WO2020001508A1 - 一种用于储能单元充冷的控制方法及充冷装置 - Google Patents

一种用于储能单元充冷的控制方法及充冷装置 Download PDF

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WO2020001508A1
WO2020001508A1 PCT/CN2019/093131 CN2019093131W WO2020001508A1 WO 2020001508 A1 WO2020001508 A1 WO 2020001508A1 CN 2019093131 W CN2019093131 W CN 2019093131W WO 2020001508 A1 WO2020001508 A1 WO 2020001508A1
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Prior art keywords
cooling
charging
cold
liquid
storage unit
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PCT/CN2019/093131
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廖良金
丁玉龙
胡晓微
聂彬剑
童山虎
李春海
李子潇
刘顺潮
张贝
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中车石家庄车辆有限公司
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Publication of WO2020001508A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020001508A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3201—Cooling devices using absorption or adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P3/00—Vehicles adapted to transport, to carry or to comprise special loads or objects
    • B60P3/20—Refrigerated goods vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D13/00—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a thermal insulation transportation system, in particular to a control method and a cooling and charging device for charging and cooling an energy storage unit.
  • Fresh products such as vegetables and fruits, processed foods such as frozen foods and dairy products, and various types of injections, medicaments, vaccines and other pharmaceutical products should always be in the specified temperature environment during production, storage, transportation, and sales, and in all links before consumption.
  • the storage and transportation of these items must rely on special equipment, and the temperature maintained in the special equipment varies with the types of items being transported. In order to guarantee the specified temperature in the special equipment, the special equipment needs a charging and cooling device to charge and cool it.
  • Patent CN102183114A discloses a method for charging and cooling cold storage materials, which includes the following steps: (1) Low temperature operation charging and cooling conditions: the refrigerant in the condenser enters the evaporator through the first expansion valve to evaporate and absorb heat. Under the control of a temperature controller, the system operates at the set time and temperature, and the cold storage material is efficiently charged and cooled with a low temperature environment and a large temperature difference; (2) High temperature operation eliminates subcooling conditions: stop the compressor Run, stop the condenser, the electric heating compensation element is powered on, and under the control of the second temperature controller, run at about 2 ° C below the phase transition temperature of the cold storage material, so that the temperature in the thermal insulation box rises to the user's level.
  • Constant temperature standby condition power off the electric heating compensation element
  • the compressor works under the control of the second temperature controller, opens the second solenoid valve, and expands the second expansion valve.
  • the valve is opened, the refrigerant in the condenser enters the evaporator through the first expansion valve and the second expansion valve to evaporate heat, and the system operates at the set box temperature.
  • the charging and cooling conditions of this patent have no control of the charging and cooling time, and cannot be reasonably charged and cooled according to the use requirements.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a control method and a cooling device for charging and cooling of an energy storage unit.
  • the charging time is determined according to preset charging and cooling conditions, and can realize charging and cooling on demand.
  • control method for charging and cooling an energy storage unit.
  • the control method includes the following steps:
  • a connecting step connecting the charging and cooling device with the energy storage unit
  • the charging and cooling device charges the energy storage unit for a first period of time, and the first period of time is determined based on a preset charging and cooling condition.
  • the preset conditions provided by the invention control the cooling time of the energy storage unit to cool the energy storage unit, and can reasonably control the cooling time according to the needs of different energy storage units.
  • the preset conditions provided by the invention control the cooling time of the energy storage unit to cool the energy storage unit, and can reasonably control the cooling time according to the needs of different energy storage units.
  • the preset condition is the difference between the temperature of the cold carrier liquid at the outlet of the cooling and cooling device and the temperature of the cold carrier liquid at the return port of the cooling and cooling device.
  • the energy storage unit is described.
  • the phase change material has completed cold storage.
  • the charging and cooling conditions are parameters that characterize the charging and cooling state of the energy storage unit.
  • the preset charging and cooling condition is a difference between a temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the energy storage unit and a temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the energy storage unit.
  • the preset charging and cooling condition is a predetermined degree of saturation capacity of the energy storage unit for charging and cooling.
  • the preset charging and cooling conditions are predetermined working requirements of the energy storage unit.
  • the predetermined work requirement is determined according to the path planning data given by the path planning module of the energy storage unit, the path planning data includes cooling time data and / or cooling capacity data, and the cooling and cooling device receives the path planning data, which can achieve On-demand charging and cooling, while satisfying the charging and cooling requirements, avoid unnecessary waste of cooling capacity.
  • the method further includes a cooling start step.
  • the cooling step is started.
  • the method further includes setting a cooling temperature of the cooling liquid of the cooling device.
  • the method further includes a cooling step of refrigerating the cooling and charging device for a second period, and the second period is determined according to a temperature of the cooling liquid of the cooling and charging device.
  • the method further includes an accelerated cooling step, in which the efficiency of uniform cooling of the cooling liquid in the cooling and charging device is improved.
  • the charging and cooling step and the cooling step are performed simultaneously or separately.
  • the charging and cooling steps are performed simultaneously with the cooling step, that is, direct cooling, which can realize the fast charging function. Separating the charging and cooling steps from the cooling steps can achieve pre-cooling.
  • the cooling can be performed at the bottom of the electricity valley, and then the energy storage unit can be cooled. Energy consumption.
  • the temperature of the cold carrier liquid is an average value of the measurement temperatures obtained at a plurality of measurement points in the charging and cooling device.
  • the charging and cooling device stops cooling.
  • Different refrigerating liquid cooling temperatures can be set according to the transportation needs of different goods.
  • the refrigeration step further includes a failure detection step.
  • a failure detection step When the pressure of the compressor of the cooling and cooling device exceeds a preset range, it is determined that a failure occurs and the refrigeration step is stopped.
  • a charging and cooling device for charging and cooling an energy storage unit.
  • the charging and cooling device includes an internal circulation device, an external circulation device, and a liquid storage device.
  • the cold carrier liquid that meets the predetermined requirements is output for use, and the used cold carrier liquid to be cooled is transmitted to the liquid storage device, and the external circulation device is used to receive the cold carrier liquid to be cooled from the liquid storage device and
  • the cooling liquid that meets the predetermined requirements is transmitted to the liquid storage device, which is characterized in that the charging and cooling device further includes a control device that controls the charging and cooling device to charge the energy storage unit for a first period of time, and the first period is based on a preset charging and cooling Conditions are OK.
  • the charging and cooling device includes a plurality of first temperature measuring probes, the first temperature measuring probe measures the temperature of the cold carrier liquid at different positions in the liquid storage device, and the control device determines the cooling capacity of the cold charging device according to the average temperature of the cold carrier liquid. The second period.
  • the liquid storage device includes a cooling water outlet and a cooling water return for the internal circulation device, and a cooling inlet and a cooling outlet for the external circulation device.
  • the cooling and cooling device includes a plurality of second temperature measuring probes. The temperature measuring probe measures the temperature of the cold liquid charge inlet and the cold liquid charge outlet, respectively.
  • the control device determines the cold charge device to charge the energy storage unit according to the temperature difference between the cold liquid charge inlet and the cold liquid charge outlet. First period.
  • the cooling and cooling device further comprises a state monitoring module for detecting the cooling capacity, and the control device controls the start of the cooling step of the cooling and cooling device according to the cooling capacity data detected by the state monitoring module.
  • the external circulation device includes an external circulation pipeline, an external circulation pump, and a first valve, a second valve, and a third valve that control the external circulation pipeline.
  • the internal circulation device includes an internal circulation pipeline, an internal circulation pump, and a control.
  • the fourth valve and the fifth valve of the inner circulation pipeline, the control device controls the first valve to communicate with the cold liquid charge inlet and the cold liquid charge outlet of the external circulation device and the external circulation pump when the cooling and cooling device performs accelerated cooling.
  • a charging and cooling method and a charging and cooling device with controllable charging and cooling time are provided.
  • the charging and cooling period is determined by preset conditions.
  • the charging and cooling method can meet the needs of charging and cooling while avoiding impacts. Too much cooling capacity can be used to achieve reasonable cooling capacity.
  • the temperature of the cold carrier liquid in the charging and cooling device of the present invention can be adjusted, and cooling at different preset cooling temperatures can be achieved, which meets the needs of transportation of different goods.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of charging and cooling an energy storage unit according to a cooling and cooling device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging and cooling device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid storage device of a charging and cooling device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cycle diagram of the cooling liquid charging and cooling according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for controlling charging and cooling of an energy storage unit according to the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the cooling steps of the cooling and cooling device according to the present invention.
  • 111 cold liquid charge and cold inlet
  • 112 cold liquid charge and cold outlet
  • 113 cold liquid charge water outlet
  • 114 cold liquid charge water return
  • 115 first temperature probe
  • 116 alarm
  • 117 Liquid discharge and drainage port
  • 121 first valve
  • 122 second valve
  • 123 third valve
  • 124 fourth valve
  • 125 fifth valve
  • 126 second temperature probe
  • 127 external circulation pump
  • 128 internal circulation pump;
  • the control method of the present invention is a control method for charging and cooling the energy storage unit 2 by a charging and cooling device.
  • the charging and cooling device 1 communicates with the energy storage unit 2 through a pipeline 3.
  • the energy storage in this embodiment is Unit 2 is located in the container of the container 4 and can also be located in the heat preservation vehicle of the transport vehicle, in the mobile cold storage room, and in the freezer cabinet.
  • the cooling and cooling device 1 is located on the cooling and cooling vehicle frame.
  • the cooling and cooling device 1 can also be a cooling and cooling container. Either a cold pile or a cooling station.
  • the charging and cooling vehicle is connected to the container 4 through the pipeline 3, and can simultaneously charge and cool multiple containers 4 in parallel, and can be opened and closed arbitrarily according to the conditions of each container 4.
  • the cold-charged car and the container 4 can be set independently, which reduces the equipment failure rate in the transportation link of the container 4 and facilitates maintenance.
  • the charging and cooling device 1 includes a liquid storage device 11, a refrigeration unit 12, and an external circulation storage box 13.
  • the liquid storage device 11 is an insulation box filled with cold liquid inside;
  • the refrigeration unit 12 includes a refrigeration compressor, a pressure gauge, a high pressure relay, a low pressure relay, a PLC control device, etc .;
  • an outer circulation storage box 13 is a storage compartment for storing External pipes, valves, pumps, etc. of the cooling and cooling device.
  • the tank of the liquid storage device 11 is provided with a cold carrier liquid charging inlet 111, a cold carrier liquid cooling outlet 112, a cold carrier cooling water outlet 113, and a cold carrier cooling water return 114 for the container 4.
  • the alarm device 116 and the liquid discharge and dirt removal port 117 provided at the bottom of the box body.
  • the cold-charged liquid cooling inlet 111, cold-charged liquid cooling outlet 112, cold-cooled liquid outlet 113, and cold-cooled liquid return 114 are located at different positions in the water tank, which can maximize the overall efficiency of cooling and cooling.
  • the liquid storage device 11 is provided with a plurality of temperature measurement points in the box.
  • Each temperature measurement point is provided with a first temperature measuring probe 115, which can measure the temperature of the different positions of the carrier liquid, so that the liquid storage device 11 can be obtained.
  • the average temperature of the coolant is also designed in the liquid storage device 11. When the cold liquid level in the liquid storage device 11 is low, the alarm 116 issues an alarm.
  • the method for charging and cooling the container 4 by the flushing vehicle includes a cooling step Z of the cold liquid carried in the liquid storage device 11 and a cooling step C of filling the cold liquid into the container 4.
  • a cooling step Z of the cold liquid carried in the liquid storage device 11 There are two types of charging and cooling methods: indirect charging and cooling, that is, the cooling step Z and charging and cooling step C are separated. After a large amount of cold liquid is cooled in the charging and cooling vehicle, multiple containers 4 are charged and cooled. Indirect charging and cooling can use the bottom of the electric valley to cool the cold carrier liquid. After the cooling, the cold carrier liquid is kept in the liquid storage device 11, which is a thermal insulation box, which can ensure that the temperature of the cold liquid is basically constant within a certain period of time.
  • the container 4 When the energy storage unit 2 in the container 4 has a demand for charging and cooling, the container 4 is charged and cooled. Refrigerating the carrier liquid during the trough of electricity can reduce energy consumption; direct charging and cooling, that is, cooling step Z and charging and cooling steps C is performed at the same time to achieve rapid charge and cold.
  • the refrigeration unit 12 includes a control device, which can be controlled by PLC programming to start / stop the cooling step Z and start / stop the cooling step C.
  • the control device includes a PLC operation panel.
  • the charging and cooling device can be automatically controlled according to the set temperature through the operation panel, and the status information such as the temperature of each temperature measurement point, the average temperature in the liquid storage device 11 and the working pressure of the device can be viewed through the display device. ;
  • the cooling and cooling device continuously circulates the cold carrier liquid in the energy storage unit 2 in the container 4 through the PLC control device, and performs heat exchange with the cold carrier liquid in the liquid storage device 11 by this.
  • the charging and cooling step C in FIG. 4 is implemented by an external circulation device, which includes a first valve 121, an external circulation pump 127, a second valve 122, a third valve 123, and a heat preservation pipe.
  • a second temperature measuring probe 126 is also arranged in the external circulation device, and measures the temperature of the cold-charged liquid inlet and outlet and the temperature of the cold-charged liquid outlet, that is, the temperature of the cold-charged liquid before entering the container 4 and the cold-charged liquid in the container 4 The temperature after one revolution in the internal cold pipe.
  • the refrigeration step Z in FIG. 4 is realized by an internal circulation device, including a refrigeration unit 12, a liquid storage device 11, an internal circulation pump 128, a fourth valve 124, a fifth valve 125, and a pipeline. The internal circulation device improves the heat exchange of the carrier liquid Rate so that the cold carrier liquid in the liquid storage device 11 is uniformly cooled.
  • control method for charging and cooling the container 4 by the cooling and cooling device 1 is as follows:
  • the cooling capacity of the cooling and cooling device is detected by the status monitoring module in the cooling and cooling device.
  • the human-machine interactive operation of the PLC control device is performed.
  • the interface starts the refrigeration unit 12 and the internal circulation device, and sets the cooling temperature of the cold liquid carried in the liquid storage device 11.
  • the fourth valve 124, the fifth valve 125, and the refrigeration unit 12 in the internal circulation device are opened to cool the cold liquid in the liquid storage device 11.
  • Cooling When the preset cooling and cooling completion conditions are met, the cooling and cooling device stops charging and cooling the container.
  • Step 1) In starting the refrigeration, when the internal cooling capacity of the liquid storage device 11 is lower than a predetermined value, the refrigeration device may be started manually, or the refrigeration device may be automatically started through the control device.
  • the preheating and various checks in this step include the following: content:
  • the power supply system is energized, the refrigeration compressor lubricant heater starts to work, and preheat the refrigeration compressor lubricant for at least one hour; check the high pressure pressure gauge, low pressure pressure gauge, and valve If it is open, it indicates whether the pressure reading is normal. Check whether there is any leakage of refrigerant or cold liquid in the pipeline.
  • the measured temperature of the cold carrier liquid is an average value of the measured temperatures obtained at a plurality of measurement points in the liquid storage device 11, and the plurality of first temperature measuring probes 115 measure the cold load in the liquid storage device 11 at different positions.
  • the temperature of the liquid is determined by the control device according to the average temperature of the cold carrier liquid.
  • Step 6) During charging and cooling, the charging and cooling completion conditions determine the first period of time for charging and cooling device 1 to charge and store energy storage unit 2.
  • the charging and cooling completion conditions characterize the charging and cooling state of energy storage unit 2, and charging and cooling device 1
  • the method for determining the first period of charge and cold of the energy storage unit 2 includes the following three embodiments:
  • the temperature difference between the cold-charged liquid cooling inlet 111 and the cold-charged liquid cooling outlet 112 is detected to determine the first period of cold charging.
  • the charging and cooling device 1 stops charging and cooling the energy storage unit 2 in the container 4;
  • Second embodiment Detect the degree of saturation of the predetermined cooling capacity of the energy storage unit 2 to determine the first period of charging and cooling. If the predetermined amount of cooling capacity saturation of the energy storage unit 2 is reached, the charging and cooling device 1 stops feeding into the container 4 Charge and cold of the energy storage unit 2;
  • the first time period for charging and cooling is determined according to the predetermined working requirement of the energy storage unit 2.
  • the working requirement is determined according to the path planning data given by the path planning module of the energy storage unit 2.
  • the path planning data includes the charging and cooling time data. And / or cooling capacity data.
  • the above steps 1), 2), and 3) are the cooling step Z, and the above steps 4), 5), and 6) are the cooling step C, and the cooling step C and the cooling step Z may be performed simultaneously or separately.
  • the cooling step Z also includes a failure detection step. When the compressor pressure in the refrigeration unit 12 exceeds a preset range, the PLC control device determines that a failure has occurred and the cooling step stops.
  • Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the refrigeration steps.
  • the shutdown temperature can be set through the human-machine interactive operation interface of the PLC control device, such as entering the set refrigeration temperature T 1 and simultaneously
  • the PLC control device monitors the average temperature T 0 of the cold liquid in the liquid storage device 11 in real time. If T 1 ⁇ T 0 , the refrigeration unit 12 will stop working. In order for the refrigeration compressor to be in a normal working state, it is necessary to determine whether the pressure of the compressor is normal.
  • the PLC control device controls the working state of the refrigeration unit 12 according to the judgment result.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant cooling liquid and the compressor pressure determine the refrigeration unit 12 In the working state, when the high and low oil pressure of the compressor is not within the normal pressure range, the refrigeration unit 12 is stopped, and the system will display the specific cause on the man-machine interactive operation interface. At this time, the cooling and cooling device 1 needs to be shut down for maintenance. Recharge the cooling equipment.
  • the charging and cooling time for the container to be cooled by the charging and cooling device is determined according to the preset charging and cooling conditions, and the cooling temperature of the cooling liquid in the charging and cooling device can be adjusted, which can meet the transportation requirements of different containers, and simultaneously Achieve reasonable control of cooling time according to the needs of different containers, while avoiding the waste of cooling capacity while meeting the cooling demand.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种充冷装置（1）给储能单元（2）充冷的控制方法，控制方法包括如下步骤，充冷启动步骤，启动充冷装置（1）；连通步骤，将充冷装置（1）与储能单元相连接；充冷步骤，充冷装置（1）向储能单元充冷第一时段，第一时段基于预设的充冷条件确定。控制方法基于预设的充冷条件控制充冷时长，能够根据不同储能单元的需求合理充冷。

Description

一种用于储能单元充冷的控制方法及充冷装置 技术领域
本发明涉及保温运输系统，具体而言，涉及一种给储能单元充冷的控制方法及充冷装置。
背景技术
蔬菜、水果等鲜活品，速冻食品奶制品等加工食品和各类针剂、药剂、疫苗等医药品在生产、贮藏运输、销售，到消费前的各个环节中应该始终处于规定的温度环境下。这些物品的贮藏运输必须依靠专用设备，随着运输物品种类的不同，专用设备内保持的温度不同。为了保障专用设备内的规定温度，专用设备需要充冷装置为其充冷。
专利CN102183114A公开了一种蓄冷材料的充冷方法，其包括如下步骤：(1)低温运行充冷工况：冷凝器中的制冷剂通过第一膨胀阀进入到蒸发器中蒸发吸热，在第一温控器的控制下，系统在设定的时间和温度下运行，以低温环境和较大的温差对蓄冷材料进行高效充冷；(2)高温运行消除过冷工况：将压缩机停止运转，将冷凝器停止工作，电热补偿元件通电工作，并在第二温控器的控制下，在低于蓄冷材料的相变温度2℃左右运行使得保温箱体内的温度升至使用者在所述电控箱上的设定值；(3)恒温待用工况：将电热补偿元件断电，压缩机在第二温控器的控制下工作，将第二电磁阀开启，将第二膨胀阀开通，冷凝器中的制冷剂通过第一膨胀阀和第二膨胀阀进入蒸发器蒸发吸热，系统在设定的箱温下运行。然而，该专利的充冷工况没有充冷时间控制，不能根据使用需求合理充冷。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种用于储能单元充冷的控制方法及充冷装置，充冷时间根据预设的充冷条件确定，能够实现按需充冷。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种充冷装置给储能单元充冷的控制方法，控制方法包括如下步骤：
充冷启动步骤，启动充冷装置；
连通步骤，将充冷装置与储能单元相连接；
充冷步骤，充冷装置向储能单元充冷第一时段，第一时段基于预设的充冷条件确定。该发明提供的预设条件控制充冷装置给储能单元充冷的时间，能够根据不同储能单元的需求合理控制充冷时间。该发明提供的预设条件控制充冷装置给储能单元充冷的时间，能够根据不同储能单元的需求合理控制充冷时间。
以下是本发明对上述方案的进一步优化：
进一步的，预设条件是充冷装置的出口处的载冷液的温度与充冷装置的回流口的载冷液温度的差值，当温度差值满足设定值时，说明储能单元内的相变材料已完成蓄冷。
进一步的，充冷条件是表征储能单元的充冷状态参数。
进一步的，预设充冷条件是储能单元的进口处的载冷液的温度与储能单元的出口处的载冷液温度的差值。
进一步的，预设充冷条件是储能单元充冷的预定的冷量容量饱和程度。
进一步的，预设充冷条件是储能单元预定的工作需求。
进一步的，预定的工作需求根据的储能单元的路径规划模块给出的路径规划数据确定，路径规划数据包括充冷时间数据和/或充冷量数据，充冷装置接受路径规划数据，能够实现按需充冷，在满足充冷需要的同时避免了不必要的冷量浪费。
进一步的，还包括制冷启动步骤，充冷装置的冷量低于预定值时，启动制冷步骤。
进一步的，在制冷启动步骤中，还包括设定充冷装置的载冷液的制冷温度。
进一步的，还包括制冷步骤，将充冷装置制冷第二时段，第二时段根据充冷装置的载冷液的温度确定。
进一步的，还包括加速制冷步骤，在加速制冷步骤中，提高充冷装置内的载冷液的均匀制冷的效率。
进一步的，充冷步骤与制冷步骤同时进行或分开进行。充冷步骤与制冷步骤同时进行即直接制冷，能够实现快充功能，充冷步骤与制冷步骤分开进行能够实现前置式制冷，可在用电谷底先行制冷，再对储能单元充冷，节约能耗。
进一步的，载冷液的温度为充冷装置内的多个测量点处获取的测量温度的平均值。
进一步的，在制冷步骤中当载冷液的温度达到设定的制冷温度后，充冷装置停止制冷。可以根据不同货物的运输需求，设置不同的制冷液制冷温度。
进一步的，在制冷步骤中，还包括故障检测步骤，当充冷装置的压缩机的压力超出预设范围时，判断出现故障，制冷步骤停止。
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种用于储能单元充冷的充冷装置，包括内循环装置、外循环装置、和储液装置，内循环装置用于将来自储液装置的符合预定要求的载冷液输出以供使用，并将使用后的待制冷的载冷液传输至储液装置，外循环装置用于从储液装置接收待制冷的载冷液并将制冷后的符合预定要求的载冷液传输至储液装置，其特征在于，充冷装置还包括控制装置，控制装置控制充冷装置向储能单元充冷第一时段，第一时段基于预设的充冷条件确定。
以下是对上述方案的进一步优化：
进一步的，充冷装置包括多个第一测温探头，第一测温探头测量储液装置内不同位置的载冷液的温度，控制装置根据载冷液的温度平均值确定充冷装置制冷的第二时段。
进一步的，储液装置包括用于内循环装置的制冷出水口和制冷回水口，以及用于外循环装置的充冷进口和充冷出口，充冷装置包括多个第二测温探头，第二测温探头分别测量载冷液充冷进口和载冷液充冷出口的温度，控制装置根据载冷液充冷进口和载冷液充冷出口的温度差确定充冷装置向储能单元充冷的第一时段。
进一步的，充冷装置还包括检测冷量的状态监测模块，控制装置根据状态监测模块检测的冷量数据控制充冷装置的制冷步骤的启动。
进一步的，外循环装置包括外循环管路、外循环泵、和控制外循环管路的第一阀门、第二阀门、第三阀门，内循环装置包括内循环管路、内循环泵、和控制内循环管路的第四阀门、第五阀门，控制装置在充冷装置进行加速制冷时控制第一阀门连通外循环装置的载冷液充冷进口和载冷液充冷出口、外循环泵。
应用本发明的技术方案，提供了一种充冷时间可控的充冷方法及充冷装置，其充冷时段由预设条件决定，该充冷方法在满足充冷需要的同时，避免了冲入过多的冷量，能够实现冷量的合理应用。而且本发明的充冷装置内的载冷液温度可调控，能够实现不同预设的制冷温度的制冷，满足了不同货物的运输的需求。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的充冷装置给储能单元充冷的结构示意图；
图2是根据本发明的充冷装置的结构示意图；
图3是根据本发明的充冷装置储液装置的结构示意图；
图4是根据本发明的载冷液充冷循环图；
图5是根据本发明的储能单元充冷的控制方法流程图；
图6是根据本发明的充冷装置制冷步骤流程图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
1：充冷装置，2：储能单元，3：管路，4：集装箱；
11：储液装置，12：制冷机组，13：外循环存储箱；
111：载冷液充冷进口，112：载冷液充冷出口，113：载冷液制冷出水口，114：载冷液制冷回水口，115：第一测温探头，116：报警器，117：放液清污口，121：第一阀门，122：第二 阀门，123：第三阀门，124：第四阀门，125：第五阀门，126：第二测温探头，127：外循环泵，128：内循环泵；
Z：制冷步骤，C：充冷步骤。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述，这些实施例不能理解为限制本发明所要求保护的范围。术语“包括”在使用时表明存在特征、步骤，但不排除存在或增加一个或多个其它特征、步骤。
本发明的控制方法是一种充冷装置给储能单元2充冷的控制方法，如图1所示，充冷装置1通过管路3与储能单元2连通，本实施例中的储能单元2位于集装箱4箱体内，也可以位于运输车保温车体内、流动冷库库体内、冷柜柜体内；充冷装置1位于充冷车车架上，充冷装置1也可以是充冷集装箱、充冷桩或充冷站中的一种。充冷车通过管路3与集装箱4连通，其可同时为多台集装箱4并联充冷，并依各集装箱4情况任意启闭。充冷车与集装箱4可独立设置，降低了集装箱4运输环节的设备故障率，方便维护保养。
如图2所示，充冷装置1包括：储液装置11、制冷机组12、外循环存储箱13。储液装置11是内部充满载冷液的保温箱体；制冷机组12包括制冷压缩机、压力表、高压继电器、低压继电器、PLC控制装置等；外循环存储箱13是一个存储格，用于存放充冷装置的外接管路、阀门、水泵等。
如图3所示，储液装置11箱体设置有为集装箱4的载冷液充冷进口111、载冷液充冷出口112、载冷液制冷出水口113、载冷液制冷回水口114、报警器116及设置在箱体底部的放液清污口117。载冷液充冷进口111、载冷液充冷出口112、载冷液制冷出水口113及载冷液制冷回水口114位于水箱内不同位置，可最大程度上使得制冷、充冷总体效率高，且储液装置11内设置有多个箱内测温点，每个测温点处布置有第一测温探头115，可测量载冷液不同位置的温度，从而能够得出储液装置11内载冷液的平均温度。储液装置11内还设计有报警器116，当储液装置11内载冷液液位较低时，报警器116发出警报。
如图4所示，冲冷车向集装箱4充冷方法包括储液装置11内载冷液的制冷步骤Z和将载冷液充入集装箱4的充冷步骤C。充冷方法分为两种：间接充冷，即制冷步骤Z和充冷步骤C分离，在充冷车内大量载冷液制冷之后，再对多个集装箱4进行充冷。间接充冷可在用电谷底给载冷液进行制冷，制冷完成后的载冷液保温在储液装置11中，储液装置11为保温箱，能够保证一定时间内载冷液温度基本不变，当集装箱4内的储能单元2有充冷需求时再对集装箱4进行充冷，在用电低谷期给载冷液制冷可以减少能耗；直接充冷，即制冷步骤Z和充冷步骤C同时进行，可实现快速充冷。
制冷机组12包括控制装置，可通过PLC编程控制制冷步骤Z启/停、充冷步骤C启/停。控制装置包括PLC操作面板，可通过操作面板实现充冷装置按照设定的温度进行自动控制，也可通过显示设备查看各个测温点温度、储液装置11内平均温度及设备工作压力等状态信息；充冷装置通过PLC控制装置使载冷液在集装箱4内的储能单元2中不断地循环流动，并以此与储液装置11中的载冷液进行热交换。
图4中充冷步骤C由外循环装置实现，包括第一阀门121、外循环泵127、第二阀门122、第三阀门123及保温管道。在该外循环装置中还布置有第二测温探头126，测量载冷液充冷进口温度和载冷液充冷出口温度，即测量载冷液进入集装箱4前的温度及载冷液在集装箱4内充冷管道中流转一圈后的温度。图4中制冷步骤Z由内循环装置实现，包括制冷机组12、储液装置11、内循环泵128、第四阀门124、第五阀门125、管道，该内循环装置提高载冷液的热交换速率，使得储液装置11内的载冷液均匀制冷。
如图5所示，充冷装置1给集装箱4充冷的控制方法如下：
1)启动制冷：通过充冷装置内的状态监测模块检测充冷装置的冷量，当储液装置11中的载冷液的冷量低于预定值时，通过PLC控制装置的人机交互操作界面启动制冷机组12和内循环装置，设定储液装置11内载冷液的制冷温度。在预热与各项检查完成后，打开内循环装置中的第四阀门124、第五阀门125、制冷机组12对储液装置11内的载冷液制冷。
2)加速制冷：通过PLC控制装置的人机交互操作界面启动外循环装置，如图4所示，打开外循环装置中的第一阀门121，使外循环装置的载冷液充冷进口111、外循环泵128及载冷液充冷出口112连通，该步骤可进一步提高储液装置内载冷液均匀制冷的效率。
3)制冷：储液装置11内的多个测量点处获取的测量温度的平均值达到设定的制冷温度后，内循环装置及制冷机组12自动关闭，同时关闭外循环装置中的第一阀门121，充冷装置1完成了对储液装置11内载冷液的制冷。
4)启动充冷：并通过PLC控制装置的人机交互操作界面启动为集装箱4充冷的外循环装置。
5)连通：通过快装管路连通集装箱4，打开第二阀门122和第三阀门123。
6)充冷：当满足预先设置的充冷完成条件时，充冷装置停止对集装箱充冷。
步骤1)启动制冷中，当储液装置11内冷量低于预定值时，可手动启动制冷装置，也可通过控制装置自动启动制冷装置，该步骤中的预热与各项检查具体包括以下内容：
闭合电控箱中主断路器，供电系统通电，制冷压缩机润滑油加热器开始工作，预热制冷压缩机润滑油，预热时间至少为一个小时；检查高压压力表、低压压力表、表阀是否打开，表示压力读数是否正常，检查管路是否有制冷剂、载冷液泄露。
步骤3)制冷中，测量的载冷液温度为储液装置11内的多个测量点处获取的测量温度的平均值，多个第一测温探头115测量储液装置11内不同位置载冷液的温度，控制装置根据载冷液的温度平均值确定充冷装置1制冷的第二时段。
步骤6)中充冷中，充冷完成条件决定了充冷装置1向储能单元2充冷的第一时段，充冷完成条件表征了储能单元2的充冷状态，充冷装置1向储能单元2充冷的第一时段的确定方式包括以下三种实施例：
第一实施例：检测载冷液充冷进口111和载冷液充冷出口112的温度差以确定充冷的第一时段。用充冷装置内的第二测温探头126分别测量载冷液充冷进口111和载冷液充冷出口112的温度，当载冷液充冷进口111和载冷液充冷出口112的温度差值小于预定的数值时，充冷装置1停止给集装箱4内的储能单元2充冷；
第二实施例：检测储能单元2预定的冷量容量饱和程度以确定充冷的第一时段，如果达到了储能单元2的预定冷量容量饱和度，充冷装置1停止给集装箱4内的储能单元2充冷；
第三实施例：根据储能单元2预定的工作需求确定充冷的第一时段，其工作需求根据储能单元2的路径规划模块给出的路径规划数据确定，路径规划数据包括充冷时间数据和/或充冷量数据。
以上三种实施例可单独使用，也可结合使用。
上述步骤1)、2)、3)为制冷步骤Z，上述步骤4)、5)、6)为充冷步骤C，充冷步骤C与制冷步骤Z可同时进行或分开进行。其中制冷步骤Z还包括故障检测步骤，当制冷机组12内的压缩机压力超出预设范围时，PLC控制装置判断出现故障，制冷步骤停止。
图6为制冷步骤流程图，为制得不同温度状态下的载冷液溶液，可通过PLC控制装置的人机交互操作界面进行停机温度的设置，如输入设置的制冷温度T 1，以此同时，PLC控制装置实时监测储液装置11内载冷液的平均温度T 0，如果T 1≥T 0，制冷机组12将停止工作。为了使制冷压缩机处于正常的工作状态，需要判断压缩机的压力是否正常，PLC控制装置根据判断结果控制制冷机组12的工作状态，载冷液制冷温度和压缩机压力都决定着制冷机组12的工作状态，当压缩机高低油压不在正常压力范围内时，制冷机组12停机，系统会将具体原因显示在人机交互操作界面上，此时充冷装置1需停机检修，待检修完成后，充冷设备再重新启用。
利用本发明的控制方法，充冷装置给集装箱充冷的充冷时间根据预设充冷条件确定，且充冷装置内的载冷液制冷温度可调控，能够满足不同集装箱的运输要求，同时能够实现根据不同集装箱的需求合理控制充冷时间，在满足充冷需求的同时避免了冷量的浪费。
说明书和权利要求中公开的多个步骤和功能的公开可以不被解释为以特定的顺序，多个步骤和功能的公开不将其限定为特定的顺序，除非由于技术的原因这些步骤和功能不能互换。此外，在实施例中，单个步骤可以包括或者可以被分成多个子步骤。
说明书和权利要求中公开的方法可以实施为具有用于执行这些方法中的每个相应步骤的部件的装置。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包括在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种用于储能单元充冷的控制方法，其特征在于，所述控制方法包括如下步骤：
    充冷启动步骤，启动所述充冷装置(1)；
    连通步骤，将所述充冷装置(1)与所述储能单元(2)相连接；
    充冷步骤，所述充冷装置(1)向所述储能单元(2)充冷第一时段，所述第一时段基于预设的充冷条件确定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述充冷条件是表征储能单元(2)的充冷状态参数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述预设充冷条件是所述储能单元(2)的进口处的载冷液的温度与所述储能单元(2)的出口处的载冷液温度的差值。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述预设充冷条件是所述储能单元(2)充冷的预定的冷量容量饱和程度。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述预设充冷条件是所述储能单元(2)预定的工作需求。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述预定的工作需求根据所述的储能单元(2)的路径规划模块给出的路径规划数据确定，所述路径规划数据包括充冷时间数据和/或充冷量数据。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的控制方法，其特征在于，还包括制冷启动步骤，所述充冷装置(1)的冷量低于预定值时，启动所述制冷步骤。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的控制方法，其特征在于，在所述制冷启动步骤中，还包括设定所述充冷装置(1)的载冷液的制冷温度。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的控制方法，其特征在于，还包括制冷步骤，将所述充冷装置(1)制冷第二时段，所述第二时段根据充冷装置(1)的载冷液的温度确定。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的控制方法，其特征在于，还包括加速制冷步骤，在所述加速制冷步骤中，提高所述充冷装置内的载冷液的均匀制冷的效率。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述充冷步骤与所述制冷步骤同时进行或分开进行。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述载冷液的温度为充冷装置(1)内的多个测量点处获取的测量温度的平均值。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的控制方法，其特征在于，在所述制冷步骤中当所述载冷液的温度达到设定的所述制冷温度后，所述充冷装置(1)停止制冷。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的控制方法，其特征在于，在所述制冷步骤中，还包括故障检测步骤，当充冷装置(1)的压缩机的压力超出预设范围时，判断出现故障，所述制冷步骤停止。
  15. 一种用于储能单元充冷的充冷装置，包括内循环装置、外循环装置、和储液装置(11)，所述内循环装置用于将来自所述储液装置(11)的符合预定要求的载冷液输出以供使用，并将使用后的待制冷的载冷液传输至所述储液装置(11)，所述外循环装置用于从储液装置(11)接收待制冷的载冷液并将制冷后的符合预定要求的载冷液传输至所述储液装置(11)，其特征在于，所述充冷装置还包括控制装置，所述控制装置控制所述充冷装置(1)向所述储能单元(2)充冷第一时段，所述第一时段基于预设的充冷条件确定。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的充冷装置，其特征在于，所述充冷装置包括多个第一测温探头(115)，所述第一测温探头(115)测量所述储液装置内不同位置的载冷液的温度，所述控制装置根据所述载冷液的温度平均值确定所述充冷装置(1)制冷的第二时段。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的充冷装置，其特征在于，所述储液装置(11)包括用于内循环装置的制冷出水口和制冷回水口，以及用于外循环装置的充冷进口和充冷出口，所述充冷装置包括多个第二测温探头(126)，所述第二测温探头(126)分别测量所述载冷液充冷进口(111)和载冷液充冷出口(112)的温度，所述控制装置根据所述载冷液充冷进口(111)和载冷液充冷出口(112)的温度差确定所述充冷装置(1)向所述储能单元(2)充冷的第一时段。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的充冷装置，其特征在于，所述充冷装置还包括检测冷量的状态监测模块，所述控制装置根据所述状态监测模块检测的冷量数据控制所述充冷装置的制冷步骤的启动。
  19. 根据权利要求15所述的充冷装置，其特征在于，所述外循环装置包括外循环管路、外循环泵(127)、和控制外循环管路的第一阀门(121)、第二阀门(122)、第三阀门(123)，所述内循环装置包括内循环管路、内循环泵(128)、和控制所述内循环管路的第四阀门(124)、第五阀门(125)，所述控制装置在充冷装置进行加速制冷时控制所述第一阀门连通所述外循环装置的载冷液充冷进口(111)和载冷液充冷出口(112)、外循环泵(127)。
PCT/CN2019/093131 2018-06-29 2019-06-26 一种用于储能单元充冷的控制方法及充冷装置 WO2020001508A1 (zh)

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