WO2018209838A1 - 一种近海底水合物探测系统 - Google Patents

一种近海底水合物探测系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018209838A1
WO2018209838A1 PCT/CN2017/099105 CN2017099105W WO2018209838A1 WO 2018209838 A1 WO2018209838 A1 WO 2018209838A1 CN 2017099105 W CN2017099105 W CN 2017099105W WO 2018209838 A1 WO2018209838 A1 WO 2018209838A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data acquisition
channel data
electronic cabin
detection system
offshore
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PCT/CN2017/099105
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘保华
裴彦良
于凯本
黄逸凡
陈自力
阚光明
连艳红
闫克平
景春雷
宗乐
Original Assignee
国家海洋局第一海洋研究所
国家深海基地管理中心
浙江大学
西安虹陆洋机电设备有限公司
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Application filed by 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所, 国家深海基地管理中心, 浙江大学, 西安虹陆洋机电设备有限公司 filed Critical 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所
Priority to JP2018530618A priority Critical patent/JP2019519750A/ja
Priority to EP17872892.9A priority patent/EP3432037B1/en
Priority to US16/060,133 priority patent/US11137507B2/en
Publication of WO2018209838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018209838A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
    • G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
    • G01V1/201—Constructional details of seismic cables, e.g. streamers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
    • G01V1/157—Generating seismic energy using spark discharges; using exploding wires
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
    • G01V1/3808—Seismic data acquisition, e.g. survey design
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
    • G01V1/3817—Positioning of seismic devices
    • G01V1/3835—Positioning of seismic devices measuring position, e.g. by GPS or acoustically
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
    • G01V1/3843—Deployment of seismic devices, e.g. of streamers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of marine exploration technology, in particular to an offshore high-precision hydrate detection system.
  • Natural gas hydrate resource exploration is usually based on prospecting geological theory, combined with geophysical and geochemical methods. Deep-drilling seismic exploration and in-situ in situ geochemical analysis are becoming the most effective means. The exploration of hydrate resources in China's major sea areas has gradually entered the stage of detailed investigation and trial mining. The resolution of conventional multi-channel seismic system is insufficient, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of fine-grained spatial distribution of ore bodies. The existing measurement equipment has poor precision and low efficiency. A weak anomaly indicating the ore body is not recognized. In addition, due to the attenuation of sound waves (especially high-frequency components) by seawater, the resolution and penetration depth of conventional seismic equipment for deep sea formations are reduced; and the Fresnel radius is large and the resolution is very low.
  • the present invention provides the following solutions:
  • An offshore bottom hydrate detection system comprising a shipboard portion and a deep drag portion;
  • the shipboard portion includes: an integrated monitoring host configured to issue a trigger acquisition pulse signal and transmit to the deep drag portion; and receive the near sea bottom information collected by the deep drag portion, and according to the near The seabed information determines the offshore conditions;
  • the deep dragging portion includes:
  • a data acquisition unit configured to collect near-sea bottom information at a current location according to the triggered acquisition pulse signal
  • the spark source is used to generate an electric spark vibration signal according to the trigger pulse signal to vibrate the seawater;
  • a multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin is respectively connected to the integrated monitoring host, the data acquisition unit and the spark source for transmitting the trigger acquisition pulse signal to the spark source and the data acquisition unit; and the data acquisition unit
  • the collected near sea bottom information is transmitted to the integrated monitoring host.
  • the spark source includes:
  • control module and the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin, configured to output a vibration control signal according to the triggering acquisition pulse signal
  • a discharge module connected to the control module, for discharging under the control of the vibration control signal to generate an electric spark vibration signal
  • An energy storage module is coupled to the discharge module for providing discharge energy to the discharge module.
  • the spark source further includes:
  • a charging module connected to the energy storage module for charging the energy storage module.
  • the data collection unit includes:
  • a digital receiving cable connected to the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin, for receiving reflection information of the submarine ground layer after the seawater is vibrated, and transmitting the information to the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin;
  • transponder connected to the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin for determining location information of the current offshore bottom and transmitting to the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin;
  • An attitude sensor is connected to the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin for detecting a current three-dimensional motion posture of the digital receiving cable, and sent to the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin;
  • a depth measuring device connected to the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin for measuring a depth of the digital receiving cable deep into the sea bottom and sent to the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin;
  • a height measuring device connected to the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin for measuring a linear length of the digital receiving cable and sent to the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin;
  • the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin is also used for data arrangement of reflection information, position information, depth and line length, and converted into an optical signal.
  • the deep dragging part further includes:
  • An optoelectronic composite connector disposed in the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin and digital receiving cable between.
  • the digital receiving cable includes:
  • a hydrophone array disposed equidistantly within the streamer body for receiving reflected waves of the subsea formation
  • a filter amplifier connected to the hydrophone array for filtering and amplifying the reflected wave
  • An A/D conversion module is respectively connected to the filter amplifier and the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin, and is configured to convert an analog signal of the reflected wave processed by the filter amplifier into a digital signal, and send the digital signal to the Multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin.
  • the hydrophone array is disposed at a pitch of 50 m.
  • the detecting system further includes a drag body, and the deep drag portion is fixed on the drag body;
  • the tow body comprises a main body frame, a shroud and a balance tail;
  • the first end of the main body frame is provided with the flow guide cover, the inside of the main body frame is provided with the spark source, and the rear end of the main body frame is provided with a balance tail;
  • the data acquisition unit is disposed inside the shroud.
  • the shipboard part further includes: a GPS navigation unit, an ultra-short baseline positioning unit, a storage unit, and a display array, wherein the GPS navigation unit, the ultra-short baseline positioning unit, the storage unit, and the display array respectively Monitor host connections.
  • the detecting system further includes:
  • the photoelectric composite tow cable is disposed between the integrated monitoring host and the data collection unit for information interaction.
  • the present invention discloses the following technical effects:
  • the near-sea bottom hydrate detection system of the invention can detect the near-submarine information at the offshore position and reduce the Fresnel radius at the target layer by setting the data acquisition unit, the spark source and the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin of the deep drag portion; Moreover, the near-sea environment noise is low, and the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved; and then the integrated monitoring host through the shipboard portion can be set to accurately determine the offshore conditions and improve the resolution of the detection of the hydrated mineral distribution.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the structure of an offshore hydrate detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a spark source of an offshore hydrate detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a diagram showing the assembled connection of the tow body and the deep drag portion.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an offshore hydrate detection system, which can detect near-submarine information and reduce the target at the offshore position by setting a data acquisition unit, a spark source and a multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin in the deep drag portion.
  • the Fresnel radius at the layer; and the near-sea environment noise is low, which can improve the signal-to-noise ratio; and then the integrated monitoring host through the shipboard part can accurately determine the offshore conditions and improve the resolution of the detection of hydrated mineral distribution. .
  • the offshore hydrate detection system of the present invention comprises a shipboard portion 1 and a deep drag portion 2; the shipboard portion 1 and the deep drag portion 2 are connected by a photoelectric composite tow cable 3 for information Interaction.
  • the shipboard part 1 includes an integrated monitoring host 11, a GPS navigation unit 12, an ultra-short baseline positioning unit 13, a storage unit 14, and a display array 15.
  • the GPS navigation unit 12, the ultra-short baseline positioning unit 13, the storage unit 14, and the display array 15 are respectively connected to the integrated monitoring host 11.
  • the monitoring host 11 is configured to issue a trigger acquisition pulse signal and transmit to the deep drag portion 2; and receive the near sea bottom information collected by the deep drag portion 3, and determine the near sea bottom condition according to the near sea bottom information. .
  • the deep dragging portion 2 includes a data collecting unit 21, an electric spark source 22, and a multi-channel data collecting electronic cabin 23, and the data collecting unit 21 collects near-sea bottom information at a current position according to the triggering acquisition pulse signal;
  • the source 22 generates an electric spark vibration signal according to the trigger acquisition pulse signal to vibrate the seawater;
  • the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin 23 is respectively connected with the integrated monitoring host 11, the data acquisition unit 21 and the spark source 22, and triggers the acquisition pulse.
  • the signal is transmitted to the spark source 22 and the data acquisition unit 21; and the near sea bottom information collected by the data acquisition unit 21 is transmitted to the integrated monitoring host 11.
  • the data acquisition unit 21 comprises a digital receiving cable, a transponder, an attitude sensor, a depth measuring device and a height measuring device, and the digital receiving cable, the transponder, the attitude sensor, the depth measuring device and the height measuring device respectively and the multi-channel
  • the data acquisition electronics compartment 23 is connected.
  • the digital receiving cable receives reflection information of the subsea formation and sends the information to the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin; the transponder determines current position information of the offshore bottom and sends to the a multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin; the attitude sensor detecting a current three-dimensional motion posture of the digital receiving cable and transmitting to the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin; the depth measuring device measuring the digital receiving cable deep into the sea bottom Depth, and sent to the multi-channel data acquisition electronics compartment; the height measurer measures a linear length of the digital receive cable and sends it to the multi-channel data acquisition electronics compartment; the multi-channel data acquisition electronics compartment also It is used to organize the reflection information, position information, depth and line length, and convert it into an optical signal.
  • the deep drag portion 2 further includes an opto-electric composite connector 212 disposed between the multi-channel data acquisition electronics compartment 23 and the digital receiving cable.
  • the transponder is a USBL transponder.
  • the main interface disposed on the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin 23 includes five 232 serial ports, one connected to the USBL transponder, one connected to the height measuring device, and one connection depth.
  • the measuring device has two internal reserved, one fiber-optic hybrid interface, and is connected to the electrical hub connection box 213 for power supply, control of the spark source 22, communication, and the like.
  • the optoelectronic composite connector 212 is connected to the digital receiving cable, and comprises two pairs of LVDS6 type twisted pair wires, two power lines, two ground lines, and two water bird lines, complete centralized power supply of the collecting unit, send commands, receive and collect data, data,
  • the transmission method of the command is long distance custom protocol LVDS.
  • the integrated monitoring host receives the multi-channel seismic data (ie, reflected wave information), the attitude data, the altitude data, and the depth data uploaded by the deep drag portion; and distributes the multi-channel seismic data to the storage unit 14 and the display array 15, respectively. Perform real-time data processing and display; distribute the attitude data to the position and posture inversion unit (not shown), calculate the carrier posture by solving the position and posture inversion unit, and simulate the running state of the three-dimensional direction of the streamer . That is to say, in addition to receiving valid data, the integrated monitoring host also receives the digital receiving cable depth, the linear length of the digital receiving cable, the digital receiving cable collecting unit spacing, and the offset of the digital receiving cable relative to the tug track.
  • the integrated monitoring host also receives the digital receiving cable depth, the linear length of the digital receiving cable, the digital receiving cable collecting unit spacing, and the offset of the digital receiving cable relative to the tug track.
  • the digital receiving cable includes a streamer body, a hydrophone array, a filter amplifier, and an A/D conversion module.
  • the hydrophone array is equally spaced within the streamer body for receiving reflected waves of the subsea formation; the filter amplifier is coupled to the hydrophone array for the reflection The wave is filtered and amplified; the A/D conversion module is respectively connected to the filter amplifier and the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin, and is configured to convert the analog signal of the reflected wave processed by the filter amplifier into a digital signal, and The digital signal is sent to the multi-channel data acquisition electronics compartment.
  • the hydrophone array is disposed at a pitch of 50 m, and is provided with three segments and a total length of 150 m.
  • the hydrophone array is 5/channel, and the AD conversion module is 32-bit.
  • the digital receiving cable further includes an array spacing monitoring module, an array depth control module, and a data transmission node module.
  • the array spacing monitoring module is configured to monitor an array spacing of the hydrophone arrays and send to the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin, so that the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin can be arranged according to the monitored hydrophone array
  • the array depth control module is configured to control the arrangement depth of the hydrophone array;
  • the data transmission node module includes a plurality of transmission nodes, and each transmission node corresponds to transmitting a set of data.
  • the digital receiving cable further includes a detecting module embedded in the streamer body to measure the attitude of the digital receiving cable, and in the subsequent seismic data processing, using the attitude information to collect The seismic data is corrected to improve the quality of the seismic profile data.
  • the spark source includes a control module, a discharge module, an energy storage module, and a charging module; the control module and the multi-channel data acquisition electronic cabin are configured to output a vibration control signal according to the triggering acquisition pulse signal;
  • the discharge module is connected to the control module for discharging under the control of the vibration control signal to generate an electric spark vibration signal;
  • the energy storage module is connected to the discharge module for providing discharge energy for the discharge module
  • the charging module is connected to the energy storage module for charging the energy storage module.
  • the spark source of the spark source is operated under high hydrostatic pressure conditions.
  • the energy of the spark source is 2000 joules.
  • the 2000 Joule spark source is high-precision data acquisition control, real-time high-speed transmission, monitoring and testing, with auxiliary peripheral intelligent support function, transmission communication function, software easy maintenance, function expansion and version upgrade.
  • the monitoring test includes system testing software, fault diagnosis software, and hydrophone full performance analysis software.
  • the control module includes a main control circuit board 220 and an IGBT thyristor 221, and the IGBT thyristor 221 is turned on after receiving the trigger acquisition pulse signal, and the main control circuit board 220 starts to work.
  • the discharge module includes a switch trigger 222, a discharge switch 223 and a discharge electrode 224. Under the control of the main control circuit board 220, the switch trigger 222 is triggered, the discharge switch 223 is closed, and the discharge electrode 224 is closed. Start discharging.
  • the charging module includes a transformer 226, an AD/DC converter 227, a resonant circuit 228, and a filter capacitor 229.
  • the external power supply provides an AC voltage through a transformer 226, and the AC voltage is AC-DC converted by the AD/DC converter 227 to obtain a DC.
  • the voltage further cancels the interference signal through the resonant circuit 228 and the filter capacitor 229, thereby inputting a DC voltage to the energy storage module for charging.
  • the energy storage module can be a storage capacitor 225.
  • the offshore hydrate detection system of the present invention further comprises a tow body, the tow body is solid The deep drag portion is fixed.
  • the tow body includes a main body frame 41, a flow guide cover 42 and a balance tail 43; the first end of the main body frame 41 is provided with the flow guide cover 42, and the inside of the main body frame is provided with the electric spark
  • the source 22 is provided with a balance tail 43 on both sides of the tail of the main body frame 42; the inside of the baffle 42 is provided with the data acquisition unit 21, specifically a depth measurer and a height measurer 211;
  • a USBL transponder is fixedly disposed thereon; a tail portion of the main body frame is provided with a wiring port of the data collecting unit 23.
  • the material of the main body frame 41 is a combination of a stainless steel plate and a bar material, and has good machining process performance on the basis of ensuring sufficient rigidity and corrosion resistance.
  • the towed body structure is designed to be semi-open, and the towing body is vertically permeable, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the laying and recycling process.
  • the invention provides a design auxiliary support frame on the basis of the main body frame, and is fixed on the main body frame for auxiliary support of the equipment carried by the tow body, and provides various possibilities for towing transportation, equipment loading and the like.
  • the deep dragging body positioning system is based on an ultra-short baseline, height measuring device and depth measuring device. The device is fixed on the main body frame of the tow body, and the related weak electric signal is transmitted to the data processing unit on the tow body, and finally transmitted to the shipboard part.
  • the system uses the combination of ship-based GPS, ship-based electronic compass, sonar secondary positioning, towline node attitude detection and depth sensor to achieve the accuracy of the streamer depth and running attitude. Positioning.
  • the near sea bottom detection system of the present invention is closer to the target layer, which can reduce the Fresnel radius at the target layer and greatly improve the resolution of the seabed formation detection, especially the horizontal direction.
  • the resolution, and the near-sea environment noise is low, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the hydrate ore body distribution can be more accurately described.

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Abstract

一种近海底水合物探测系统，包括船载部分(1)和深拖部分(2)；所述船载部分(1)包括：综合监控主机(11)，综合监控主机(11)发出触发采集脉冲信号，并传输至深拖部分(2)；以及接收深拖部分(2)采集的近海底信息，并根据近海底信息确定所述近海底情况；所述深拖部分(2)包括：数据采集单元(21)，根据触发采集脉冲信号，采集当前位置处的近海底信息；电火花震源(22)，根据触发采集脉冲信号产生电火花震动信号；多通道数据采集电子舱(23)，分别与综合监控主机(11)、数据采集单元(21)及电火花震源(22)连接，将触发采集脉冲信号传输至电火花震源(22)及数据采集单元(21)；以及将数据采集单元(21)采集的近海底信息传输至综合监控主机(11)。该近海底水合物探测系统可降低菲涅耳半径，提高探测的分辨率。

Description

一种近海底水合物探测系统
本申请要求于2017年05月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710352722.7、发明名称为“一种近海底水合物探测系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及海洋勘探技术领域，特别是涉及一种近海底高精度水合物探测系统。
背景技术
天然气水合物资源勘查通常基于找矿地质理论，综合采用地球物理与地球化学相结合的手段，深拖地震勘探和近海底原位地化分析正成为最有效的手段。而中国主要海域的水合物资源勘查逐步进入详查和试开采阶段，常规多道地震系统分辨率不足、难以满足精细刻画矿体空间分布的要求，现有化地测量设备精度差、效率低、无法辨识指示矿体的弱异常。此外，由于海水对声波(特别是高频成分)的衰减，常规地震设备对深海地层的探测分辨率和穿透深度降低；并且菲涅耳半径较大、分辨率很低。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种近海底水合物探测系统，可降低菲涅耳半径，提高探测的分辨率。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：
一种近海底水合物探测系统，所述探测系统包括船载部分和深拖部分；其中，
所述船载部分包括：综合监控主机，所述监控主机用于发出触发采集脉冲信号，并传输至所述深拖部分；以及接收所述深拖部分采集的近海底信息，并根据所述近海底信息确定所述近海底情况；
所述深拖部分包括：
数据采集单元，用于根据触发采集脉冲信号，采集当前位置处的近海底信息；
电火花震源，用于根据触发采集脉冲信号产生电火花震动信号，以震动海水；
多通道数据采集电子舱，分别与所述综合监控主机、数据采集单元及电火花震源连接，用于将触发采集脉冲信号传输至所述电火花震源及数据采集单元；以及将所述数据采集单元采集的近海底信息传输至所述综合监控主机。
可选的，所述电火花震源包括：
控制模块，与所述多通道数据采集电子舱，用于根据所述触发采集脉冲信号输出震动控制信号；
放电模块，与所述控制模块连接，用于在所述震动控制信号的控制下放电，产生电火花震动信号；
储能模块，与所述放电模块连接，用于为放电模块提供放电能量。
可选的，所述电火花震源还包括：
充电模块，与所述储能模块连接，用于对所述储能模块充电。
可选的，所述数据采集单元包括：
数字接收缆，与所述多通道数据采集电子舱连接，用于在海水受到震动后，接收所述近海底地层的反射信息，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；
应答器，与所述多通道数据采集电子舱连接，用于确定当前近海底的位置信息，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；
姿态传感器，与所述多通道数据采集电子舱连接，用于检测所述数字接收缆当前的三维运动姿态，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；
深度测量器，与所述多通道数据采集电子舱连接，用于测量所述数字接收缆深入近海底的深度，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；
高度测量器，与所述多通道数据采集电子舱连接，用于测量所述数字接收缆的直线长度，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；
所述多通道数据采集电子舱还用于对反射信息、位置信息、深度及直线长度进行数据编排整理，并转换为光信号。
可选的，所述深拖部分还包括：
光电复合连接器，设置在所述多通道数据采集电子舱与数字接收缆之 间。
可选的，所述数字接收缆包括：
拖缆本体；
水听器阵列，等间距设置在所述拖缆本体内，用于接收所述近海底地层的反射波；
滤波放大器，与所述水听器阵列连接，用于对所述反射波进行滤波、放大处理；
A/D转换模块，分别与所述滤波放大器及多通道数据采集电子舱连接，用于将所述滤波放大器处理后的反射波的模拟信号转换为数字信号，并将所述数字信号发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱。
可选的，所述水听器阵列的设置间距为50m。
可选的，所述探测系统还包括拖体，所述拖体上固定有所述深拖部分；
其中，所述拖体包括主体框架、导流罩及平衡尾翼；
所述主体框架的首端设有所述导流罩，所述主体框架的内部设置有所述电火花震源，所述主体框架的尾部两侧设置有平衡尾翼；
所述导流罩的内部设置有所述数据采集单元。
可选的，所述船载部分还包括：GPS导航单元、超短基线定位单元、存储单元及显示阵列，所述GPS导航单元、超短基线定位单元、存储单元及显示阵列分别与所述综合监控主机连接。
可选的，所述探测系统还包括：
光电复合拖曳缆，设置在所述综合监控主机及数据采集单元之间，用于进行信息的交互。
根据本发明提供的具体实施例，本发明公开了以下技术效果：
本发明近海底水合物探测系统通过设置深拖部分的数据采集单元、电火花震源及多通道数据采集电子舱，可在近海底位置处探测近海底信息，减小目标层处菲涅尔半径；而且近海底环境噪声低，可提高信噪比；进而设置通过船载部分的综合监控主机，可准确确定近海底情况，提高对水合矿物分布的探测的分辨率。
说明书附图
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：
图1为本发明实施例近海底水合物探测系统的模块结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例近海底水合物探测系统的电火花震源的结构图；
图3为拖体与深拖部分组装连接图。
符号说明：
1—船载部分，11—综合监控主机，12—GPS导航单元，13—超短基线定位单元，14—存储单元，15—显示阵列，2—深拖部分，21—数据采集单元，210—应答器，211—深度测量器及高度测量器，212—光电复合连接器，213—电气枢纽接驳盒，22—电火花震源，220—主控电路板，221—IGBT晶闸管，222—开关触发器，223—放电开关，224—放电电极，225—储能电容，226—变压器，227—AD/DC转换器，228—谐振电路，229—滤波电容，23—多通道数据采集电子舱，3—光电复合拖曳缆，41—主体框架，42—导流罩，43—平衡尾翼。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中技术方案进行详细的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例；基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种近海底水合物探测系统，通过设置深拖部分的数据采集单元、电火花震源及多通道数据采集电子舱，可在近海底位置处探测近海底信息，减小目标层处菲涅尔半径；而且近海底环境噪声低，可提高信噪比；进而设置通过船载部分的综合监控主机，可准确确定近海底情况，提高对水合矿物分布的探测的分辨率。。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1所示，本发明近海底水合物探测系统包括船载部分1和深拖部分2；所述船载部分1和深拖部分2之间通过光电复合拖曳缆3连接，以进行信息的交互。
其中，所述船载部分1包括综合监控主机11、GPS导航单元12、超短基线定位单元13、存储单元14及显示阵列15。所述GPS导航单元12、超短基线定位单元13、存储单元14及显示阵列15分别与所述综合监控主机11连接。所述监控主机11用于发出触发采集脉冲信号，并传输至所述深拖部分2；以及接收所述深拖部分3采集的近海底信息，并根据所述近海底信息确定所述近海底情况。
所述深拖部分2包括数据采集单元21、电火花震源22及多通道数据采集电子舱23，所述数据采集单元21根据触发采集脉冲信号，采集当前位置处的近海底信息；所述电火花震源22根据触发采集脉冲信号产生电火花震动信号，以震动海水；所述多通道数据采集电子舱23分别与所述综合监控主机11、数据采集单元21及电火花震源22连接，将触发采集脉冲信号传输至所述电火花震源22及数据采集单元21；以及将所述数据采集单元21采集的近海底信息传输至所述综合监控主机11。
其中，所述数据采集单元21包括数字接收缆、应答器、姿态传感器、深度测量器及高度测量器，所述数字接收缆、应答器、姿态传感器、深度测量器及高度测量器分别与多通道数据采集电子舱23连接。在海水受到震动后，所述数字接收缆接收所述近海底地层的反射信息，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；所述应答器确定当前近海底的位置信息，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；所述姿态传感器检测所述数字接收缆当前的三维运动姿态，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；所述深度测量器测量所述数字接收缆深入近海底的深度，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；所述高度测量器测量所述数字接收缆的直线长度，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；所述多通道数据采集电子舱还用于对反射信息、位置信息、深度及直线长度进行数据编排整理，并转换为光信号。进一步地，所述深拖部分2还包括光电复合连接器212，设置在所述多通道数据采集电子舱23与数字接收缆之间。在本实施例中，所述应答器为USBL应答器。
具体地，所述多通道数据采集电子舱23上设置的主要接口包括5个232串口，一个连接USBL应答器，一个连接高度测量器，一个连接深度 测量器，内部预留2个，一个光纤混合接口，连接电气枢纽接驳盒213，用于供电、控制电火花震源22、通讯等。光电复合连接器212与数字接收缆连接，包括两对LVDS6类双绞线、两根电源线、两根地线、两根水鸟线，完成采集单元集中供电、发送命令、接收采集数据，数据、命令的传输方式为长距离自定义协议LVDS。
所述综合监控主机接收深拖部分上传的多道地震数据(即反射波信息)、姿态数据、高度数据及深度数据；并将多道地震数据分发至存储单元14和显示阵列15，两者分别进行数据实时处理与显示；将姿态数据分发给位置姿态反演单元(图中未示出)，通过所述位置姿态反演单元解算求得载体姿态，进而模拟绘制拖缆三维方向的运行状态。也就是说综合监控主机除了接收采集有效数据外，还同时接收数字接收缆深度、数字接收缆直线长度、数字接收缆采集单元间距以及数字接收缆相对于拖船航迹的偏移程度等。
具体的，所述数字接收缆包括拖缆本体、水听器阵列、滤波放大器、A/D转换模块。其中，所述水听器阵列等间距设置在所述拖缆本体内，用于接收所述近海底地层的反射波；所述滤波放大器与所述水听器阵列连接，用于对所述反射波进行滤波、放大处理；所述A/D转换模块分别与所述滤波放大器及多通道数据采集电子舱连接，用于将所述滤波放大器处理后的反射波的模拟信号转换为数字信号，并将所述数字信号发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱。优选的，所述水听器阵列的设置间距为50m，共设置有三段，全长150m。其中，所述水听器阵列为5个/道，AD转换模块为32位。
此外，所述数字接收缆还包括阵间距监测模块、阵列深度控制模块及数据传输节点模块。所述阵间距监测模块用于监测所述水听器阵列的阵列间距，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱，使得所述多通道数据采集电子舱可根据监测的水听器阵列排布情况；所述阵列深度控制模块用于控制水听器阵列的排布深度；所述数据传输节点模块包括多个传输节点，每个传输节点对应传输一组数据。
在实际海洋环境中，存在着各种干扰，拖缆本体常常由于自身浮力、 海面波浪、海流等原因而偏离预期的深度和水平位置，这种偏移使得海底高分辨率地震勘探系统采集的数据质量降低。而在深度2000m左右的近海附近工作，海面波浪对拖缆的影响较小，但是拖缆自身负浮力和横向海流对拖缆姿态的影响比较严重。为了提高探测的分辨率，所述数字接收缆还包括检测模块，嵌入到在所述拖缆本体中，对数字接收缆的姿态进行测量，并在后续地震数据处理中，利用该姿态信息对采集的地震数据进行校正，从而提高地震剖面数据的质量。
进一步地，所述电火花震源包括控制模块、放电模块、储能模块及充电模块；所述控制模块与所述多通道数据采集电子舱，用于根据所述触发采集脉冲信号输出震动控制信号；所述放电模块与所述控制模块连接，用于在所述震动控制信号的控制下放电，产生电火花震动信号；所述储能模块与所述放电模块连接，用于为放电模块提供放电能量；所述充电模块与所述储能模块连接，用于对所述储能模块充电。
所述电火花震源在高水静压条件下工作的电火花震源。在本实施例中，电火花震源的能量为2000焦耳。具体的，2000焦耳电火花震源为高精度数据采集控制、实时高速传输、监控测试，具有辅助外设智能支持功能、传输通讯功能、软件易于维护、功能扩充和版本升级。其中，所述监控测试包括系统测试软件、故障诊断软件、水听器全性能分析软件等。
如图2所示，所述控制模块包括主控电路板220及IGBT晶闸管221，所述IGBT晶闸管221接收到触发采集脉冲信号后导通，所述主控电路板220开始工作。所述放电模块包括开关触发器222、放电开关223及放电电极224，在所述主控电路板220的控制下，所述开关触发器222触发，所述放电开关223闭合，所述放电电极224开始放电。所述充电模块包括变压器226、AD/DC转换器227、谐振电路228及滤波电容229，外接电源通过变压器226提供交流电压，所述交流电压通过AD/DC转换器227进行交直流变换，得到直流电压，进一步地通过谐振电路228及滤波电容229消除干扰信号，从而将直流电压输入至所述储能模块进行充电。在本实施例中，所述储能模块可为储能电容225。
优选方案，本发明近海底水合物探测系统还包括拖体，所述拖体上固 定有所述深拖部分。具体地，所述拖体包括主体框架41、导流罩42及平衡尾翼43；所述主体框架41的首端设有所述导流罩42，所述主体框架的内部设置有所述电火花震源22，所述主体框架42的尾部两侧设置有平衡尾翼43；所述导流罩42的内部设置有所述数据采集单元21，具体为深度测量器及高度测量器211；所述主体框架上固定设置有USBL应答器；所述主体框架的尾部设置有数据采集单元23的接线口。其中，所述主体框架41材料采用不锈钢板材与棒料结合的形式，在保证足够刚度、耐腐蚀性的基础上，具备良好的机加工工艺性能。
所述拖体结构设计为半开式，拖体上下通透，利于提高其布放与回收过程的稳定性。
进一步地，本发明在主体框架基础上进行设计辅助支撑架，固定在主体框架上，用于对拖体所搭载的设备进行辅助支撑，为拖曳运输、设备搭载等提供多种可能。深拖拖体定位系统基于超短基线、高度测量器和深度测量器，设备固定于拖体的主体框架上，相关弱电信号传给拖体上的数据处理单元，最后统一传递给船载部分。
实际工作时，本系统对拖缆本体的位置采用船基GPS、船基电子罗盘、声纳二次定位、拖缆节点姿态检测以及配合深度传感器等组合方式共同完成拖缆深度及运行姿态的精确定位。
本发明近海底水合物探测系统相对于传统海面拖曳式地震探测系统，近海底探测系统更靠近目标层，可减小目标层处菲涅尔半径，大幅提高海底地层探测的分辨率，特别是横向分辨率，而且近海底环境噪声低，提高了信噪比，能够更有效的精细刻画水合物矿体分布。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种变化。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种近海底水合物探测系统，其特征在于，所述探测系统包括船载部分和深拖部分；其中，
    所述船载部分包括：综合监控主机，所述监控主机用于发出触发采集脉冲信号，并传输至所述深拖部分；以及接收所述深拖部分采集的近海底信息，并根据所述近海底信息确定所述近海底情况；
    所述深拖部分包括：
    数据采集单元，用于根据触发采集脉冲信号，采集当前位置处的近海底信息；
    电火花震源，用于根据触发采集脉冲信号产生电火花震动信号，以震动海水；
    多通道数据采集电子舱，分别与所述综合监控主机、数据采集单元及电火花震源连接，用于将触发采集脉冲信号传输至所述电火花震源及数据采集单元；以及将所述数据采集单元采集的近海底信息传输至所述综合监控主机。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的近海底水合物探测系统，其特征在于，所述电火花震源包括：
    控制模块，与所述多通道数据采集电子舱，用于根据所述触发采集脉冲信号输出震动控制信号；
    放电模块，与所述控制模块连接，用于在所述震动控制信号的控制下放电，产生电火花震动信号；
    储能模块，与所述放电模块连接，用于为放电模块提供放电能量。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的近海底水合物探测系统，其特征在于，所述电火花震源还包括：
    充电模块，与所述储能模块连接，用于对所述储能模块充电。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的近海底水合物探测系统，其特征在于，所述数据采集单元包括：
    数字接收缆，与所述多通道数据采集电子舱连接，用于在海水受到震动后，接收所述近海底地层的反射信息，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；
    应答器，与所述多通道数据采集电子舱连接，用于确定当前近海底的 位置信息，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；
    姿态传感器，与所述多通道数据采集电子舱连接，用于检测所述数字接收缆当前的三维运动姿态，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；
    深度测量器，与所述多通道数据采集电子舱连接，用于测量所述数字接收缆深入近海底的深度，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；
    高度测量器，与所述多通道数据采集电子舱连接，用于测量所述数字接收缆的直线长度，并发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱；
    所述多通道数据采集电子舱还用于对反射信息、位置信息、深度及直线长度进行数据编排整理，并转换为光信号。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的近海底水合物探测系统，其特征在于，所述深拖部分还包括：
    光电复合连接器，设置在所述多通道数据采集电子舱与数字接收缆之间。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的近海底水合物探测系统，其特征在于，所述数字接收缆包括：
    拖缆本体；
    水听器阵列，等间距设置在所述拖缆本体内，用于接收所述近海底地层的反射波；
    滤波放大器，与所述水听器阵列连接，用于对所述反射波进行滤波、放大处理；
    A/D转换模块，分别与所述滤波放大器及多通道数据采集电子舱连接，用于将所述滤波放大器处理后的反射波的模拟信号转换为数字信号，并将所述数字信号发送至所述多通道数据采集电子舱。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的近海底水合物探测系统，其特征在于，所述水听器阵列的设置间距为50m。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的近海底水合物探测系统，其特征在于，所述探测系统还包括拖体，所述拖体上固定有所述深拖部分；
    其中，所述拖体包括主体框架、导流罩及平衡尾翼；
    所述主体框架的首端设有所述导流罩，所述主体框架的内部设置有所述电火花震源，所述主体框架的尾部两侧设置有平衡尾翼；
    所述导流罩的内部设置有所述数据采集单元。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的近海底水合物探测系统，其特征在于，所述船载部分还包括：GPS导航单元、超短基线定位单元、存储单元及显示阵列，所述GPS导航单元、超短基线定位单元、存储单元及显示阵列分别与所述综合监控主机连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的近海底水合物探测系统，其特征在于，所述探测系统还包括：
    光电复合拖曳缆，设置在所述综合监控主机及数据采集单元之间，用于进行信息的交互。
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