WO2019244694A1 - 硬化性化合物 - Google Patents
硬化性化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019244694A1 WO2019244694A1 PCT/JP2019/022929 JP2019022929W WO2019244694A1 WO 2019244694 A1 WO2019244694 A1 WO 2019244694A1 JP 2019022929 W JP2019022929 W JP 2019022929W WO 2019244694 A1 WO2019244694 A1 WO 2019244694A1
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- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/78—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/80—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C217/82—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C217/90—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring the oxygen atom of at least one of the etherified hydroxy groups being further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring, e.g. amino-diphenylethers
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- C07C225/22—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
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- C07D207/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/444—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having two doubly-bound oxygen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 5
- C07D207/448—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having two doubly-bound oxygen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 5 with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms, e.g. maleimide
- C07D207/452—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having two doubly-bound oxygen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 5 with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms, e.g. maleimide with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/44—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles
- C07D209/48—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles with oxygen atoms in positions 1 and 3, e.g. phthalimide
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- C08F122/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof
- C08F122/36—Amides or imides
- C08F122/40—Imides, e.g. cyclic imides
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- C08F138/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more carbon-to-carbon triple bonds
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F22/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof
- C08F22/36—Amides or imides
- C08F22/40—Imides, e.g. cyclic imides
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- C08F38/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more carbon-to-carbon triple bonds
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- C09D135/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least another carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C09D139/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D139/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as ring member
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- C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
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- C09J135/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least another carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a structure containing a curable compound, a cured product or a semi-cured product of the curable compound.
- Engineering plastic is a plastic with improved heat resistance and mechanical properties, and is used as an essential material for miniaturization, weight reduction, high performance, and high reliability of various parts.
- engineering plastics have a problem that they have a high melting temperature and a low solubility in a solvent and thus have poor processability.
- the polyimides described in Patent Document 1 and the like have excellent heat resistance and strength properties, but are difficult to dissolve and melt, so it is difficult to perform melt molding or use as a matrix resin of a composite material. there were.
- Polyetheretherketone which is also called super engineering plastic, is a thermoplastic resin with a continuous use temperature of 260 ° C and excellent performance in heat resistance, flame retardancy, and electrical properties, but has a melting point of 343 ° C. For this reason, it is particularly difficult to be melted and hardly dissolved in a solvent, so that the processability is inferior (for example, Patent Document 2).
- an object of the present invention is to provide a curable compound which has a low melting temperature, has good solvent solubility, is excellent in processability, and can form a cured product having super heat resistance.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a particulate or planar structure including a cured product having ultra heat resistance or a semi-cured product thereof.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a laminate having a configuration in which a cured product having ultra heat resistance or a semi-cured product thereof and a substrate are laminated.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a laminate having a configuration in which a cured product having ultra heat resistance or a semi-cured product thereof and a substrate are laminated.
- the present invention provides a curable compound having the following characteristics (a) to (e).
- Curing 5% weight loss temperature (T d5 ) measured at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min (in nitrogen) of the cured product of the reactive compound is 300 ° C. or more
- the present invention also provides the following formula (1) [In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and represent a curable functional group, and D 1 and D 2 are the same or different and represent a single bond or a linking group.
- L represents a divalent group having a repeating unit including a structure represented by the following formula (I) and a structure represented by the following formula (II).
- Ar 1 to Ar 3 are the same or different, and a group in which two hydrogen atoms are removed from the structural formula of an aromatic ring, or two or more aromatic rings are bonded via a single bond or a linking group.
- X represents —CO—, —S—, or —SO 2 —
- Y represents the same or different and represents —S—, —SO 2 —, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —CONH—, where n is an integer of 0 or more.
- the curable compound is a compound represented by the formula:
- the present invention also provides the curable compound, wherein R 1 and R 2 in the formula (1) are the same or different and are a curable functional group having a cyclic imide structure.
- the present invention also relates to the above-mentioned, wherein R 1 and R 2 in the formula (1) are the same or different and are groups selected from groups represented by the following formulas (r-1) to (r-6).
- a curable compound is provided. (The bond extending from the nitrogen atom in the formula binds to D 1 or D 2 )
- the present invention also relates to the following formulas (d-1) to (d-4) wherein D 1 and D 2 in the formula (1) are the same or different.
- the curable compound is a group selected from groups having a structure represented by the formula:
- Ar 1 to Ar 3 in the formulas (I) and (II) are the same or different, and two hydrogen atoms are excluded from the structural formula of the aromatic ring having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
- the group or two or more aromatic rings having 6 to 14 carbon atoms are a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- the curable compound is a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from a structural formula in which one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkylene group are bonded via a group substituted with a halogen atom.
- the present invention also provides the curable compound, wherein the structure represented by the formula (I) is a structure derived from benzophenone.
- the present invention also provides the curable compound, wherein the proportion of the benzophenone-derived structural unit in the total amount of the compound represented by the formula (1) is 5% by weight or more.
- the present invention also relates to a compound represented by the formula (II) wherein hydroquinone, resorcinol, 2,6-naphthalenediol, 2,7-naphthalenediol, 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl ether
- the curable compound having a structure derived from at least one compound selected from 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfide, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, and bisphenol A I do.
- the present invention also relates to hydroquinone, resorcinol, 2,6-naphthalenediol, 2,7-naphthalenediol, 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4,4′-dihydroxy, based on the total amount of the compound represented by the formula (1).
- Diphenyl ether, 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulfide, 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, and the curable compound in which the proportion of structural units derived from bisphenol A is 5% by weight or more. provide.
- the present invention also provides a particulate or planar structure containing a cured or semi-cured product of the curable compound.
- the present invention also provides a laminate having a configuration in which a cured or semi-cured product of the curable compound and a substrate are laminated.
- the present invention also provides a laminate having a configuration in which a cured product or a semi-cured product of the curable compound and a substrate are laminated by placing the curable compound on a substrate and performing a heat treatment. And a method for producing a laminate.
- the present invention also provides a method for applying a melt of the curable compound on a plastic support, solidifying the resultant, and obtaining a thin film containing the curable compound, and peeling the obtained thin film from the support. And heat-treating the laminated body on a substrate.
- the present invention also provides a composite material comprising a cured or semi-cured product of the curable compound and a fiber.
- the present invention also includes a cured product of a curable compound, and has a 5% weight loss temperature (T d5 ) measured at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min (in nitrogen) of 300 ° C. or higher, and a temperature of 30 ° C. at 320 ° C.
- T d5 5% weight loss temperature measured at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min (in nitrogen) of 300 ° C. or higher, and a temperature of 30 ° C. at 320 ° C.
- the present invention also provides the solid having a peak in a region of 1620 to 1750 cm -1 of an IR spectrum.
- the present invention also provides an adhesive containing the curable compound.
- the present invention also provides a paint containing the curable compound.
- the present invention also provides a sealant containing the curable compound.
- the curable compound of the present invention (including, for example, a compound represented by the formula (1), preferably a structural unit derived from benzophenone, and a structural unit derived from at least one compound selected from hydroquinone, resorcinol, and bisphenol A)
- Compounds having specific curable functional groups introduced at both ends of a molecular chain having a repeating unit have good solvent solubility. Further, since the melting temperature is low, melting can be performed without using an apparatus such as an autoclave. Then, it is quickly cured by performing a heat treatment or radiation irradiation. Therefore, the curable compound of the present invention has good workability (or easy moldability) and can be suitably used as an adhesive, a sealant, a paint, and the like.
- the curable compound of the present invention can form a cured product having super heat resistance, flame retardancy, and good dielectric properties (low relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent). Therefore, a structure made of a cured product of the curable compound of the present invention (or a semi-cured product thereof) or containing at least a part of the cured product (or a semi-cured product thereof) has excellent heat resistance and excellent heat resistance. It can be suitably used in fields requiring high dielectric properties (for example, electronic information equipment, home appliances, automobiles, precision instruments, aircraft, equipment for the space industry, etc.).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a 1H-NMR spectrum (DMSO-d 6 ) of diamine (1) obtained in Preparation Example. It is a figure which shows the FTIR spectrum of diamine (1) obtained by the preparation example.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a 1 H-NMR spectrum (DMSO-d 6 ) of diamine (2) obtained in Preparation Example. It is a figure which shows the FTIR spectrum of the diamine (2) obtained by the preparation example.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a 1 H-NMR spectrum (CDCl 3 ) of a curable compound A obtained in an example. It is a figure which shows the FTIR spectrum of the curable compound A obtained in the Example.
- FIG. 1H-NMR spectrum DMSO-d 6
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a 1 H-NMR spectrum (CDCl 3 ) of a curable compound B obtained in an example. It is a figure which shows the FTIR spectrum of the curable compound B obtained in the Example.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a 1 H-NMR spectrum (CDCl 3 ) of a curable compound C obtained in an example. It is a figure which shows the FTIR spectrum of the curable compound C obtained in the Example.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a 1 H-NMR spectrum (CDCl 3 ) of a curable compound D obtained in an example. It is a figure which shows the FTIR spectrum of the curable compound D obtained in the Example.
- the curable compound of the present invention has the following characteristics (a) to (e).
- Curing 5% weight loss temperature (T d5 ) measured at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min (in nitrogen) of the cured product of the reactive compound is 300 ° C. or more
- the curable compound has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 1,000 to 15,000, preferably 1,000 to 14,000, particularly preferably 1100 to 12,000, and most preferably 1200 to 10,000. Therefore, the solubility in a solvent is high, the melt viscosity is low, the molding process is easy, and the obtained cured product (or molded product after curing) exhibits high toughness. When the number average molecular weight is below the above range, the toughness of the obtained cured product tends to decrease. On the other hand, when the number average molecular weight exceeds the above range, the solvent solubility tends to decrease, and the melt viscosity tends to be too high, whereby the processability tends to decrease. In addition, Mn is determined by performing gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurement (solvent: chloroform, standard polystyrene conversion).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the ratio of the structure derived from the aromatic ring to the total amount of the curable compound is 50% by weight or more, for example, 50 to 90% by weight, preferably 60 to 90% by weight, and particularly preferably 65 to 80% by weight. Therefore, the curable compound has high solvent solubility and low melt viscosity, and the cured product has high thermal stability.
- the proportion of the structure derived from an aromatic ring is below the above range, the thermal stability of the cured product tends to decrease.
- the proportion of the structure derived from an aromatic ring exceeds the above range, the solvent solubility tends to decrease, the melt viscosity tends to increase, and the processability tends to decrease.
- the curable compound has good solvent solubility.
- the solvent include ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone; amides such as formamide, acetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N, N-dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; methylene chloride Halogenated hydrocarbons such as, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, dichlorobenzene, benzotrifluoride, hexafluoro-2-propanol; sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), diethylsulfoxide, benzylphenylsulfoxide; Diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane
- the curable compound of the present invention for example, a compound represented by the formula (1), particularly a compound represented by the formula (1), wherein L is a compound represented by the formula (1-2) or (1-3) Is a divalent group represented by the formula: above, at least one solvent selected from ethers, ketones, amides, halogenated hydrocarbons and sulfoxides (especially ethers, amides, halogenated hydrocarbons) , And at least one solvent selected from sulfoxides).
- the solubility of the curable compound in a solvent at 25 ° C. is 1 g or more, preferably 5 g or more, particularly preferably 10 g or more based on 100 g of the solvent.
- the curable compound has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 280 ° C or lower, for example, 80 to 280 ° C, preferably 80 to 250 ° C, and particularly preferably 100 to 200 ° C. Therefore, the melting temperature is low and the processability is excellent. If the Tg exceeds the above range, it is necessary to heat at a high temperature when melting, the workability is reduced, for example, when a composite material is produced by impregnating fibers with a curable compound in a molten state, There is a possibility that the curing reaction of the reactive compound proceeds and it becomes difficult to impregnate between the fine fibers. In addition, Tg can be measured by the DSC method.
- the nitrogen content of the curable compound is, for example, 2.8 to 0.1% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 0.15% by weight, more preferably 2.0 to 0.20% by weight, and particularly preferably. It is from 1.8 to 0.40% by weight, most preferably from 1.5 to 0.70% by weight.
- the nitrogen atom content can be determined, for example, by CHN elemental analysis.
- a curable compound having a nitrogen atom content in the above range is excellent in solvent solubility and can form a cured product excellent in toughness and heat resistance.
- the nitrogen atom content is below the above range, it tends to be difficult to form a cured product having excellent toughness and heat resistance.
- the solvent solubility tends to decrease.
- the curable compound (or the curable composition described later) is rapidly cured by heat treatment, has a highly crosslinked structure (that is, has a high crosslink density), A cured product having insulating properties and flame retardancy can be formed.
- the 5% weight loss temperature (T d5 ) of the cured product of the curable compound measured at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min (in nitrogen) is 300 ° C. or higher, preferably 400 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 450 ° C. C. or higher, most preferably 500 C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the 5% weight loss temperature (T d5 ) is, for example, 600 ° C., preferably 550 ° C., and particularly preferably 530 ° C.
- the 5% weight loss temperature can be measured by TG / DTA (simultaneous measurement of differential heat and thermogravimetry).
- the 10% weight loss temperature (T d10 ) of the cured product of the curable compound measured at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min (in nitrogen) is, for example, 300 ° C. or higher, preferably 400 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 480 ° C. C. or higher, most preferably 500 C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the 10% weight loss temperature (T d10 ) is, for example, 600 ° C., preferably 550 ° C.
- the 10% weight loss temperature can be measured by TG / DTA (simultaneous measurement of differential heat and thermogravimetry).
- the cured product of the curable compound has excellent flame retardancy, and the cured product having a thickness of 0.15 mm has a V-1 grade inflammability by a method conforming to UL94V, that is, the conditions of 1 to 5 below.
- the cured product of the curable compound has excellent insulating properties, and has a relative dielectric constant of, for example, 6 or less (for example, 1 to 6), preferably 5 or less (for example, 1 to 5), particularly preferably 4 or less (for example, 1 to 4). ).
- the cured product of the curable compound has excellent insulation properties, and its dielectric loss tangent is, for example, 0.05 or less (for example, 0.0001 to 0.05), preferably 0.0001 to 0.03, and particularly preferably 0. 0.0001 to 0.015.
- the “relative permittivity” and “dielectric tangent” are values measured at a measurement frequency of 1 MHz and a measurement temperature of 23 ° C. according to JIS-C2138, or at a frequency of 1 GHz and 23 ° C. according to ASTM @ D2520. The value to be measured.
- the curable compound of the present invention also has the above-mentioned properties, for example, a molding material of a composite material used under severe environmental temperature conditions such as electronic information equipment, home appliances, automobiles, precision instruments, etc., an insulating material, a heat-resistant adhesive It can be used as a functional material such as an agent.
- sealing agents, coating agents, adhesives, inks, sealants, resists, forming materials eg, base materials, electrical insulating materials (insulating films, etc.), laminated boards, composite materials (fiber reinforced plastics, prepregs, etc.), optics Element (lens etc.), stereolithography, electronic paper, touch panel, solar cell substrate, optical waveguide, light guide plate, holographic memory, etc. forming material].
- the curable compound of the present invention can be suitably used as an insulating material because the cured product has a low relative dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent.
- the curable compound of the present invention has the above characteristics, it is particularly difficult to cope with a conventional resin material. It can be preferably used as a stopping agent.
- the curable compound of the present invention since the curable compound of the present invention has the above-mentioned properties, it is used as an adhesive [for example, a heat-resistant adhesive used for laminating semiconductors in a semiconductor device (such as a power semiconductor) having high heat resistance and high withstand voltage]. Can be preferably used.
- the curable compound of the present invention since it has the above properties, it can be used as a paint (or a powder paint) [for example, a paint (or a powder paint) for a semiconductor device (such as a power semiconductor) having a high heat resistance and a high withstand voltage. ] Can be preferably used.
- a paint or a powder paint
- a semiconductor device such as a power semiconductor
- the curable compound is a compound having a constituent unit derived from an aromatic ring and a curable functional group, and the proportion of the constituent unit derived from the aromatic ring in the total amount of the curable compound is 50% by weight or more.
- the curable functional group is preferably a curable functional group having a cyclic imide structure, particularly preferably a curable functional group having a cyclic unsaturated imide structure, or a curable functional group having a cyclic imide structure having an arylethynyl group.
- a functional group most preferably a group selected from the groups represented by the following formulas (r-1) to (r-6), particularly preferably a group represented by the following formula (r-1) or (r-5) It is a group to be performed.
- curable compound a compound represented by the following formula (1) is preferable.
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and represent a curable functional group
- D 1 and D 2 are the same or different and represent a single bond or a linking group
- L represents a divalent group having a repeating unit including a structure represented by the following formula (I) and a structure represented by the following formula (II).
- Ar 1 to Ar 3 are the same or different, and a group in which two hydrogen atoms are removed from the structural formula of an aromatic ring, or two or more aromatic rings are bonded via a single bond or a linking group.
- X represents —CO—, —S—, or —SO 2 —
- Y represents the same or different and represents —S—, —SO 2 —, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —CONH—, where n is an integer of 0 or more.
- R 1 and R 2 represent a curable functional group.
- R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different.
- a curable functional group having a cyclic imide structure such as a group represented by the following formula (r) is preferable. (The bond extending from the nitrogen atom in the formula binds to D 1 or D 2 )
- Q represents C or CH.
- the two Qs in the formula are connected via a single bond or a double bond.
- n ′ is an integer of 0 or more (eg, an integer of 0 to 3, preferably 0 or 1).
- R 3 to R 6 are the same or different and are each independently a hydrogen atom, a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group (preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 10 alkynyl groups), an aromatic hydrocarbon group (preferably, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a phenyl group and a naphthyl group), or the saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- a group in which two or more selected groups are bonded. Two groups selected from R 3 to R 6 may be bonded to each other to form a ring together with adjacent carbon atoms.
- Examples of the ring which two groups selected from R 3 to R 6 may bond to each other to form together with adjacent carbon atoms include an alicyclic ring having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and a ring having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic ring of The alicyclic ring having 3 to 20 carbon atoms includes, for example, about 3 to 20 members (preferably 3 to 15 members, particularly preferably 5 to 8 members) such as a cyclopropane ring, a cyclobutane ring, a cyclopentane ring and a cyclohexane ring.
- a cycloalkene ring of about 3 to 20 members such as a cyclopentene ring and a cyclohexene ring; a perhydronaphthalene ring, a norbornane ring and a norbornene ring , Adamantane ring, tricyclo [5.2.1.0 2,6 ] decane ring, tetracyclo [4.4.0.1 2,5 . [ 1,7,10 ] dodecane rings and the like.
- the aromatic ring having 6 to 14 carbon atoms includes a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring and the like.
- curable functional group having a cyclic imide structure among others, a curable functional group having a cyclic unsaturated imide structure, or a curable functional group having a cyclic imide structure having an arylethynyl group is preferable, and particularly preferably. It is a group selected from the groups represented by the following formulas (r-1) to (r-6), and particularly preferably a group represented by the following formula (r-1) or (r-5). (The bond extending from the nitrogen atom in the formula binds to D 1 or D 2 in the formula (1))
- One or more substituents may be bonded to the groups represented by the formulas (r-1) to (r-6).
- substituents include an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom.
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms examples include direct groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, s-butyl group, t-butyl group, pentyl group, and hexyl group.
- direct groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, s-butyl group, t-butyl group, pentyl group, and hexyl group.
- a linear or branched alkyl group can be mentioned.
- alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms examples include a linear or branched alkoxy group such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a butoxy group and a t-butyloxy group.
- D 1 and D 2 are the same or different and represent a single bond or a linking group.
- the linking group include a divalent hydrocarbon group, a divalent heterocyclic group, a carbonyl group, an ether bond, an ester bond, a carbonate bond, an amide bond, an imide bond, and a group in which a plurality of these are linked. Is mentioned.
- the divalent hydrocarbon group includes a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group include a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and a linear or branched alkenylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms include a methylene group, a methylmethylene group, a dimethylmethylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, and a trimethylene group.
- Examples of the linear or branched alkenylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms include a vinylene group, a 1-methylvinylene group, a propenylene group, a 1-butenylene group, and a 2-butenylene group.
- Examples of the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, such as a 1,2-cyclopentylene group and a 1,3-cyclopentene group.
- a cycloalkylene group (including a cycloalkylidene group) such as a len group, a cyclopentylidene group, a 1,2-cyclohexylene group, a 1,3-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, and a cyclohexylidene group; No.
- divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group examples include an arylene group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, such as a 1,4-phenylene group, a 1,3-phenylene group, and a 4,4′-biphenylene group. , 3,3'-biphenylene group, 2,6-naphthalenediyl group, 2,7-naphthalenediyl group, 1,8-naphthalenediyl group, anthracenediyl group and the like.
- the heterocyclic ring constituting the divalent heterocyclic group includes an aromatic heterocyclic ring and a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring.
- a 3- to 10-membered ring preferably a 4- to 6-membered ring
- having a carbon atom and at least one kind of hetero atom for example, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, etc.
- Ring and condensed rings thereof.
- a heterocyclic ring containing an oxygen atom as a hetero atom eg, a three-membered ring such as an oxirane ring; a four-membered ring such as an oxetane ring; a furan ring, a tetrahydrofuran ring, an oxazole ring, an isoxazole ring, and a ⁇ -butyrolactone ring
- 5-membered ring such as 4-oxo-4H-pyran ring, tetrahydropyran ring, morpholine ring and the like; benzofuran ring, isobenzofuran ring, 4-oxo-4H-chromene ring, chroman ring, isochroman ring and the like Condensed ring; 3-oxatricyclo [4.3.1.1 4,8 ] undecane-2-one ring, 3-oxatricyclo [4.2.1.0 4,8 ] nonan-2-one ring
- D 1 and D 2 preferably include a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, since a cured product having particularly excellent heat resistance can be obtained.
- the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably a group represented by the following formulas (d-1) to (d-4). And particularly preferably a group represented by the following formula (d-1) (a 1,2-phenylene group, a 1,3-phenylene group, or a 1,4-phenylene group).
- D 1 and D 2 are, together with the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, at least one group selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, an ether bond, an ester bond, a carbonate bond, an amide bond, and an imide bond. Is preferably a group in which an ether bond is connected to the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- R 1 -D 1 -group and the R 2 -D 2 -group in the formula (1) the same or different groups represented by the following formula (rd-1) or (rd-2) Is preferable, and a group represented by the following formula (rd-1-1) or (rd-2-1) is particularly preferable.
- a bond extending from a phenylene group or an oxygen atom in the formula is bonded to L in the formula (1)
- L in the formula (1) represents a divalent group having a repeating unit including the structure represented by the formula (I) and the structure represented by the formula (II).
- Ar 1 to Ar 3 in the formulas (I) and (II) are the same or different, and a group in which two hydrogen atoms are removed from the structural formula of an aromatic ring, or two or more aromatic rings are a single bond Or a group in which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from a structural formula bonded via a linking group.
- X is -CO -, - S-, or -SO 2 - indicates, Y are the same or different, -S -, - SO 2 - , - O -, - CO -, - COO-, or -CONH Indicates-.
- n represents an integer of 0 or more, for example, an integer of 0 to 5, preferably an integer of 1 to 5, and particularly preferably an integer of 1 to 3.
- aromatic ring examples include C6-C14 aromatic rings such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene. In the present invention, among them, aromatic rings having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as benzene and naphthalene are preferred.
- linking group examples include a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms of a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms are substituted with a halogen atom. Is mentioned.
- Examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include linear or branched alkylene groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methylene group, a methylmethylene group, a dimethylmethylene group, a dimethylene group, and a trimethylene group.
- a linear or branched alkenylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a vinylene group, a 1-methylvinylene group, or a propenylene group; a C2 to C5 group, such as an ethynylene group, a propynylene group, or 1-methylpropynylene; It includes a linear or branched alkynylene group.
- a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable, and a branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- Ar 1 to Ar 3 may be the same or different and are the same as or different from those of the aromatic ring having 6 to 14 carbon atoms except for two hydrogen atoms, or two of the aromatic rings having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
- one or more hydrogen atoms of a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or one or more hydrogen atoms of a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms are substituted with a halogen atom.
- two or more of the aromatic rings having 6 to 14 carbon atoms have a single bond, a branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or one or more hydrogen atoms of a branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Ar 1 to Ar 3 are particularly preferably the same or different and are selected from groups represented by the following formulas (a-1) to (a-5).
- the position of the bond in the following formula is not particularly limited.
- a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from the structural formula of an aromatic ring having 6 to 14 carbon atoms is preferable, and in particular, the above formula (a-1) Or the group represented by (a-2) is preferable.
- X is particularly preferably -CO- or -SO 2- .
- the structure represented by the formula (I) preferably includes a structure derived from benzophenone.
- the proportion of the structure derived from the aromatic ring in the total amount of the compound represented by the formula (1) is 50% by weight or more, for example, 50 to 90% by weight, preferably 60 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 65 to 80% by weight. It is.
- the proportion of the benzophenone-derived structural unit in the total amount of the compound represented by the formula (1) is, for example, 5% by weight or more, preferably 10 to 62% by weight, and particularly preferably 15 to 60% by weight.
- Ar 3 in the formula (II) is preferably a group selected from the groups represented by the above formulas (a-1), (a-4) and (a-5). Further, Y is particularly preferably -S-, -O-, or -SO 2- .
- Examples of the structure represented by the formula (II) include hydroquinone, resorcinol, 2,6-naphthalenediol, 2,7-naphthalenediol, 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl ether, It preferably contains a structure derived from at least one compound selected from 4'-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfide, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, and bisphenol A, especially hydroquinone, resorcinol And a structure derived from at least one compound selected from bisphenol A.
- Hydroquinone resorcinol, 2,6-naphthalenediol, 2,7-naphthalenediol, 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl ether, 4,4 'in the total amount of the compound represented by the formula (1)
- the proportion of structural units derived from -dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfide, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone and bisphenol A is, for example, 5% by weight or more, preferably 10 to 55% by weight, particularly preferably. Is from 15 to 53% by weight.
- the proportion of structural units derived from hydroquinone, resorcinol, and bisphenol A in the total amount of the compound represented by the formula (1) is, for example, 5% by weight or more, preferably 10 to 55% by weight, and particularly preferably 15 to 53% by weight. % By weight.
- a divalent group represented by the following formula (L-1) is preferable, since a cured product having particularly excellent heat resistance can be obtained.
- m is less than 2
- the strength and heat resistance of the obtained cured product tend to be insufficient.
- m is more than 50
- the melting temperature tends to increase.
- the solvent solubility tends to decrease.
- the value of m can be determined by GPC measurement or NMR spectrum analysis.
- n ′′ in the above formula (L-1) represents an integer of 0 or more, and Ar 1 to Ar 3 are the same as above.
- a plurality of Ar 1 in the above formula (L-1) represents the same group. The same applies to Ar 2 and Ar 3 .
- L in the formula (1) is particularly preferably a divalent group represented by the following formula (L-1-1) or (L-1-2).
- the number of units that is, the average degree of polymerization, for example, 2 to 50, preferably 3 to 40, more preferably 4 to 30, particularly preferably 5 to 20, and most preferably 5 to 10.
- the values of m1 and m2 can be determined by GPC measurement or NMR spectrum analysis.
- L in the formula (1) is a divalent group represented by the formula (L-1-1) or (L-1-2), Compounds in which m1 and m2 in the formula are 5 to 10 melt at 300 ° C. or lower (about 250 ° C.), and therefore can be melt-molded at a lower temperature than PEEK or the like, and are particularly excellent in processability.
- the average degree of polymerization of the molecular chain when the average degree of polymerization of the molecular chain is below the above range, the obtained cured product tends to become brittle and the mechanical properties tend to deteriorate. Further, when the average degree of polymerization of the molecular chain exceeds the above range, the processability tends to decrease due to a decrease in solubility in a solvent or an increase in a melt viscosity.
- the compound represented by the above formula (1) can be produced, for example, by using a synthesis method described in Polymer ⁇ 1989 ⁇ p978 ⁇ .
- An example of the method for producing the compound represented by the above formula (1) is shown below, but the present invention is not limited to the method produced by this method.
- the compound represented by the following formula (1a) can be produced, for example, through the following steps [1] to [3].
- Ar 1 to Ar 3 , X, Y, n, R 3 to R 6 , Q and n ′ are the same as described above.
- D represents a linking group
- Z represents a halogen atom.
- m is the average degree of polymerization of the repeating unit, for example, 3 to 50, preferably 4 to 30, and particularly preferably 5 to 20.
- compounds other than the compound represented by the following formula (1a) can be produced according to the following method.
- Step [1] A compound represented by the following formula (2), which is a reaction substrate, is reacted with a compound represented by the following formula (3) in the presence of a base to give a compound represented by the following formula (4). Is obtained.
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (2) include halides such as benzophenone, 2-naphthyl phenyl ketone, and bis (2-naphthyl) ketone, and derivatives thereof.
- Examples of the compound represented by the above formula (3) include hydroquinone, resorcinol, 2,6-naphthalenediol, 2,7-naphthalenediol, 1,5-naphthalenediol, 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4'-dihydroxydiphenyl ether, 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfide, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, 2,5-dihydroxybiphenyl, and the like And the like.
- Examples of the derivative include a compound represented by the formula (2) and a compound represented by the formula (3) in which a substituent is bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom.
- the amounts of the compound represented by the formula (2) and the compound represented by the formula (3) are generally represented by the formula (2) based on 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (3).
- the compound is at least 1 mol, and it is desirable to adjust the amount of the compound represented by the formula (2) according to the average degree of polymerization of the molecular chain in the desired compound (1).
- the compound represented by the formula (2) is about 1.2 mol (for example, 1.18 to 1.22 mol) per 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (3).
- the compound represented by the formula (2) is about 1.1 mol (for example, 1.08 to 1.12 mol), and when the average degree of polymerization is 20, the compound represented by the formula (2) is represented by the formula (2). It is preferable to use about 1.05 mol of the compound (for example, 1.04 to 1.06 mol).
- the compound represented by the formula (2) it is preferable to use at least a benzophenone halide, and the amount of the benzophenone halide used in the total amount (100 mol%) of the compound represented by the formula (2) Is, for example, 10 mol% or more, preferably 30 mol% or more, particularly preferably 50 mol% or more, and most preferably 80 mol% or more. Note that the upper limit is 100 mol%.
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (3) include hydroquinone, resorcinol, 2,6-naphthalenediol, 2,7-naphthalenediol, 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl ether, 4,4 ′ -Dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfide, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone, and at least one selected from bisphenol A (particularly, at least one selected from hydroquinone, resorcinol, and bisphenol A)
- the compound of the formula (1) it is preferable to use the compound of the formula (1), and the total amount of the compound used is, for example, 10 mol% or more, preferably 30 mol% or more of the total use amount (100 mol%) of the compound represented by the formula (3). Particularly preferably at least 50 mol%, most preferably The Mashiku 80 mol% or more. Note that the upper limit is 100
- a base for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, etc.
- Inorganic base of at least one selected from organic bases such as pyridine and triethylamine is used.
- the amount of the base used can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of the base.
- the amount of the diacid base such as calcium hydroxide used is about 1.0 to 2.0 mol per 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (3).
- This reaction can be carried out in the presence of a solvent.
- a solvent for example, an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, or a mixed solvent of two or more of these can be used.
- the amount of the solvent used is, for example, about 5 to 20 times by weight based on the total (weight) of the reaction substrates. If the amount of the solvent exceeds the above range, the concentration of the reaction substrate tends to decrease, and the reaction rate tends to decrease.
- the reaction atmosphere is not particularly limited as long as the reaction is not hindered, and may be, for example, any of an air atmosphere, a nitrogen atmosphere, and an argon atmosphere.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, about 100 to 200 ° C.
- the reaction time is, for example, about 5 to 24 hours. This reaction can be performed by any method such as a batch system, a semi-batch system, and a continuous system.
- the obtained reaction product can be separated and purified by a separation means such as filtration, concentration, distillation, extraction, crystallization, adsorption, recrystallization, column chromatography, or a combination thereof.
- a separation means such as filtration, concentration, distillation, extraction, crystallization, adsorption, recrystallization, column chromatography, or a combination thereof.
- Step [2] Examples of the compound represented by the above formula (5) include 4-aminophenol, 2-amino-6-hydroxynaphthalene, and positional isomers and derivatives thereof.
- the amount of the compound represented by the formula (5) can be appropriately adjusted according to the average degree of polymerization of the molecular chain in the desired curable compound. For example, when the average degree of polymerization is 5, the amount becomes about 0.4 to 0.6 mol per 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (3), and when the average degree of polymerization is 10, the amount is represented by the formula (3). In the case of an amount of about 0.2 to 0.4 mol with respect to 1 mol of the compound and an average degree of polymerization of 20, 0.1 to 0.2 mol per 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (3). The amount is about 15 mol.
- this reaction produces hydrogen halide as it proceeds, it is preferable to carry out the reaction in the presence of a base that traps the produced hydrogen halide in that an effect of accelerating the reaction can be obtained.
- a base include inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and sodium hydrogen carbonate; and organic bases such as pyridine and triethylamine. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the base used can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of the base.
- the amount of the monoacid base such as sodium hydroxide used is about 1.0 to 3.0 mol per 1 mol of the compound represented by the above formula (5).
- This reaction can be carried out in the presence of a solvent.
- a solvent those similar to those used in the step [1] can be used.
- the reaction temperature is, for example, about 100 to 200 ° C.
- the reaction time is, for example, about 1 to 15 hours. This reaction can be performed by any method such as a batch system, a semi-batch system, and a continuous system.
- the obtained reaction product can be separated and purified by a separation means such as filtration, concentration, distillation, extraction, crystallization, adsorption, recrystallization, column chromatography, or a combination thereof.
- a separation means such as filtration, concentration, distillation, extraction, crystallization, adsorption, recrystallization, column chromatography, or a combination thereof.
- cyclic acid anhydride examples include, for example, maleic anhydride, 2-phenylmaleic anhydride, 4-phenylethynyl-phthalic anhydride, 4- (1-naphthylethynyl) -Phthalic anhydride, bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, derivatives thereof and the like.
- the amount of the cyclic acid anhydride to be used can be appropriately adjusted according to the average degree of polymerization of the molecular chain in the desired curable compound. For example, when the average degree of polymerization is 5, the amount is about 0.4 to 0.8 mol per 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (3), and when the average degree of polymerization is 10, the amount is represented by the formula (3). In the case of an amount of about 0.2 to 0.4 mol with respect to 1 mol of the compound and an average degree of polymerization of 20, 0.1 to 0.2 mol per 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (3). The amount is about 15 mol.
- This reaction can be performed in the presence of a solvent.
- a solvent those similar to those used in the step [1] can be used.
- This reaction is preferably performed at room temperature (1 to 30 ° C.).
- the reaction time is, for example, about 1 to 30 hours.
- This reaction can be performed by any method such as a batch system, a semi-batch system, and a continuous system.
- azeotropic distillation using a solvent azeotroping with water eg, toluene
- a dehydrating agent eg, acetic anhydride
- water e.g. toluene
- a dehydrating agent e.g, acetic anhydride
- the removal of generated water by the dehydrating agent is preferably performed in the presence of a basic catalyst (for example, triethylamine or the like).
- the obtained reaction product can be separated and purified by a separation means such as filtration, concentration, distillation, extraction, crystallization, adsorption, recrystallization, column chromatography, or a combination thereof.
- a separation means such as filtration, concentration, distillation, extraction, crystallization, adsorption, recrystallization, column chromatography, or a combination thereof.
- the exothermic peak temperature of the compound represented by the formula (1) depends on the type of the curable functional group, but is, for example, 170 to 450 ° C, preferably 200 to 430 ° C, and particularly preferably 220 to 420 ° C.
- the exothermic peak temperature is determined by DSC measurement.
- the exothermic peak temperature of the compound represented by the formula (1) is determined by the type of the curable functional group, it is preferable to select the curable functional group according to the molding method to be adopted.
- the curable functional group in the compound represented by the formula (1) is represented by the above formula (r-5)
- a group represented by the formula (1) can be formed by heating at a temperature of about 250 ° C.
- the curable compound when the group represented by the formula (r-1) is selected as the curable functional group in the compound represented by the formula (1), the curable compound is melted at a temperature of about 300 ° C. or less and molded. By heating at a temperature of about 380 ° C., a cured product can be formed.
- the heating may be performed while the temperature is kept constant, or may be performed stepwise.
- the heating temperature can be appropriately adjusted according to the heating time. For example, when shortening the heating time is desired, it is preferable to set the heating temperature higher. Since the compound represented by the formula (1) has a high proportion of a structure derived from an aromatic ring, a cured product (specifically, a cured product having super heat resistance) is formed without being decomposed even when heated at a high temperature. By heating at a high temperature for a short time, a cured product can be efficiently formed with excellent workability.
- the heating means is not particularly limited, and any known or commonly used means can be used.
- the curing of the compound represented by the formula (1) can be performed under normal pressure, or can be performed under reduced pressure or under increased pressure.
- a semi-cured product (B stage) can be obtained by adjusting the heating temperature and the heating time of the compound represented by the formula (1) and stopping the curing reaction halfway without completing the curing reaction.
- the degree of cure of the semi-cured product is, for example, 85% or less (eg, 10 to 85%, particularly preferably 15 to 75%, more preferably 20 to 70%).
- the semi-cured product of the compound represented by the formula (1) temporarily exhibits fluidity by heating, and can follow a step.
- a cured product having excellent heat resistance can be formed by performing the heat treatment.
- the curable composition of the present invention is characterized by containing one or more of the above curable compounds.
- the content of the curable compound in the total amount of the curable composition of the present invention (or the total amount of non-volatile components in the curable composition of the present invention) (when two or more kinds are contained, the total amount thereof) is, for example, 30% by weight or more.
- the upper limit is 100% by weight. That is, the curable composition of the present invention may be composed of only the curable compound.
- the curable composition of the present invention may contain other components as necessary in addition to the curable compound.
- known or commonly used additives can be used.
- curable compounds other than the compound represented by the above formula (1) catalysts, fillers, organic resins (silicone resins, epoxy resins, fluorine resins) Resin, etc.), solvent, stabilizer (antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, light stabilizer, heat stabilizer, etc.), flame retardant (phosphorus flame retardant, halogen flame retardant, inorganic flame retardant, etc.), difficult Fuel aids, reinforcing materials, nucleating agents, coupling agents, lubricants, waxes, plasticizers, release agents, impact modifiers, hue improvers, flow improvers, colorants (dyes, pigments, etc.), dispersion Agents, defoamers, defoamers, antibacterial agents, preservatives, viscosity modifiers, thickeners and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the filler includes an organic filler and an inorganic filler.
- the raw material of the filler for example, carbon materials (for example, carbon black, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, natural graphite, coke, carbon nanotube, diamond, etc.), carbon compounds (silicon carbide, fluorine carbide, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, Titanium carbide), nitrogen compounds (boron nitride, aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, carbon nitride, silicon nitride, etc.), minerals or ceramics (talc, mica, zeolite, ferrite, tourmaline, diatomaceous earth, calcined siliceous earth, kaolin, Sericite, bentonite, smectite, clay, silica, quartz powder, glass beads, glass powder, glass flakes, milled fiber, wollastonite, etc., simple metals or alloys (eg, metallic silicon, iron, copper, magnesium, aluminum, Gold, silver
- the content of the filler is, for example, in the range of 0.1 to 95 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the curable compound, and can be appropriately adjusted depending on the use.
- the curable composition of the present invention preferably contains at least a compound represented by the above formula (1) as a curable compound. Further, a curable compound other than the compound represented by the above formula (1) may be contained, but the curable compound represented by the above formula (1) in the total amount (100% by weight) of the curable compound contained in the curable composition may be contained.
- the proportion of the compound to be prepared is, for example, 70% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more, particularly preferably 90% by weight or more. The upper limit is 100% by weight.
- the curable composition of the present invention contains a curable compound having excellent solvent solubility
- the curable composition may be a solvent-soluble substance in which the curable compound is dissolved in a solvent.
- a solvent in which the curable compound exhibits good solubility is preferable, and examples thereof include ketones, amides, halogenated hydrocarbons, sulfoxides, ethers, esters, nitriles, aromatic hydrocarbons, and mixtures of two or more of these.
- Liquids are preferred, and in particular, at least one solvent selected from ethers, ketones, amides, halogenated hydrocarbons, and sulfoxides, and particularly at least one solvent selected from ethers, amides, halogenated hydrocarbons, and sulfoxides Some solvents are preferred.
- the curable composition of the present invention does not contain a crosslinking agent or a curing accelerator (for example, the total content of the crosslinking agent and the curing accelerator in the total amount of the curable composition of the present invention is 3% by weight or less, preferably (Less than 1% by weight), a cured product can be formed quickly. Therefore, the obtained cured product has super heat resistance.
- the content of the unreacted curing accelerator and the decomposition product of the curing accelerator in the cured product can be suppressed to an extremely low level, the generation of outgas derived from these can be suppressed.
- the curable composition of the present invention contains the above curable compound, it can be rapidly cured by heat treatment to form a cured product having super heat resistance.
- the heat treatment conditions can be set as appropriate within the same range as the curing conditions for the curable compound described above.
- the curable composition of the present invention contains the curable compound, it is quickly cured by being applied on a substrate and subjected to a heat treatment to form a cured product having excellent adhesion to the substrate.
- the tensile shear force (based on JIS K6850 (1999)) between the substrate and the cured product is, for example, 1 MPa or more, preferably 5 MPa or more, and particularly preferably 10 MPa or more.
- the tensile shearing force can be measured at a tensile speed of 300 mm / min and a peeling angle of 180 ° using a tensile tester (manufactured by Orientec, Tensilon UCT-5T).
- the curable composition of the present invention can be used under severe environmental temperature conditions, for example, in electronic information devices, home appliances, automobiles, precision machines, aircraft, space industry equipment, and energy fields (oil field drilling pipes / tubes, fuel containers). Molding materials for composite materials (fiber reinforced plastics, prepregs, etc.) used, functional materials such as shielding materials, conductive materials (for example, heat conductive materials), insulating materials, adhesives (for example, heat-resistant adhesives) Can be suitably used.
- automotive parts such as sealants, paints, inks, sealants, resists, molding materials, forming materials [thrust washers, oil filters, seals, bearings, gears, cylinder head covers, bearing retainers, intake manifolds, pedals, etc .;
- Semiconductors and liquid crystals such as electrical insulating materials (insulating films, etc.), laminated boards, electronic paper, touch panels, solar cell substrates, optical waveguides, light guide plates, holographic memories, silicon wafer carriers, IC chip trays, electrolytic capacitor trays, insulating films, etc.
- Body Such as used for Body can be preferably used as the forming material] such members and the like for electric and electronic equipment as typified by a keyboard support which is a member for supporting a keyboard inside a personal computer.
- the curable composition of the present invention has the above-mentioned properties, it particularly covers a semiconductor element in a semiconductor device (such as a power semiconductor) having a high heat resistance and a high withstand voltage, which has been difficult to cope with a conventional resin material. It can be preferably used as a sealant.
- the curable composition of the present invention since the curable composition of the present invention has the above-mentioned properties, it can be used as an adhesive [for example, a heat-resistant adhesive used for laminating semiconductors in a semiconductor device (such as a power semiconductor) having high heat resistance and high withstand voltage]. ] Can be preferably used.
- the curable composition of the present invention has the above characteristics, it can be used as a paint (or a powder paint) [for example, a paint (or a powder paint) for a semiconductor device (such as a power semiconductor) having a high heat resistance and a high withstand voltage. ] Can be preferably used.
- Solids The solid of the present invention contains a cured product of a curable compound and has the following properties. Solid properties: The 5% weight loss temperature (T d5 ) measured at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min (in nitrogen) is 300 ° C. or more, and the nitrogen atom content after heat treatment at 320 ° C. for 30 minutes is 2%. 0.8 to 0.1% by weight
- the cured product of the curable compound is a crosslinked structure (or polymer) of the curable compound.
- the solid of the present invention may contain other components in addition to the cured product of the curable compound, but the proportion of the cured product in the total solid content is, for example, 70% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more. % By weight or more, particularly preferably 90% by weight or more. The upper limit is 100% by weight.
- the 5% weight loss temperature (T d5 ) of the solid is preferably 400 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 450 ° C. or higher, and most preferably 500 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the 5% weight loss temperature (T d5 ) is, for example, 600 ° C., preferably 550 ° C., and particularly preferably 530 ° C.
- the nitrogen content of the solid after the heat treatment is, for example, 2.8 to 0.1% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 0.15% by weight, more preferably 2.0 to 0.20% by weight. %, Particularly preferably 1.8 to 0.40% by weight, most preferably 1.5 to 0.70% by weight. Therefore, the solid of the present invention is excellent in toughness and heat resistance. On the other hand, if the nitrogen atom content is below the above range, the toughness and heat resistance of the solid tend to decrease.
- the nitrogen atom content in the solid after the heat treatment can be determined, for example, by CHN elemental analysis.
- the solid may contain additives other than the cured product of the curable compound, but when the solid is subjected to a heat treatment at 320 ° C. for 30 minutes, an additive having a decomposition point or a boiling point below 320 ° C. The substance is decomposed and disappears, and only a cured product of the curable compound remains. Therefore, the nitrogen atom content in the cured product after the heat treatment can be estimated as the nitrogen atom content contained in the cured product of the curable compound.
- a hardening process can also be heat processing from a viewpoint of a heat history.
- the solid of the present invention has a peak in a region of 1620 to 1750 cm -1 in the IR spectrum.
- the solid material of the present invention is, for example, a curable compound represented by the formula (1) wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are curable functional groups having a cyclic imide structure (particularly preferably Wherein R 1 and R 2 in the formula are the same or different and are groups selected from the groups represented by the formulas (r-1) to (r-6) Compound) or a curable composition containing the curable compound, and then subjecting the composition to heat treatment.
- the solid of the present invention is a curable compound represented by the formula (1) wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are curable functional groups having a cyclic imide structure (particularly preferably Wherein R 1 and R 2 in the formula are the same or different and are groups selected from the groups represented by the formulas (r-1) to (r-6) It is preferable that the content of the cured product is, for example, 70% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 90% by weight or more of the total amount of the solid matter. The upper limit is 100% by weight.
- the structure of the present invention is a particulate or planar structure containing a cured or semi-cured product of the curable compound.
- the structure of the present invention can be produced by subjecting the curable compound (or the curable composition) to a molding method such as injection molding, transfer molding, compression molding, or extrusion molding.
- the structure of the present invention is excellent in heat resistance and flame retardancy. Further, the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent are low. Therefore, it can be suitably used as a material that replaces metals such as iron and aluminum in the fields of housing and construction, sports equipment, automobiles, and the aerospace industry. Further, it can be suitably used as a structure to be installed in a place where flame retardancy is required by the Fire Service Law, such as a high-rise building, an underground shopping mall, a theater, a vehicle, and the like. In particular, a planar structure can be suitably used as an interlayer insulating film of an electric device.
- the laminate of the present invention has a configuration in which a cured or semi-cured product of the curable compound and a substrate are laminated.
- the laminate of the present invention includes a cured product or semi-cured product / substrate of the curable compound, and a cured product or semi-cured product / substrate of the substrate / curable compound.
- Examples of the material of the substrate include a semiconductor material (eg, ceramic, SiC, gallium nitride, etc.), paper, coated paper, plastic film, wood, cloth, nonwoven fabric, and metal (eg, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, copper) ) And the like.
- a semiconductor material eg, ceramic, SiC, gallium nitride, etc.
- paper coated paper
- plastic film wood, cloth, nonwoven fabric
- metal eg, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, copper
- the substrate includes a cured or semi-cured product of the curable compound, and is laminated via an adhesive layer having excellent heat resistance, flame retardancy, insulation, and adhesion to the substrate. It has a configuration.
- the laminate of the present invention can be suitably used, for example, as an electronic circuit board or the like.
- the laminate of the present invention can be produced, for example, by placing the curable compound on a substrate and performing a heat treatment.
- the method for producing a laminate of the present invention includes the following methods. 1. 1. A method in which the curable compound is placed on a substrate as a solid (for example, a powdered solid) and then subjected to a heat treatment. 2. A method of forming a thin film containing the curable compound on a substrate and then performing a heat treatment. A method of laminating a thin film containing the curable compound on a substrate and then performing a heat treatment
- the heat treatment conditions can be appropriately set within the same range as the curing conditions for the curable compound described above.
- the thin film of the above method 2 can be produced, for example, by applying a melt of the above-mentioned curable compound on a substrate and cooling the obtained coating film. Further, the thin film can also be manufactured by applying a solvent solution or a solvent dispersion of the curable compound on a substrate, and drying the obtained coating film.
- the thin film to be laminated on the substrate for example, a thin film obtained by applying a melt of the curable compound on a support, cooling the obtained coating film, and then peeling off the support is used. be able to. Further, as the thin film, a film obtained by applying a solvent solution or a solvent dispersion of the above-mentioned curable compound on a support, drying the obtained coating film, and peeling it off from the support can also be used.
- the material for forming the support In order to easily peel the thin film formed on the support from the support, it is necessary to use a material that does not melt at the temperature at which the thin film containing the curable compound is formed, as the material for forming the support.
- a material that does not melt at the temperature at which the thin film containing the curable compound is formed As the material for forming the support.
- PEEK is used as a curable compound
- the melting point of PEEK is 343 ° C., which is extremely high. It is. For this reason, it is difficult to use a plastic support, and a metal or glass support has been used.
- the curable compound exhibits excellent solvent solubility at room temperature (1 to 30 ° C.).
- the curable compound melts at a temperature at which plastics such as polyimide and fluororesin do not melt.
- a temperature at which plastics such as polyimide and fluororesin do not melt For example, in the case of a curable compound in which R 1 and R 2 in the formula (1) are groups represented by the formula (r-5), the curing temperature is about 250 ° C. Therefore, a plastic support (for example, a support made of polyimide or fluororesin) can be used.
- a belt conveyor is included.
- the laminate can be manufactured continuously on a manufacturing line.
- the curable compound has small curing shrinkage and is excellent in shape stability. Therefore, if the curable compound is uniformly applied on a support or the like, a thin film having a smooth surface can be obtained, and when this thin film is cured, a cured product or a semi-cured product having excellent surface smoothness can be formed. Can be. Therefore, the cured product or semi-cured product can be adhered well to the surface of the substrate having low flexibility and shape followability, and can be firmly bonded to the substrate.
- the laminate can be suitably used for an electronic circuit board.
- the composite material of the present invention contains a cured or semi-cured product of the curable compound and fibers.
- the shape of the composite material is not particularly limited, such as a fiber shape and a sheet shape.
- the fibers include carbon fibers, aramid fibers, and glass fibers. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the fiber may be in the form of a thread or a sheet (woven or non-woven fabric).
- the composite material of the present invention can be produced, for example, by impregnating fibers with a solution in which the above-mentioned curable compound is dissolved in a solvent or a melt of the above-mentioned curable compound and subjecting the fiber to heat treatment. By the heat treatment, the impregnated curable compound can be cured or semi-cured.
- the composite material obtained by semi-curing the impregnated curable compound can be suitably used as an intermediate product such as a prepreg.
- the composite material of the present invention has a structure in which the above-mentioned curable compound enters the voids of the fiber and is cured, is lightweight, has high strength, and is excellent in heat resistance, flame retardancy, and insulation. Therefore, it can be suitably used as a material that replaces metals such as iron and aluminum in the fields of housing and construction, sports equipment, automobiles, and the aerospace industry.
- fire-fighting clothing fire protection clothing, activity clothing, rescue clothing, heat-resistant clothing
- curtains to be installed in places where fire resistance is required by the Fire Service Law such as high-rise buildings, underground shopping centers, theaters, and vehicles. It can be suitably used as a rug material; a separator such as a separator for a secondary battery or a fuel cell; a filter such as an industrial filter, a vehicle-mounted filter, or a medical filter; or a space material.
- PEPEEK (commercially available PEEK powder, polyether ether ketone, VICTREX 151G, melting point 343 ° C, Tg 147 ° C) was used for the comparative example.
- This powdery solid was repeatedly washed with methanol and water, and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. for 8 hours to obtain a powdery solid (diamine (1), a compound represented by the following formula, yield: 95%). .
- the obtained powdery solid was subjected to GPC measurement (solvent THF, standard polystyrene conversion) to find that the number average molecular weight was 2,070, the weight average molecular weight was 3,500, and the average degree of polymerization (m-1) was 5.8. Was.
- This powdery solid was repeatedly washed with methanol and water, and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. for 8 hours to obtain a powdery solid (diamine (2), a compound represented by the following formula, yield: 95%). .
- the obtained powdery solid was subjected to GPC measurement (solvent THF, standard polystyrene conversion) to find that the number average molecular weight was 2,920, the weight average molecular weight was 5,100, and the average degree of polymerization (m-2) was 6.2. Was.
- Example 1 (Production of curable compound A) 5.88 g of maleic anhydride, 50 mL of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and 200 mL of toluene were placed in a 1000 mL (three-necked) flask equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen inlet tube, and a drying tube, followed by purging with nitrogen. Thereto was added a solution in which 26.76 g of the diamine (1) obtained in Preparation Example 1 was dissolved in 250 mL of NMP, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere for 24 hours.
- FIG. 5 shows the 1 H-NMR spectrum of the curable compound A
- FIG. 6 shows the FTIR spectrum.
- the ratio of the structure derived from the aromatic ring was determined by 1 H-NMR.
- Example 2 (Production of curable compound B) In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the diamine (2) obtained in Preparation Example 2 was used instead of the diamine (1), and a solution in which 48.57 g of the diamine (2) was dissolved in 330 mL of NMP was used. As a result, a powdery solid (curable compound B, compound represented by the following formula (B), ratio of structure derived from aromatic ring: 71% by weight, yield: 90%) was obtained.
- FIG. 7 shows the 1 H-NMR spectrum of the curable compound B
- FIG. 8 shows the FTIR spectrum.
- Example 3 Synthesis of curable compound C
- diamine (1) obtained in Preparation Example 1
- 1.852 g of 4-phenylethynyl-phthalic anhydride, and N- 33 mL of methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere for 24 hours.
- 4.215 g of acetic anhydride and 1.405 g of triethylamine were added, and the mixture was stirred at 60 ° C. for 6 hours.
- FIG. 9 shows the 1 H-NMR spectrum of the curable compound C
- FIG. 10 shows the FTIR spectrum.
- Example 4 (Synthesis of Curable Compound D) A diamine (2) obtained in Preparation Example 2 was used in place of the diamine (1), except that 4.550 g of the diamine (2) was used and 1.395 g of 4-phenylethynyl-phthalic anhydride was used. In the same manner as in Example 3, a powdery solid (curable compound D, compound represented by the following formula (D), ratio of structure derived from aromatic ring: 74% by weight, yield: 90%) was obtained. .
- FIG. 11 shows the 1 H-NMR spectrum of the curable compound D
- FIG. 12 shows the FTIR spectrum.
- Tg The Tg of the curable compounds A, B, C, and D obtained in the examples were determined by DSC measurement.
- FIG. 13 shows the DSC measurement results of the curable compounds C and D.
- Curable compound D had a Tg of about 140 ° C.
- curable compound C had a Tg of about 120 ° C.
- an exothermic peak due to a curing reaction was observed at around 400 ° C.
- FIG. 15 shows the thermogravimetric loss analysis results of the cured product of the curable compound C and the cured product of the curable compound D.
- Solvent solubility was measured by the following method.
- the curable compounds A, B, C, D obtained in the examples or PEEK (1 g) as a comparative example were mixed with a solvent (100 g) shown in the following table, and stirred at 25 ° C. for 24 hours.
- Examples 5 to 16 (paints) As described in Table 4 below, the curable compound and the solvent were weighed into a sample bottle and stirred. Ultrasonic waves were applied at 25 ° C. for 5 minutes to completely dissolve the curable compound to obtain a paint. The obtained paint is cast on a substrate with a syringe, spread evenly with an applicator, and is then subjected to primary drying (drying in a dryer at 120 ° C. for 1 hour), followed by secondary drying (in a dryer at 150 ° C., vacuum For 1 hour) to obtain a coating film. The obtained coating film was thermally cured (in a dryer at 220 ° C. in vacuum for 1 hour) to obtain a cured product / substrate laminate.
- Examples 11-2 and 11-3 A paint was obtained and a cured product / substrate laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11, except for the following changes. That is, fillers were added as shown in Table 5 below.
- the thermosetting condition of the coating material was set to "1 hour in a vacuum at 300 ° C. in a drier".
- Examples 17 to 21 (powder paint) As described in Table 6 below, a curable compound was used as a powder coating, placed on a substrate, spread uniformly, and heated at 250 ° C. for 5 minutes to melt the powder coating to form a coating film. did. The obtained coating film was thermally cured (heated in a dryer at 320 ° C. for 30 minutes) to obtain a cured product / substrate laminate.
- the cured products / substrate laminates obtained in Examples 5 to 21, 11-2 and 11-3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were subjected to a cross cut tape test (based on JIS K5400-8.5) to obtain cured products.
- the adhesion to the substrate was evaluated according to the following criteria. ((Good): no peeling of the cured product was observed x (poor): peeling of the cured product was observed
- Solvent NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone substrate
- Stainless steel SUS430
- Aluminum Aluminum cup with handle Glass: MICRO SLIDE GLASS S1214
- Polyimide Kapton H, manufactured by Toray Dupont Co., Ltd.
- Silica HS-207, manufactured by Nittetsu Chemical & Materials Co., Ltd.
- Mica NK-8G, manufactured by Nippon Koken Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- Examples 22 to 25 (Sealant) As described in Table 7 below, the curable compound and the solvent were weighed into a sample bottle and stirred. Ultrasonic waves were applied at 25 ° C. for 5 minutes to completely dissolve the curable compound to obtain a sealant. The obtained sealant is cast on a substrate with a syringe and spread evenly with an applicator, and this is subjected to primary drying (drying in a dryer at 120 ° C. for 1 hour), followed by secondary drying (in a dryer at 150 ° C.) , Dried under vacuum for 1 hour) to obtain a coating film. The obtained coating film was thermally cured (in a dryer at 220 ° C. in vacuum for 1 hour) to obtain a cured product / substrate laminate.
- the relative permittivity and the dielectric loss tangent of the cured product were measured by the following methods.
- ⁇ Measurement method> A test piece having a width of 1.5 mm was prepared by cutting the cured product / substrate laminate, and the relative permittivity and the dielectric loss tangent were measured by a cavity resonator perturbation method (based on ASTM D2520). The frequency was measured at 10 GHz.
- Examples 26 to 27 (laminate) As described in Table 8 below, the curable compound and the solvent were weighed into a sample bottle and stirred. Ultrasonic waves were applied at 25 ° C. for 5 minutes to completely dissolve the curable compound to obtain a composition. The obtained composition is cast on a substrate (1) with a syringe, spread evenly with an applicator, and dried by primary drying (drying in a dryer at 120 ° C. for 1 hour), followed by secondary drying (drying at 150 ° C.). (Drying in a vacuum for 1 hour) to obtain a coating film. The obtained coating film was thermally cured (in a dryer at 220 ° C. in vacuum for 1 hour) to obtain a cured product / substrate (1) laminate.
- Example 28 (laminate) As described in Table 8 below, the curable compound and the solvent were weighed into a sample bottle and stirred. Ultrasonic waves were applied at 25 ° C. for 5 minutes to completely dissolve the curable compound to obtain a composition. On a substrate (1), the obtained composition was cast with a syringe, spread evenly with an applicator, and dried by primary drying (drying in a dryer at 120 ° C. for 1 hour), followed by secondary drying (at 150 ° C.). (Drying in a dryer for 1 hour under vacuum) to obtain a coating film. The substrate (2) was laminated on the obtained coating film, and then the coating film was thermally cured (1 hour in a drier at 220 ° C. for 1 hour) to obtain a substrate (2) / cured product / substrate (1) laminate Got.
- Comparative Example 5 (laminate)
- the substrate (2) was laminated on the film-like PEEK, and then subjected to a heat treatment (3 MPa, 1 hour in a drier at 300 ° C.), but the PEEK did not melt and could not be bonded to the substrate (2). , PEEK cured product / substrate (2) laminate could not be formed.
- Example 28-2 (laminate) A composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 28 except that the following points were changed, and a substrate (2) / cured product / substrate (1) laminate was obtained. That is, as shown in Table 9 below, a copper foil was used as the substrate (2).
- Example 28-3 (laminate)
- the composition obtained in the same manner as in Example 28 was cast on a carrier (made of polyimide, having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m), spread uniformly with an applicator, and primary dried (dried in a dryer at 120 ° C. for 1 hour). And secondary drying (drying in a dryer at 150 ° C. for 1 hour) followed by tertiary drying (drying in a dryer at 210 ° C. in vacuum for 1 hour) to obtain a coating film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
- the obtained coating film was peeled from the carrier. The coating could be easily removed from the carrier.
- a copper foil (18 ⁇ m in thickness) was used as the substrate (1) and the substrate (2), and thermosetting was performed while sandwiching the coating film between the substrate (1) and the substrate (2).
- the temperature was raised from 300 ° C to 300 ° C at a rate of 5 ° C / min and maintained at that temperature for 60 minutes.
- the pressure was raised to 3 MPa in 5 minutes from the start of the temperature increase] to obtain a substrate (2) / cured product / substrate (1) laminate.
- the laminates obtained in Examples 26 to 28, 28-2, and 28-3 were evaluated for flexibility by the following method. That is, the laminate was cut into a size of 1 cm ⁇ 10 cm, and folded in half at the center in the longitudinal direction (5 cm from the end). After placing a weight of 100 g on the folded portion, the appearance of the cured product was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria. Flexibility evaluation criterion :: no crack or peeling was observed x: crack or peeling was observed
- the laminates obtained in Examples 26 to 28, 28-2, and 28-3 were cross-cut off.
- a test (based on JIS K5400-8.5) was performed, and the adhesion of the cured product to the substrate was evaluated based on the number of cells remaining without peeling out of 100 cells.
- Examples 29 to 36 As shown in Table 10 below, a curable compound was dissolved in cyclohexanone to obtain a composition for forming a composite material. 1.186 g of the fiber was immersed in 5.0 g of the obtained composition, and allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 8 hours. Thereafter, the fiber was pulled out of the solution, and heated on a hot stage at 130 ° C. for 1 hour to volatilize cyclohexanone to obtain a composite material (prepreg). The obtained composite material (prepreg) was sandwiched between aluminum foils, placed in a press, heated at 250 ° C. for 3 minutes, and then pressurized at 0.1 MPa. The mixture was kept at 250 ° C. for 8 minutes, then heated to 320 ° C. over 12 minutes, and kept at 320 ° C. for 20 minutes to cure the curable compound, thereby obtaining a composite material (cured product).
- Comparative Example 6 Comparative Example 6 (composite material)
- PEEK did not dissolve in cyclohexanone even after heating and stirring at 140 ° C. for 5 minutes, and a composition for forming a composite material was not obtained. Therefore, PEEK could not be impregnated into the fibers.
- Example 37 The curable compound A was cured by a vacuum compression molding method to obtain a cured product.
- the molding die into which the curable compound A has been charged is set on a press machine (30-ton manual hydraulic vacuum heat press IMC-46E2-3, manufactured by Imoto Seisakusho) and adjusted to 50 ° C. Then, while being evacuated, the temperature was raised to 280 ° C. at 20 ° C./min and held for 1 hour, and then further raised to 320 ° C. at 20 ° C./min and held for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the press was air-cooled and water-cooled, and when the temperature reached 100 ° C. or lower, the mold was taken out to obtain a flat cured product (thickness: 0.2 cm).
- Example 38 A planar cured product (thickness: 0.2 cm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 37 except that the curable compound B was used instead of the curable compound A.
- FIG. 17 shows an FTIR spectrum of the obtained cured product.
- the physical properties of the obtained cured product were as follows.
- a curable compound having the following characteristics (a) to (e): (A) Number average molecular weight (in terms of standard polystyrene): 1000 to 15000 (B) Proportion of the aromatic ring-derived structure in the total amount of the curable compound: 50% by weight or more (c) Solvent solubility at 25 ° C: 1 g / 100g or more (d) Glass transition temperature: 280 ° C or less (e) Curing 5% weight loss temperature (T d5 ) of the cured product of the reactive compound measured at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min (in nitrogen) is 300 ° C.
- a compound represented by the formula (1) The curable compound according to [1].
- D 1 and D 2 in the formula (1) are the same or different and are groups selected from groups containing the structures represented by the formulas (d-1) to (d-4). 2) The curable compound according to any one of [4].
- [6] A group in which Ar 1 to Ar 3 in the formulas (I) and (II) are the same or different, and two hydrogen atoms are removed from the structural formula of an aromatic ring having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or Two or more aromatic rings having 6 to 14 carbon atoms are a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the structure represented by the formula (II) is hydroquinone, resorcinol, 2,6-naphthalenediol, 2,7-naphthalenediol, 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl ether,
- the structure of any of [2] to [8], which is a structure derived from at least one compound selected from 4'-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfide, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone, and bisphenol A The curable compound according to any one of the above.
- the solid according to [22] which has a peak in a region of 1620 to 1750 cm -1 in an IR spectrum.
- the curable compound represented by the formula (1), wherein R 1 and R 2 in the formula are the same or different and are curable functional groups having a cyclic imide structure. [22] ] Or the solid according to [23].
- the curable compound is represented by the formula (1), wherein R 1 and R 2 are the same or different from each other and are represented by groups represented by the formulas (r-1) to (r-6).
- An adhesive comprising the curable compound according to any one of [1] to [16].
- a paint containing the curable compound according to any one of [1] to [16].
- a powder coating comprising the curable compound according to any one of [1] to [16].
- a sealant comprising the curable compound according to any one of [1] to [16].
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising manufacturing a semiconductor device through a step of laminating semiconductor substrates using the curable compound according to any one of [1] to [16] as an adhesive.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising manufacturing a semiconductor device through a step of sealing a semiconductor element using the curable compound according to any one of [1] to [16].
- the curable compound of the present invention has good solvent solubility. Further, since the melting temperature is low, melting can be performed without using an apparatus such as an autoclave. Then, it is quickly cured by performing a heat treatment or radiation irradiation. Therefore, the curable compound of the present invention has good workability and can be suitably used as an adhesive, a sealant, a paint, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の他の目的は、超耐熱性を有する硬化物又はその半硬化物を含む粒子状又は平面状の構造物を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、超耐熱性を有する硬化物又はその半硬化物と基板とが積層された構成を有する積層体を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、超耐熱性を有する硬化物又はその半硬化物と基板とが積層された構成を有する積層体の製造方法を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、超耐熱性を有する硬化物又はその半硬化物を含む固形物を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、超耐熱性を有する硬化物又はその半硬化物と繊維とを含む複合材を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、溶融温度が低く、良好な溶剤溶解性を有し、超耐熱性が求められる環境下で使用可能な接着剤、封止剤、又は塗料を提供することにある。
(a)数平均分子量(標準ポリスチレン換算):1000~15000
(b)硬化性化合物全量に占める芳香環由来の構造の割合:50重量%以上
(c)25℃における溶剤溶解性:1g/100g以上
(d)ガラス転移温度:280℃以下
(e)当該硬化性化合物の硬化物の、昇温速度10℃/分(窒素中)で測定される5%重量減少温度(Td5)が300℃以上
で表される化合物である、前記硬化性化合物を提供する。
また、本発明の硬化性化合物は超耐熱性、難燃性、及び良好な誘電特性(低い比誘電率及び誘電正接)を有する硬化物を形成することができる。そのため、本発明の硬化性化合物の硬化物(若しくは、その半硬化物)からなる、若しくは前記硬化物(若しくは、その半硬化物)を少なくともその一部に含む構造体は、超耐熱性及び良好な誘電特性が求められる分野(例えば、電子情報機器、家電、自動車、精密機械、航空機、宇宙産業用機器等)において好適に使用することができる。
本発明の硬化性化合物は、下記(a)~(e)の特性を備えることを特徴とする。
(a)数平均分子量(標準ポリスチレン換算):1000~15000
(b)硬化性化合物全量に占める芳香環由来の構造の割合:50重量%以上
(c)25℃における溶剤溶解性:1g/100g以上
(d)ガラス転移温度:280℃以下
(e)当該硬化性化合物の硬化物の、昇温速度10℃/分(窒素中)で測定される5%重量減少温度(Td5)が300℃以上
(1)燃焼持続時間は30秒以下
(2)5個の試料の燃焼持続時間の合計が250秒以下
(3)2回目の接炎後の赤熱持続時間が60秒以下
(4)固定用クランプ部まで燃えない
(5)燃焼する粒子を落下させて、下に敷いた綿を燃やすことがない
前記硬化性化合物は、芳香環由来の構成単位と硬化性官能基を有する化合物であり、硬化性化合物全量に占める前記芳香環由来の構成単位の占める割合は50重量%以上である。
工程[1]:反応基質である下記式(2)で表される化合物と下記式(3)で表される化合物とを、塩基の存在下で反応させることにより、下記式(4)で表される化合物を得る。
工程[2]:下記式(4)で表される化合物に、アミノアルコール(下記式(5)で表される化合物)を反応させることにより、下記式(6)で表されるジアミンを得る。
工程[3]:下記式(6)で表されるジアミンに環状酸無水物(下記式(7)で表される化合物)を反応させることにより下記式(1a)で表される化合物を得る。
上記式(2)で表される化合物としては、例えば、ベンゾフェノン、2-ナフチルフェニルケトン、及びビス(2-ナフチル)ケトン等のハロゲン化物、及びこれらの誘導体等が挙げられる。
上記式(5)で表される化合物としては、例えば、4-アミノフェノール、2-アミノ-6-ヒドロキシナフタレン、及びこれらの位置異性体や誘導体等が挙げられる。
前記環状酸無水物(上記式(7)で表される化合物)としては、例えば、無水マレイン酸、2-フェニル無水マレイン酸、4-フェニルエチニル-無水フタル酸、4-(1-ナフチルエチニル)-無水フタル酸、ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプト-5-エン-2,3-ジカルボン酸無水物、及びこれらの誘導体等が挙げられる。
硬化度(%)=[1-(半硬化物の発熱量/式(1)で表される化合物の発熱量)]×100
本発明の硬化性組成物は、上記硬化性化合物を1種又は2種以上含むことを特徴とする。本発明の硬化性組成物全量(若しくは、本発明の硬化性組成物における不揮発分全量)における上記硬化性化合物の含有量(2種以上含有する場合は、その総量)は、例えば30重量%以上、好ましくは50重量%以上、特に好ましくは70重量%以上、最も好ましくは90重量%以上である。尚、上限は100重量%である。すなわち、本発明の硬化性組成物は、上記硬化性化合物のみからなるものであっても良い。
本発明の固形物は、硬化性化合物の硬化物を含み、下記特性を有する。
固形物の特性:
昇温速度10℃/分(窒素中)で測定される5%重量減少温度(Td5)が300℃以上であり、320℃で30分の加熱処理に付した後の窒素原子含有量が2.8~0.1重量%である
本発明の構造物は、上記硬化性化合物の硬化物又は半硬化物を含む、粒子状又は平面状の構造物である。本発明の構造物は、上記硬化性化合物(若しくは、上記硬化性組成物)を射出成形、トランスファー成形、コンプレッション成形、押出成形等の成形法に付すことにより製造することができる。
本発明の積層体は、上記硬化性化合物の硬化物又は半硬化物と基板とが積層された構成を有する。本発明の積層体には、硬化性化合物の硬化物又は半硬化物/基板、及び基板/硬化性化合物の硬化物又は半硬化物/基板の構成が含まれる。
本発明の積層体は、例えば上記硬化性化合物を基板上に載置して、加熱処理を施すことによって製造することができる。
1.上記硬化性化合物を固体(例えば、粉末状固体)のまま基板上に載置し、その後加熱処理を施す方法
2.上記硬化性化合物を含む薄膜を基板上にて形成し、その後加熱処理を施す方法
3.上記硬化性化合物を含む薄膜を基板上に積層し、その後加熱処理を施す方法
また、前記薄膜は、基板上に上記硬化性化合物の溶剤溶解物、或いは溶剤分散物を塗布し、得られた塗膜を乾燥することにより製造することもできる。
また、前記薄膜として、支持体上に上記硬化性化合物の溶剤溶解物、或いは溶剤分散物を塗布し、得られた塗膜を乾燥した後、支持体から剥離したものを使用することもできる。
本発明の複合材は、上記硬化性化合物の硬化物又は半硬化物と繊維とを含む。複合材の形状としては、繊維状やシート状など特に制限がない。
<NMR測定>
測定装置:BRUKER 400MHz/54mm又はBRUKER AVANCE600MHz
測定溶剤:重DMSO、重クロロホルム、又は重クロロホルム/ペンタフルオロフェノール(PFP)=2/1(wt/wt)の混合液
化学シフト:TMSを規準とした
<GPC測定>
装置:ポンプ「LC-20AD」((株)島津製作所製)
検出器:RID-10A((株)島津製作所製)又はTDA-301およびUV2501(Viscotek製)
溶剤:THF又はクロロホルム
カラム:shodex GPC K-806L×1本+shodex GPC K-803×1本+shodex GPC K-801×2本
流速:1.0mL/min
温度:40℃
試料濃度:0.1%(wt/vol)
標準ポリスチレン換算
<DSC測定>
装置:TA Q20
昇温速度:10℃/min
雰囲気:窒素雰囲気
<TG/DTA測定>
装置:NETZSCH TG209F3
昇温速度:10℃/min
雰囲気:窒素雰囲気
<IR測定>
装置:Perkin Elmer Spectrum RX1(ATR法)
撹拌装置、窒素導入管、およびディーンスターク装置を備えた500mL(三ツ口)フラスコに、4,4’-ジフルオロベンゾフェノンを27.50g、レゾルシノールを11.56g、無水炭酸カリウムを21.77g、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンを154mL、およびトルエン77mLを入れ、窒素雰囲気下で撹拌しながら加熱し、130~140℃で4時間トルエンを還流させた。その後、さらに加熱して170~180℃でトルエンを留去した。さらに、170~180℃で10時間撹拌を継続した後、室温に戻した。
撹拌装置、窒素導入管、およびディーンスターク装置を備えた500mL(三ツ口)フラスコに、4,4’-ジフルオロベンゾフェノン27.50g、ビスフェノールA23.98g、無水炭酸カリウム(K2CO3)21.77g、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン220mL、およびトルエン110mLを入れ、窒素雰囲気下で撹拌しながら加熱し、130~140℃で4時間トルエンを還流させた。その後、さらに加熱して170~180℃でトルエンを留去した。さらに、170~180℃で10時間撹拌を継続した後、室温に戻した。
撹拌装置、窒素導入管および乾燥管を備えた1000mL(三ツ口)フラスコに、無水マレイン酸を5.88g、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンを50mL、トルエンを200mL入れ、窒素置換した。そこへ、調製例1で得られたジアミン(1)26.76gをNMP250mLに溶解させた溶液を添加し、窒素雰囲気下、室温で24時間撹拌した。その後、パラトルエンスルホン酸一水和物0.761gを添加し、140℃に加熱して、8時間攪拌を継続し、トルエンを還流して水分を除去した。反応液を室温に戻した後、反応液を3000mLのメタノールに添加、ろ過することで粉末状固体を得た。この粉末状固体をメタノールおよび水で繰返し洗浄した後、100℃で8時間減圧乾燥して、粉末状固体(硬化性化合物A、下記式(A)で表される化合物、芳香環由来の構造の割合:72重量%、収率:90%)を得た。硬化性化合物Aの1H-NMRスペクトルを図5に、FTIRスペクトルを図6に示す。
尚、芳香環由来の構造の割合は1H-NMRによって求めた。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:6.88(m), 7.08(d,J=8.0Hz), 7.17(d,J=8.0Hz), 7.39(m), 7.81(d,J=8.0Hz)
ジアミン(1)に代えて、調製例2で得られたジアミン(2)を使用し、前記ジアミン(2)48.57gを330mLのNMPに溶解した溶液を使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして、粉末状固体(硬化性化合物B、下記式(B)で表される化合物、芳香環由来の構造の割合:71重量%、収率:90%)を得た。硬化性化合物Bの1H-NMRスペクトルを図7に、FTIRスペクトルを図8に示す。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.71(s), 6.87(s), 7.02(m), 7.09(m), 7.17(d,J=8.8Hz),7.26(m), 7.37(d,J=8.8Hz), 7.80(m)
撹拌装置、窒素導入管および乾燥管を備えた50mL(三ツ口)フラスコに、調製例1で得られたジアミン(1)を4.571g、4-フェニルエチニル-無水フタル酸を1.852g、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンを33mL入れ、窒素雰囲気下、室温で24時間撹拌した。その後、無水酢酸4.215g、トリエチルアミン1.405gを添加し、60℃で6時間撹拌した。反応液を室温に戻した後、反応液を1500mLのエタノールに添加、ろ過することで粉末状固体を得た。この粉末状固体をエタノールおよび水で繰返し洗浄した後、100℃で8時間減圧乾燥して、粉末状固体(硬化性化合物C、下記式(C)で表される化合物、芳香環由来の構造の割合:76重量%、収率:90%)を得た。硬化性化合物Cの1H-NMRスペクトルを図9に、FTIRスペクトルを図10に示す。
ジアミン(1)に代えて、調製例2で得られたジアミン(2)を使用し、前記ジアミン(2)を4.550g使用し、4-フェニルエチニル-無水フタル酸を1.395g使用した以外は実施例3と同様にして、粉末状固体(硬化性化合物D、下記式(D)で表される化合物、芳香環由来の構造の割合:74重量%、収率:90%)を得た。硬化性化合物Dの1H-NMRスペクトルを図11に、FTIRスペクトルを図12に示す。
実施例で得られた硬化性化合物A、B、C、及びDについて、以下の評価を行った。
実施例で得られた硬化性化合物A、B、C、及びDの数平均分子量及び重量平均分子量をGPC測定(溶剤THF、標準ポリスチレン換算)によって求めた。
実施例で得られた硬化性化合物A、B、C、及びDのTgをDSC測定により求めた。
硬化性化合物C及びDのDSC測定結果を図13に示す。硬化性化合物DはTgが140℃程度、硬化性化合物CはTgが120℃程度であり、硬化性化合物C、Dは、いずれも400℃付近に硬化反応による発熱ピークが観測された。
実施例で得られた硬化性化合物A、B、C、D、又は比較例としてのPEEKをガラス板上に厚さ0.5mm程度で均一になるように乗せ、マッフル炉で加熱(25℃から371℃まで10℃/minで昇温し、その後、371℃で2時間保持)して前記硬化性化合物を硬化させ、硬化物を得た。
硬化性化合物Cの硬化物、及び硬化性化合物Dの硬化物のDSC結果を図14に示す。DSCチャートに発熱ピークが見られないことから、得られた硬化物は高い硬化度を有すること(若しくは、実施例で得られた硬化性化合物は硬化性に優れ、加熱処理を施すことにより全ての硬化性官能基が失われたこと)が分かる。
実施例で得られた硬化性化合物A、B、C、D、又は比較例としてのPEEKをCHN元素分析に付して、窒素原子含有量を求めた。尚、標準試料にはアンチピリンを使用した。
溶剤溶解性を以下の方法で測定した。
実施例で得られた硬化性化合物A、B、C、D、又は比較例としてのPEEK(1g)を、下記表に示す溶剤(100g)と混合し、25℃で24時間撹拌し、溶剤への溶解性を下記基準で評価した。
評価基準
○(良好):完全に溶解した
×(不良):少なくとも一部が溶解せずに残存した
実施例で得られた硬化性化合物A、B、C、又はDを下記表に記載の基板上に厚さ0.5mm程度で均一になるように乗せ、下記表に記載の条件で加熱して硬化させて硬化物/基板積層体を得た。
得られた積層体における硬化物の基板への接合強度を、JIS K6850に準拠した方法で最大点応力を測定することで評価した。
下記表4に記載の通り、硬化性化合物と溶剤をサンプル瓶へ秤量し、撹拌した。超音波を25℃で5分間あて、完全に硬化性化合物を溶解させて塗料を得た。
得られた塗料をシリンジで基板上にキャストし、アプリケーターで均一に広げ、これを一次乾燥(120℃の乾燥機中で1時間乾燥)、続いて二次乾燥(150℃の乾燥機中、真空で1時間乾燥)に付して塗膜を得た。得られた塗膜を熱硬化(220℃の乾燥機中、真空で1時間)させて、硬化物/基板積層体を得た。
硬化性化合物としてPEEKを使用した場合、PEEKは140℃で5分加熱撹拌しても溶剤に溶けず、塗料が形成できなかった。
以下の点を変更した以外は実施例11と同様に行って、塗料を得、硬化物/基板積層体を得た。
すなわち、下記表5に記載の通りフィラーを添加した。また、塗料の熱硬化条件を「300℃の乾燥機中、真空で1時間」とした。
下記表6に記載の通り、硬化性化合物を粉体塗料として使用し、これを基板上に乗せ均一に広げて、250℃で5分加熱して前記粉体塗料を溶融させて塗膜を形成した。得られた塗膜を、熱硬化(320℃の乾燥機中で30分間加熱)させて、硬化物/基板積層体を得た。
硬化性化合物としてPEEKを使用した場合、PEEKは320℃で60分加熱しても溶融せず、塗膜が形成できなかった。
○(良好):硬化物の剥離は見られなかった
×(不良):硬化物の剥離が見られた
基板 銅箔:市販電解銅箔 Rz=0.85μm
ステンレス鋼:SUS430
アルミ:取手付アルミニウムカップ
ガラス:MICRO SLIDE GLASS S1214
ポリイミド:カプトンH、東レ・デュポン(株)製
シリカ:HS-207、日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル(株)製
マイカ:NK-8G、日本光研工業(株)製
下記表7に記載の通り、硬化性化合物と溶剤をサンプル瓶へ秤量し、撹拌した。超音波を25℃で5分間あて、完全に硬化性化合物を溶解させて封止剤を得た。
得られた封止剤をシリンジで基板上にキャストし、アプリケーターで均一に広げ、これを一次乾燥(120℃の乾燥機中で1時間乾燥)、続いて二次乾燥(150℃の乾燥機中、真空で1時間乾燥)に付して塗膜を得た。得られた塗膜を熱硬化(220℃の乾燥機中、真空で1時間)させて、硬化物/基板積層体を得た。
硬化性化合物としてPEEKを使用した場合、PEEKは140℃で5分加熱撹拌しても溶剤に溶けず、封止剤が形成できなかった。
○(良好):硬化物の剥離は見られなかった
×(不良):硬化物の剥離が見られた
<測定方法>
硬化物/基板積層体を切削して幅1.5mmの試験片を作成し、空洞共振器摂動法(ASTM D2520に準拠)で比誘電率、誘電正接を測定した。周波数は10GHzで測定した。
下記表8に記載の通り、硬化性化合物と溶剤をサンプル瓶へ秤量し、撹拌した。超音波を25℃で5分間あて、完全に硬化性化合物を溶解させて組成物を得た。
得られた組成物をシリンジで基板(1)上にキャストし、アプリケーターで均一に広げ、これを一次乾燥(120℃の乾燥機中で1時間乾燥)、続いて二次乾燥(150℃の乾燥機中、真空で1時間乾燥)に付して塗膜を得た。得られた塗膜を熱硬化(220℃の乾燥機中、真空で1時間)させて、硬化物/基板(1)積層体を得た。
硬化性化合物としてPEEKを使用した場合、PEEKは140℃で5分加熱撹拌しても溶剤に溶けなかった。そのため、基板(1)との接着ができず、PEEK硬化物/基板(1)積層体が形成できなかった。
下記表8に記載の通り、硬化性化合物と溶剤をサンプル瓶へ秤量し、撹拌した。超音波を25℃で5分間あて、完全に硬化性化合物を溶解させて組成物を得た。
基板(1)上に、得られた組成物をシリンジでキャストし、アプリケーターで均一に広げ、これを一次乾燥(120℃の乾燥機中で1時間乾燥)、続いて二次乾燥(150℃の乾燥機中、真空で1時間乾燥)に付して塗膜を得た。
得られた塗膜に基板(2)を積層し、その後、前記塗膜を熱硬化(220℃の乾燥機中で1時間)させて、基板(2)/硬化物/基板(1)積層体を得た。
フィルム状PEEKに基板(2)を積層し、その後、加熱処理(3MPa、300℃の乾燥機中で1時間)を施したが、PEEKが溶融せず、基板(2)との接着ができず、PEEK硬化物/基板(2)積層体が形成できなかった。
以下の点を変更した以外は実施例28と同様に行って、組成物を得、基板(2)/硬化物/基板(1)積層体を得た。
すなわち、下記表9に記載の通り、基板(2)として銅箔を使用した。
実施例28と同様の方法で得られた組成物を、キャリア(ポリイミド製、厚み100μm)上にキャストし、アプリケーターで均一に広げ、これを一次乾燥(120℃の乾燥機中で1時間乾燥)、二次乾燥(150℃の乾燥機中で1時間乾燥)、続いて三次乾燥(210℃の乾燥機中、真空で1時間乾燥)に付して厚み100μmの塗膜を得た。
得られた塗膜をキャリアから剥離した。塗膜はキャリアから容易に剥離できた。
基板(1)、基板(2)として銅箔(厚み18μm)を使用し、基板(1)、基板(2)の間に前記塗膜を挟んだ状態で熱硬化[真空熱圧着機中、210℃から5℃/分で300℃まで昇温し、その温度で60分保持した。また、昇温開始から5分で3MPaまで昇圧した]させて、基板(2)/硬化物/基板(1)積層体を得た。
すなわち、積層体を1cm×10cmの大きさに切り出し、長手方向の中央部(端から5cm)で半分に折り曲げた。折り部に100gの重りをのせた後、硬化物の外観を目視で観察し、下記基準で評価した。
屈曲性評価基準
○:割れや剥がれは、認められなかった
×:割れ若しくは剥がれが認められた
下記表10に記載の通り、硬化性化合物をシクロヘキサノンに溶解させて複合材形成用組成物を得た。
得られた組成物5.0gに繊維1.186gを浸漬して、そのまま25℃で8時間静置した。その後、溶液から繊維を引き揚げ、130℃のホットステージ上で1時間加熱することでシクロヘキサノンを揮発させて、複合材(プリプレグ)を得た。
得られた複合材(プリプレグ)をアルミ箔で挟み、これをプレス機に設置し、250℃で3分間加熱した後、0.1MPaで加圧した。250℃で8分間保持し、その後320℃まで12分かけて昇温し、320℃で20分間保持して硬化性化合物を硬化させて、複合材(硬化物)を得た。
硬化性化合物としてPEEKを使用した場合、PEEKは140℃で5分間加熱撹拌してもシクロヘキサノンに溶けず、複合材形成用組成物は得られなかった。そのため、PEEKを繊維に含浸させることができなかった。
硬化性化合物Aを真空圧縮成形法により硬化して硬化物を得た。具体的には、硬化性化合物Aを投入した成形用金型をプレス機(30トン手動油圧真空可熱プレス IMC-46E2-3型、(株)井元製作所製)にセットして50℃に調整し、真空に引きながら、20℃/minで280℃まで昇温して1時間保持した後、さらに20℃/minで320℃まで昇温して30分保持した。その後、プレス機を空冷及び水冷し100℃以下になったところで金型を取り出して、平面状の硬化物(厚み:0.2cm)を得た。得られた硬化物のFTIRスペクトルを図16に示す。得られた硬化物の物性は以下の通りであった。
・密度(JIS K7112A 23℃):1.29g/cm3
・ガラス転移温度(DSCにより測定):154℃
・熱膨張係数(JIS K7197に準拠)(Tg以下):50.8ppm/℃
・熱膨張係数(JIS K7197に準拠)(Tg以上):263ppm/℃
・比誘電率(ASTM D2520に準拠、23℃)(10GHz):2.94
・誘電正接(ASTM D2520に準拠、23℃)(10GHz):0.0056
・難燃性(UL94Vに準拠、厚み0.15mm):V-1グレード
・窒素原子含有量:1.30重量%
硬化性化合物Aに代えて硬化性化合物Bを使用した以外は実施例37と同様にして、平面状の硬化物(厚み:0.2cm)を得た。得られた硬化物のFTIRスペクトルを図17に示す。得られた硬化物の物性は以下の通りであった。
・密度(JIS K7112A 23℃):1.19g/cm3
・ガラス転移温度(DSCにより測定):176℃
・熱膨張係数(JIS K7197に準拠)(Tg以下):73ppm/℃
・熱膨張係数(JIS K7197に準拠)(Tg以上):234ppm/℃
・比誘電率(JIS-C2138に準拠、23℃)(1MHz):2.69
・誘電正接(JIS-C2138に準拠、23℃)(1MHz):0.0050
・窒素原子含有量:1.01重量%
[1] 下記(a)~(e)の特性を備えることを特徴とする硬化性化合物。
(a)数平均分子量(標準ポリスチレン換算):1000~15000
(b)硬化性化合物全量に占める芳香環由来の構造の割合:50重量%以上
(c)25℃における溶剤溶解性:1g/100g以上
(d)ガラス転移温度:280℃以下
(e)当該硬化性化合物の硬化物の、昇温速度10℃/分(窒素中)で測定される5%重量減少温度(Td5)が300℃以上
[2] 式(1)で表される化合物である、[1]に記載の硬化性化合物。
[3] 式(1)中のR1、R2が、同一又は異なって、環状イミド構造を有する硬化性官能基である、[2]に記載の硬化性化合物。
[4] 式(1)中のR1、R2が、同一又は異なって、式(r-1)~(r-6)で表される基から選択される基である、[2]に記載の硬化性化合物。
[5] 式(1)中のD1、D2が、同一又は異なって、式(d-1)~(d-4)で表される構造を含む基から選択される基である、[2]~[4]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物。
[6] 式(I)、及び式(II)中のAr1~Ar3が、同一又は異なって、炭素数6~14の芳香環の構造式から2個の水素原子を除いた基、又は炭素数6~14の芳香環の2個以上が、単結合、炭素数1~5の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状アルキレン基、又は炭素数1~5の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状アルキレン基の水素原子の1個以上がハロゲン原子で置換された基を介して結合した構造式から2個の水素原子を除いた基である、[2]~[5]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物。
[7] 式(I)で表される構造が、ベンゾフェノン由来の構造である、[2]~[6]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物。
[8] 式(1)で表される化合物全量における、ベンゾフェノン由来の構造単位の占める割合が5重量%以上である、[7]に記載の硬化性化合物。
[9] 式(II)で表される構造が、ハイドロキノン、レゾルシノール、2,6-ナフタレンジオール、2,7-ナフタレンジオール、4,4’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフィド、4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフォン、及びビスフェノールAから選択される少なくとも1種の化合物由来の構造である、[2]~[8]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物。
[10] 式(1)で表される化合物全量における、ハイドロキノン、レゾルシノール、2,6-ナフタレンジオール、2,7-ナフタレンジオール、4,4’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフィド、4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフォン、及びビスフェノールA由来の構造単位の占める割合が5重量%以上である、[9]に記載の硬化性化合物。
[11] 式(1)中のLが、式(L-1)で表される基である、[2]~[10]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物。
[12] 式(1)中のLが、式(L-1-1)又は(L-1-2)で表される基である、[2]~[10]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物。
[13] 窒素原子含有量が、硬化性化合物全量の2.8~0.1重量%である、[3]~[12]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物。
[14] 比誘電率が6以下である、[1]~[13]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物。
[15] 誘電正接が0.05以下である、[1]~[14]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物。
[16] 硬化性化合物の硬化物であって、厚み0.15mmの硬化物の、UL94Vに準拠した方法による燃えにくさがV-1グレードである、[1]~[15]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物。
[17] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物の硬化物又は半硬化物を含む、粒子状又は平面状の構造物。
[18] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物の硬化物又は半硬化物と基板とが積層された構成を有する積層体。
[19] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物を基板上に載置し、加熱処理を施すことで、前記硬化性化合物の硬化物又は半硬化物と基板とが積層された構成を有する積層体を得る、積層体の製造方法。
[20] プラスチック製の支持体上に、前記硬化性化合物の溶融物を塗布し、固化後、前記支持体から剥離して前記硬化性化合物を含む薄膜を得る、[19]に記載の積層体の製造方法。
[21] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物の硬化物又は半硬化物と繊維とを含む複合材。
[22] 硬化性化合物の硬化物を含み、昇温速度10℃/分(窒素中)で測定される5%重量減少温度(Td5)が300℃以上であり、320℃で30分の加熱処理に付した後の窒素原子含有量が2.8~0.1重量%である、固形物。
[23] IRスペクトルの1620~1750cm-1の領域にピークを有する、[22]に記載の固形物。
[24] 硬化性化合物が、式(1)で表され、式中のR1、R2が、同一又は異なって、環状イミド構造を有する硬化性官能基である硬化性化合物である、[22]又は[23]に記載の固形物。
[25] 硬化性化合物が、記式(1)で表され、式中のR1、R2が、同一又は異なって、式(r-1)~(r-6)で表される基から選択される基である硬化性化合物である、[22]又は[23]に記載の固形物。
[26] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物を含む接着剤。
[27] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物を含む塗料。
[28] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物を含む粉体塗料。
[29] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物を含む封止剤。
[30] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物を接着剤として使用して半導体基板を積層する工程を経て半導体装置を製造する、半導体装置の製造方法。
[31] [1]~[16]の何れか1つに記載の硬化性化合物を使用して半導体素子を封止する工程を経て半導体装置を製造する、半導体装置の製造方法。
Claims (20)
- 下記(a)~(e)の特性を備えることを特徴とする硬化性化合物。
(a)数平均分子量(標準ポリスチレン換算):1000~15000
(b)硬化性化合物全量に占める芳香環由来の構造の割合:50重量%以上
(c)25℃における溶剤溶解性:1g/100g以上
(d)ガラス転移温度:280℃以下
(e)当該硬化性化合物の硬化物の、昇温速度10℃/分(窒素中)で測定される5%重量減少温度(Td5)が300℃以上 - 下記式(1)
で表される化合物である、請求項1に記載の硬化性化合物。 - 式(1)中のR1、R2が、同一又は異なって、環状イミド構造を有する硬化性官能基である、請求項2に記載の硬化性化合物。
- 式(I)、及び式(II)中のAr1~Ar3が、同一又は異なって、炭素数6~14の芳香環の構造式から2個の水素原子を除いた基、又は炭素数6~14の芳香環の2個以上が、単結合、炭素数1~5の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状アルキレン基、又は炭素数1~5の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状アルキレン基の水素原子の1個以上がハロゲン原子で置換された基を介して結合した構造式から2個の水素原子を除いた基である、請求項2~5の何れか1項に記載の硬化性化合物。
- 式(I)で表される構造が、ベンゾフェノン由来の構造である、請求項2~6の何れか1項に記載の硬化性化合物。
- 式(1)で表される化合物全量における、ベンゾフェノン由来の構造単位の占める割合が5重量%以上である、請求項7に記載の硬化性化合物。
- 式(II)で表される構造が、ハイドロキノン、レゾルシノール、2,6-ナフタレンジオール、2,7-ナフタレンジオール、4,4’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフィド、4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフォン、及びビスフェノールAから選択される少なくとも1種の化合物由来の構造である、請求項2~8の何れか1項に記載の硬化性化合物。
- 式(1)で表される化合物全量における、ハイドロキノン、レゾルシノール、2,6-ナフタレンジオール、2,7-ナフタレンジオール、4,4’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフィド、4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルフォン、及びビスフェノールA由来の構造単位の占める割合が5重量%以上である、請求項9に記載の硬化性化合物。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の硬化性化合物の硬化物又は半硬化物を含む、粒子状又は平面状の構造物。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の硬化性化合物の硬化物又は半硬化物と基板とが積層された構成を有する積層体。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の硬化性化合物を基板上に載置し、加熱処理を施すことで、前記硬化性化合物の硬化物又は半硬化物と基板とが積層された構成を有する積層体を得る、積層体の製造方法。
- プラスチック製の支持体上に、前記硬化性化合物の溶融物を塗布し、固化して、前記硬化性化合物を含む薄膜を得、得られた薄膜を、前記支持体から剥離して基板上に積層し、加熱処理を施す、請求項13に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の硬化性化合物の硬化物又は半硬化物と繊維とを含む複合材。
- 硬化性化合物の硬化物を含み、昇温速度10℃/分(窒素中)で測定される5%重量減少温度(Td5)が300℃以上であり、320℃で30分の加熱処理に付した後の窒素原子含有量が2.8~0.1重量%である、固形物。
- IRスペクトルの1620~1750cm-1の領域にピークを有する、請求項16に記載の固形物。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の硬化性化合物を含む接着剤。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の硬化性化合物を含む塗料。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の硬化性化合物を含む封止剤。
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US17/254,053 US12037319B2 (en) | 2018-06-20 | 2019-06-10 | Curable compound |
JP2020525556A JP7361029B2 (ja) | 2018-06-20 | 2019-06-10 | 硬化性化合物 |
KR1020217001383A KR102669487B1 (ko) | 2018-06-20 | 2019-06-10 | 경화성 화합물 |
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Cited By (6)
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WO2021124681A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-24 | 株式会社ダイセル | 硬化性組成物 |
JP2021095542A (ja) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-24 | 株式会社ダイセル | 硬化性組成物 |
WO2022075324A1 (ja) | 2020-10-09 | 2022-04-14 | 株式会社ダイセル | 硬化性化合物製品 |
WO2022075325A1 (ja) | 2020-10-09 | 2022-04-14 | 株式会社ダイセル | 硬化性化合物製品 |
WO2022133984A1 (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2022-06-30 | Daicel Corporation | Curable compound product |
CN115895378A (zh) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-04-04 | 惠州市鑫亚凯立科技有限公司 | 一种氟素离型涂料及其制备方法 |
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