WO2019237893A1 - 深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置及方法 - Google Patents

深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019237893A1
WO2019237893A1 PCT/CN2019/087891 CN2019087891W WO2019237893A1 WO 2019237893 A1 WO2019237893 A1 WO 2019237893A1 CN 2019087891 W CN2019087891 W CN 2019087891W WO 2019237893 A1 WO2019237893 A1 WO 2019237893A1
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Prior art keywords
probe
acoustic
observation
resistivity
observation device
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PCT/CN2019/087891
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贾永刚
朱超祁
郭秀军
孟庆生
刘涛
刘兰军
徐海波
张民生
刘晓磊
王栋
单红仙
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中国海洋大学
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Priority to JP2019537842A priority Critical patent/JP6864926B2/ja
Priority to US16/608,632 priority patent/US11499826B2/en
Priority to DE212019000025.8U priority patent/DE212019000025U1/de
Publication of WO2019237893A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019237893A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/02—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with propagation of electric current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C13/00—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
    • G01L11/02—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means
    • G01L11/025—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means using a pressure-sensitive optical fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
    • G01V1/159—Generating seismic energy using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive driving means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
    • G01V11/002—Details, e.g. power supply systems for logging instruments, transmitting or recording data, specially adapted for well logging, also if the prospecting method is irrelevant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/12—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electromagnetic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N2001/1006—Dispersed solids
    • G01N2001/1012—Suspensions
    • G01N2001/1025—Liquid suspensions; Slurries; Mud; Sludge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
    • G01V2210/14—Signal detection
    • G01V2210/142—Receiver location
    • G01V2210/1427—Sea bed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/30—Noise handling
    • G01V2210/32—Noise reduction
    • G01V2210/324—Filtering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
    • G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
    • G01V2210/6224—Density
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
    • G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
    • G01V2210/6226—Impedance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of marine observation technology, and in particular relates to a deep-sea subsea engineering geological environment in situ long-term observation device and method.
  • the submarine observing network under construction in China has to some extent solved the problems of data transmission and power requirements for observation, the submarine observing network consumes huge funds, has a long construction period, has poor flexibility, and is difficult to maintain.
  • the submarine observation network there is also a submarine observation platform using independent power supply, which has high flexibility, but it is difficult to achieve simultaneous, in situ, long-term, real-time observation of seawater and sediment.
  • the existing observation platforms cannot realize the comprehensive observation of the engineering properties, physical properties, mechanical properties, and biochemical properties of the seawater-seabed interface-sediment.
  • in-situ observation devices for sediments often use their own gravity to penetrate the observation rod into the sediment, which cannot guarantee the penetration effect of the observation rod.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an in-situ long-term observation device and method for a deep sea pedestal engineering geological environment, which makes up for the shortcomings or shortcomings of the prior art.
  • Deep sea base type in-situ long-term observation device for engineering geological environment which is characterized by including a frame-type instrument loading platform, which is provided with a sediment acoustic probe, a sediment pore water pressure probe, and a three-dimensional resistivity.
  • Probes, as well as hydraulic systems for the penetration of the probes into the seabed sediments are also equipped with water observation instruments, long-term observation power supply systems, master control and data storage transmission systems, acoustic releases and hydroacoustics;
  • the sediment acoustic probe is composed of an acoustic signal transmitting probe and an acoustic signal receiving probe; the acoustic signal transmitting probe is provided with a directional transmitting transducer, and the acoustic signal receiving probe is at different depths at different depths. 1 receiving transducer is installed; both the acoustic signal transmitting probe and the end of the acoustic signal receiving probe are connected to the master control and data storage transmission system through an acoustic signal transmission line;
  • the transmitting transducer adopts a plurality of circular ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic tubes connected in parallel to increase the transmission voltage response of the transmitting transducer;
  • the receiving transducer adopts a plurality of circular-ring piezoelectric ceramic tubes in series. Tapping method to improve the receiving sensitivity of the receiving transducer;
  • the three-dimensional resistivity probe is composed of one resistivity vertical probe and four crossed resistivity horizontal probes;
  • Electrode rings are distributed on the resistivity vertical probe rod and the resistivity horizontal probe rod at intervals;
  • the probe rod material is made of three-type polypropylene, and the electrodes are graphite electrodes, which are embedded in the rod body;
  • the pore water pressure sensor of the sediment pore water pressure probe uses a fiber Bragg grating differential pressure sensor.
  • the fiber Bragg differential pressure sensor can convert the strain on the grating into a wavelength change and calibrate the change in the center wavelength of the fiber grating.
  • the pore water pressure, the observation data is inverted to the sediment pore water pressure;
  • the rod part of the pore water pressure probe is made of stainless steel pipe, the bottom of the stainless steel pipe is installed through the cone head, and the end passes the pore water pressure signal transmission line and the total Control and data storage transmission system connection;
  • the water observation instrument integrates suspended matter concentration, methane concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, salinity, and ocean current observation units.
  • the sound wave amplitudes received by the two receiving transducers are extracted and the attenuation amplitude of the sound waves is obtained;
  • the acoustic parameters are the speed of sound and the amplitude of sound attenuation; the physical and mechanical properties of the sediment are density, water content, liquid-plastic limit, pore ratio, specific gravity, and strength.
  • the abrupt change in resistivity measured by the vertical resistivity probe is the position of the seabed interface
  • the physical and mechanical properties of the sediments are compared and analyzed by the acoustics probe of the sediments and the three-dimensional resistivity probes, and finally the physical and mechanical properties of the sediments are comprehensively determined.
  • the deep-sea pedestal in-situ long-term observation device for engineering geological environment is characterized in that the probe hydraulic penetration system includes a hydraulic cabin, a control cabin, a drive cabin, and a battery bay of a penetration mechanism installed on an instrument carrying platform. 2. Penetrate the robot.
  • the deep-sea bottom-bottom engineering geoenvironment in-situ long-term observation device is characterized in that the water observation instrument is powered centrally through a long-term observation power supply system, or is powered independently by its own battery.
  • the deep-sea bottom-mounted in-situ long-term observation device for engineering geological environment is characterized in that the long-term observation power supply system is composed of four power generation units and two electric energy storage units;
  • the power generating unit is a seawater dissolved oxygen battery.
  • the four power generating units are arranged symmetrically in the center and symmetrically outside the instrument mounting platform.
  • the frame structure of the instrument mounting platform is open and the internal seawater can pass freely.
  • the speed of the ocean current nearby to ensure the supply of dissolved oxygen in the power supply system; the two electrical energy storage units alternately perform the charging and discharging process, that is, when one stores electrical energy, the other supplies power to the observation system.
  • the deep-sea bottom-mounted in-situ long-term observation device for engineering geological environment is characterized in that in order to prevent overturning of the bottom observation device, four anti-overturning bases are installed at the bottom of the instrument carrying platform in a symmetrical manner.
  • the release speed is reduced to prevent the impact of the bottom from damaging the observation device
  • the sedimentary acoustic probe, sediment pore water pressure probe and three-dimensional resistivity probe are penetrated into the sediment through the probe hydraulic penetration system of the observation device; the penetration method is sequential penetration or One-time unified penetration
  • the acoustic release device at the top of the observation device is excited. After the acoustic release device is released, the steel cable is separated from the observation device, the steel cable is recovered, and the observation device is released.
  • the survey ship is driven to the release position through GPS positioning
  • the ROV underwater robot is used to fix one end of the shipborne geological winch steel cable to the acoustic release of the subsea observation device;
  • the submarine observation device recovery is completed by recovering the shipborne geological winch steel cable.
  • the observation content of the present invention includes suspended matter concentration, methane concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, salinity, ocean current, erosion and deposition rate at the sea floor interface, and engineering, acoustic, and electrical properties of sediments. Pore water pressure.
  • Velocity and direction of seawater are obtained by observation with a current meter mounted on the observation device; methane concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration, and carbon dioxide concentration are obtained by observation with a gas concentration sensor; suspended matter concentration is obtained by inversion of resistivity observation values; temperature and salinity And seawater turbidity, obtained through observation of a multi-parameter sensor.
  • Seabed erosion and sedimentation rate is obtained by real-time measurement of resistivity vertical probes penetrating into the bottom sediment.
  • the resistivity values of seawater and sediment measured by the vertical resistivity probe, according to the difference in conductivity between the sediment and seawater, the sudden change in resistivity is the seabed interface.
  • the engineering properties and physical and mechanical index parameters of the submarine sediments are comprehensively determined through the three-dimensional measurement of the submarine resistivity and the measurement results of the acoustic waves.
  • Temporal and spatial changes in resistivity, acoustic impedance, and acoustic attenuation of seafloor sediments were observed in situ; through field and laboratory soil mechanics tests, resistivity, acoustic parameters and density, water content, liquid-plastic limit, and porosity of seabed soil were established The relationship between the density, specific gravity, and intensity; and then the engineering properties, physical and mechanical properties, and dynamic changes of seafloor sediments are retrieved through electrical and acoustic observations.
  • the specific process of sound wave inversion is to use the spectrum technology to extract the sound wave amplitudes received by the two receiving transducers, and find the sound wave attenuation amplitude.
  • the relationship between the acoustic parameters (sound velocity and sound attenuation amplitude) and the physical and mechanical properties of the sediment was determined, and the acoustic parameters were inverted into physical and mechanical parameters.
  • Sediment acoustic probe, sediment pore water pressure probe and three-dimensional resistivity probe are hydraulically penetrated into the sediment through the probe to hydraulically penetrate the sediment to avoid the uncontrollability of gravity penetration.
  • the sediment acoustic probe, sediment pore water pressure probe and three-dimensional resistivity probe are penetrated one by one; for soft bottom sea areas, the sediment acoustics Probes, sediment pore water pressure probes, and three-dimensional resistivity probes are uniformly penetrated at one time.
  • the observation data adopts two modes of real-time transmission and self-capacity storage.
  • the key data is in real-time transmission mode, and the remaining data is in self-capacity storage mode. It not only guarantees the real-time nature of the data, provides data for disaster early warning, etc .; it also reduces power supply and extends the observation time.
  • the power generation unit is realized by a seawater dissolved oxygen battery to ensure the observation of electricity demand. Avoid carrying a large number of batteries or long-distance submarine cables.
  • the electric energy storage unit alternates the charging and discharging process, that is, when one stores electric energy, the other supplies power to the observation system.
  • the power supply for the hydraulic penetration system of the rod is provided independently by the battery compartment of the penetration mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 is a left side view of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a front view of the present invention (vertical probe is not shown).
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention located above the main control and data storage transmission system.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a portion of the main control and data storage transmission system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a sediment acoustic probe of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pore water pressure probe of a sediment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional resistivity data acquisition circuit diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of communication modes of the subsea observation system, the relay system, and the remote system according to the present invention.
  • 1 sediment acoustic probe 1 sediment acoustic probe, 2 sediment pore water pressure probe, 3 3D resistivity probe, 4 water body observation instrument, 5 long-term observation power supply system, 6 probe hydraulic penetration system, 7 master control and data storage Transmission system, 8 acoustic releases, 9 underwater acoustic communicators, 10 instrument-mounted platforms,
  • acoustic signal transmitting probe 12 acoustic signal receiving probe, 13 directional transmitting transducer, 14 receiving transducer, 15 acoustic signal transmission line, 16 stainless steel pipe, 17 pore water pressure sensor, 18 penetration cone head, 19 pore Water pressure signal transmission line, 20 resistivity vertical probe, 21 resistivity horizontal probe, 22 power generation unit, 23 electric energy storage unit, 24 hydraulic cabin, 25 control cabin, 26 drive cabin, 27 penetration mechanism battery compartment, 28 penetration Manipulator, 29 anti-overturning base.
  • the in-situ long-term observation device for deep-sea bottom-mounted engineering geological environment of the present invention mainly includes sediment acoustic probe 1, sediment pore water pressure probe 2, three-dimensional resistivity probe 3, and water observation instrument 4 Long-term observation power supply system 5.
  • Instrument mounting platform 10. The sediment acoustic probe 1, the sediment pore water pressure probe 2, the three-dimensional resistivity probe 3, and the water observation instrument 4 are used as subsea observation units.
  • the water body observation instrument 4 mainly integrates suspended matter concentration, methane concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, salinity, and ocean current observation units. Other water body element observation instruments may be mounted on the instrument mounting platform 10.
  • the above-mentioned water body observation instrument 4 can be powered centrally through the long-term observation power supply system 5, or can be powered independently with its own battery.
  • the observation data adopts two modes of real-time transmission and self-capacity storage.
  • the key data is in real-time transmission mode, and the remaining data is in self-capacity storage mode.
  • the instrument carrying platform 10 is equipped with an underwater acoustic communicator 9.
  • the long-term observation power supply system 5 is mainly composed of 4 power generation units 22 and 2 system electrical energy storage units 23.
  • the power generation unit is realized by a seawater dissolved oxygen battery to ensure the observation of electricity demand.
  • the four power generating units 22 are symmetrically arranged outside the instrument carrying platform 10; the instrument carrying platform is open, and the internal seawater can pass freely; the current speed near the power generating unit is ensured to the greatest extent to ensure the dissolution of the power supply system Oxygen supply.
  • the electric energy storage unit alternates the charging and discharging process, that is, when one stores electric energy, the other supplies power to the observation system.
  • four anti-overturning bases 29 are installed at the bottom of the instrument carrying platform 10.
  • the four anti-overturning bases 29 are arranged at the four corners of the instrument mounting platform 10 in a center-to-center manner.
  • the sediment acoustic probe 1 of the present invention includes an acoustic signal transmitting probe 11 and an acoustic signal receiving probe 12.
  • the above-mentioned acoustic signal transmitting probe 11 is provided with a directional transmitting transducer 13, and the acoustic signal receiving probe 12 is provided with two receiving transducers 14 at different depths.
  • the sedimentary sounding rod measurement workflow is specifically:
  • the master control and data storage transmission system 7 sends an operation start instruction to the acoustic signal transmitting probe 11 through the acoustic probe signal transmission line 15 to stimulate the transmitting transducer 13 to generate an acoustic signal.
  • Acoustic signals are received by the receiving transducer 14 after they propagate in the sediment on the sea floor.
  • the acoustic signal receiving probe 12 completes data acquisition by pre-amplifying, filtering, and automatic gain control of the acoustic signals.
  • the data is further transmitted to the embedded industrial computer through the acoustic signal transmission line 15 for compression and storage.
  • the two receiving transducers 14 installed on the acoustic signal receiving probe 12 can successively receive sound waves from the same directional transmitting transducer 13 on the acoustic signal transmitting probe 11 and reaching different depths.
  • the time difference T between the sound wave signals reaching the two receiving transducers 14 can be determined, and the distance L between the two receiving transducers 14 is known L, and the velocity V of the sound wave propagation in the sediment can be calculated.
  • V L / T.
  • the amplitudes of the sound waves received by the two receiving transducers 14 are extracted, and the attenuation amplitudes of the sound waves are obtained.
  • the relationship between acoustic parameters (sound velocity and sound attenuation range) and the physical and mechanical properties of the sediments (density, water content, liquid-plastic limit, porosity ratio, specific gravity, strength) were determined, and the acoustic parameters were inverted into physical mechanics parameter.
  • a plurality of circular-ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic tubes are connected in parallel.
  • a plurality of circular-ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic tubes are connected in series.
  • the pore water pressure probe 4 of the present invention is mainly composed of four sections of stainless steel pipes 16, four pore water pressure sensors 17, and a penetration cone 18.
  • the sediment pore water pressure probe 2 is connected to the main control and data storage transmission system 7 through a pore water pressure probe signal transmission line 19 for data communication and signal transmission.
  • the stainless steel pipe 16 is made of 316L stainless steel.
  • the pore water pressure sensor 17 is a fiber grating differential pressure sensor.
  • the strain change on the grating is converted into a wavelength change, and the relationship between the change in the center wavelength of the fiber grating and the pore water pressure is calibrated. Observation data were inverted to sediment pore water pressure.
  • the three-dimensional resistivity probe 3 is composed of one resistivity vertical probe 20 and four cross-resistivity horizontal probes 21.
  • An electrode ring is distributed between the resistivity vertical probe 20 and the resistivity horizontal probe 21 at intervals.
  • the material of the resistivity probe rod is made of three-type polypropylene, and the electrodes are graphite electrodes, which are embedded in the rod body.
  • the electrodes on the resistivity vertical probe 20 used the Wenner method to perform rolling measurement, and the resistivity at different depths along the vertical probe 20 was measured.
  • the resistivity vertical probe 20 and the resistivity horizontal probe 21 can be used to observe the three-dimensional resistivity of the sediment.
  • the three-dimensional resistivity observation of the above-mentioned sediments uses a two-pole device.
  • the supply electrode B and the measurement electrode N are respectively placed at infinity with dedicated wires;
  • the supply electrode A uses electrodes of different resistivity vertical probes 20 at different depths, and
  • the measurement electrode M uses 4 electrodes of the resistivity horizontal probe 21 respectively. .
  • the above-mentioned three-dimensional resistivity observation uses parallel technology. That is, each time the power is supplied, the potential poles on the resistivity level probe 21 are simultaneously measured.
  • FIG. 7 it is a three-dimensional resistivity data acquisition circuit diagram of the present invention.
  • the above-mentioned three-dimensional resistivity observation and acquisition circuit is mainly composed of a central control circuit, a three-dimensional resistivity parallel acquisition circuit, a vertical probe electrode conversion and acquisition circuit, and a power supply circuit.
  • the above-mentioned central control circuit is composed of a central processing unit (CPU) and a storage device, and realizes the entire acquisition and storage process and data transmission control.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • the central processing unit uses a 32-bit embedded processor ARM9. Two different types of memory RAM and ROM are connected to ARM9 to realize program and acquisition data storage.
  • the CAN bus interface is used to connect between the main controller and the ARM9.
  • the three-dimensional resistivity parallel acquisition circuit is composed of multiple parallel channels, each channel is composed of a preamplifier and an A / D conversion circuit, and the input of each channel is the measured potential between the selected rod electrode and the infinite N pole.
  • the vertical probe electrode conversion and acquisition circuit is mainly composed of a switch decoder and a power supply and measurement circuit.
  • the power supply circuit and the measurement circuit are connected to the switch decoder through two wires, respectively. When measuring, they are connected to the power supply and measurement circuit through the switch decoder selection electrode.
  • the power supply circuit is externally connected to a seawater battery, and is connected to a CPU and a transmitter after being connected with a voltage stabilizing device, and supplies power to the collecting host and the transmitter, respectively.
  • the sudden change in resistivity measured by resistivity vertical probe 20 is the position of the seabed interface. According to the position change of the seabed interface, the rate of seabed erosion and deposition can be calculated.
  • the physical and mechanical properties of the sediment can be compared and analyzed by the acoustic probe 1 of the sediment and the three-dimensional resistivity probe 3, and finally the physical and mechanical properties of the sediment can be comprehensively determined.
  • the sediment acoustic probe 1, the sediment pore water pressure probe 2 and the three-dimensional resistivity probe 3 are hydraulically penetrated into the sediment through the probe hydraulic penetration system 6.
  • the above-mentioned probe hydraulic penetrating system 6 is composed of a hydraulic chamber 24, a control chamber 25, a driving chamber 26, a penetrating mechanism battery chamber 27, and a penetrating manipulator 28.
  • the long-term observation power supply system 5 has not stored enough power, and the power supply of the rod hydraulic penetration system 6 is provided independently by the battery compartment 27 of the penetration mechanism.
  • the acoustic probe 1, the pore water pressure probe 2 and the three-dimensional resistivity probe 3 of the sediment are penetrated one by one; for the soft bottom sea area, The sediment acoustic probe 1, the sediment pore water pressure probe 2 and the three-dimensional resistivity probe 3 are uniformly penetrated at one time.
  • the method for releasing and recovering the in-situ long-term observation device of the deep sea bottom engineering geological environment of the present invention is as follows:
  • the release speed is reduced to prevent the impact of the bottom from damaging the observation device.
  • the sedimentary acoustic probe 1 After the instrument bottoms out, the sedimentary acoustic probe 1, the sediment pore water pressure probe 2 and the three-dimensional resistivity probe 3 are penetrated into the sediment through the probe hydraulic penetration system 6 of the observation device.
  • the penetration method is sequential or unified at one time.
  • the acoustic release 8 at the top of the observation device is activated. After the acoustic release is released, the steel cable is detached from the observation device. Recover the steel cable and complete the release of the observation device.
  • the survey ship was driven to the release position based on GPS positioning, and the observation device was recovered.
  • An underwater robot ROV is used to fix one end of the geological winch steel cable to the release position of the acoustic release of the subsea observation device.
  • the submarine observation device is recovered by recovering the geological winch steel cable.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a communication manner between an in-situ long-term observation device of a deep-sea subsea engineering geological environment, a sea surface signal relay system, and a remote server according to the present invention.
  • the in-situ long-term observation device of the deep-sea subsea engineering geological environment is powered by seawater batteries to complete a series of data collection.
  • the collected data is transmitted to the sea surface signal relay system through underwater acoustic communication.
  • the sea surface signal relay system is powered by a solar battery.
  • the sea surface signal relay system transmits data to the satellite by satellite communication, and the satellite transmits data to the remote server by satellite communication.
  • remote server users can query, download and analyze observation data.
  • the remote server transmits the signal to the satellite by satellite communication.
  • the satellite transmits signals to the surface signal relay system by satellite communication.
  • the surface signal relay system transmits the signal through the underwater acoustic communication method to the submarine observation system.
  • the invention can carry out in-situ, long-term, real-time and comprehensive observations of the engineering properties, physical properties, mechanical properties, and biochemical properties of seawater-seabed interface-sediment within a depth of 2000 meters. It has application value in marine environment monitoring and marine geological disaster monitoring.

Abstract

深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置及方法，包括沉积物声学探杆(1)、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆(2)、三维电阻率探杆(3)、水体观测仪器(4)、长期观测供电系统(5)、探杆液压贯入系统(6)、总控与数据存储传输系统(7)、声学释放器(8)、水声通讯机(9)与仪器搭载平台(10)。观测内容包括海水—海床界面—沉积物的工程性质、物理性质、力学性质、生物化学性质。海底沉积物的工程性质、物理力学指标，通过海底电阻率三维量测和声波测量结果综合确定。海水的物理、生化性质，通过搭载的传感器获取。观测探杆通过液压方式贯入到沉积物中。通过海水溶解氧电池供电；数据传输通过海面中继浮标与卫星通讯实现。为深海工程地质环境提供了一种行之有效的综合、原位、长期观测装置与方法。

Description

深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于海洋观测技术领域，具体地说，是涉及深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置及方法。
背景技术
随着海洋油气资源开发等海洋工程逐步由浅海走向深海，深海观测对海洋工程的重要性日益突出。并且，诸多海洋科学问题的解答也需要海洋观测数据的证实与支撑。深海的海洋工程地质环境原位长期观测不仅具有重要的科学意义，也具有实际的工程应用价值。
目前，国内正在建设的海底观测网虽然一定程度上解决了数据传输与观测用电需求的问题，但海底观测网耗费资金巨大、建设周期漫长，并且灵活性较差、维护困难。相对于海底观测网，还存在一种采用独立供电方式的海底观测平台，其灵活性较高，但却难以实现对海水与沉积物的同步、原位、长期、实时观测。并且已有的观测平台也无法实现对海水—海床界面—沉积物的工程性质、物理性质、力学性质、生物化学性质的综合观测。目前针对沉积物的原位观测装置，多采用自身重力将观测探杆贯入到沉积物中的方式，无法保证观测探杆的贯入效果。如何在有限的建设资金与复杂的深海条件下，实现海水—海床界面—沉积物的工程性质、物理性质、力学性质、生物化学性质的综合、原位、长期、实时观测，仍然是未能解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置及方法，弥补现有技术的缺陷或不足。
深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置，其特征在于包括呈框架式结构的仪器搭载平台，该仪器搭载平台上设有沉积物声学探杆、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆、三维电阻率探杆，以及将上述探杆贯入海底沉积物的探杆液压贯入系统，还搭载有水体观测仪器、长期观测供电系统、总控与数据存储传输系统、声学释放器和水声通讯机；
所述的沉积物声学探杆由声学信号发射探杆与声学信号接收探杆组成；所述的声学信号发射探杆中安装有1个定向发射换能器，声学信号接收探杆不同深度处分别安装有1个接收换能器；声学信号发射探杆与声学信号接收探杆末端均通过声学信号传输线与总控与数据存储传输系统连接；
所述发射换能器采用多个圆环形压电陶瓷管并联套结方式，以提高发射换能器的发射电压响应；所述的接收换能器采用多个圆环形压电陶瓷管串联套结方式，以提高接收换能器的接收灵敏度；
所述的三维电阻率探杆，由1根电阻率垂直探杆、4根十字交叉的电阻率水平探杆构成；
所述的电阻率垂直探杆与电阻率水平探杆上均间隔分布有电极环；探杆杆体材料选用三型聚丙烯材质，电极采用石墨电极，内嵌在杆体中；
所述沉积物孔隙水压力探杆的孔隙水压力传感器选用光纤光栅压差式传感器，该光纤光栅压差式传感器能够将光栅上的应变变化，转化为波长变化，并标定光纤光栅中心波长的变化与孔隙水压力的关系，而将观测数据反演为沉积物孔隙水压力；孔隙水压力探杆的杆体部分采用不锈钢钢管，不锈钢钢管底部安装贯入锥头、末端通过孔隙水压力信号传输线与总控与数据存储传输系统连接；
所述的水体观测仪器集成了悬浮物浓度、甲烷浓度、溶解氧浓度、二氧化碳浓度、温度、盐度、海流观测单元。
所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置，其特征在于所述的沉积物声学探杆的数据处理方法是：
通过频谱技术，提取2个接收换能器接收到的声波振幅，求出声波的衰减幅度；
通过室内试验，确定声学参数与沉积物物理力学性质之间的关系，将声学参数反演为物理力学参数；
所述声学参数为声速和声衰减幅度；所述沉积物物理力学性质是密度、含水率、液塑限、孔隙比、比重、强度。
所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置，其特征在于所述的三维电阻率探杆的数据处理方法是：
利用海水与沉积物电阻率差异，电阻率垂直探杆所测电阻率发生突变处即海床界面位置；
根据海床界面位置变化，推算海床侵蚀淤积速率；
通过室内试验，确定海水悬浮物浓度与电阻率之间的关系、确定沉积物物理力学性质与电阻率之间的关系；所述沉积物物理力学性质为密度、含水率、液塑限、孔隙比、比重、强度；
根据所测得的电阻率反演海水悬浮物浓度与沉积物物理力学性质；
将沉积物声学探杆与三维电阻率探杆反演的沉积物物理力学性质进行对比分析，最终综合确定沉积物物理力学性质。
所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置，其特征在于所述的探杆液压贯入系统包括安装在仪器搭载平台上的液压舱、控制舱、驱动舱、贯入机构电池舱、贯入机械手。
所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置，其特征在于所述水体观测仪器通过长期观测供电系统集中供电，或以自带电池进行独立供电。
所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置，其特征在于所述的长期观测供电系统由四个发电单元与两个电能储存单元组成；
所述的发电单元选用海水溶解氧电池，四个发电单元以中心对称方式布置均匀布置于仪器搭载平台外侧；仪器搭载平台的框架结构呈开放式，内部海水可自由穿过；最大程度保证发电单元附近海流速度，以保障供电系统的溶解氧供应；两个电能储存单元交替进行充放电过程，即一个储存电能时，另一个对观测系统供电。
所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置，其特征在于为防止海底观测装置发生倾覆，仪器搭载平台底部呈对称方式安装有4个防倾覆底座。
所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置释放方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
将调查船驶至指定站位，停船；将船载地质绞车钢缆与声学释放器连接，将深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置通过船载地质绞车释放，释放速度≤1m/s；
根据站位水深与已释放钢缆的长度，预估观测装置距离海底100m-200m时，降低释放速度，以防止触底时的冲击对观测装置造成破坏；
仪器触底后，通过观测装置的探杆液压贯入系统将沉积物声学探杆、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆与三维电阻率探杆贯入到沉积物中；贯入方式为逐次贯入或一次性统一贯入；
贯入结束，激发观测装置顶端的声学释放器；声学释放器释放后，钢缆与观测装置脱离，回收钢缆，完成观测装置释放。
所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置完成观测后的回收方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
根据指定站位的坐标，通过GPS定位，将调查船驶至释放位置；
利用ROV水下机器人将船载地质绞车钢缆一端固定于海底观测装置声学释放器；
完成ROV水下机器人回收后，再通过回收船载地质绞车钢缆，完成海底观测装置回收。
本发明具有以下显著优点：
本发明观测内容包括海水体的悬浮物浓度、甲烷浓度、溶解氧浓度、二氧化碳浓度、温度、盐度、海流，海床界面的侵蚀淤积速率，以及沉积物的工程性质、声学性质、电学性质、孔隙水压力。
海水体流速、流向，通过观测装置搭载的海流计观测获得；甲烷浓度、溶解氧浓度、二氧化碳浓度通过搭载的气体浓度传感器观测获得；悬浮物浓度通过电阻率观测值反演得到；温度、盐度、海水浊度，通过搭载的多参数传感器观测获得。
海床面侵蚀淤积速率是通过贯入海底沉积物中的电阻率垂直探杆的实时量测获得。通过电阻率垂直探杆测得的海水与沉积物电阻率值，根据沉积物与海水的导电性差异，电阻率突变处即为海床界面。
海底沉积物工程性质、物理力学指标参数，通过海底电阻率三维量测和声波测量结果综合确定。通过原位观测海底沉积物的电阻率、声阻抗、声衰减的时空变化；通过现场与实验室土力学测试，建立海床土电阻率、声学参数与密度、含水率、液塑限、孔隙比、比重、强度之间的关系；进而通过电学、声学观测反演海底沉积物工程性质、物理力学性质及其动态变化。声波反演具体流程为通过频谱技术，提取2个接收换能器接收到的声波振幅，求出声波的衰减幅度。通过室内试验，确定声学参数(声速和声衰减幅度)与沉积物物理力学性质之间的关系，将声学参数反演为物理力学参数。
沉积物声学探杆、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆与三维电阻率探杆通过探杆液压贯入系统，以液压方式贯入到沉积物中，避免重力贯入方式的不可控性。
为保证探杆顺利贯入到沉积物中，对于硬底质海区，沉积物声学探杆、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆与三维电阻率探杆逐一贯入；对于软底质海区，沉积物声学探杆、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆与三维电阻率探杆统一一次性贯入。
观测数据采用实时传输与自容存储两种模式。关键数据采用实时传输模式，其余数据采用自容存储模式。既保证数据的实时性，为灾害预警等提供数据；又减少供电，延长观测时间。
利用长期观测供电系统进行供电。发电单元通过海水溶解氧电池实现，保证观测用电需求。避免携带大量电池或长距离海底电缆的铺设。
所述的发电单元共四个，呈对称方式布置于仪器搭载平台外侧；仪器搭载平台呈开放式，内部海水可自由穿过；最大程度保证发电单元附近海流速度， 以保障供电系统的溶解氧供应。
所述的电能储存单元共2个。电能储存单元交替进行充放电过程，即一个储存电能时，另一个对观测系统供电。
考虑到贯入观测探杆时，观测装置刚释放入海，长期观测供电系统尚没有存储足够电能，探杆液压贯入系统的供电由贯入机构电池舱独立提供。
附图说明
图1是本发明的左视图。
图2是本发明的主视图(垂直探杆未画入)。
图3是本发明的位于总控与数据存储传输系统以上部分的俯视图。
图4是本发明的位于总控与数据存储传输系统以下部分的俯视图。
图5是本发明的沉积物声学探杆示意图。
图6是本发明的沉积物孔隙水压力探杆示意图。
图7是本发明的三维电阻率数据采集电路图。
图8是本发明的海底观测系统与中继系统、远程系统的通讯方式示意图。
其中，1沉积物声学探杆、2沉积物孔隙水压力探杆、3三维电阻率探杆、4水体观测仪器、5长期观测供电系统、6探杆液压贯入系统、7总控与数据存储传输系统、8声学释放器、9水声通讯机、10仪器搭载平台、
11声学信号发射探杆、12声学信号接收探杆、13定向发射换能器、14接收换能器、15声学信号传输线、16不锈钢钢管、17孔隙水压力传感器、18贯入锥头、19孔隙水压力信号传输线、20电阻率垂直探杆、21电阻率水平探杆、22发电单元、23电能储存单元、24液压舱、25控制舱、26驱动舱、27贯入机构电池舱、28贯入机械手、29防倾覆底座。
具体实施方式
如图1-4，本发明的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置主要包括沉积物声学探杆1、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆2、三维电阻率探杆3、水体观测仪器4、长期观测供电系统5、探杆液压贯入系统6、总控与数据存储传输系统7、声学释放器8、水声通讯机9、仪器搭载平台10。其中沉积物声学探杆1、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆2、三维电阻率探杆3、水体观测仪器4作为海底观测单元。
所述的水体观测仪器4主要集成了悬浮物浓度、甲烷浓度、溶解氧浓度、二氧化碳浓度、温度、盐度、海流观测单元。水体其他要素观测仪器也可搭载于仪器搭载平台10。
上述的水体观测仪器4可通过长期观测供电系统5集中供电，也可自带电池进行独立供电。
观测数据采用实时传输与自容存储两种模式。关键数据采用实时传输模式，其余数据采用自容存储模式。为实现远程指令信号发送与数据实时传输，仪器搭载平台10安装有水声通讯机9。
所述的长期观测供电系统5主要由4个发电单元22与2个系统电能储存单元23组成。发电单元通过海水溶解氧电池实现，保证观测用电需求。
所述的发电单元22共四个，呈对称方式布置于仪器搭载平台10外侧；仪器搭载平台呈开放式，内部海水可自由穿过；最大程度保证发电单元附近海流速度，以保障供电系统的溶解氧供应。
所述的电能储存单元23共2个。电能储存单元交替进行充放电过程，即一个储存电能时，另一个对观测系统供电。
为防止海底观测装置发生倾覆，仪器搭载平台10底部安装有4个防倾覆底座29。所述的4个防倾覆底座29以中心对阵方式布置于仪器搭载平台10的四角。
如图5，本发明的沉积物声学探杆1包括声学信号发射探杆11与声学信号接收探杆12。
上述的声学信号发射探杆11安装有1个定向发射换能器13，声学信号接收探杆12不同深度处安装有2个接收换能器14。
所述的沉积物声学探杆测量工作流程具体为：
当沉积物声学探杆1贯入结束后，总控与数据存储传输系统7通过声学探杆信号传输线15向声学信号发射探杆11发送开始工作指令，激励发射换能器13产生声波信号。
声波信号在海底沉积物中传播后被接收换能器14接收，声学信号接收探杆12通过对声波信号进行前置放大、滤波、自动增益控制等处理后，完成数据采集。并进一步通过声学信号传输线15将数据传送给嵌入式工控机进行压缩和存储。
声学观测数据处理过程具体为：
声学信号接收探杆12安装的2个接收换能器14可以先后接收声学信号发射探杆11上同一个定向发射换能器13发射的到达不同深度的声波。可以确定声波信号到达2个接收换能器14的时间差T，并且2个接收换能器14的距离已知L，可以计算声波在沉积物中传播的速度V。
声波在沉积物中传播的速度V的计算公式为V＝L/T。
通过频谱技术，提取2个接收换能器14接收到的声波振幅，求出声波的衰减幅度。通过室内试验，确定声学参数(声速和声衰减幅度)与沉积物物理力 学性质(密度、含水率、液塑限、孔隙比、比重、强度)之间的关系，将声学参数反演为物理力学参数。
为提高发射换能器13的发射电压响应，采用多个圆环形压电陶瓷管并联套结方式。
为提高接收换能器14的接收灵敏度，采用多个圆环形压电陶瓷管串联套结方式。
如图6，本发明的孔隙水压力探杆4主要由4段不锈钢钢管16、4个孔隙水压力传感器17、1个贯入锥头18组成。
所述的沉积物孔隙水压力探杆2通过孔隙水压力探杆信号传输线19与总控与数据存储传输系统7连接，进行数据通讯与信号传输。
为防止海水腐蚀探杆，不锈钢钢管16选用316L不锈钢材质。
孔隙水压力传感器17选用光纤光栅压差式传感器。将光栅上的应变变化，转化为波长变化，并标定光纤光栅中心波长的变化与孔隙水压力的关系。将观测数据反演为沉积物孔隙水压力。
如图1、4，三维电阻率探杆3由1根电阻率垂直探杆20、4根十字交叉电阻率水平探杆21构成。
电阻率垂直探杆20与电阻率水平探杆21均间隔分布有电极环。
电阻率探杆杆体材料选用三型聚丙烯材质，电极采用石墨电极，内嵌在杆体中。
总控与数据存储传输系统7发布指令后，电阻率垂直探杆20上的电极采用Wenner方式实现滚动测量，测得沿垂直探杆20不同深度的电阻率。
通过电阻率垂直探杆20与电阻率水平探杆21，可进行沉积物三维电阻率观测。
上述沉积物三维电阻率观测采用二极装置。观测时，供电极B和测量极N分别利用专用导线置于无穷远；供电极A选用电阻率垂直探杆20不同深度的电极，测量极M分别选用4根电阻率水平探杆21上的电极。
为节约长期观测中的电能消耗，同时保证在沉积物中产生较强电流场，上述三维电阻率观测采用并行技术。即每次供电，电阻率水平探杆21上的电位极同时实现测量。
如图7所示，为本发明的三维电阻率数据采集电路图。
上述的三维电阻率观测采集电路主要由中央控制电路，三维电阻率并行采集电路、垂直探杆电极转换与采集电路、供电电路。
上述的中央控制电路由中央处理器(CPU)和存储器件组成，实现整个采 集存储过程及数据传输控制。
中央处理器(CPU)采用32位嵌入式处理器ARM9。两个不同类型的存储器RAM、ROM分别和ARM9相连实现程序和采集数据存储。
主控器和ARM9之间采用CAN总线接口连接。
三维电阻率并行采集电路由并行的多个通道构成，每个通道由前置放大器和A/D转换电路构成，每个通道输入为选定的杆体电极和无穷远极N间的测量电位。
垂直探杆电极转换与采集电路主要由开关译码器和供电、测量电路组成，供电电路和测量电路分别通过两路导线和开关译码器相连。测量时分别通过开关译码器选择电极和供电、测量电路相连。
供电电路外接海水电池，内接稳压装置后分别和CPU、发射机相连，分别给采集主机和发射机供电。
由于海水与沉积物电阻率差异，电阻率垂直探杆20所测电阻率发生突变处即为海床界面位置。根据海床界面位置变化，可推算海床侵蚀淤积速率。
通过室内试验，确定海水悬浮物浓度与电阻率之间的关系、确定沉积物物理力学性质(密度、含水率、液塑限、孔隙比、比重、强度)与电阻率之间的关系。继而，可根据所测得的电阻率反演海水悬浮物浓度与沉积物物理力学性质。
可将沉积物声学探杆1与三维电阻率探杆3反演的沉积物物理力学性质进行对比分析，最终综合确定沉积物物理力学性质。
沉积物声学探杆1、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆2与三维电阻率探杆3通过探杆液压贯入系统6，以液压方式贯入到沉积物中。
上述的探杆液压贯入系统6由液压舱24、控制舱25、驱动舱26、贯入机构电池舱27、贯入机械手28组成。
考虑到贯入观测探杆时，观测装置刚释放入海，长期观测供电系统5尚没有存储足够电能，探杆液压贯入系统6的供电由贯入机构电池舱27独立提供。
为保证探杆顺利贯入到沉积物中，对于硬底质海区，沉积物声学探杆1、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆2与三维电阻率探杆3逐一贯入；对于软底质海区，沉积物声学探杆1、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆2与三维电阻率探杆3统一一次性贯入。
本发明的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置释放与回收方法如下：
将调查船驶至指定站位，停船。将深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测 装置通过船载地质绞车释放，释放速度为1m/s。
根据站位水深与已释放钢缆的长度，预估观测装置距离海底100m-200m时，降低释放速度，防止触底时的冲击对观测装置造成破坏。
仪器触底后，通过观测装置的探杆液压贯入系统6将沉积物声学探杆1、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆2与三维电阻率探杆3贯入到沉积物中。
根据观测区底质确定贯入方式是逐次贯入，还是一次性统一贯入。
贯入结束，激发观测装置顶端的声学释放器8。声学释放器释放后，钢缆与观测装置脱离。回收钢缆，完成观测装置释放。
经过长期观测，根据GPS定位，将调查船驶至释放位置，进行观测装置回收。
利用水下机器人ROV将地质绞车钢缆一端固定于海底观测装置声学释放器释放位置。
完成ROV回收后，再通过回收地质绞车钢缆，完成海底观测装置回收。
附图8为本发明的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置与海面信号中继系统、远程服务器的通讯方式示意图。
如图8，深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置通过海水电池供电，完成系列数据采集。
所采集数据通过水声通讯方式传输至海面信号中继系统。所述的海面信号中继系统通过太阳能电池供电。
海面信号中继系统将数据以卫星通讯方式传输至卫星，卫星将数据以卫星通讯方式传输至远程服务器。
通过远程服务器，用户进行观测数据的查询、下载、分析。
根据观测需要，需要调整观测参数时，远程服务器将信号以卫星通讯方式传输至卫星。卫星将信号以卫星通讯方式传输至海面信号中继系统。
海面信号中继系统将信号过水声通讯方式传输至海底观测系统。
工业实用性
本发明可以在2000米水深范围内进行海水—海床界面—沉积物的工程性质、物理性质、力学性质、生物化学性质的原位、长期、实时、综合观测。在海洋环境监测、海洋地质灾害监测等方面具有应用价值。

Claims (9)

  1. 深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置，其特征在于包括呈框架式结构的仪器搭载平台(10)，该仪器搭载平台(10)上设有沉积物声学探杆(1)、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆(2)、三维电阻率探杆(3)，以及将上述探杆贯入海底沉积物的探杆液压贯入系统(6)，还搭载有水体观测仪器(4)、长期观测供电系统(5)、总控与数据存储传输系统(7)、声学释放器(8)和水声通讯机(9)；
    所述的沉积物声学探杆(1)由声学信号发射探杆(11)与声学信号接收探杆(12)组成；所述的声学信号发射探杆(11)中安装有1个定向发射换能器(13)，声学信号接收探杆(12)不同深度处分别安装有1个接收换能器(14)；声学信号发射探杆(11)与声学信号接收探杆(12)末端均通过声学信号传输线(15)与总控与数据存储传输系统(7)连接；
    所述发射换能器(13)采用多个圆环形压电陶瓷管并联套结方式，以提高发射换能器(13)的发射电压响应；所述的接收换能器(14)采用多个圆环形压电陶瓷管串联套结方式，以提高接收换能器(14)的接收灵敏度；
    所述的三维电阻率探杆(3)，由1根电阻率垂直探杆(20)、4根十字交叉的电阻率水平探杆(21)构成；
    所述的电阻率垂直探杆(20)与电阻率水平探杆(21)上均间隔分布有电极环；探杆杆体材料选用三型聚丙烯材质，电极采用石墨电极，内嵌在杆体中；
    所述沉积物孔隙水压力探杆(2)的孔隙水压力传感器(17)选用光纤光栅压差式传感器，该光纤光栅压差式传感器能够将光栅上的应变变化，转化为波长变化，并标定光纤光栅中心波长的变化与孔隙水压力的关系，而将观测数据反演为沉积物孔隙水压力；孔隙水压力探杆(2)的杆体部分采用不锈钢钢管(16)，不锈钢钢管(16)底部安装贯入锥头(17)、末端通过孔隙水压力信号传输线(19)与总控与数据存储传输系统(7)连接；
    所述的水体观测仪器(4)集成了悬浮物浓度、甲烷浓度、溶解氧浓度、二氧化碳浓度、温度、盐度、海流观测单元。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置，其特征在于所述的沉积物声学探杆(1)的数据处理方法是：
    通过频谱技术，提取2个接收换能器(14)接收到的声波振幅，求出声波的衰减幅度；
    通过室内试验，确定声学参数与沉积物物理力学性质之间的关系，将声学参数反演为物理力学参数；
    所述声学参数为声速和声衰减幅度；所述沉积物物理力学性质是密度、含水率、液塑限、孔隙比、比重、强度。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置，其特征在于所述的三维电阻率探杆(3)的数据处理方法是：
    利用海水与沉积物电阻率差异，电阻率垂直探杆(20)所测电阻率发生突变处即海床界面位置；
    根据海床界面位置变化，推算海床侵蚀淤积速率；
    通过室内试验，确定海水悬浮物浓度与电阻率之间的关系、确定沉积物物理力学性质与电阻率之间的关系；所述沉积物物理力学性质为密度、含水率、液塑限、孔隙比、比重、强度；
    根据所测得的电阻率反演海水悬浮物浓度与沉积物物理力学性质；
    将沉积物声学探杆(1)与三维电阻率探杆(3)反演的沉积物物理力学性质进行对比分析，最终综合确定沉积物物理力学性质。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置，其特征在于所述的探杆液压贯入系统(6)包括安装在仪器搭载平台(10)上的液压舱(24)、控制舱(25)、驱动舱(26)、贯入机构电池舱(27)、贯入机械手(28)。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置，其特征在于所述水体观测仪器(4)通过长期观测供电系统(5)集中供电，或以自带电池进行独立供电。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置，其特征在于所述的长期观测供电系统(5)由四个发电单元(22)与两个电能储存单元(23)组成；
    所述的发电单元(22)选用海水溶解氧电池，四个发电单元以中心对称方式布置均匀布置于仪器搭载平台(10)外侧；仪器搭载平台(10)的框架结构呈开放式，内部海水可自由穿过；最大程度保证发电单元(22)附近海流速度，以保障供电系统的溶解氧供应；两个电能储存单元交替进行充放电过程，即一个储存电能时，另一个对观测系统供电。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置， 其特征在于为防止海底观测装置发生倾覆，仪器搭载平台(10)底部呈对称方式安装有4个防倾覆底座(29)。
  8. 权利要求1所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置释放方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    将调查船驶至指定站位，停船；将船载地质绞车钢缆与声学释放器(8)连接，将深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置通过船载地质绞车释放，释放速度≤1m/s；
    根据站位水深与已释放钢缆的长度，预估观测装置距离海底100m-200m时，降低释放速度，以防止触底时的冲击对观测装置造成破坏；
    仪器触底后，通过观测装置的探杆液压贯入系统(6)将沉积物声学探杆(1)、沉积物孔隙水压力探杆(2)与三维电阻率探杆(3)贯入到沉积物中；贯入方式为逐次贯入或一次性统一贯入；
    贯入结束，激发观测装置顶端的声学释放器(8)；声学释放器(8)释放后，钢缆与观测装置脱离，回收钢缆，完成观测装置释放。
  9. 权利要求1所述的深海座底式工程地质环境原位长期观测装置完成观测后的回收方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    根据指定站位的坐标，通过GPS定位，将调查船驶至释放位置；
    利用ROV水下机器人将船载地质绞车钢缆一端固定于海底观测装置声学释放器；
    完成ROV水下机器人回收后，再通过回收船载地质绞车钢缆，完成海底观测装置回收。
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