WO2019233387A1 - 一种用于建造房屋的条材和板材 - Google Patents

一种用于建造房屋的条材和板材 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019233387A1
WO2019233387A1 PCT/CN2019/089872 CN2019089872W WO2019233387A1 WO 2019233387 A1 WO2019233387 A1 WO 2019233387A1 CN 2019089872 W CN2019089872 W CN 2019089872W WO 2019233387 A1 WO2019233387 A1 WO 2019233387A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
strip
parts
cement
wood
board
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PCT/CN2019/089872
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈艺通
陈致平
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广州市轻能建材有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201810554600.0A external-priority patent/CN108658527A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810554939.0A external-priority patent/CN108468398A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811577084.XA external-priority patent/CN109457841A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201920049398.6U external-priority patent/CN209975853U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910175306.3A external-priority patent/CN111662032A/zh
Application filed by 广州市轻能建材有限公司 filed Critical 广州市轻能建材有限公司
Publication of WO2019233387A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019233387A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of building materials, and in particular, to a strip and a board for building a house.
  • the present invention provides a bar and a board for building a house, which makes it simple and fast to build a single-storey, low-rise house, and reduces the construction cost.
  • a strip for building a house The outer layer of the strip is porcelain wood and the inner core is foamed cement.
  • the length of the strip is 0.4-12 meters and the weight is 5-150 kg.
  • the cross section of the strip is one of convex, concave, square, pentagon, hexagon, and circle.
  • a reinforcing bar, a steel wire, an iron wire or a mesh material is further added to the outer layer of the strip to strengthen the strength of the strip.
  • the outer surface of the strip is decorated with textures and effects such as wood grain, stone, brick, porcelain piece or linen.
  • one or both ends of the strip are further provided with an upper notch and a lower notch.
  • one or both ends of the strip are further provided with through holes, and a portion provided with the through holes is a solid structure.
  • the end of the strip is a solid structure.
  • a groove is provided on the upper surface of the strip, and an adhesive is injected into the groove to bond the upper and lower strips together.
  • the upper surface of the end of one or both ends of the strip is flat, there is no raised portion, and the length of the portion without the protrusion is the same as the width of the strip.
  • the porcelain wood is made of raw materials including the following parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 0.1 to 20 parts of cement modifier, 5 to 20 parts of wood chips, and 0 to 150 parts of sand.
  • a board for building a house The outer layer of the board is porcelain wood and the inner core is foamed cement.
  • the board has a length of 0.8 to 3 meters, a width of 0.5 to 1.0 meters, and a thickness of 5 to 25 cm.
  • one side of the plate is convex, and the other side is a corresponding concave shape.
  • reinforcing steel, steel wire, iron wire or grid material is added to the outer layer of the board to strengthen the strength of the bar.
  • the outer surface of the board is decorated with textures and effects such as wood grain, stone, brick, porcelain piece or linen.
  • the porcelain wood is made of raw materials including the following parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 0.1-20 parts of cement modifier, 5-20 parts of wood chips, and 0-150 parts of sand.
  • the cement modifier is obtained by mixing raw materials with the following weight ratios:
  • the solid content of the silica sol is 30-50%, and the solid content of the water reducing agent is 30-50%.
  • the cement modifier is further added by mixing one or more of the following raw materials (weight ratio):
  • the outer material of the strip is a mixture of porcelain cement and wood scraps, and the inner core is foamed cement, it has light weight, high strength, fire resistance, waterproof, sound insulation, heat insulation, heat preservation, waste, environmental protection, and durability. ,
  • the advantages of low cost When using it to build a house, one or two construction workers can easily lift it up, and they can be stacked one by one to form a wall like natural wood strips. It is very simple, convenient, fast, and saves costs. But it is much lower than natural wood strips, and its durability and weather resistance are much better than natural wood strips.
  • the surface of the strip can be pre-decorated with various effects such as wood, stone, brick, porcelain, linen, etc., the house covered with it is very beautiful without further decoration.
  • the length of the strip is usually as long as the length of the wall, when a wall is built, stacking a strip is one layer, which is several times or even dozens of times faster than using bricks to build a wall one by one. And the thermal bridge effect is extremely low, the thermal insulation performance is several times better than the brick wall.
  • Walls made of stacked convex and concave strips can slide relative to each other during a strong earthquake to resolve the energy of the seismic wave.
  • the intersecting strips at the corners of the wall can ensure the overall stability of the house.
  • the house constructed using the bar of the present invention has excellent seismic performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a strip of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the strip of the embodiment of FIG. 1 along a middle cross-section;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a strip of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a strip of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the strip of the present invention from a perspective
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the fourth embodiment of the strip of the present invention from another perspective
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a fifth embodiment of a strip of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the strip of the embodiment of FIG. 7 along the middle longitudinal direction;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a sixth embodiment of a strip of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a state of use of the strip in the embodiment of FIG. 5 after the wall is stacked;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of the use state of the strip of the embodiment of FIG. 7 after the wall is stacked;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a house constructed using the strip of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of a seventh embodiment of a strip of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the strip of the embodiment of FIG. 13 along the middle longitudinal direction;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view of the use state of the strip of the embodiment of FIG. 13 after the wall is stacked.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a plate of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 16 along a middle cross section.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a plate of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic perspective view of a wall of a house constructed using the board of the present invention.
  • the strip 1 used for building the house is convex and concave
  • the outer layer is porcelain wood 2
  • the inner core is foamed cement 3.
  • glass fiber mesh 4 and reinforcing bars 5 are generally added to the outer layer of the strip (the number of reinforcing bars is usually 1 to 10).
  • the outer surface of the strip 1 is usually made with various appearance effects such as wood grain, stone, brick, porcelain piece, linen and the like.
  • the length of the strip 1 is usually 0.4 to 12 meters, and the weight is usually 5 to 150 kg. Because the bars are convex and concave, when multiple bars are stacked to build a house wall, the protrusions on the lower bar are just fitted into the grooves under the upper bar, so that the wall can be ensured. It is stable and reliable, and can prevent rainwater from entering the house.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the strip of the present invention is square, the outer layer is porcelain wood 2, and the inner core is foamed cement 3.
  • reinforcing steel 5 steel wire or iron wire, or grid reinforcement materials such as grid cloth, fiberglass net, and barbed wire are also added to the outer porcelain wood 2.
  • This cross-sectional shape is a square, and a bar with reinforced steel 5 is added to the porcelain and wood 2. It is usually used in overhead load locations such as doors and windows when building a house.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the strip of the present invention is hexagonal, the outer layer is porcelain wood 2, and the inner core is foamed cement 3.
  • steel bars, steel wires or iron wires are also added to strengthen the strength of the bar.
  • This cross-sectional shape is a hexagonal bar with porcelain bars 2 added with steel bars 5 and is suitable for use as the main beam and concrete beam of a house.
  • the appearance shape of the strip 1 of the present invention is convex upward and concave downward.
  • the end of the strip In order to perfectly fit and lock the corners of the wall when the house wall is staggered and stacked, the end of the strip, above The convex position is also provided with an upper notch 1A, and a corresponding lower notch 1B is provided below.
  • the lower notch 1B can be set to the left or right of the groove of the strip, or both sides can be notched according to actual needs.
  • the outer layer of the strip 1 of the present invention is porcelain wood 2 and the inner core is foamed cement 3.
  • the end portion is also provided with a through hole 1C, and is provided with upper and lower notches and a through hole 1C.
  • the solid part is a solid structure; in order to reasonably withstand the gravity, it is usually also made a solid structure at its end or middle, or it is also made of a solid structure at its end and middle.
  • the interior of the solid structure is filled with solid cement or concrete blocks.
  • staggered strips can form a through hole that penetrates the ground at the corner of the wall. Inserting wooden bars or steel pipes into the through hole or pouring reinforced concrete after inserting steel bars can greatly Enhance the rigidity of the wall.
  • a groove 1D is provided on the upper surface of the strip 1 of the present invention at a certain distance, usually 5 to 20 cm, and the width or depth of the groove 1D is usually 1 to 5 mm.
  • an adhesive can be injected through the groove 1D to bond the adjacent bars on the upper and lower layers. This can not only improve the rigidity of the wall, but also prevent water seepage, Air leakage is also conducive to wall insulation.
  • the strip 1 of the present invention when used for building a house, as long as the strips 1 are stacked one by one, a wall can be formed. Where the two walls meet, the strips 1 are usually staggered on top of each other. The entire process of building a house is similar to using natural wood to build a house.
  • the strip 1 of the present invention when used for building a house, as long as the strips 1 are stacked one by one, a wall can be formed. At the intersection of the two walls, the strips 1 are staggered on top of each other, and the through-holes 1C on the strips 1 run through from top to bottom, and a steel pipe 6 or a wooden strip is inserted into the through-hole, or the steel bar Pouring concrete can greatly enhance the firmness of the entire house wall.
  • the strip 1 of the present invention when used for building a house, as long as the strips 1 are stacked one by one, a wall can be formed. Where the two walls intersect, the strips 1 are usually stacked on top of each other.
  • the strips above the door and window locations are usually square bars with reinforcing steel, such as the strips described in the embodiment of FIG. 3.
  • the main beams 7 and girders of the house are usually made of pentagonal or hexagonal bars with reinforced steel, such as the bars described in the embodiment of FIG. 4.
  • the appearance shape of the strip 1 of the present invention is convex upward and concave downward.
  • the corners of the wall can be stacked on each other, and the upper surface of one or both ends of the strip 1E is usually arranged flat, that is, there is no raised portion at the end of at least one end of the strip, and the length of the non-protruded portion is the same as the width of the strip.
  • the strip 1 of the present invention when used for building a house, as long as the strips 1 are stacked one by one, a wall can be made. Where the two walls meet, the strips 1 are usually staggered on top of each other. The entire process of building a house is similar to using natural wood to build a house.
  • the strips of the present invention include: wall strips, which are used to construct wall bodies; beam strips, which are used as beams; pillar strips, which are used as pillars; floor slabs, which are used to construct floor slabs Series of strip-shaped building materials.
  • the appearance effect of the strip according to the present invention is usually made different on both sides, for example, one end facing the strip, the left side has the appearance of wood grain, and the right side has the appearance of a porcelain sheet.
  • the strips are laminated to form a wall, they are from the outside. Look, the house looks like it was made of natural wood strips; inside the house, the walls look like tiles. The walls of the house made in this way are beautiful without the need for whitewashing, which saves construction costs and is environmentally friendly and durable.
  • the present invention also provides a board 10 for building a house. 16 and 17, one side of the plate 10 is convex, and the other side is a corresponding concave shape. When the two plates 10 are spliced, the raised portion of one plate 10 can fit into the groove of the other plate 10.
  • the outer layer of the board 10 is porcelain wood 2 and the inner core is foamed cement 3.
  • a glass fiber net 4 is also added to the outer porcelain wood 2.
  • the outer surface of the board 10 is generally made of various appearance effects such as wood grain, stone, brick, porcelain piece, linen, and the like.
  • the size of a plate 10 is usually 0.8 to 3 meters in length, 0.5 to 1.0 meters in width, and 5 to 25 cm in thickness.
  • the outer layer of the board 10 is porcelain wood 2 and the inner core is foamed cement 3.
  • steel bars 5 are also added to the porcelain wood 2 of the outer layer.
  • Such a lightweight wall panel with reinforced steel 5 is generally used as a structural unit with high requirements on the strength of the roof and floor panels of a house.
  • the board 10 of the present invention replaces the magnesium-based plant debris mixture by using a cement-based plant debris mixture, thereby overcoming the presence of magnesium-based materials, such as halogen return, corrosive metals, deformation, softening, easy aging, non-durability, and environmental protection.
  • ⁇ Can not be used for external walls, but also solves the problem of the existence of silica-calcium board sandwiched wall boards, which are easy to bulge, fall off, deform, soften, not durable, can not be directly nailed and screwed, and cannot be used for external walls. Heavy, not environmentally friendly.
  • the wall After a plurality of boards 10 are spliced into a whole wall, the wall has the advantages of fire resistance, water resistance, aging resistance, light weight, heat insulation, and non-deformation of water bubbles. It can be used for both internal walls and external walls. It can be directly nailed or screwed on the wall to hang heavy objects, such as installing air conditioners, televisions, and sundries racks. The functions and functions are much better than the existing magnesium substrates and silicon calcium plates. As the surface of the lightweight wallboard can be pre-decorated with various effects such as wood, stone, brick, porcelain, linen, etc., the walls built with it are neat and beautiful without further painting.
  • the porcelain wood 2 is made of raw materials including the following parts by mass: 100 parts of cement, 0.1-20 parts of cement modifier, 5-20 parts of wood chips, and 0-150 parts of sand.
  • the manufacturing method of the porcelain wood 2 is as follows: after mixing the above raw materials, adding 25 to 75 parts of water, stirring and preparing a slurry, and then injecting the slurry into a mold, and placing a foaming cement 3 (inner core) in the mold, and slurry The material completely covers the foamed cement 3, and the porcelain wood 2 (outer layer) is formed after the slurry is hardened.
  • the wood chips are plant chips, including chips of plant materials such as wood, bark, grass, and straw.
  • the cement modifier is mainly composed of raw materials with the following weight ratios:
  • the solid content of the silica sol is 30-50%, and the solid content of the water reducing agent is 30-50%.
  • the cement modifier is added by mixing one or more of the following raw materials (weight ratio):
  • the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent
  • the defoaming agent is a mineral oil defoaming agent, of course, a silicone-based defoaming agent or a synthetic defoaming agent such as a polyether defoaming agent
  • the coupling agent is a titanate coupling agent
  • the coloring agent is a metal oxide pigment, such as an iron oxide pigment.
  • the cement modifier of the present invention can not only well mix cement with plant debris, but also can make the cement have the texture of ceramics and the texture of stone. Therefore, it can also be referred to as cement porcelain modifier, referred to as water porcelain glue. Although its formula is extremely simple and raw materials are easy to obtain, it has unexpected effects, completely solving the problem of cement plus plant debris that many people have dreamed of solving for decades and lifelong research. Its beneficial effects are:
  • the cement modifier of the present invention is added to the cement slurry. After hardening, the organic acids, sugars, oils and fats in the plant debris are no longer afraid of damage, and its strength and performance will not be damaged by the acidity of the plant debris and powder. To make the cement have excellent acid resistance to plant debris, so it can be well combined with plant debris, which completely solves the problem that the strength of cement and plant debris will be reduced after mixing, and it will be pulverized over time. Problems, and the strength of the manufactured cement products will not only be unfavorably affected, but will have growth. With time, its strength will increase year by year.
  • the manufactured cement plant chip products such as cement plant chip board have light weight, environmental protection, waste, high strength, low brittleness, good weather resistance, more fireproof, moistureproof, waterproof, windproof, sun, rain, sound insulation, Flame retardant, antiseptic and antibacterial, good machining performance (can be sawed, drilled, nailed, planed, punched, slotted, etc.), not softened, not easily deformed, can be used like wood boards, easy to decorate
  • the advantage is that there is no free formaldehyde release during use. Its comprehensive performance and function are the most optimal among the various existing slab villages. Applications.
  • cement modifier of the present invention can increase the bright and bright effect of cement products, make the cement products more beautiful, beautiful and durable, and also have waterproof, mildew, acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, It has the advantages of sun protection, non-toxic, odorless, non-irritating, aging resistance, low cost, and easy to obtain raw materials for manufacturing. Therefore, the cement modifier of the present invention can also be called a cement brightener, which is used to increase the bright effect of cement products.

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Abstract

一种用于建造房屋的条材和板材，条材的外层为瓷木，内芯为发泡水泥，条材的长度为0.4～12米，重量为5～150千克；板材的外层为瓷木，内芯为发泡水泥，板材的长度0.8～3米，宽度0.5～1.0米，厚度5～25厘米。瓷木由包括以下质量份数组分的原料制成：水泥100份、水泥改性剂0.1-20份、木屑5-20份、砂子0-150份。条材或板材具有轻质、高强、防火、防水、隔音、隔热、保温、抗震、环保、耐久、低成本的优点。

Description

一种用于建造房屋的条材和板材 技术领域
本发明涉及建材技术领域，具体涉及一种用于建造房屋的条材和板材。
背景技术
长久以来，人们就使用天然木条(条状木材)来盖房子，例如将木条层叠起来做成墙体，以及梁、柱等，其缺点是木条耐久、耐候性差，易被虫蛀、时间久了会腐化，而且也不防火，另外成本也高。虽然使用木条来盖单层、低层房屋简单方便、美观，但随着保护森林政策的施行，现在像百年前那样使用木条来盖房已经基本不可行了。而如果是使用实心砖、发泡砖来建造房子，不足之处是：砖头重量大、搬运和砌墙都不方便，且砌墙速度慢、人工成本高，而且砌好的墙面需要再进行扇灰、铺瓷砖等内外装饰。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中提到的缺点和不足，本发明提供一种用于建造房屋的条材和板材，使建造单层、低层房屋变得简单、快捷，而且降低建造成本。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种用于建造房屋的条材，所述条材的外层为瓷木，内芯为发泡水泥，所述条材的长度为0.4～12米，重量为5～150千克。
优选的，所述条材的横截面为上凸下凹形、方形、五边形、六边形和圆形中的一种。
优选的，所述条材的外层中还加有钢筋、钢丝、铁丝或网格材料来加强条材的强度。
优选的，所述条材的外表面做有木纹、石头、砖头、瓷片或麻皮等纹理和效果的装饰。
优选的，所述条材的一端或两端还设有上缺口和下缺口。
优选的，所述条材的一端或两端还设有通孔，而且设有通孔的部位为实心结构。
优选的，所述条材的端部为实心结构。
优选的，在所述条材的上表面上，还设有沟槽，在该沟槽中注入粘结剂可将上下层的条材粘接起来。
优选的，在所述条材一端或两端的端部上表面是平的，没有凸起部分，且该没有凸起的部分的长度与条材的宽度一样。
优选的，所述瓷木由包括以下质量份数组分的原料制成：水泥100份，水泥改性剂0.1～20份，木屑5～20份，砂子0～150份。
一种用于建造房屋的板材，所述板材的外层为瓷木，内芯为发泡水泥，所述板材的长度0.8～3米，宽度0.5～1.0米，厚度5～25厘米。
优选的，所述板材的一边为凸形，另一边为相对应的凹形。
优选的，所述板材的外层中还加有钢筋、钢丝、铁丝或网格材料来加强条材的强度。
优选的，所述板材的外表面做有木纹、石头、砖头、瓷片或麻皮等纹理和效果的装饰。
优选的，所述瓷木由包括以下质量份数组分的原料制成：水泥100份，水泥改性剂0.1～20份，木屑5～20份，砂子0～150份。
优选的，所述水泥改性剂由以下重量配比的原料混合而成：
硅溶胶10-100份；
减水剂1-50份。
其中硅溶胶的固含量为30-50％，减水剂的固含量是30-50％。
优选的，所述水泥改性剂中还加入以下原料中的一种或多种混合而成(重量配比)：
尿素0-50份
氟硅烷0-1份
消泡剂0-20份
防水剂0-30份
早强速凝剂0-20份
降脆增韧剂0-10份
偶联剂0-10份
硫化剂0-10份
着色剂0-1份。
本发明的有益效果是：
由于条材的外层材质是瓷化水泥加木质碎料混合均匀组成，内芯是发泡水泥，因此具有轻质、高强、防火、防水、隔音、隔热、保温、利废、环保、耐久、低成本的优点。用其盖房子时，一至两个建筑工人就可以轻易地将其抬起来，可以像使用天然木条那样一根一根地搭上去层叠形成墙体，非常简单、方便、快捷、省事，而成本却比天然木条低得多，耐久、耐候性也要比天然木条好很多。由于条材的表面可预装饰好木头的、石头的、砖头的、瓷片的、麻皮的等等各种效果，因此用其盖好的房屋不用再作粉饰就很漂亮。由于条材的长度通 常与墙体的长度一样长，建造墙体时，叠放一根条材上去就是一层，这比使用砖块一块一块地砌墙要快上几倍甚至几十倍，而且热桥效应极低，保温性能要比砖墙好上数倍。由上凸下凹形的条材层叠做成的墙体，在发生强烈地震时，条材能相对滑动从而化解地震波的能量，墙角处交错相交的条材互相咬合能保证房屋的整体稳定，因此使用本发明条材建造的房屋具有极好的抗震性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明条材第一个实施例的立体示意图；
图2是图1实施例条材沿中间横截面的剖视示意图；
图3是本发明条材第二个实施例的剖视示意图；
图4是本发明条材第三个实施例的剖视示意图；
图5是本发明条材第四个实施例的一个视角的立体示意图；
图6是本发明条材第四个实施例的另一个不同视角的立体示意图；
图7是本发明条材第五个实施例的立体示意图；
图8是图7实施例条材沿中间纵向的剖视示意图；
图9是本发明条材第六个实施例的立体示意图；
图10是图5实施例条材在层叠建墙后的使用状态立体示意图；
图11是图7实施例条材在层叠建墙后的使用状态立体示意图；
图12是使用本发明条材所建造房屋的立体示意图；
图13是本发明条材第七个实施例的立体示意图；
图14是图13实施例条材沿中间纵向的剖视示意图；
图15是图13实施例条材在层叠建墙后的使用状态立体示意图。
图16是本发明板材第一个实施例的立体示意图。
图17是图16沿中间横截面的剖视示意图。
图18是本发明板材第二个实施例的剖视示意图。
图19是使用本发明板材所建造房屋墙体的立体示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图通过实施例对本发明条材和板材做进一步描述。
参照图1、图2，用于建造房屋的条材1为上凸下凹形，其外层为瓷木2，内芯为发泡水 泥3。
为了提高条材的强度，在条材外层中一般还加有玻纤网4和钢筋5(钢筋数量通常为1～10条)。条材1的外表面通常做有木纹、石头、砖头、瓷片、麻皮等各种外观效果。条材1的长度通常在0.4～12米，重量通常在5～150千克。由于条材为上凸下凹形，在将多根条材层叠建造房屋墙体时，下层条材上面的凸起正好嵌合在上层条材下面的凹槽中，这样既能保证墙体的稳定、牢靠，又能防止外面的雨水进入屋内。
参照图3，本发明条材的截面形状为方形，其外层为瓷木2，内芯为发泡水泥3。此外，为了提高条材的强度，在外层的瓷木2中还加入有钢筋5、钢丝或铁丝，或者是网格布、玻纤网、铁丝网等网格增强材料。这种截面形状为方形、瓷木2中加入有钢筋5的条材，在建造房屋时通常用在门、窗等架空的受力位置。
参照图4，本发明条材的截面形状为六边形，其外层为瓷木2，内芯为发泡水泥3。此外，在外层的瓷木2结构中还加有钢筋5、钢丝或铁丝来加强条材的强度。这种截面形状为六边形、瓷木2中加入有钢筋5的条材，适合作为房屋的主梁、椽梁使用。
参照图5和图6，本发明条材1的外观形状为上凸下凹形，为了在交错叠放建造房屋墙体时，墙角处能完美嵌合、锁定，在条材的端部，上面凸起的位置还设有上缺口1A，而在下面则设有相应的下缺口1B。下缺口1B可根据实际需要设在条材凹槽的左或右边，或两边都开缺口。
参照图7和图8，本发明条材1的外层为瓷木2，内芯为发泡水泥3，其端部还设有通孔1C，且设有上缺口和下缺口以及通孔1C的部位为实心结构；为了合理承受重力，在其端部或中部通常也做成实心结构，或者同时在其端部和中部也做成实心结构。实心结构的内部填充有实心水泥块或混凝土块。在用其建造房屋墙体时，交错叠放的条材能在墙角处形成一个贯穿到地面的通孔，在该通孔中插入木条或钢管，或者是插入钢筋后灌注混凝土，就能大大增强墙体的牢固度。
参照图9，在本发明条材1的上表面上，还按一定距离，通常为5～20cm设有沟槽1D，该沟槽1D的宽度或深度通常为1～5mm。在将条材叠放建造房屋墙体时，可通过该沟槽1D注入粘结剂来将上下层相邻的条材粘接起来，这样既可以提高墙体的牢固度，又能防止渗水、漏风，也有利于墙体隔热保温。
参照图10，本发明条材1用于建造房屋时，只要将条材1一根根地层叠起来，就能做成墙体。在两堵墙体交接的位置，通常将条材1相互交错叠放，整个建造房屋的过程跟使用天然木条来建造房屋是类似的。
参照图11，本发明条材1用于建造房屋时，只要将条材1一根根地层叠起来，就能做成墙体。在两堵墙体交接的位置，将条材1相互交错叠放，条材1上的通孔1C便从上贯穿到下，在该通孔中插入钢管6或木条，或者是插入钢筋后灌注混凝土，就能大大增强整栋房屋墙体的牢固度。
参照图12，本发明条材1用于建造房屋时，只要将条材1一根根地层叠起来，就能做成墙体。在两堵墙体交接的位置，通常是将条材1相互交错叠放。在门和窗位置上面的条材通常使用加有钢筋的方形条材，如图3实施例中所述的条材。房屋的主梁7和椽梁通常使用加有钢筋的五边形或六边形条材，如图4实施例中所述的条材。
参照图13、图14，本发明条材1的外观形状为上凸下凹形，为了在交错叠放建造房屋墙体时，墙角处能互相层叠，在条材一端或两端的端部上表面1E通常设置成平的，也就是在条材的至少一端的端部没有凸起部分，该没有凸起的部分的长度与条材的宽度一样。
参照图15，本发明条材1用于建造房屋时，只要将条材1一根根地层叠起来，就能做成墙体。在两堵墙体交接的位置，通常将条材1相互交错叠放，整个建造房屋的过程跟使用天然木条来建造房屋是类似的。
本发明的条材包括：墙条，用于建造墙体的条材；梁条，用于作为横梁使用的条材；柱条，用于作为柱子使用的条材；楼板条，用为建造楼板的条材等条状的建材系列。
本发明所述条材的外观效果通常做成两面不一样，例如正对着条材的一端，左面为木纹外观，右面为瓷片外观，这样将条材层叠做成墙体后，从外面看，房子就像是使用天然木条建成的；而在房子里面看，墙壁又像是贴了瓷砖的。这样做出来的房子的墙壁不用再进行粉饰装修本身就很漂亮，既节省建造成本又环保、耐用。
为了更快速的建造房屋，本发明还提供一种用于建造房屋的板材10。参照图16、图17，板材10的一边为凸形，另一边为相对应的凹形。两块板材10拼接时，一块板材10的凸起部分正好能嵌入到另一块板材10的凹槽中。板材10的外层为瓷木2，内芯为发泡水泥3。为了增加板材10的强度，在外层的瓷木2中，还加入有玻纤网4。此外，板材10的外表面通常做成木纹、石头、砖头、瓷片、麻皮等各种外观效果。一块板材10的大小尺寸通常为：长度0.8～3米，宽度0.5～1.0米，厚度5～25厘米。
参照图18，板材10的外层为瓷木2，内芯为发泡水泥3。此外，为了提高轻质墙板的强度，在外层的瓷木2中还加入有钢筋5。这种加有钢筋5的轻质墙板通常用作房屋的屋面板、地面板等受力强度要求高的结构单元。
参照图19，应用本发明的板材10来拼接建造房屋的墙体时，只要将板材10竖立拼接起 来便可，相邻板材10上的凹凸部分正好嵌合。
本发明的板材10由于使用水泥基植物碎屑混合料替代了镁基植物碎屑混合料，从而克服了镁基材料存在的返卤、腐蚀金属、变形、软化、容易老化、不耐久、不环保、不能用于外墙的缺点，也解决了硅钙板夹芯的墙板存在的容易空鼓、脱落、变形、软化、不耐久、不能直接打钉拧锣丝、不能用于外墙、比较重、不环保的缺点。
多块板材10拼接成整堵墙后，墙体具有防火、防水、耐老化、轻质、隔热保温、水泡不变形等优点，既可以用于内墙，又可以用于外墙，而且强度高，墙上可以直接打钉、拧螺丝来吊挂重物，如安装空调、电视、杂物架等，功能和作用大大优于现有的镁基板和硅钙板。由于轻质墙板的表面可预装饰好木头的、石头的、砖头的、瓷片的、麻皮的等等各种效果，因此用其建造的墙壁不用再进行粉饰就很整洁、漂亮。
在上述实施例中，所述瓷木2由包括以下质量份数组分的原料制成：水泥100份，水泥改性剂0.1～20份，木屑5～20份，砂子0～150份。
所述瓷木2的制作方法是：将上述原料混合后加入25～75份水，搅拌后制成浆料，然后将浆料注入模具中，模具内放置发泡水泥3(内芯)，浆料完全包裹发泡水泥3，等浆料硬化后即形成瓷木2(外层)。
所述木屑为植物碎屑，包括木头、树皮、草、秸杆等植物原料的碎屑。
所述水泥改性剂主要由以下重量配比的原料混合而成：
硅溶胶10-100份；
减水剂1-50份。
其中硅溶胶的固含量为30-50％，减水剂的固含量是30-50％。
作为优选，所述水泥改性剂中除了上述的硅溶胶和减水剂外，还加入以下原料中的一种或多种混合而成(重量配比)：
尿素0-50份
氟硅烷0-1份
消泡剂0-20份
防水剂0-30份
早强速凝剂0-20份
降脆增韧剂0-10份
偶联剂0-10份
硫化剂0-10份
着色剂0-1份。
作为优选，所述减水剂采用聚羧酸减水剂；所述消泡剂采用矿物油消泡剂，当然也可以采用有机硅类消泡剂或合成类消泡剂，如聚醚消泡剂；所述偶联剂采用钛酸脂偶联剂，所述着色剂采用金属氧化物颜料，如氧化铁颜料。
本发明水泥改性剂不但能使水泥与植物碎屑良好地混合在一起，而且还能使水泥具有陶瓷的质感和石材的质感，所以又可称为水泥瓷化剂，简称水瓷胶。虽然其配方极其简单，原料很容易得到，但却具有意想不到的效果，彻底解决了几十年来很多人梦想解决与终生研究而未解决的水泥加植物碎屑的问题。其有益效果是：
1、在水泥浆料中加入本发明水泥改性剂，硬化之后就不再害怕植物碎屑中的有机酸、糖、油脂损害，其强度和性能不会被植物碎屑的酸性所破坏及粉化，从而使水泥具备极好的耐植物碎屑的酸性，因此能够与植物碎屑很好地结合在一起，彻底解决了水泥和植物碎屑混合后强度会降低，时间久了会被粉化的问题，且所制造出来的水泥制品的强度不仅不会受到不利影响，反而有增长性，会随着时间的推移，其强度会一年比一年增高。所制造的水泥植物碎屑板等水泥植物碎屑制品具有轻质、环保、利废、强度高、脆性小、耐候性好、更防火、防潮防水、防风吹日晒雨淋、隔音隔热、阻燃、防腐抗菌、机械加工性能好(可锯、可钻、可钉、可刨削、可打孔、可开槽等)、不会软化、不易变形，可以像木板一样使用、易装饰等优势，在使用过程中无游离甲醛释放，其综合性能和功能是现有各种板村中最优最多的，现已在建筑物内外墙板、隔墙板、地板、装饰板等方面得到广泛的应用。
2、在搅拌水泥浆料前加入本发明水泥改性剂再进行搅拌，可以增加水泥制品的质感效果，令到水泥制品具有陶瓷、石材的质感，因此可以广泛应用于水泥人造石的制造，其所制造出来的水泥人造石完全看不出来是用水泥做的。在水泥浆料中加入本发明水泥改性剂，所制造的水泥植物碎屑墙板表面相当十分光亮美观，外观颜色均匀，可免批砂浆，有效降低工程和装修成本。
3、在水泥浆料中加入本发明水泥改性剂，可以增加水泥制品的光亮鲜艳效果，令到水泥制品更加漂亮、美观、耐久，另外还具有防水、防霉、耐酸碱、耐腐蚀、防晒、无毒、无味、无刺激、耐老化的优点，而且成本低廉、制造的原材料易得。所以本发明的水泥改性剂又可称为水泥鲜艳剂，用于增加水泥制品的鲜艳效果。
4、废物利用、变废为宝：有了本发明水泥改性剂，可以利用视为垃圾的碎木、秸杆、禾杆、麦杆、树皮、锯末、碎竹、椰子碎屑、棕榈树碎屑、草其它植物碎屑来制造水泥制品，变废为宝，使各种植物资源得到充分利用。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种用于建造房屋的条材，其特征是：所述条材的外层为瓷木，内芯为发泡水泥，所述条材的长度为0.4～12米，重量为5～150千克。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的条材，其特征是：所述条材的横截面为上凸下凹形、方形、五边形、六边形和圆形中的一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的条材，其特征是：所述条材的外层中还加有钢筋、钢丝、铁丝或网格材料来加强条材的强度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的条材，其特征是：所述条材的外表面做有木纹、石头、砖头、瓷片或麻皮等纹理和效果的装饰。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的条材，其特征是：所述条材的一端或两端还设有上缺口和下缺口。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的条材，其特征是：所述条材的一端或两端还设有通孔，而且设有通孔的部位为实心结构。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的条材，其特征是：所述条材的端部为实心结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的条材，其特征是：在所述条材的上表面上，还设有沟槽，在该沟槽中注入粘结剂可将上下层的条材粘接起来。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的条材，其特征是：在所述条材一端或两端的端部上表面是平的，没有凸起部分，且该没有凸起的部分的长度与条材的宽度一样。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的条材，其特征是：所述瓷木由包括以下质量份数组分的原料制成：水泥100份，水泥改性剂0.1～20份，木屑5～20份，砂子0～150份。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的条材，其特征是：所述水泥改性剂由以下重量配比的原料混合而成：
    硅溶胶 10-100份；
    减水剂 1-50份；
    其中硅溶胶的固含量为30-50％，减水剂的固含量是30-50％。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的条材，其特征是：所述水泥改性剂中还加入以下原料中的一种或多种混合而成(重量配比)：
    尿素 0-50份
    氟硅烷 0-1份
    消泡剂 0-20份
    防水剂 0-30份
    早强速凝剂 0-20份
    降脆增韧剂 0-10份
    偶联剂 0-10份
    硫化剂 0-10份
    着色剂 0-1份。
  13. 一种用于建造房屋的板材，其特征是：所述板材的外层为瓷木，内芯为发泡水泥，所述板材的长度0.8～3米，宽度0.5～1.0米，厚度5～25厘米。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的板材，其特征是：所述板材的一边为凸形，另一边为相对应的凹形。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的板材，其特征是：所述板材的外层中还加有钢筋、钢丝、铁丝或网格材料来加强条材的强度。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的板材，其特征是：所述板材的外表面做有木纹、石头、砖头、瓷片或麻皮等纹理和效果的装饰。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的板材，其特征是：所述瓷木由包括以下质量份数组分的原料制成：水泥100份，水泥改性剂0.1～20份，木屑5～20份，砂子0～150份。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的板材，其特征是：所述水泥改性剂由以下重量配比的原料混合而成：
    硅溶胶 10-100份；
    减水剂 1-50份；
    其中硅溶胶的固含量为30-50％，减水剂的固含量是30-50％。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的板材，其特征是：所述水泥改性剂中还加入以下原料中的一种或多种混合而成(重量配比)：
    尿素 0-50份
    氟硅烷 0-1份
    消泡剂 0-20份
    防水剂 0-30份
    早强速凝剂 0-20份
    降脆增韧剂 0-10份
    偶联剂 0-10份
    硫化剂 0-10份
    着色剂 0-1份。
PCT/CN2019/089872 2018-06-03 2019-06-03 一种用于建造房屋的条材和板材 WO2019233387A1 (zh)

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CN201810554600.0A CN108658527A (zh) 2018-06-03 2018-06-03 一种免烧陶瓷木屑板（瓷木板）
CN201810554939.0 2018-06-03
CN201810554600.0 2018-06-03
CN201810554939.0A CN108468398A (zh) 2018-06-03 2018-06-03 一种瓷木型免拆模板
CN201811577084.X 2018-12-24
CN201811577084.XA CN109457841A (zh) 2018-12-24 2018-12-24 一种用于建造房屋的条材
CN201920049398.6U CN209975853U (zh) 2019-01-14 2019-01-14 一种轻质墙板
CN201920049398.6 2019-01-14
CN201910175306.3 2019-03-08
CN201910175306.3A CN111662032A (zh) 2019-03-08 2019-03-08 一种水泥改性剂

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CN108468398A (zh) * 2018-06-03 2018-08-31 广州市轻能建材有限公司 一种瓷木型免拆模板
CN108658527A (zh) * 2018-06-03 2018-10-16 广州市轻能建材有限公司 一种免烧陶瓷木屑板（瓷木板）
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CN203403588U (zh) * 2013-08-12 2014-01-22 福建安吉屋新型建材有限公司 泡沫混凝土复合板
CN106946525A (zh) * 2017-03-24 2017-07-14 河南华泰新材科技股份有限公司 一种轻集料装配式块材及其生产工艺
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