WO2020000004A1 - Dispositif et procédé de dessalement solaire de l'eau de mer - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de dessalement solaire de l'eau de mer Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020000004A1
WO2020000004A1 PCT/AT2019/060197 AT2019060197W WO2020000004A1 WO 2020000004 A1 WO2020000004 A1 WO 2020000004A1 AT 2019060197 W AT2019060197 W AT 2019060197W WO 2020000004 A1 WO2020000004 A1 WO 2020000004A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
evaporation
condensation
space
ceramics
condensation surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2019/060197
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jörg Storz
Eric HÖFGEN
Original Assignee
Storz Joerg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Storz Joerg filed Critical Storz Joerg
Publication of WO2020000004A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020000004A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
    • B01D1/0035—Solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
    • B01D5/0066—Dome shaped condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
    • B01D5/009—Collecting, removing and/or treatment of the condensate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/141—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for solar sea water desalination and a plant with such apparatus.
  • the apparatus is a device for producing distilled water and concentrated brine using the energy of sunlight.
  • the simplest form of solar sea water desalination is the simple solar still, which works according to the greenhouse principle.
  • solar collectors In order to raise the water temperature of the sea water, solar collectors, tube collectors or mirror systems that concentrate the sunlight on one point are used.
  • the present invention is intended to simplify the technology of seawater desalination and to reduce both the production and operating costs by its implementation, but is also suitable for cleaning biologically contaminated river and brackish water.
  • the invention provides an apparatus for solar seawater desalination with an evaporation chamber comprising a housing, an evaporation vessel with inlet and outlet and a heating window, the evaporation chamber being insulated, and with a condensation chamber comprising at least one condensation surface and at least one collecting container Drainage connection, the condensation space being arranged below the insulated evaporation space separated by the condensation surface.
  • the evaporation chamber is insulated or in connection with heat-storing materials and insulation.
  • the heating window faces the sun during operation.
  • the evaporation vessel is positioned approximately in the middle of the evaporation space.
  • an inside of the evaporation vessel is provided with a non-stick coating.
  • the evaporation vessel comprises a cover.
  • the cover can prevent water from splashing out.
  • the feed line is connected to an outer container. This enables the evaporation vessel to be filled according to the principle of the communicating containers. It can be provided that a ball valve or float valve for regulating the water level is arranged on the outer container.
  • the material of the heating window comprises metals and / or mineral substances and / or thermoplastic materials and / or ceramics and / or composites.
  • the material of the heating window is temperature-resistant. Temperature resistant means temperature resistance or insensitivity to the effects of high temperatures (up to approx. 200 ° C) or to
  • the heating window consists of a material that is permeable to sunlight and an absorber, the material that is permeable to sunlight and the absorber preferably being framed and equipped with seals for thermal separation.
  • the material that is continuous for sunlight is solar glass.
  • Solar glass is known per se. It is a special glass for covering thermal solar collectors and in photovoltaics, which should allow as much solar radiation as possible to enter the collector. It usually has a lower iron content, which makes it more transparent, and it is often thermally or chemically hardened in order to better withstand mechanical stresses. It usually also has a higher resistance to temperature changes than window glass in order to be able to better endure a laterally inhomogeneous temperature distribution.
  • the absorber is a sheet metal.
  • the absorber or sheet has strong absorbing properties for sunlight.
  • the absorber is designed as a selective surface. Selective surfaces are considered the most suitable. It can be provided that the heating window is curved.
  • the housing of the evaporation chamber is prismatic or cubic or spherical or cylindrical or semi-cylindrical.
  • an inside of the evaporation space is designed to be reflective.
  • the evaporation chamber consists of metals and / or mineral substances and / or thermoplastic materials and / or ceramics and / or composites.
  • the metals can e.g. trade steel or aluminum.
  • the mineral substances can e.g. to deal with concrete.
  • an outer jacket of the condensation space has a prismatic or cubic or spherical or cylindrical or semi-cylindrical shape.
  • an outer jacket of the condensation space comprises metals and / or mineral substances and / or thermoplastic materials and / or ceramics and / or composites and / or fabrics and mats.
  • the metals can e.g. trade steel or aluminum.
  • the mineral substances can e.g. trade concrete.
  • the fabrics and mats can e.g. are carbon and fiberglass fabrics.
  • the material of the condensation surface is temperature-resistant.
  • the material can be very suitable for the condensation.
  • the material of the condensation surface has hydrophobic properties. In particular, it can have hydrophobic surface properties.
  • condensation surface made of fabric and mats and / or metal fabric and / or plastic fabric and / or ceramics and / or Membranes and / or felting exist.
  • the fabrics and mats can be, for example, glass fiber fabrics and glass threads.
  • the condensation surface consists of a tissue with a three-dimensional structure. It can e.g. are fiberglass or carbon fabric. Ideally, threads of the fabric are spun very finely (less than 10 microns) and woven relatively densely. Two fabrics with large dimensions can also be placed on top of each other.
  • the evaporation space and the condensation space sit on a frame or a rail system.
  • the frame as well as the free space below the frame, can be used for another purpose, e.g. by Photovoltaic modules in alignment with the sun.
  • the frame consists of metals and / or mineral substances and / or thermoplastic materials and / or ceramics and / or composites.
  • a stainless steel flexible pipe is attached to the drain connector. If a drain pipe or drain system in the form of a stainless steel flexible pipe is attached to the drain connector, additional condensation surfaces are provided.
  • the present invention can also be expanded into a system by connecting individual apparatuses.
  • an electronic control on the outer container connected to the evaporation vessels can perform the task for several devices.
  • Fig. 2a shows a detailed view of the stain window of the evaporation room according to
  • Fig. 3 shows a condensation space of a proposed apparatus.
  • An apparatus 100 for separating salt and water using the energy of the sun is described below. However, this can also be used to clean river and brackish water.
  • the main goal is to provide clean water for a wide variety of applications, e.g. for agriculture, reforestation projects and drinking water.
  • the apparatus 100 essentially consists of 5 parts, see FIG. 1:
  • the apparatus 100 is composed of the evaporation chamber 1, the condensation chamber 2 and the discharge pipe or drainage system 4, which are seated on the frame 3, see FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the housing 1 c of the evaporation chamber 1 can be prismatic, spherical, cubic or cylindrical fail. Preferred is the shape shown in FIG. 1, which is very well suited to give the stain window 1a a corresponding tendency to sunlight and has better aerodynamic properties in wind. Furthermore, the inside of the evaporation space 1 is ideally reflective.
  • the isolated evaporation space 1 consists of three fluff components, housing 1 c, evaporation vessel 1 b with supply line 6 and discharge line 7 and the so-called stain window 1 a, see FIG. 2.
  • the evaporation space 1 is insulated or is designed in connection with heat-storing materials and insulation.
  • the stain window 1 a consists of solar glass 11 and a sheet which has strong absorbing properties for sunlight, also called absorber 8. Selective surfaces are considered the most suitable. Solar glass 11 and sheet metal are framed (see frame 12), but are equipped with seals 9 for thermal separation, see FIG. 2a.
  • the stain window 1 a can also be curved. However, there are various options for the material selection, but the materials must be temperature-resistant.
  • the evaporation vessel 1 b is positioned approximately in the middle of the evaporation space 1. This enables the supply of heat from all sides of the evaporation vessel 1b, see FIG. 2. Here too, a large variation of the materials used is possible. Likewise, the inside of the evaporation vessel 1 b can be provided with a non-stick coating. In addition, a cover can prevent the water from splashing out.
  • the evaporation vessel 1 b has a feed line 6 and a discharge line 7.
  • the feed line 6 is in turn connected to an outer vessel or outer container 13 in order to enable the evaporation vessel 1 b to be filled, according to the principle of the communicating containers, see FIG. 2.
  • a ball valve or float valve on the outer container 13 is also conceivable.
  • an electronic control on the outer container 13 can perform the task for several apparatuses 100.
  • the discharge line 7 is intended to discharge the brine. With an appropriate evaporation and evaporation rate, the brine must be drained off and rinsed, if necessary, see Figure 2.
  • the condensation chamber 2 is arranged below the evaporation chamber 1 and consists of the condensation surface (s) 2a and the collecting container 2b with a drainage connection 10, see FIG.
  • the condensation surface 2a consists of a fabric with a three-dimensional structure, e.g. Glass fiber fabric, carbon fabric, which ideally has hydrophobic surface properties.
  • the threads have to be spun very finely, less than 10 micrometers, and woven relatively densely. Alternatively, two fabrics with flat dimensions can be placed one above the other.
  • glass fibers can again be “hooked in” (for example, like in the case of a carpet) in order to better remove the condensing water or to further increase the condensation surface, see FIG. 3.
  • a drain system 4 in the form of a stainless steel flexible pipe is attached to the drain connector 10. This provides additional condensation areas.
  • Evaporation chamber 1 and condensation chamber 2 stand on a frame 3. This can also be used to attach solar modules or other equipment for energy or water production.
  • a rail system can be used for charging instead of the frame 3.
  • the highest temperatures are achieved by mirror systems that concentrate the sunlight at one point (500 ° C -1200 ° C).
  • the heat can pass over a large area into the sea water and steam formation occurs after a start-up time.
  • Water vapor is to be understood as a gas.
  • the evaporation chamber 1 is structurally airtight, so that the water vapor generated can only be discharged downwards into the condensation chamber 2 (cooking pot with lid principle). So here the mass transfer takes place with the formation of the gas water vapor, after all 16231 water vapor per liter of water.
  • the evaporation vessel 1 b is also the first point (outer surfaces of the container) where condensation takes place, here again the heat from the condensation process is used.
  • the evaporation vessel 1 b is connected to an outer container 13 via communicating tubes, as a result of which the filling takes place.
  • a drain 7 is provided with a shut-off device.
  • the water vapor must now flow through the condensation surface 2a. Due to the temperature differences between the evaporation space 1 and the non-insulated condensation space 2, the condensation begins and the heat from the process remains in the evaporation space 1.
  • the condensation surface 2a acts like a condensation core during cloud formation.
  • the condensation space 2 which is not insulated and collects the condensed water, offers additional condensation areas, which is important when the apparatus 100 is running at full load, i.e. from midday until late afternoon where the highest steam production is expected.
  • the drain system 4 is a stainless steel flexible pipe, so the distilled water is discharged into the collecting container 5 and an additional condensation surface is provided. In a system, drain system 4 can also be connected directly to pipes.
  • the invention has several advantages.
  • the apparatus itself requires no electrical energy, cost savings and environmental protection.
  • the equipment or system can be set up, operated and maintained by personnel who require a short qualification, using occupational safety, workplaces. Due to the simple structure, a high recycling rate can be expected.
  • the apparatus works under normal pressure.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (100) pour le dessalement solaire de l'eau de mer comportant une chambre d'évaporation (1) comprenant un boîtier (1c), un récipient d'évaporation (1b) équipé d'une conduite d'alimentation (6) et une conduite de décharge (7) et une fenêtre chauffante (1a), la chambre d'évaporation (1) étant de conception isolante, et comportant une chambre de condensation (2) comprenant au moins une surface de condensation (2a) et au moins un récipient collecteur (2b) ayant un raccord de sortie (10), la chambre de condensation (2) étant disposée sous la chambre d'évaporation isolée (1) séparée par la surface de condensation (2a).
PCT/AT2019/060197 2018-06-27 2019-06-14 Dispositif et procédé de dessalement solaire de l'eau de mer WO2020000004A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT600962018 2018-06-27
ATA60096/2018 2018-06-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020000004A1 true WO2020000004A1 (fr) 2020-01-02

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111874982A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2020-11-03 孔令斌 一种双冷凝器太阳能海水淡化装置
DE102020003562A1 (de) 2020-06-15 2021-12-16 Ask Chemicals Gmbh Verfahren zum schichtweisen Aufbau eines ausgehärteten dreidimensionalen Formkörpers, Formkörper, welcher dadurch erhalten werden kann, sowie dessen Verwendung
CN115259263A (zh) * 2022-08-02 2022-11-01 东和恩泰热能技术(江苏)有限公司 一种高效节能的新能源海水淡化装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4292136A (en) * 1979-08-28 1981-09-29 Spie-Batignolles Device for desalting sea or brackish water by using solar energy
US4366030A (en) * 1979-10-12 1982-12-28 Anderson Max F Subatmospheric pressure distillation and/or cooling method and means
DE102004063447A1 (de) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-13 Sonne + Energie Gmbh Gerät zur Wasserreinigung und zur Herstellung eines solchen Gerätes
EP2778139A1 (fr) * 2011-11-11 2014-09-17 Nitto Denko Corporation Appareil de distillation et procédé de distillation

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4292136A (en) * 1979-08-28 1981-09-29 Spie-Batignolles Device for desalting sea or brackish water by using solar energy
US4366030A (en) * 1979-10-12 1982-12-28 Anderson Max F Subatmospheric pressure distillation and/or cooling method and means
DE102004063447A1 (de) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-13 Sonne + Energie Gmbh Gerät zur Wasserreinigung und zur Herstellung eines solchen Gerätes
EP2778139A1 (fr) * 2011-11-11 2014-09-17 Nitto Denko Corporation Appareil de distillation et procédé de distillation

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020003562A1 (de) 2020-06-15 2021-12-16 Ask Chemicals Gmbh Verfahren zum schichtweisen Aufbau eines ausgehärteten dreidimensionalen Formkörpers, Formkörper, welcher dadurch erhalten werden kann, sowie dessen Verwendung
CN111874982A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2020-11-03 孔令斌 一种双冷凝器太阳能海水淡化装置
CN111874982B (zh) * 2020-07-28 2022-04-22 孔令斌 一种双冷凝器太阳能海水淡化装置
CN115259263A (zh) * 2022-08-02 2022-11-01 东和恩泰热能技术(江苏)有限公司 一种高效节能的新能源海水淡化装置

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