multiphase environmentally friendly hydrogen storage material is prepared by the following methods: providing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials; weighing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials according to a preset chemical formula Heavy; vacuum smelting Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials to obtain the first TiVFe alloy ingot; first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot; A TiVFe alloy ingot is first rolled to obtain a second TiVFe alloy ingot; a second TiVFe alloy ingot is subjected to a second heat treatment; a second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is subjected to a second rolling to obtain a third TiVFe alloy Ingot; a third heat treatment is performed on the third TiVFe alloy ingot.
  • the vacuum melting of Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce and Gd metal materials after weighing is as follows: the vacuum degree is less than 0.01Pa, and the melting time is 100min. During the melting process, the alloy ingot is inverted once every 200s of melting .
  • the first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 800 ° C., the heat treatment time is 10 h, and the heating rate is 50 ° C./min.
  • the first rolling of the first TiVFe alloy ingot after the first heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 400 ° C., the reduction is 40%, and the rolling speed is 0.3 m / s.
  • the second heat treatment of the second TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 700 ° C., the heat treatment time is 5 h, and the heating rate is 50 ° C./min.
  • the second rolling of the second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 400 ° C., the reduction is 50%, and the rolling speed is 0.7 m / s.
  • the third heat treatment of the third TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment atmosphere is hydrogen, the heat treatment temperature is 400 ° C., the heat treatment time is 15 h, and the heating rate is 50 ° C./min.
  • the iron-based multiphase environmentally friendly hydrogen storage material is prepared by the following methods: providing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials; weighing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials according to a preset chemical formula Heavy; vacuum smelting Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials to obtain the first TiVFe alloy ingot; first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot; A TiVFe alloy ingot is first rolled to obtain a second TiVFe alloy ingot; a second TiVFe alloy ingot is subjected to a second heat treatment; a second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is subjected to a second rolling to obtain a third TiVFe alloy Ingot; a third heat treatment is performed on the third TiVFe alloy ingot.
  • the vacuum melting of Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce and Gd metal raw materials after weighing is as follows: the vacuum degree is less than 0.01Pa, the melting time is 150min, during the melting process, the alloy ingot is carried out every 200-300s of melting One flip.
  • the first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 900 ° C., the heat treatment time is 12 h, and the heating rate is 60 ° C./min.
  • the first rolling of the first TiVFe alloy ingot after the first heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 500 ° C., the reduction is 45%, and the rolling speed is 0.4 m / s.
  • the second heat treatment of the second TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 800 ° C., the heat treatment time is 6 h, and the heating rate is 60 ° C./min.
  • the second rolling of the second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 500 ° C., the reduction is 55%, and the rolling speed is 0.9 m / s.
  • the third heat treatment of the third TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment atmosphere is hydrogen, the heat treatment temperature is 500 ° C., the heat treatment time is 20 h, and the heating rate is 60 ° C./min.
  • the iron-based multiphase environmentally friendly hydrogen storage material is prepared by the following methods: providing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials; weighing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials according to a preset chemical formula Heavy; vacuum smelting Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials to obtain the first TiVFe alloy ingot; first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot; A TiVFe alloy ingot is first rolled to obtain a second TiVFe alloy ingot; a second TiVFe alloy ingot is subjected to a second heat treatment; a second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is subjected to a second rolling to obtain a third TiVFe alloy Ingot; a third heat treatment is performed on the third TiVFe alloy ingot.
  • Vacuum melting of Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal materials after weighing is as follows: the vacuum degree is less than 0.01Pa, and the melting time is 120min. During the melting process, the alloy ingot is inverted once every 250s of melting .
  • the first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 850 ° C., the heat treatment time is 11 h, and the heating rate is 55 ° C./min.
  • the first rolling of the first TiVFe alloy ingot after the first heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 450 ° C., the reduction is 42%, and the rolling speed is 0.35 m / s.
  • the second heat treatment of the second TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 750 ° C, the heat treatment time is 5.5h, and the heating rate is 55 ° C / min.
  • the second rolling of the second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 450 ° C., the reduction is 52%, and the rolling speed is 0.8 m / s.
  • the third heat treatment of the third TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment atmosphere is hydrogen, the heat treatment temperature is 450 ° C., the heat treatment time is 18 h, and the heating rate is 55 ° C./min.
  • the iron-based multiphase environmentally friendly hydrogen storage material is prepared by the following methods: providing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials; weighing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials according to a preset chemical formula Heavy; vacuum smelting Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials to obtain the first TiVFe alloy ingot; first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot; A TiVFe alloy ingot is first rolled to obtain a second TiVFe alloy ingot; a second TiVFe alloy ingot is subjected to a second heat treatment; a second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is subjected to a second rolling to obtain a third TiVFe alloy Ingot; a third heat treatment is performed on the third TiVFe alloy ingot.
  • Vacuum melting of Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal materials after weighing is as follows: the vacuum degree is less than 0.01Pa, and the melting time is 120min. During the melting process, the alloy ingot is inverted once every 250s of melting .
  • the first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 850 ° C., the heat treatment time is 11 h, and the heating rate is 55 ° C./min.
  • the first rolling of the first TiVFe alloy ingot after the first heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 450 ° C., the reduction is 42%, and the rolling speed is 0.35 m / s.
  • the second heat treatment of the second TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 750 ° C, the heat treatment time is 5.5h, and the heating rate is 55 ° C / min.
  • the second rolling of the second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 450 ° C., the reduction is 52%, and the rolling speed is 0.8 m / s.
  • the third heat treatment of the third TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment atmosphere is hydrogen, the heat treatment temperature is 450 ° C., the heat treatment time is 18 h, and the heating rate is 55 ° C./min.
  • the iron-based multiphase environmentally friendly hydrogen storage material is prepared by the following methods: providing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce
  • the iron-based multiphase environmentally friendly hydrogen storage material is prepared by the following methods: providing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce and Gd metal raw materials; Weigh Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials according to a preset chemical formula; Vacuum smelt Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials after weighing, The first TiVFe alloy ingot obtained; the first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot; the first rolling of the first TiVFe alloy ingot after the first heat treatment to obtain a second TiVFe alloy ingot; and the second TiVFe alloy ingot A second heat treatment; performing a second rolling on the second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment to obtain a third TiVFe alloy ingot; and performing a third heat treatment on the third TiVFe alloy ingot.
  • the vacuum melting of Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce and Gd metal raw materials after weighing is as follows: the vacuum degree is less than 0.01Pa, and the melting time is 80min. During the melting process, the alloy ingot is carried out every 200-300s of melting One flip.
  • the first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 1000 ° C., the heat treatment time is 8 h, and the heating rate is 40 ° C./min.
  • the first rolling of the first TiVFe alloy ingot after the first heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 300 ° C., the reduction is 30%, and the rolling speed is 0.5 m / s.
  • the second heat treatment of the second TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 750 ° C, the heat treatment time is 5.5h, and the heating rate is 55 ° C / min.
  • the second rolling of the second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 450 ° C., the reduction is 52%, and the rolling speed is 0.8 m / s.
  • the third heat treatment of the third TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment atmosphere is hydrogen, the heat treatment temperature is 450 ° C., the heat treatment time is 18 h, and the heating rate is 55 ° C./min.
  • the iron-based multiphase environmentally friendly hydrogen storage material is prepared by the following methods: providing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials; weighing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials according to a preset chemical formula Heavy; vacuum smelting Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials to obtain the first TiVFe alloy ingot; first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot; A TiVFe alloy ingot is first rolled to obtain a second TiVFe alloy ingot; a second TiVFe alloy ingot is subjected to a second heat treatment; a second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is subjected to a second rolling to obtain a third TiVFe alloy Ingot; a third heat treatment is performed on the third TiVFe alloy ingot.
  • Vacuum melting of Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal materials after weighing is as follows: the vacuum degree is less than 0.01Pa, and the melting time is 120min. During the melting process, the alloy ingot is inverted once every 250s of melting .
  • the first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 850 ° C., the heat treatment time is 11 h, and the heating rate is 55 ° C./min.
  • the first rolling of the first TiVFe alloy ingot after the first heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 450 ° C., the reduction is 42%, and the rolling speed is 0.35 m / s.
  • the second heat treatment of the second TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 900 ° C., the heat treatment time is 8 h, and the heating rate is 80 ° C./min.
  • the second rolling of the second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 600 ° C., the reduction is 60%, and the rolling speed is 0.5 m / s.
  • the third heat treatment of the third TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment atmosphere is hydrogen, the heat treatment temperature is 450 ° C., the heat treatment time is 18 h, and the heating rate is 55 ° C./min.
  • the iron-based multiphase environmentally friendly hydrogen storage material is prepared by the following methods: providing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials; weighing Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials according to a preset chemical formula Heavy; vacuum smelting Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal raw materials to obtain the first TiVFe alloy ingot; first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot; A TiVFe alloy ingot is first rolled to obtain a second TiVFe alloy ingot; a second TiVFe alloy ingot is subjected to a second heat treatment; a second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is subjected to a second rolling to obtain a third TiVFe alloy Ingot; a third heat treatment is performed on the third TiVFe alloy ingot.
  • Vacuum melting of Ti, V, Fe, Zr, Ce, and Gd metal materials after weighing is as follows: the vacuum degree is less than 0.01Pa, and the melting time is 120min. During the melting process, the alloy ingot is inverted once every 250s of melting .
  • the first heat treatment of the first TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 850 ° C., the heat treatment time is 11 h, and the heating rate is 55 ° C./min.
  • the first rolling of the first TiVFe alloy ingot after the first heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 450 ° C., the reduction is 42%, and the rolling speed is 0.35 m / s.
  • the second heat treatment of the second TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment pressure is lower than 0.01 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 750 ° C, the heat treatment time is 5.5h, and the heating rate is 55 ° C / min.
  • the second rolling of the second TiVFe alloy ingot after the second heat treatment is specifically: the rolling temperature is 450 ° C., the reduction is 52%, and the rolling speed is 0.8 m / s.
  • the third heat treatment of the third TiVFe alloy ingot is specifically: the heat treatment atmosphere is hydrogen, the heat treatment temperature is 350 ° C., the heat treatment time is 30 h, and the heating rate is 40 ° C./min.
  • Example 1-7 The hydrogen absorption percentage test and the fracture toughness test of Examples 1-7 were performed in a manner known in the art. The test results were normalized based on Example 1. The test results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 2 100% 106% Example 3 105% 107% Example 4 58% 74% Example 5 72% 53% Example 6 70% 59% Example 7 78% 58%

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Abstract

一种铁基复相环保储氢材料，铁基复相环保储氢材料是由如下方法制备的：提供Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料；按照预设化学式对Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行称重；将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼，得到第一TiVFe合金锭；对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理；对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制，得到第二TiVFe合金锭；对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理；对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制，得到第三TiVFe合金锭；对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理。通过热处理和轧制交替进行的方法，能够将合金锭轧制到原始尺寸的10％左右，解决了TiVFe系合金加工困难的问题。

Description

一种铁基复相环保储氢材料 技术领域
本发明涉及新能源材料技术领域，特别涉及一种铁基复相环保储氢材料。
背景技术
储氢材料在高科技领域中占有日益重要的位置。美国能源部(DOE)用于氢储存方面的研究经费约占氢能研究经费的50％，并于1992年10月24日通过了“国家能源政策议案”；日本政府制定了1993～2020年“新阳光计划”；我国也高度重视储氢材料的研究与开发，在国家“863”计划和“973”计划中，都把储氢材料作为重点研究领域之一，这将对二十一世纪新能源的开发利用产生巨大的推动作用。
许多金属和合金在一定条件下可以与氢气反应形成金属氢化物，但作为优良的储氢材料，需要满足一些特定的性能，主要包括：在合适的温度和压力范围下，储放氢量大；氢化物的生成焓一般在-29～-46kJ·mol -1(H 2)之间。储氢应用时，生成焓要小；储热应用时，生成焓应该大；具有较平坦和较宽的平衡压力平台区；具有合适的平衡氢压。储氢应用时，室温附近分解压宜为：0.2-0.3MPa；容易活化，反应动力学性能好，且滞后性小(滞后现象就是指金属或合金吸收、释氢过程中出现的平衡氢压差现象)；再生能力强，即：经过多次吸氢、放氢循环后，其性能衰减较小；耐氧化腐蚀能力好；有效导热率大；原料丰富，成本便宜。
公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种铁基复相环保储氢材料，从而克服现有技术的缺点。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种铁基复相环保储氢材料，其特征在于：铁基复相环保储氢材料是由如下方法制备的：提供Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料；按照预设化学式对Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行称重；将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼，得到地第一TiVFe合金锭；对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理；对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制，得到第二TiVFe合金锭；对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理；对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制，得到第三TiVFe合金锭；对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理。
优选地，上述技术方案中，其中，预设化学式为：Ti aV 100-a-b-c-x-yFe bZr cGd xCe y，其中，a＝9-10，b＝10-12，c＝2-3，x＝0.5-1，y＝1-1.3。
优选地，上述技术方案中，将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼具体为：真空度低于0.01Pa，熔炼时间为100-150min，在熔炼过程中，每熔炼200-300s将合金锭进行一次翻转。
优选地，上述技术方案中，对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为800-900℃，热处理时间为10-12h，升温速率为50-60℃/min。
优选地，上述技术方案中，对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制具体为：轧制温度为400-500℃，压下量为40-45％，轧制速度为0.3-0.4m/s。
优选地，上述技术方案中，对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为700-800℃，热处理时间为5-6h，升温速率为50-60℃/min。
优选地，上述技术方案中，对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制具体为：轧制温度为400-500℃，压下量为50-55％，轧制速度为0.7-0.9m/s。
优选地，上述技术方案中，对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理具体为：热处理气氛为氢气，热处理温度为400-500℃，热处理时间为15-20h，升温速率为50-60℃/min。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：参照背景技术中提到的对于储氢材料的普遍要求可以知道，优良的储氢材料一般要求材料耐氧化腐蚀能力好、有效导热率大、原料丰富、成本便宜。符合这些要求的一类储氢材料就是TiVFe系储氢材料。这类合金的化学性质稳定，相比于Mg系储氢材料而言，耐腐蚀能力更强，并且原料来源更丰富，成本更低。但是目前TiVFe系储氢材料仍然存在以下问题：加工成型困难，由于该系合金在熔炼之后将形成某些金属间化合物，导致合金脆性较大，在机加工过程中极易发生合金的断裂和内部微观裂纹，这将导致合金储氢能力的下降。此外，该系合金储氢能力偏低。为了解决上述问题，本发明提出了一种机加工之后的铁基复相环保储氢材料，通过热处理和轧制交替进行的方法，本申请能够将合金锭轧制到原始尺寸的10％左右，随后只需要将合金板材周围的毛刺去掉，即可得到直接可用的合金板材，在这个过程中，合金内部产生裂纹数量较少，合金性能不会受到极大的影响，解决了TiVFe系合金加工困难的问题。
具体实施方式
提供以下实施方式是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
实施例1
铁基复相环保储氢材料是由如下方法制备的：提供Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料；按照预设化学式对Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行称重；将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼，得到地第一TiVFe合金锭；对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理；对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制，得到第二TiVFe合金锭；对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理；对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进 行第二轧制，得到第三TiVFe合金锭；对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理。其中，预设化学式为：Ti aV 100-a-b-c-x-yFe bZr cGd xCe y，其中，a＝9，b＝10，c＝2，x＝0.5，y＝1。将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼具体为：真空度低于0.01Pa，熔炼时间为100min，在熔炼过程中，每熔炼200s将合金锭进行一次翻转。对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为800℃，热处理时间为10h，升温速率为50℃/min。对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制具体为：轧制温度为400℃，压下量为40％，轧制速度为0.3m/s。对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为700℃，热处理时间为5h，升温速率为50℃/min。对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制具体为：轧制温度为400℃，压下量为50％，轧制速度为0.7m/s。对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理具体为：热处理气氛为氢气，热处理温度为400℃，热处理时间为15h，升温速率为50℃/min。
实施例2
铁基复相环保储氢材料是由如下方法制备的：提供Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料；按照预设化学式对Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行称重；将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼，得到地第一TiVFe合金锭；对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理；对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制，得到第二TiVFe合金锭；对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理；对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制，得到第三TiVFe合金锭；对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理。其中，预设化学式为：Ti aV 100-a-b-c-x-yFe bZr cGd xCe y，其中，a＝10，b＝12，c＝3，x＝1，y＝1.3。将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼具体为：真空度低于0.01Pa，熔炼时间为150min，在熔炼过程中，每熔炼200-300s将合金锭进行一次翻转。对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为900℃，热处理时间为12h，升温速率为60℃/min。对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制具体为：轧制温度为500℃，压下量为45％，轧制速度为0.4m/s。对第二TiVFe 合金锭进行第二热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为800℃，热处理时间为6h，升温速率为60℃/min。对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制具体为：轧制温度为500℃，压下量为55％，轧制速度为0.9m/s。对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理具体为：热处理气氛为氢气，热处理温度为500℃，热处理时间为20h，升温速率为60℃/min。
实施例3
铁基复相环保储氢材料是由如下方法制备的：提供Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料；按照预设化学式对Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行称重；将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼，得到地第一TiVFe合金锭；对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理；对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制，得到第二TiVFe合金锭；对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理；对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制，得到第三TiVFe合金锭；对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理。其中，预设化学式为：Ti aV 100-a-b-c-x-yFe bZr cGd xCe y，其中，a＝9.5，b＝11，c＝2.5，x＝0.8，y＝1.1。将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼具体为：真空度低于0.01Pa，熔炼时间为120min，在熔炼过程中，每熔炼250s将合金锭进行一次翻转。对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为850℃，热处理时间为11h，升温速率为55℃/min。对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制具体为：轧制温度为450℃，压下量为42％，轧制速度为0.35m/s。对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为750℃，热处理时间为5.5h，升温速率为55℃/min。对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制具体为：轧制温度为450℃，压下量为52％，轧制速度为0.8m/s。对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理具体为：热处理气氛为氢气，热处理温度为450℃，热处理时间为18h，升温速率为55℃/min。
实施例4
铁基复相环保储氢材料是由如下方法制备的：提供Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料；按照预设化学式对Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料 进行称重；将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼，得到地第一TiVFe合金锭；对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理；对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制，得到第二TiVFe合金锭；对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理；对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制，得到第三TiVFe合金锭；对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理。其中，预设化学式为：Ti aV 100-a-b-c-x-yFe bZr cGd xCe y，其中，a＝12，b＝8，c＝1，x＝0.2，y＝0.5。将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼具体为：真空度低于0.01Pa，熔炼时间为120min，在熔炼过程中，每熔炼250s将合金锭进行一次翻转。对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为850℃，热处理时间为11h，升温速率为55℃/min。对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制具体为：轧制温度为450℃，压下量为42％，轧制速度为0.35m/s。对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为750℃，热处理时间为5.5h，升温速率为55℃/min。对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制具体为：轧制温度为450℃，压下量为52％，轧制速度为0.8m/s。对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理具体为：热处理气氛为氢气，热处理温度为450℃，热处理时间为18h，升温速率为55℃/min。
实施例5
铁基复相环保储氢材料是由如下方法制备的：提供Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以铁基复相环保储氢材料是由如下方法制备的：提供Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料；按照预设化学式对Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行称重；将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼，得到地第一TiVFe合金锭；对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理；对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制，得到第二TiVFe合金锭；对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理；对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制，得到第三TiVFe合金锭；对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理。其中，预设化学式为：Ti aV 100-a-b-c-x-yFe bZr cGd xCe y，其中，a＝9.5，b＝11，c＝2.5，x＝0.8，y＝1.1。将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空 熔炼具体为：真空度低于0.01Pa，熔炼时间为80min，在熔炼过程中，每熔炼200-300s将合金锭进行一次翻转。对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为1000℃，热处理时间为8h，升温速率为40℃/min。对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制具体为：轧制温度为300℃，压下量为30％，轧制速度为0.5m/s。对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为750℃，热处理时间为5.5h，升温速率为55℃/min。对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制具体为：轧制温度为450℃，压下量为52％，轧制速度为0.8m/s。对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理具体为：热处理气氛为氢气，热处理温度为450℃，热处理时间为18h，升温速率为55℃/min。
实施例6
铁基复相环保储氢材料是由如下方法制备的：提供Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料；按照预设化学式对Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行称重；将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼，得到地第一TiVFe合金锭；对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理；对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制，得到第二TiVFe合金锭；对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理；对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制，得到第三TiVFe合金锭；对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理。其中，预设化学式为：Ti aV 100-a-b-c-x-yFe bZr cGd xCe y，其中，a＝9.5，b＝11，c＝2.5，x＝0.8，y＝1.1。将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼具体为：真空度低于0.01Pa，熔炼时间为120min，在熔炼过程中，每熔炼250s将合金锭进行一次翻转。对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为850℃，热处理时间为11h，升温速率为55℃/min。对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制具体为：轧制温度为450℃，压下量为42％，轧制速度为0.35m/s。对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为900℃，热处理时间为8h，升温速率为80℃/min。对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制具体为：轧制温度为600℃，压下量为60％，轧制速度为0.5m/s。 对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理具体为：热处理气氛为氢气，热处理温度为450℃，热处理时间为18h，升温速率为55℃/min。
实施例7
铁基复相环保储氢材料是由如下方法制备的：提供Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料；按照预设化学式对Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行称重；将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼，得到地第一TiVFe合金锭；对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理；对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制，得到第二TiVFe合金锭；对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理；对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制，得到第三TiVFe合金锭；对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理。其中，预设化学式为：Ti aV 100-a-b-c-x-yFe bZr cGd xCe y，其中，a＝9.5，b＝11，c＝2.5，x＝0.8，y＝1.1。将称重之后的Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼具体为：真空度低于0.01Pa，熔炼时间为120min，在熔炼过程中，每熔炼250s将合金锭进行一次翻转。对第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为850℃，热处理时间为11h，升温速率为55℃/min。对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制具体为：轧制温度为450℃，压下量为42％，轧制速度为0.35m/s。对第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为750℃，热处理时间为5.5h，升温速率为55℃/min。对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制具体为：轧制温度为450℃，压下量为52％，轧制速度为0.8m/s。对第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理具体为：热处理气氛为氢气，热处理温度为350℃，热处理时间为30h，升温速率为40℃/min。
对实施例1-7进行吸氢质量百分数测试和断裂韧性测试，测试方式是本领域公知的方式，测试结果基于实施例1进行归一化，测试结果列于表1。
表1
  吸氢质量百分数 断裂韧性
实施例1 100％ 100％
实施例2 100％ 106％
实施例3 105％ 107％
实施例4 58％ 74％
实施例5 72％ 53％
实施例6 70％ 59％
实施例7 78％ 58％
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式，并且很显然，根据上述教导，可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种铁基复相环保储氢材料，其特征在于：所述铁基复相环保储氢材料是由如下方法制备的：
    提供Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料；
    按照预设化学式对所述Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行称重；
    将称重之后的所述Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼，得到地第一TiVFe合金锭；
    对所述第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理；
    对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制，得到第二TiVFe合金锭；
    对所述第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理；
    对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制，得到第三TiVFe合金锭；
    对所述第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的铁基复相环保储氢材料，其特征在于：其中，所述预设化学式为：Ti aV 100-a-b-c-x-yFe bZr cGd xCe y，其中，a＝9-10，b＝10-12，c＝2-3，x＝0.5-1，y＝1-1.3。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的铁基复相环保储氢材料，其特征在于：将称重之后的所述Ti、V、Fe、Zr、Ce以及Gd金属原料进行真空熔炼具体为：真空度低于0.01Pa，熔炼时间为100-150min，在熔炼过程中，每熔炼200-300s将合金锭进行一次翻转。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的铁基复相环保储氢材料，其特征在于：对所述第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为800-900℃，热处理时间为10-12h，升温速率为50-60℃/min。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的铁基复相环保储氢材料，其特征在于：对第一热处理之后的第一TiVFe合金锭进行第一轧制具体为：轧制温度为400-500℃，压下量为40-45％，轧制速度为0.3-0.4m/s。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的铁基复相环保储氢材料，其特征在于：对所述第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二热处理具体为：热处理气压低于0.01Pa，热处理温度为700-800℃，热处理时间为5-6h，升温速率为50-60℃/min。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的铁基复相环保储氢材料，其特征在于：对第二热处理之后的第二TiVFe合金锭进行第二轧制具体为：轧制温度为400-500℃，压下量为50-55％，轧制速度为0.7-0.9m/s。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的铁基复相环保储氢材料，其特征在于：对所述第三TiVFe合金锭进行第三热处理具体为：热处理气氛为氢气，热处理温度为400-500℃，热处理时间为15-20h，升温速率为50-60℃/min。
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