WO2020000787A1 - 低碳排放化石能源产生方法及装置 - Google Patents

低碳排放化石能源产生方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2020000787A1
WO2020000787A1 PCT/CN2018/110488 CN2018110488W WO2020000787A1 WO 2020000787 A1 WO2020000787 A1 WO 2020000787A1 CN 2018110488 W CN2018110488 W CN 2018110488W WO 2020000787 A1 WO2020000787 A1 WO 2020000787A1
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carbon
seawater
oxygen
flue gas
combustion
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PCT/CN2018/110488
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English (en)
French (fr)
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彭斯干
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彭斯干
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Priority to AU2018430238A priority Critical patent/AU2018430238A1/en
Priority to EP18924949.3A priority patent/EP3812033A4/en
Priority to JP2020572518A priority patent/JP2021529080A/ja
Priority to CA3104187A priority patent/CA3104187A1/en
Priority to SG11202013037XA priority patent/SG11202013037XA/en
Priority to US17/255,066 priority patent/US20210372615A1/en
Publication of WO2020000787A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020000787A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
    • B01D2252/103—Water
    • B01D2252/1035—Sea water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/12—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • B01D2258/0291—Flue gases from waste incineration plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00006—Liquid fuel burners using pure oxygen or O2-enriched air as oxidant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/50—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/50—Intercepting solids by cleaning fluids (washers or scrubbers)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the low-carbon emission fossil energy generating method and device are used for generating energy by using fossil and biomass fuels in a low-carbon atmospheric emission manner, and are suitable for coastal and marine areas, and belong to the field of clean energy and climate mitigation technology.
  • U.S. Patent No. 15568596 discloses a method for capturing carbon dioxide by using only natural seawater to wash carbon-containing gases, and allowing the washed seawater to be discharged to the ocean in accordance with the water quality indicators required by law to achieve marine naturalness.
  • the technical solution of alkalinity carbon storage can safely and ecologically-friendly and cost-effectively use the natural carbon pool resources of the ocean to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; however, due to the low concentration of carbon dioxide in general smoke, The volume of washing water and the area of the scrubber are large, and there is room for improvement in its application scope and cost effectiveness.
  • the design of a full-chain oxygen-enriched low-carbon emission power generation project disclosed in Europe is formed by adding an air separation system (ASU) and a flue gas treatment system (GPU) on the basis of a conventional power plant.
  • ASU air separation system
  • GPU flue gas treatment system
  • the ASU system enables combustion of ambient air.
  • oxygen concentration is ⁇ 95%
  • carbon dioxide concentration in the flue gas can reach 85% or more.
  • geological storage including terrestrial and submarine geological oil displacement
  • long-distance transportation is required, further purification and compression of carbon dioxide in flue gas is required, and technical cost obstacles including environmental safety costs have been faced.
  • the purpose of the low-carbon emission fossil energy generation method and device of the present invention is to further improve the application scope and cost-effectiveness of seawater scrubbing carbon capture and storage schemes, overcome the technical cost obstacles of the existing oxygen-enriched combustion schemes, and provide a low-carbon Method and device for generating fossil energy emitted from the atmosphere.
  • a first aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for generating low-carbon emission fossil energy, the method includes the following steps:
  • Oxygen-enriched combustion increase the oxygen concentration of the ambient air in the combustion of fossil fuels, so that the combustion generates thermal energy and increases the carbon dioxide concentration in the combustion smoke;
  • step 2) carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved in seawater for carbon capture, which is carbon capture in which 3% to 99% of the amount of carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved in seawater.
  • the step 1) of increasing the oxygen concentration of the ambient air in the combustion of fossil fuels is to increase the step of obtaining oxygen from a cryogenic liquefied air method, and / or a PSA pressure swing adsorption method, and / or a membrane separation method.
  • the concentration of oxygen produced in the ambient air from the burning of fossil fuels is to increase the step of obtaining oxygen from a cryogenic liquefied air method, and / or a PSA pressure swing adsorption method, and / or a membrane separation method.
  • Said step 4) injecting the washed and discharged seawater into the ocean water body includes injecting the water quality restoration step 3) near the implementation site of the ocean water body using an atmospheric pressure pipe.
  • step 6 the thermal energy generated by the oxygen-rich combustion is converted into an output of applied energy, including conversion into one or more combinations of output energy such as electrical energy, kinetic energy, and thermal energy medium.
  • the step of preparing oxygen is a step of preparing oxygen which simultaneously recovers and utilizes by-product nitrogen.
  • the fossil fuel includes one or more combinations of carbon-containing fuels such as petroleum, natural gas, combustible ice, biomass, and coal.
  • the oxygen concentration of the ambient air during the fossil fuel combustion is ⁇ 21%.
  • the seawater is natural seawater taken from the ocean, including seawater taken from the ocean for cooling industrial facilities.
  • a second aspect of the present invention is to provide a low-carbon emission fossil energy generating device for the method of the present invention, which includes an aerator, a burner, and a carbon trap; the aerator is for increasing the oxygen concentration
  • the device includes an air intake channel, an oxygen-enriched air supply channel, and a nitrogen exhaust channel.
  • the air intake channel is connected to the atmosphere, and the oxygen-rich air supply channel is connected to a burner.
  • the burner includes a fuel conveyor, a smoke exhaust channel, An energy conversion output device, the smoke exhaust channel is connected with a carbon trap;
  • the carbon trap includes a washing water introduction channel, a seawater extraction device, and a decarbonized flue gas outlet channel;
  • the washing water introduction channel is connected with the seawater extraction device,
  • the decarbonized flue gas outlet channel is connected to the atmosphere through an exhaust tube, the seawater discharge port is connected to the seawater drainage pipe through a water quality restorer, and the seawater drainage pipe outlet is connected to the ocean water body.
  • the aerator is selected from a cryogenic air liquefaction separation device, and / or a PSA pressure swing adsorption device, and / or a membrane separation device.
  • the aerator is an intake boost oxygen generator, and the intake boost oxygen generator includes an intake compressor and / or an intake booster.
  • the carbon trap is composed of a seawater flue gas scrubber; the water quality restorer connected to the carbon trap is composed of a water flow mixing device.
  • the aerator is connected to a nitrogen recovery and utilization device through a nitrogen exhaust channel;
  • the nitrogen recovery and utilization device is composed of a synthetic ammonia and / or nitrogen fertilizer production device, and / or a chemical sealed gas storage and transportation device.
  • the seawater discharge port of the carbon trap is connected to the seawater drainage pipe through a temperature difference generator and a water quality restorer, and the temperature difference generator is electrically connected to the aerator and seawater extraction equipment through an internal power supply system.
  • the burner is composed of a boiler burning fossil and / or biomass carbon fuel, and / or an internal combustion engine; the energy conversion output device connected to the burner is a steam turbine generator, and / or a gas turbine, and / Or a heating boiler and / or a propeller.
  • a low-carbon emission fossil fuel power plant includes any of the technical features described in the technical solution and further technical solutions of the low-carbon emission fossil energy generating device used in the method of the present invention.
  • a low-carbon emission fossil fuel-powered marine vessel includes any of the technical features described in the technical solution and further technical solutions of the low-carbon emission fossil energy generating device used in the method of the present invention.
  • the invention utilizes the principle that carbon dioxide is a natural substance that is soluble in seawater and exists in a large amount in seawater, and can be stored in the ocean in a friendly and long-term and massive manner, so that seawater is used to wash fossil fuel flue gas, and the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved to realize carbon capture. Then, the acidic seawater formed by the dissolved carbon dioxide in the flue gas is adjusted to restore the water quality, so that the pH is restored to the legally prescribed value allowed to be discharged to the ocean, and then injected into the marine water body to implement marine carbon storage. At this time, the carbon dioxide stored in the seawater was mainly converted into the bicarbonate ion form, which is considered by the climate science literature to be the most secure and stable marine carbon storage method.
  • the carbon trap also has the technical effect of flue gas desulfurization, so compared with the existing oxygen-enriched combustion CCS scheme, at least the flue gas processing unit (GPU) and FGD unit and their energy consumption are omitted, and the air separation (ASU) unit does not require For the production of high-purity oxygen, the overall cost factors such as the amount of washing water are taken into consideration to optimize the design of the oxygen supply concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration produced.
  • Oxygen-enriched combustion can improve the energy conversion rate of the burner by about 1 to 3%, and simultaneously recover and utilize nitrogen resources for oxygen production, which has the effect of carbon capture and utilization, that is, CCUS, and is also realized in the scheme of the present invention.
  • the technical solution of the low-carbon emission fossil energy generation method and device of the present invention uses carbon-containing mineral resources such as fossil fuels and biomass fuels to generate clean energy with low carbon emissions to the atmosphere and low cost, so that it can be used safely and ecologically.
  • the mitigation plan for marine natural carbon sinks and carbon pools can further increase the scope of application and cost-effectiveness, which is conducive to larger-scale and faster reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation step of the method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus used in the method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for transforming a coastal power plant by applying the method and device scheme of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a marine ship to which the method of the present invention is applied.
  • 1 aerator, 1.1—intake channel, 1.2—oxygen-rich air supply channel, 1.3—exhaust nitrogen channel, 1.4—nitrogen recovery and utilization device, 2—burner, 2.1—fuel conveyor, 2.2—smoke exhaust channel , 2.3—energy conversion output device, 3—carbon trap, 3.1—wash water introduction channel, 3.2—seawater extraction equipment, 3.3—decarbonized flue gas outlet channel, 3.4—exhaust tube, 3.5—seawater discharge outlet, 3.6 —Water quality restorer, 3.7—Seawater drainage pipe, 3.8—Temperature difference generator, 3.9—Marine water body, 3.10—Ocean current.
  • Embodiment 1 is a basic embodiment of the method of the present invention.
  • the implementation steps include: 1) Oxygen-enriched combustion: increasing the oxygen concentration of the ambient air in the combustion of fossil fuels, so that the combustion generates heat while increasing the carbon dioxide concentration in the combustion flue gas; 2) carbon capture by seawater washing: The seawater is used to wash the oxygen-enriched flue gas in step 1), so that the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved in the seawater for carbon capture to produce clean decarbonized flue gas and acidic washing water in which the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved; 3) water quality Recovery: use fresh seawater to dilute the acidic washing water generated in step 2) to restore the pH of the acidic washing water to the legally prescribed value allowed to be discharged to the ocean and become the seawater for washing and discharging; 4) carbon storage of marine water: washing in step 3) Drain the seawater and inject it into the ocean water body to achieve long-term safety and marine ecological environment-friendly marine carbon storage; 5) Low-carbon atmospheric emissions: discharge the
  • Embodiment 2 is a group of embodiments based on Embodiment 1.
  • the fossil fuels are petroleum, natural gas, combustible ice, biomass fuel, and coal.
  • the biomass fuel is used as a carbon-containing fuel for the production of low-carbon emission energy, as well as the ordinary fossil fuel, and the low-carbon emission combustion of the biomass fuel has negative climate mitigation significance.
  • Embodiment 1 On the basis of Embodiment 1, there is another group of embodiments, which are the fossil fuels, respectively, a combination of petroleum and natural gas, a combination of natural gas and combustible ice, a combination of biomass fuel and coal, and a combination of petroleum and coal.
  • the fossil fuels respectively, a combination of petroleum and natural gas, a combination of natural gas and combustible ice, a combination of biomass fuel and coal, and a combination of petroleum and coal.
  • Another set of embodiments based on embodiment 1 is to increase the oxygen concentration of the ambient air in the combustion of fossil fuels, so as to increase the volume percentage of oxygen in the ambient air of combustion to 21% -25%, 25% -35 %, 35% to 55%, 55% to 75%, 75% to 99%.
  • Embodiment 3 is a group of embodiments based on Embodiment 1.
  • the carbon dioxide concentration in the combustion flue gas is increased, and the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the rear flue gas is increased by 1% compared with the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas assisted by ambient air. -10%, 10% -50%, 50% -100%.
  • Embodiment 1 There is also a group of embodiments based on Embodiment 1.
  • the carbon dioxide concentration in the combustion flue gas is increased, and the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the increased flue gas is increased by 1 to 2 times than the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the flue gas assisted by ambient air. 5 times, 5 to 10 times, 10 to 20 times, 20 to 30 times.
  • Embodiment 4 is a group of embodiments based on Embodiment 1.
  • the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is dissolved in seawater for carbon capture, and the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the seawater in the flue gas reaches 3% to 5%. 5% to 15%, 15% to 35%, 35% to 55%, 55% to 75%, 75% to 99%.
  • Embodiment 5 is another basic embodiment based on Embodiment 1:
  • the increase of the oxygen concentration of the ambient air in the combustion of fossil fuels is made by increasing the ambient air in the combustion environment by a cryogenic air liquefaction separation method. Taken oxygen; another basic embodiment is to increase the oxygen produced by PSA pressure swing adsorption method in a combustion environment; and another embodiment is to increase the oxygen produced by a membrane separation method in a combustion environment.
  • Embodiment 1 Another basic embodiment based on Embodiment 1: The step 6) converts the thermal energy generated by the oxygen-rich combustion into the output of applied energy, and the steam generated by heating the boiler is used to drive the turbine generator to be converted into electrical energy and output to the power grid; Another embodiment is the thermal energy generated by oxygen-enriched combustion, which is converted to the kinetic energy of the propeller of the ship by an internal combustion engine; another embodiment is the thermal energy generated by oxygen-enriched combustion, which is converted by a heating boiler to hot steam and / or hot water output Another embodiment is that the thermal energy generated by the oxygen-enriched combustion is converted into kinetic energy by a gas turbine. Yet another group of embodiments is an application energy combination that simultaneously converts the thermal energy generated by the oxygen-rich combustion into electrical energy and kinetic and thermal energy media.
  • Embodiment 6 is a basic embodiment of the technical solution of the device of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, it includes an aerator 1, a burner 2, and a carbon trap 3;
  • the oxygen concentration equipment includes an air intake channel 1.1, an oxygen-enriched air supply channel 1.2, and a nitrogen exhaust channel 1.3.
  • the air intake channel 1.1 is connected to the atmosphere, and the oxygen-enriched air supply channel 1.2 is connected to the burner 2; the burner 2 includes a fuel conveyor 2.1, a smoke exhaust channel 2.2, and an energy conversion output device 2.3, the smoke exhaust channel 2.2 is connected to a carbon trap 3; the carbon trap 3 includes a washing water introduction channel 3.1, and a seawater extraction device 3.2, The decarbonized flue gas outlet channel 3.3 is connected to the washing water introduction channel 3.1 and the seawater extraction device 3.2. The decarbonized flue gas outlet channel 3.3 is connected to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 3.4, and the seawater outlet 3.5 is connected to the seawater drainage pipe through the water quality restorer 3.6. 3.7 connection, the outlet of seawater drainage pipe 3.7 is connected to the ocean water body.
  • Embodiment 7 is an embodiment based on Embodiment 6.
  • the carbon trap 3 is composed of a seawater flue gas scrubber; the water quality restorer 3.6 connected to the carbon trap 3 is composed of
  • the water flow mixing device is configured so that fresh seawater and acidic seawater are sufficiently mixed in an environment isolated from the atmosphere.
  • the aerator includes an oxygen increasing device, which is respectively selected from a cryogenic air liquefaction separation device, and / or a PSA pressure swing adsorption device, and / or a membrane separation device.
  • Embodiment 6 there is another group of embodiments in which the burner is respectively composed of a boiler for burning fossil and / or biomass carbonaceous fuel, and / or an internal combustion engine, and / or a gas turbine.
  • Embodiment 6 On the basis of Embodiment 6, another embodiment is that the energy conversion output device connected to the burner is composed of a turbine generator, and / or a heating boiler, and / or an internal combustion engine, and / or a propeller, and / Or gas turbine.
  • Embodiment 8 is an embodiment based on Embodiment 6. As shown in FIG. 3, the aerator 1 is connected to the nitrogen recovery and utilization device 1.4 through the nitrogen exhaust channel 1.3; the nitrogen recovery and utilization device is composed of a complete ammonia production plant. .
  • the nitrogen recovery and utilization device according to another embodiment is composed of a complete nitrogen fertilizer production plant. In another embodiment, the nitrogen recovery and utilization device is composed of a chemically sealed gas storage and transportation device.
  • the step of producing oxygen in the above embodiments is a step of producing oxygen that simultaneously recovers and utilizes by-product nitrogen, and is therefore also a CCUS embodiment of carbon capture, utilization, and storage.
  • Embodiment 9 is a modified embodiment of a power plant based on Embodiment 6 and Embodiment 7. As shown in FIG. 2, the burner is a supercritical coal-fired boiler supporting a 600MW steam turbine generator set. The transformation of pulverized coal and biomass fuel will be implemented in two phases.
  • a set of aerator is installed in the boiler air inlet channel, and a set of seawater scrubbing carbon trap is installed in the smoke outlet channel; the added aerator is selected from the cryogenic air liquefaction separation device.
  • the oxygen volume concentration of the boiler inlet air can be increased to about 40%, and the volume concentration of carbon dioxide produced by the combustion flue gas is about 36%; the installed seawater was used to wash the carbon trap, and a packed tower was used to reduce the height. a height of about 9m; washed direct seawater cooling water existing plants, built to take no further drainage, capture can be achieved in about 300,000 tons of carbon dioxide sequestration, CO 2 emissions from power plants by about 10%, SO 2 by about 99%.
  • Oxygen-enriched combustion also improves boiler combustion efficiency by about 3%.
  • the scale and output of the aerator are increased in the boiler air inlet channel, the seawater scrubbing carbon trap is expanded in the smoke outlet channel, and the seawater pumping station is expanded.
  • the added aerator uses one PSA pressure swing adsorption device and two membrane separation devices. After increasing the scale of the aerator, the oxygen concentration in the inlet air of the boiler reaches about 80%, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the combustion flue gas is about 76%; the amount of washed seawater is increased to about 210,000t / h, and the expanded seawater pump is used to wash the seawater.
  • the water quality recovery device adjusts the pH value to reach no less than 6.5 as required by the environmental management department according to the law, and then uses normal pressure pipelines to inject into the marine water body near the power plant water quality recovery system; it can achieve an annual capture and storage of about 2.3 million tons of carbon dioxide. Power plants CO 2 emissions are reduced by about 80%.
  • the second-stage reconstruction examples meet the needs of large-scale CCS for the development of the hydrogen energy industry.
  • Embodiment 10 is an embodiment of a group of low-carbon emission fossil fuel power plants, including one or more of the technical characteristics of the low-carbon emission fossil energy generating device described in Embodiment 6, Embodiment 7, Embodiment 8, and Embodiment 9, respectively.
  • Technical features include one or more of the technical characteristics of the low-carbon emission fossil energy generating device described in Embodiment 6, Embodiment 7, Embodiment 8, and Embodiment 9, respectively.
  • Embodiment 6 Another embodiment is an embodiment based on Embodiment 6 in a gas-steam combined cycle power plant.
  • the aerator 1 is an intake supercharged oxygen generator, and the intake supercharged oxygen generator uses the inlet of a gas turbine. Composed of a pneumatic air compressor and an oxygen-nitrogen separation membrane.
  • Embodiment 11 is an embodiment of a marine ship based on Embodiments 6 and 7.
  • the burner 2 includes a 23 MW marine diesel engine as a main propulsion engine connected to a propeller, and one As an auxiliary engine's heating boiler, an intake pressure boosting oxygen generator is installed at the engine and boiler air inlets.
  • the intake pressure boosting oxygen generator is composed of a diesel engine turbocharger and an oxygen and nitrogen separation membrane; carbon capture
  • the seawater outlet 3.5 of the collector 3 is connected to the seawater drainage pipe 3.7 through a water quality restorer 3.6; a marine seawater carbon capture vessel is installed in the tail gas passage; the drainage is in accordance with the MEPC rules under Annex VI of the MARPOL Convention, and it is permitted to be discharged directly into marine water bodies.
  • the CO 2 of ship tail gas is reduced by 3% to 5% (the specific value is related to the water quality and temperature of the seawater where the ship is sailing), and the SO 2 is reduced by 99%.
  • Oxygen-enriched combustion improves the efficiency of marine diesel engines by about 3.8%.
  • the fuel of another ship embodiment is LNG, which produces less carbon emissions than coal and fuel oil, but still belongs to fossil energy sources that need to reduce and control carbon emissions.
  • Embodiment 12 is an embodiment of a marine ship based on Embodiment 11.
  • the seawater outlet 3.5 of the carbon trap 3 passes through a temperature difference generator 3.8 and a water quality restorer 3.6 and a seawater drainage pipe.
  • temperature difference generator 3.8 is electrically connected to aerator 1, seawater extraction equipment 3.2 through internal power supply system. Due to the high temperature of the ship's internal combustion engine exhaust gas, it is easier for the seawater to absorb the exhaust heat (more than 60% of the fuel heat) during the washing process. Using this part of the waste heat temperature difference to generate electricity can reduce the energy consumption of the aerator and seawater washing.
  • the CO 2 emission of the exhaust gas in this embodiment is reduced by about 5% to 10%
  • Embodiment 13 is an embodiment of a group of low-carbon-emitting fossil fuel-powered marine vessels, including the technical solutions of the low-carbon-emitting fossil energy generating device described in Embodiment 6, Embodiment 7, Embodiment 11, and Embodiment 12, respectively.
  • One or more technical features are provided.

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Abstract

一种低碳排放化石能源产生方法及装置，属于清洁能源和气候减缓技术领域，适用于滨海及海洋区域利用化石、生物质等含碳燃料，产生对大气低碳排放并且低成本的清洁能源。其主要步骤包括富氧燃烧和海水一次洗涤烟气进行碳捕集，并使洗涤海水以符合法律要求的水质排往海洋实现海洋自然碱度碳封存，以安全和生态环境友好地利用海洋自然碳汇碳库资源减少大气中的温室气体。

Description

低碳排放化石能源产生方法及装置 技术领域
本发明低碳排放化石能源产生方法及装置，用于以低碳大气排放的方式使用化石及生物质燃料产生能源，适用于滨海及海洋区域，属于清洁能源和气候减缓技术领域。
背景技术
UNFCCC巴黎协定提出本世纪下半叶实现“排放源”和“清除汇”规模平衡的气候目标以来，海洋占地球自然碳汇碳库93％并自然清除着近40％人为排碳量的科学事实被重新重视，利用地球最大的自然“清除汇”海洋资源，实现化石能源大气低碳排放的方案被重新提出。
美国15568596号专利申请“海水式碳捕集封存方法与装置”，公开了一种仅利用天然海水洗涤含碳气体捕集二氧化碳，并使洗涤海水以符合法律规定的水质指标排往海洋实现海洋自然碱度碳封存的技术方案，可以安全和生态环境友好并具有成本效益地利用海洋自然碳汇碳库资源减少大气中的二氧化碳；但由于一般烟气中二氧化碳浓度较低，捕集二氧化碳所需的洗涤水量及洗涤器占地面积较大，其应用范围和成本效益存在提升空间。
另一方面，为实现二氧化碳地质封存(包括海底地质和亚地质碳封存，以及海底二氧化碳湖封存)及采油驱油需要高浓度二氧化碳，长期存在一种富氧燃烧碳捕集加胺剂洗涤碳提纯与地质碳封存的碳捕集与封存(CCS)方案。其中的富氧燃烧环节是使化石燃料燃烧环境空气的氧气浓度大于自然环境空气氧气浓度20.95％的现有技术，其燃烧环境空气的氧气浓度≥21％，因而燃烧烟气中的二氧化碳浓度大于在自然环境空气中燃烧时的二氧化碳浓度，可以降低使用胺剂洗涤二氧化碳的捕集成本。如欧洲公开的一例全链式富氧燃烧低碳排放发电项目设计，是在常规发电厂基础上增加空气分离系统(ASU)和烟气处理系统(GPU)形成的，其ASU系统使燃烧环境空气的氧气浓度≥95％时，可以使烟气中的二氧化碳浓度达到85％以上。但由于这类方案的目标是地质封 存(包括陆地、海底地质驱油)及需要远距离输送，要求对烟气中的二氧化碳进一步提纯并压缩，一直面临包括环境安全成本在内的技术成本障碍。
发明内容
本发明低碳排放化石能源产生方法及装置的发明目的在于，进一步提升海水洗涤碳捕集与封存方案的应用范围和成本效益，克服现有富氧燃烧方案的技术成本障碍，提供一种低碳大气排放化石能源产生方法及装置。
本发明第一个方面是提供了一种低碳排放化石能源产生方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
1)富氧燃烧：增加化石燃料燃烧环境空气的氧气浓度，使燃烧产生热能的同时提高燃烧烟气中的二氧化碳浓度；
2)海水洗涤碳捕集：使用海水洗涤步骤1)的富氧燃烧烟气，以使烟气中的二氧化碳溶入海水进行碳捕集，产生清洁的脱碳烟气和溶有烟气中二氧化碳的酸性洗涤水；
3)水质恢复：使用新鲜海水稀释步骤2)生成的酸性洗涤水，使酸性洗涤水的pH恢复到允许排往海洋的法律规定值，成为洗涤排放海水；
4)海洋水体碳封存：将步骤3)的洗涤排放海水注入海洋水体，以实现长期安全和海洋生态环境友好的海洋碳封存；
5)低碳大气排放：将步骤2)的脱碳烟气排往大气；
6)能源输出：将步骤1)富氧燃烧产生的热能转换为应用能源输出。
进一步的技术方案是：
所述步骤2)的使烟气中的二氧化碳溶入海水进行碳捕集，是使烟气中二氧化碳量的3％～99％溶入海水进行的碳捕集。
所述步骤1)的增加化石燃料燃烧环境空气的氧气浓度，是增加取自于深冷式液化空气法，和/或PSA式变压吸附法，和/或膜分离法之类制取氧气步骤制取的氧气在化石燃料燃烧环境空气中的浓度。
所述步骤4)的洗涤排放海水注入海洋水体，包括采用常压管道注入步骤3)的水质恢复实施地点近旁的海洋水体。
所述步骤6)的使富氧燃烧产生的热能转换为应用能源输出，包括转换为电能，动 能，热能介质等应用能源中的一种或多种组合输出。
所述制取氧气的步骤，是同时回收利用副产物氮气的制取氧气步骤。
所述的化石燃料包括石油，天然气，可燃冰，生物质，煤炭这类含碳燃料中的一种或多种组合。
所述的富氧燃烧是使化石燃料燃烧环境空气的氧气浓度≥21％。
所述的海水是取自海洋的自然海水，包括取自海洋用于工业设施冷却后的海水。
本发明的第二个方面是提供一种用于本发明方法的低碳排放化石能源产生装置，它包括增氧器，燃烧器，以及碳捕集器；所述增氧器为增加氧气浓度的设备，包括进气通道，富氧风送风通道，排氮通道，该进气通道与大气联通，富氧风送风通道与燃烧器联通；所述燃烧器包括燃料输送器，排烟通道，能源转换输出装置，该排烟通道与碳捕集器连接；所述碳捕集器包括洗涤水导入通道，海水抽取设备，脱碳烟气导出通道，该洗涤水导入通道与海水抽取设备连接，脱碳烟气导出通道通过排气筒连通至大气，海水排出口通过水质恢复器与海水排水管联接，海水排水管的出口连通至海洋水体。
进一步的技术方案是：所述增氧器选自于深冷式空气液化分离装置，和/或PSA变压吸附装置，和/或膜分离装置。
所述增氧器是进气增压制氧装置，该进气增压制氧装置包括进气压气机，和/或进气增压器。
所述的碳捕集器由海水烟气洗涤器构成；所述碳捕集器连接的水质恢复器由水流混合装置构成。
所述增氧器通过排氮通道与氮气回收利用装置相连接；该氮气回收利用装置由合成氨和/或氮肥生产装置构成，和/或由化工密封气储存输送装置构成。
所述碳捕集器的海水排出口通过温差发电器和水质恢复器与海水排水管联接，温差发电器通过内部供电系统与增氧器及海水抽取设备电连接。
所述燃烧器是由燃烧化石和/或生物质含碳燃料的锅炉，和/或内燃机构成；所述燃烧器连接的能源转换输出装置，是由汽轮发电机，和/或燃气轮机，和/或供热锅炉，和/或推进器构成。
一种低碳排放化石燃料发电厂，包括上述用于本发明方法的低碳排放化石能源产生装置技术方案和进一步的技术方案所述的任一技术特征。
一种低碳排放化石燃料动力的海洋船舶，包括上述用于本发明方法的低碳排放化石 能源产生装置技术方案和进一步的技术方案所述的任一技术特征。
本发明的技术原理和效果：
本发明利用二氧化碳是可溶于海水并大量存在于海水中的天然物质，可以在海洋中友好地长期和海量贮存的原理，使海水洗涤化石燃料烟气，溶出烟气中的二氧化碳实现碳捕集，再对溶有烟气中二氧化碳形成的酸性海水调整恢复水质，使pH恢复到允许排往海洋的法律规定值，然后注入到海洋水体实施海洋碳封存。这时储存在海水中的二氧化碳主要转化为碳酸氢根离子形态，被气候科学文献认为是一种最安全稳定的海洋碳储存方式。
当烟气中二氧化碳浓度较低时，捕集二氧化碳所需的洗涤水量及洗涤器占地面积较大，影响其应用范围和成本效益的进一步提升，因此采用富氧燃烧的方式来提高烟气中的CO 2浓度，成为一种富氧燃烧海水洗涤碳捕集与海洋碳封存的本发明CCS(碳捕集与封存)方案。与现有富氧燃烧CCS方案相比，本发明方案的碳捕集成本大约降低50％～80％，封存成本大约降低2个数量级。这是由于两种CCS方案碳捕集和封存方式存在基本差异，而且本发明方案产生的含碳烟气不压缩，以及供氧浓度和产生的二氧化碳浓度的选择范围较大，同时本发明方案的碳捕集器兼具烟气脱硫的技术效果，所以比现有富氧燃烧CCS方案至少省略了烟气处理装置(GPU)和FGD装置及其物耗能耗，而且空气分离(ASU)装置不要求制备高纯度氧气，而是综合考虑洗涤水量等总体成本因素，优化设计供氧浓度和产生的二氧化碳浓度。
而富氧燃烧能够提高燃烧器的能源转换率约1～3％，以及制氧同时回收利用氮气资源，起到碳捕集利用与封存即CCUS的功效，也在本发明方案中得以实现。
因此，本发明低碳排放化石能源产生方法及装置的技术方案，利用化石燃料、生物质燃料等含碳矿物资源产生对大气低碳排放并且低成本的清洁能源，使安全和生态环境友好地利用海洋自然碳汇碳库的减缓方案，得以进一步提升应用范围和成本效益，从而有利于更大规模和更迅速地减排大气中的温室气体。
附图说明
图1是本发明方法的一种实施步骤示意图。
图2是用于本发明方法的装置的结构示意图。
图3是应用本发明方法和装置方案改造滨海发电厂的实施例示意图。
图4是应用本发明方法的海洋船舶实施例示意图。
附图中的图号标记对像的名称为：
1—增氧器，1.1—进气通道，1.2—富氧风送风通道，1.3—排氮通道，1.4—氮气回收利用装置，2—燃烧器，2.1—燃料输送器，2.2—排烟通道，2.3—能源转换输出装置，3—碳捕集器，3.1—洗涤水导入通道，3.2—海水抽取设备，3.3—脱碳烟气导出通道，3.4—排气筒，3.5—海水排出口，3.6—水质恢复器，3.7—海水排水管，3.8—温差发电器，3.9—海洋水体，3.10—洋流。
具体实施方式
结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明如下。
实施例1：是本发明方法的一种基本实施例。如附图1所示，实施步骤包括：1)富氧燃烧：增加化石燃料燃烧环境空气的氧气浓度，使燃烧产生热能的同时提高燃烧烟气中的二氧化碳浓度；2)海水洗涤碳捕集：使用海水洗涤步骤1)的富氧燃烧烟气，以使烟气中的二氧化碳溶入海水进行碳捕集，产生清洁的脱碳烟气和溶有烟气中二氧化碳的酸性洗涤水；3)水质恢复：使用新鲜海水稀释步骤2)生成的酸性洗涤水，使酸性洗涤水的pH恢复到允许排往海洋的法律规定值，成为洗涤排放海水；4)海洋水体碳封存：将步骤3)的洗涤排放海水注入海洋水体，以实现长期安全和海洋生态环境友好的海洋碳封存；5)低碳大气排放：将步骤2)的脱碳烟气排往大气；6)能源输出：将步骤1)富氧燃烧产生的热能转换为应用能源输出。
实施例2：是在实施例1基础上的一组实施例，所述的化石燃料，分别是石油、天然气、可燃冰、生物质燃料、煤炭。本实施例将生物质燃料与普通化石燃料同样作为含碳燃料用于低碳排放能源生产，而生物质燃料的低碳排放燃烧具有负面排放的气候减缓意义。
在实施例1基础上还有一组实施例，是所述的化石燃料，分别是石油和天然气组合，天然气和可燃冰组合，生物质燃料和煤炭组合，石油和煤炭组合。
在实施例1基础上又一组实施例，是所述增加化石燃料燃烧环境空气的氧气浓度，是使燃烧环境空气中氧气所占的体积百分比分别增加到21％～25％，25％～35％，35％～55％，55％～75％，75％～99％。
实施例3：是在实施例1基础上的一组实施例，所述提高燃烧烟气中的二氧化碳浓 度，提高后烟气中二氧化碳的浓度比环境空气助燃的烟气二氧化碳浓度，分别增加1％～10％，10％～50％，50％～100％。
在实施例1基础上还有一组实施例，所述提高燃烧烟气中的二氧化碳浓度，提高后烟气中二氧化碳的浓度比环境空气助燃的烟气二氧化碳浓度，分别增加1～2倍，2～5倍，5～10倍，10～20倍，20～30倍。
实施例4：是在实施例1基础上的一组实施例，所述使烟气中的二氧化碳溶入海水进行碳捕集，烟气中溶入海水的二氧化碳量分别达到3％～5％，5％～15％，15％～35％，35％～55％，55％～75％，75％～99％。
实施例5：是在实施例1基础上的又一种基本实施例：所述的增加化石燃料燃烧环境空气的氧气浓度，是使燃烧环境空气中增加取自于深冷式空气液化分离方法制取的氧气；另一基本实施例是使燃烧环境中增加由PSA式变压吸附方法制取的氧气；还有一实施例是使燃烧环境中增加由膜分离方法制取的氧气。
在实施例1基础上的另一种基本实施例：所述步骤6)使富氧燃烧产生的热能转换为应用能源输出，是通过加热锅炉产生蒸汽推动汽轮发电机转换为电能输出到电网；另一实施例是富氧燃烧产生的热能，通过内燃机转换为推动船舶推进器的动能；又一实施例是富氧燃烧产生的热能，由供热锅炉转换为热蒸汽和/或热水介质输出；还有一实施例是富氧燃烧产生的热能，通过燃气轮机转换为动能。还有另一组实施例是使富氧燃烧产生的热能，同时转换为电能和动能及热能介质的应用能源组合。
实施例6：是本发明装置技术方案的一种基本实施例，如附图2所示，它包括增氧器1，燃烧器2，以及碳捕集器3；所述增氧器1为增加氧气浓度的设备，包括进气通道1.1，富氧风送风通道1.2，排氮通道1.3，该进气通道1.1与大气联通，富氧风送风通道1.2与燃烧器2联通；所述燃烧器2包括燃料输送器2.1，排烟通道2.2，能源转换输出装置2.3，该排烟通道2.2与碳捕集器3连接；所述碳捕集器3包括洗涤水导入通道3.1，海水抽取设备3.2，脱碳烟气导出通道3.3，该洗涤水导入通道3.1与海水抽取设备3.2连接，脱碳烟气导出通道3.3通过排气筒3.4连通至大气，海水排出口3.5通过水质恢复器3.6与海水排水管3.7联接，海水排水管3.7的出口连通至海洋水体。
实施例7：是在实施例6基础上的实施例，如附图2，所述的碳捕集器3由海水烟气洗涤器构成；所述碳捕集器3连接的水质恢复器3.6由水流混合装置构成，以使新鲜海水与酸性海水在与大气隔绝的环境中充分混合。
在实施例6基础上的另一组实施例是增氧器包括增加氧气设备，分别选自深冷式空气液化分离装置，和/或PSA变压吸附装置，和/或膜分离装置。
在实施例6基础上还有一组实施例是所述燃烧器分别由燃烧化石和/或生物质含碳燃料的锅炉，和/或内燃机，和/或燃气轮机构成。
在实施例6基础上又一组实施例是所述燃烧器连接的能源转换输出装置，是由汽轮发电机，和/或供热锅炉，和/或内燃机，和/或推进器，和/或燃气轮机构成。
实施例8：是在实施例6基础上的实施例，如附图3，增氧器1通过排氮通道1.3与氮气回收利用装置1.4相连接；该氮气回收利用装置由完整的合成氨生产厂构成。另一实施例的氮气回收利用装置由整套氮肥生产厂构成。还有一实施例的氮气回收利用装置由化工密封气储存输送装置构成。
以上实施例中制取氧气的步骤，是同时回收利用副产物氮气的制取氧气步骤，因此也是一种碳捕集、利用与封存即CCUS实施例。
实施例9：是在实施例6、实施例7和基础上的一种发电厂改造实施例，如附图2所示，燃烧器为600MW汽轮发电机组配套的超临界燃煤锅炉，燃用煤粉和生物质燃料，改造分二期实施。
一期改造实施例，在锅炉进风通道加装一套增氧器，在出烟通道加装一套海水洗涤碳捕集器；加装的增氧器选自深冷式空气液化分离装置，可使锅炉进风的氧体积浓度增加到约40％，产生的燃烧烟气二氧化碳的体积浓度约为36％；加装的海水洗涤碳捕集器，采用填料塔以降低高度，其布水器高度约为9m；洗涤海水直接利用电厂现有的冷却海水，不另建取排水设施，可实现年捕集封存二氧化碳约30万吨，发电厂的CO 2排放减少约10％，SO 2减少约99％。富氧燃烧还使锅炉燃烧效率提高了约3％。
二期改造实施例，在一期改造基础上，在锅炉进风通道增加增氧器的规模和出力，在出烟通道扩建海水洗涤碳捕集器，并扩建海水取水泵站。增加的增氧器采用一套PSA变压吸附装置，2套膜分离装置。增加增氧器规模出力后锅炉进风的氧浓度达到约80％，燃烧烟气的二氧化碳浓度约为76％；洗涤海水量增加到约210,000t/h，来自扩建的海水取水泵，洗涤海水经水质恢复装置调整pH值，达到环境管理部门依照法律规定的不低于6.5，然后采用常压管道注入发电厂水质恢复系统近旁的海洋水体；可实现年捕集封存二氧化碳约230万吨，发电厂的CO 2排放减少约80％。
二期改造实施例满足发展氢能源产业的规模化CCS需要。
实施例10：是一组低碳排放化石燃料发电厂实施例，分别包括实施例6、实施例7、实施例8、实施例9所述低碳排放化石能源产生装置技术特征中的一个或多个技术特征。
另一实施例是在实施例6的基础上，在燃气蒸汽联合循环发电厂的实施例，其增氧器1是进气增压制氧装置，该进气增压制氧装置利用燃气轮机的进气压气机加氧氮分离膜构成。
实施例11：是在实施例6、实施例7基础上的一种海洋船舶实施例，如附图4所示，燃烧器2包括1台23MW船用柴油机作为连接推进器的主推发动机，和1台作为辅机的供热锅炉，在发动机和锅炉进气口安装了进气增压制氧装置，该进气增压制氧装置利用柴油机进气涡轮增压器加氧氮分离膜构成；碳捕集器3的海水排出口3.5通过水质恢复器3.6与海水排水管3.7联接；尾气通道安装了船用海水洗涤碳捕集器；排水符合MARPOL公约附则VI下MEPC规则，许可直接排注至海洋水体。船舶尾气CO 2减少3％～5％(具体数值与船舶航行所在的海水水质和水温有关)，SO 2减少99％。富氧燃烧使船用柴油机效率提高了约3.8％。
另一船舶实施例的燃料为LNG，产生的碳排放少于燃煤和燃油，但仍属于需要减少和控制碳排放的化石能源。
实施例12：是在实施例11基础上的一种海洋船舶实施例，如附图4所示，碳捕集器3的海水排出口3.5通过温差发电器3.8和水质恢复器3.6与海水排水管3.7联接，温差发电器3.8通过内部供电系统与增氧器1，海水抽取设备3.2电连接。由于船舶内燃机尾气温度较高，使得海水在洗涤过程更易于吸收尾气余热(燃料热量的60％以上)，利用这部分余热温差发电，可以降低增氧器和海水洗涤能耗。本实施例尾气排放的CO 2减少约5％～10％
实施例13：是一组低碳排放化石燃料动力的海洋船舶的实施例，分别包括实施例6、实施例7、实施例11、实施例12所述低碳排放化石能源产生装置技术方案中的一个或多个技术特征。
本发明的权利要求保护范围不限于上述实施例。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种低碳排放化石能源产生方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    1)富氧燃烧：增加化石燃料燃烧环境空气的氧气浓度，使燃烧产生热能的同时提高燃烧烟气中的二氧化碳浓度；
    2)海水洗涤碳捕集：使用海水洗涤步骤1)的富氧燃烧烟气，以使烟气中的二氧化碳溶入海水进行碳捕集，产生清洁的脱碳烟气和溶有烟气中二氧化碳的酸性洗涤水；
    3)水质恢复：使用新鲜海水稀释步骤2)生成的酸性洗涤水，使酸性洗涤水的pH恢复到允许排往海洋的法律规定值，成为洗涤排放海水；
    4)海洋水体碳封存：将步骤3)的洗涤排放海水注入海洋水体，以实现长期安全和海洋生态环境友好的海洋碳封存；
    5)低碳大气排放：将步骤2)的脱碳烟气排往大气；
    6)能源输出：将步骤1)富氧燃烧产生的热能转换为应用能源输出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2)的使烟气中的二氧化碳溶入海水进行碳捕集，是使烟气中二氧化碳量的3％～99％溶入海水进行的碳捕集。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1)的增加化石燃料燃烧环境空气的氧气浓度，是增加取自于深冷式液化空气法，和/或PSA式变压吸附法，和/或膜分离法之类制取氧气步骤制取的氧气在化石燃料燃烧环境空气中的浓度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4)的洗涤排放海水注入海洋水体，包括采用常压管道注入步骤3)的水质恢复实施地点近旁的海洋水体。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤6)的使富氧燃烧产生的热能转换为应用能源输出，包括转换为电能，动能，热能介质等应用能源中的一种或多种组合输出。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述制取氧气的步骤，是同时回收利用副产物氮气的制取氧气步骤。
  7. 一种用于权利要求1所述方法的低碳排放化石能源产生装置，其特征在于，它包括增氧器(1)，燃烧器(2)，以及碳捕集器(3)；所述增氧器(1)为增加氧气浓度的设备，包括进气通道(1.1)，富氧风送风通道(1.2)，排氮通道(1.3)，该进气 通道(1.1)与大气联通，富氧风送风通道(1.2)与燃烧器(2)联通；所述燃烧器(2)包括燃料输送器(2.1)，排烟通道(2.2)，能源转换输出装置(2.3)，该排烟通道(2.2)与碳捕集器(3)连接；所述碳捕集器(3)包括洗涤水导入通道(3.1)，海水抽取设备(3.2)，脱碳烟气导出通道(3.3)，该洗涤水导入通道(3.1)与海水抽取设备(3.2)连接，脱碳烟气导出通道(3.3)通过排气筒(3.4)连通至大气，海水排出口(3.5)通过水质恢复器(3.6)与海水排水管(3.7)联接，海水排水管(3.7)的出口连通至海洋水体。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，增氧器(1)选自于深冷式空气液化分离装置，和/或PSA变压吸附装置，和/或膜分离装置。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，增氧器(1)是进气增压制氧装置，该进气增压制氧装置包括进气压气机，和/或进气增压器。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的碳捕集器(3)由海水烟气洗涤器构成；所述碳捕集器(3)连接的水质恢复器(3.6)由水流混合装置构成。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，增氧器(1)通过排氮通道(1.3)与氮气回收利用装置(1.4)相连接；该氮气回收利用装置由合成氨和/或氮肥生产装置构成，和/或由化工密封气储存输送装置构成。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，碳捕集器(3)的海水排出口(3.5)通过温差发电器(3.8)和水质恢复器(3.6)与海水排水管(3.7)联接，温差发电器(3.8)通过内部供电系统与增氧器(1)，海水抽取设备(3.2)电连接。
  13. 一种低碳排放化石燃料发电厂，其特征在于，包括如权利要求7～12任一权利要求所述的技术特征。
  14. 一种低碳排放化石燃料动力海洋船舶，其特征在于，包括如权利要求7～12任一权利要求所述的技术特征。
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WO2020000121A1 (zh) 2020-01-02
AU2018430238A1 (en) 2021-02-11
JP2021529080A (ja) 2021-10-28

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