WO2019221054A1 - Antenne, antenne réseau et dispositif de communication sans fil - Google Patents

Antenne, antenne réseau et dispositif de communication sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019221054A1
WO2019221054A1 PCT/JP2019/018915 JP2019018915W WO2019221054A1 WO 2019221054 A1 WO2019221054 A1 WO 2019221054A1 JP 2019018915 W JP2019018915 W JP 2019018915W WO 2019221054 A1 WO2019221054 A1 WO 2019221054A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
conductor
split ring
dielectric
antenna element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/018915
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
圭史 小坂
半杭　英二
Original Assignee
日本電気株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 日本電気株式会社 filed Critical 日本電気株式会社
Priority to JP2020519620A priority Critical patent/JPWO2019221054A1/ja
Priority to US17/052,932 priority patent/US20210328335A1/en
Publication of WO2019221054A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019221054A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H01Q1/422—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/02—Arrangements for de-icing; Arrangements for drying-out ; Arrangements for cooling; Arrangements for preventing corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H01Q9/265—Open ring dipoles; Circular dipoles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna, an array antenna, and a wireless communication device.
  • the antenna device has a radome to prevent the influence of rain when installed outdoors.
  • the antenna element is installed in a space surrounded by the radome, the apparatus casing, and the conductor reflector.
  • the radome is made of a non-conductor so as not to block radio waves transmitted and received by the antenna element.
  • moisture contained in the air inside the radome may condense on the inner wall of the radome as water droplets depending on the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the radome.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a structure for preventing water droplets condensed on the inner wall of the radome from dropping and changing the electrical characteristics of the signal transmission line in the radome.
  • the frequency sharing antenna apparatus 1 includes an antenna element 15 and a triplate line 100 and is accommodated inside the radome 10.
  • a water droplet W due to condensation may be formed on the inner surface of the radome 10 due to a temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the radome 10.
  • a water droplet receiving member 13 having a receiving surface 13c inclined so as to cover the upper side of the triplate line 100 is provided.
  • Paragraph (0054) states that an additional dielectric having a dielectric constant of 30 and a thickness of 2 mm is attached to one side of the antenna.
  • Patent Document 3 is an invention of a wireless gauge device, but as described in paragraphs (0002) to (0003) (background art), it is attached to the inside of a waste container to measure the fullness level and the fullness rate of the waste container.
  • a fullness sensor 210 ultrasonic sensor
  • a controller 212 controls the power of the waste container.
  • a wireless transceiver 214 controls the antenna 204 .
  • an antenna 204 On the printed circuit board 200, a fullness sensor 210 (ultrasonic sensor), a controller 212, a wireless transceiver 214, and an antenna 204 are provided (FIGS. 2, 3, paragraphs (0033) and (0049)). Since this gauge is exposed to an environment with temperature change, physical shock, moisture, gas, and other chemical substances, protective layers 220 are provided on both sides of the antenna 204 for the purpose of protection.
  • Patent Document 4 relates to an array antenna.
  • An antenna element of an array antenna includes a split ring conductor having a shape partially cut by a split portion, and a feeder line conductor having one end electrically connected to the split ring conductor. Is included.
  • Patent Document 5 relates to a structure that accommodates an antenna, and describes a laminated structure in which a split ring layer, a dielectric layer, and a grid layer are laminated.
  • water droplets in the radome may adhere not only to the transmission line as described in Patent Document 1, but also to the antenna element. Then, the electrical performance such as the band and radiation intensity of the antenna element itself changes.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an antenna element that can suppress a decrease in electrical performance due to water droplet adhesion, and a wireless communication device including the antenna element.
  • the present invention includes a conductor portion, and a portion of the surface of the conductor portion where the electric field intensity at the time of operation is higher than the other portions is 0.005 ⁇ or more when the vacuum wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the operating frequency of the antenna is ⁇ .
  • the antenna element is characterized in that a first dielectric having a thickness of 1 mm is formed.
  • an antenna element that can suppress a decrease in electrical performance due to water droplet adhesion, and a wireless communication apparatus including the antenna element.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an antenna 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view of the antenna element 11 in FIG. It is the top view which looked at the antenna 10 from the z-axis positive direction. It is the top view which looked at the antenna 10 from the x-axis negative direction.
  • 6 is a perspective view showing a modification of the antenna element 11.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view showing a modification of the antenna element 11.
  • FIG. 6 is a front view showing a modification of the antenna element 11.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a modification of the antenna element 11.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view showing a modification of the antenna element 11.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view showing a modification of the antenna element 11.
  • FIG. 21 It is a perspective view of the antenna element 21 which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is the top view seen from the z-axis positive direction of the antenna 20 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. 6 is a top view showing a modification of the antenna element 21.
  • FIG. It is a perspective view of the antenna 30 which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.
  • or (C) is the figure which showed typically an example of the circuit structure of the radio
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view showing a modification of the wireless communication device 400.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view showing a modification of the wireless communication device 400.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view showing a modification of the wireless communication device 400.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view showing a modification of the wireless communication device 400. It is a perspective view of the antenna element 51 which concerns on the 5th Embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an antenna 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2 is a perspective view of the antenna element 11 in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the antenna 10 as viewed from the positive z-axis direction.
  • the dielectric substrate 106, the dielectric 109, and the dielectric 110 are omitted in FIG.
  • the operating frequency band of the antenna is the UHF band to the low frequency SHF band.
  • the antenna 10 includes an antenna element 11 disposed substantially parallel to the zy plane and a conductive reflector 108 disposed substantially parallel to the xy plane.
  • the reflector 108 reflects the electromagnetic wave emitted from the antenna element 11 and increases the radiation intensity of the antenna element 11 in the positive z-axis direction.
  • the antenna element 11 includes a dielectric substrate 106, a split ring portion 101 and a connection portion 102 (connection conductor) disposed on the surface layer (surface on the x-axis negative direction side) of the dielectric substrate 106, and the dielectric substrate 106. Covers the power supply line 103 disposed on the back layer (surface on the x-axis positive direction side), the conductor via 105 connecting different layers of the dielectric substrate 106, and the surfaces of both ends of the split ring portion 101 in the y-axis direction. A dielectric 109 and a dielectric 110 covering the surface of the split part 104 are included.
  • the split ring portion 101 is a substantially C-shaped conductor in which a part of the circumference of a rectangular ring having a long side in the y-axis direction and a short side in the z-axis direction is cut by the split portion 104.
  • the split part 104 is provided near the center of the long side of the split ring part 101 on the side far from the reflecting plate 108 (z-axis positive direction side).
  • the connecting portion 102 is a conductor extending in the z-axis direction, and one end of the connecting portion 102 is connected to the vicinity of the center of the long side on the side close to the reflecting plate 108 of the split ring portion 101 (z-axis negative direction side). The end is connected to the reflector 108.
  • the connection part 102 electrically connects the split ring part 101 and the reflection plate 108.
  • the feed line 103 is a linear conductor, and one end thereof is connected to a portion on the long side on the side far from the reflecting plate 108 (z-axis positive direction side) of the split ring portion 101 via a conductor via 105. .
  • the power supply line 103 extends across the opening 107 of the split ring part 101 as viewed from the x-axis direction to a region facing the connection part 102. That is, the feeder line 103 overlaps with a region surrounded by the outer edge of the connection portion 102 when viewed from the x-axis direction.
  • the other end of the feeder line 103 is connected to an RF circuit (high frequency circuit) (not shown).
  • the feed line 103 is capacitively coupled to the connection unit 102 to form a transmission line in a region facing the connection unit 102.
  • an RF signal generated by an RF circuit (not shown) is transmitted through the feeder line 103 and fed to the split ring unit 101.
  • the split ring portion 101, the connecting portion 102, and the feeder line 103 that constitute the antenna element 11 are generally formed of copper foil on a dielectric substrate, but may be formed of other materials as long as they are conductors. They may be the same material or different materials.
  • the dielectric substrate 106 that supports each conductor element of the antenna element 11, and the dielectric 109 and dielectric 110 that cover the conductor surface may be of any material and manufacturing process, and glass epoxy resin, ceramic, etc. are used. Can do.
  • the dielectric substrate 106 that supports each conductor element of the antenna element 11 may be of any material and manufacturing process.
  • the dielectric substrate 106 may be a printed circuit board using glass epoxy resin, or an LSI (Large Scale). Integration), a module substrate using a ceramic material such as LTCC (Low-Temperature-Co-fired-Ceramics), or naturally a semiconductor substrate such as silicon. .
  • the reflector 108 is generally formed of a sheet metal or a copper foil bonded to a dielectric substrate, but may be formed of other materials as long as it is conductive.
  • the conductor via 105 is generally formed by plating a through hole formed in the dielectric substrate 106 with a drill, but any conductor can be used as long as the layers can be electrically connected.
  • a laser via formed by a laser, a copper wire, or the like can be used.
  • the split ring portion 101 preferably has a shape having a length in the y-axis direction as described above in order to obtain good radiation efficiency.
  • the shape of the split ring portion 101 may be an ellipse, a bow tie shape, or the like.
  • the split ring portion 101 and the reflection plate 108 are arranged apart from each other by about 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength in the z-axis direction. For this reason, it is preferable that the length of the connecting portion 102 in the z-axis direction is about 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength.
  • the antenna gain in the z-axis positive direction Can be improved.
  • the z-direction distance between the split ring part 101 and the reflecting plate 108 may be a value other than 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength, and in that case, the design of the split ring part is adjusted so that good radiation characteristics can be obtained. May be. Even in such a case, the essential effect of the present invention is not affected.
  • the split ring unit 101 includes an LC series resonance circuit in which an inductance caused by a current flowing along the ring and a capacitance generated between conductors facing each other in the split unit 104 are connected in series. It functions as a (split ring resonator). In the vicinity of the resonance frequency of the split ring resonator, a large current flows through the split ring portion 101, and a part of the current component contributes to the radiation to operate as an antenna.
  • the inventors have found that an electric field having a higher strength than that of other portions is generated in the vicinity of the split portion 104 and in the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction (y-axis direction) of the split ring portion 101.
  • the capacitance generated between the conductors causes resonance in the split portion 104, it can be seen that the electric field concentrates at the time of resonance.
  • the longitudinal ends of the split ring portion 101 have a relatively large potential difference between the both ends due to the current flowing along the ring in the split ring portion 101 having the longitudinal direction. It has been found that a stronger electric field is generated than the other portions except for both ends.
  • the dielectric 109 and the dielectric 110 may prevent the water droplets from directly adhering to locations where the electric field strength in the antenna element 11 is high.
  • the inventors prevent the water droplets from directly adhering to places where the electric field strength is higher than the other places of the antenna 10 by using the dielectric 109 and the dielectric 110, so that the electric performance of the antenna 10 due to the water drops, for example, the band It has been found that (S11) and deterioration of radiation characteristics can be suppressed. Even if water droplets adhere to other portions of the antenna element 11 where the electric field strength is relatively low, the water droplets have little influence on the electric field, and therefore the electrical performance of the antenna 10 is hardly deteriorated.
  • the dielectric 109 and the dielectric 110 of the present embodiment realize the suppression of the electrical performance deterioration of the antenna 10 due to water droplets with the minimum dielectric.
  • the electric field strength may be stronger at the split part than at both ends in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, if one of the longitudinal ends and the split part is selected, it is better to form a dielectric only in the split part. Furthermore, the dielectric may be formed only on one side rather than on both ends in the longitudinal direction, but the effect of reducing the influence of water droplets is higher when formed on both.
  • t1 representing the thickness of the dielectric covering the conductor surface in FIG. 3 is preferably t1 ⁇ 0.005 ⁇ .
  • t1 is a thickness formed on one surface of the dielectrics 109 and 110 formed at both ends of the split ring portion 101.
  • a dielectric having a thickness t1 is also formed on the opposite surface.
  • ⁇ is the vacuum wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the operating frequency of the antenna 10. Assuming that the operating frequency is 1 to 6 GHz (wavelength 300 to 60 mm), 0.005 ⁇ is 1.5 to 0.3 mm.
  • the dielectrics 109 and 110 not only directly above the conductor of the split portion 104, directly above the conductor at both ends of the split ring portion 101, but also on the opening 107 in the direction toward the connecting portion 102 and both ends of the split ring portion 101. It is formed so as to extend on the dielectric substrate 106 extending in the axial direction and on the outer space.
  • the thickness of the dielectric from the conductor surface has been described above.
  • the distance between the upper end of the dielectric 109 and the dielectric 110 and the upper end of the split ring portion 101 and the dielectric 109 and dielectric It is more desirable that t2 indicating the distance between the lower end portion of the body 110 and the lower end portion of the split ring portion 101 is t2 ⁇ 0.005 ⁇ , similarly to t1.
  • the upper limit of the thickness is 1 to 6 GHz, for example, about 50 to 10 mm.
  • the surfaces of the dielectric 109 and the dielectric 110 may have water repellency.
  • the near electromagnetic field ( ⁇ radiated electromagnetic wave) is less likely to leak out of the dielectrics 109 and 110. The influence can be suppressed.
  • 5 and 6 are a perspective view and a top view, respectively, showing a modification of the antenna element 11 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dielectric substrate 106, the dielectric 109, and the dielectric 110 are omitted in FIG.
  • the antenna element 11 is a layer different from the layer in which the first split ring portion 101 ′ and the connection portion (first connection portion) 102 ′ of the dielectric substrate 106 are disposed,
  • the second split ring part 111 and the second connection part 112 are further provided in different layers.
  • the feed line 103 is sandwiched between the first split ring portion 101 ′ and the first connection portion 102 ′ and the second split ring portion 111 and the second connection portion 112.
  • the second connection portion 112 is a conductor extending in the z-axis direction, and one end of the second connection portion 112 is connected to the vicinity of the center of the long side of the second split ring portion 111 on the side close to the reflecting plate 108 (z-axis negative direction side). The other end is connected to the reflector 108.
  • the second connection part 112 electrically connects the second split ring part 111 and the reflection plate 108.
  • the first split ring portion 101 ′ and the second split ring portion 111 are electrically connected to each other by a plurality of conductor vias 113 and operate as one split ring resonator. Further, the first connection portion 102 ′ and the second connection portion 112 are electrically connected to each other through a plurality of conductor vias 114.
  • One end of the power supply line 103 is connected to a portion on the long side of the first split ring portion 101 ′ and the second split ring portion 111 on the long side (z-axis positive direction side) far from the reflector 108 via a conductor via 105. ing.
  • the feeder line 103 is a region facing the first connection part 102 ′ and the second connection part 112 across the opening 107 of the first split ring part 101 ′ and the opening 115 of the second split ring part 111 when viewed from the y-axis direction. Is stretched.
  • the feed line 103 is capacitively coupled to the first connection unit 102 ′ and the second connection unit 112, thereby forming a transmission line in a region facing the first connection unit 102 ′ and the second connection unit 112.
  • an RF signal generated by an RF circuit (not shown) is transmitted through the feeder line 103 and fed to the first split ring unit 101 ′ and the second split ring unit 111.
  • the antenna element 11 of FIGS. 5 and 6 can confine the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the feed line 103 by the first connection unit 102 ′ and the second connection unit 112, and thus is unnecessary from the feed line 103. It becomes possible to reduce the radiation.
  • the distance t1 from the surface of the split ring portion of the dielectric 109 and the dielectric 110 is applied to the first split ring portion 101 'and the second split ring portion 111, respectively.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a modified example of the antenna element 11.
  • FIG. 8 is a front view showing another modification of the antenna element 11.
  • the dielectric substrate 106 is omitted in FIG.
  • the opposing conductors in the split portion 104 are extended to the vicinity of the connection point between the split ring portion 101 and the connection portion 102 in the negative z-axis direction. Is also extended in the negative z-axis direction until the end of the connecting part 102 in the positive z-axis direction is covered.
  • the dielectric 110 is also extended in the positive y-axis direction until it overlaps the feeder line 103 when viewed in the zy plane. This is because a strong electric field may be generated in the vicinity of the feeder line 103 depending on the design of the split ring portion 101.
  • the antenna element 11 includes a radiation conductor 120 connected to the vicinity of both ends of the split ring portion 101 in the y-axis direction.
  • the split ring portion 101 in FIG. 8 is extended such that both ends in the longitudinal direction (y-axis direction) are bent in the negative z-axis direction.
  • the antenna element 11 can extend the current path that flows through the conductor constituting the split ring portion 101, thereby improving the radiation characteristics and lowering the frequency.
  • the dielectric 109 since an electric field having a relatively high strength is generated in the vicinity of the radiating conductor 120, which is a substantial longitudinal end portion of the conductor connected to the split ring portion 101, the dielectric 109 has a radiating conductor as shown in FIG. It is desirable to be connected to 120.
  • the antenna element 11 in FIGS. 9 and 10 includes the second split ring part 111 and the second connection part 112 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the antenna element 11 is a portion of the surface of the antenna element 11 having a low electric field strength other than the vicinity of the split portion 104 and the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction (y-axis direction) of the split ring portions 101 and 111.
  • a dielectric 130 is provided. The dielectric 130 is provided not for the purpose of suppressing deterioration of the antenna performance due to water droplets, but for the purpose of preventing rust and dirt on the conductor of the antenna element 11 and the surface of the dielectric.
  • the thickness t3 of the dielectric 130 shown in FIG. 10 is smaller than t1 and t2. Is desirable.
  • the dielectric 130 may be formed on the entire surface of the split ring portions 101, 101 ', and 111, and the dielectrics 109 and 110 may be formed thereon. In that case, the total thickness of the dielectric 130 and the dielectrics 109 and 110 may be 0.005 ⁇ or more at the locations where the dielectrics 109 and 110 are formed.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an antenna element 21 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a top view of the antenna 20 according to the second embodiment viewed from the positive z-axis direction.
  • the dielectric substrate 106 is omitted in FIG.
  • the antenna 20 according to this embodiment is the same as the configuration shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 of the first embodiment except for the following points.
  • the same components as those of the antenna 10 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the first split ring portion 101 ′ and the second split ring portion 111 have long side portions on the z-axis positive direction side including the split portion 104 from the configurations shown in FIGS. Has a removed structure.
  • the antenna element 21 includes a third split ring portion 201 in the same layer as the feeder line 103 in the dielectric substrate 106.
  • the third split ring part 201 has a structure in which the long side part facing the split part 104 and the opening 107 is removed from the split ring part 101 in the first embodiment.
  • the length of the third split ring portion 201 in the longitudinal direction is longer than the lengths of the first split ring portion 101 ′ and the second split ring portion 111 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the plurality of conductor vias 113 electrically connect the first split ring part 101 ′, the second split ring part 111, and the third split ring part 201.
  • the feeder line 103 is directly connected to the third split ring part 201, and the conductor via 105 is not required.
  • the feed line 103 is connected to one end portion of the opposing conductor at the split portion 104, but is connected to the z-axis positive direction end portion of the third split ring portion 201 through the opening. It may be.
  • the antenna element 21 does not include the dielectrics 109 and 110.
  • the first split ring portion 101 ′, the second split ring portion 111, and the third split ring portion 201 in the antenna element 21 according to the second embodiment are conductive vias. 113 is connected. Therefore, these three layers of conductors constitute one split ring resonator and operate as an antenna.
  • the split portion is provided in the third split ring portion 201, and the current flowing in a ring shape through the opening portion flows back and forth through these three split ring portions via the conductor via 113.
  • the length of the third split ring portion 201 in the longitudinal direction is longer than the lengths of the first split ring portion 101 'and the second split ring portion 111 in the longitudinal direction. Then, the longitudinal direction end of the third split ring part 201 becomes the longitudinal direction end of the entire split ring. Since the third split ring portion 201 is an inner layer, the longitudinal ends of the split ring can be covered with the dielectric substrates above and below it. That is, the end of the split ring in the longitudinal direction can be automatically covered with the thickness of the dielectric substrate.
  • both ends of the split portion 104 and the longitudinal direction (y-axis direction) of the split ring resonator, which are places where the electric field strength is high, in the antenna element 21 are both of the dielectric substrate 106.
  • the third split ring part 201 which is an inner layer is provided.
  • the dielectric substrate 106 (the dielectric material constituting the dielectric substrate 106) instead of the dielectric 109 and the dielectric 110, and as a result, the antenna performance is deteriorated due to the adhesion of water droplets. Can be suppressed.
  • the antenna element 21 can be configured more simply.
  • the thickness t1 of the dielectric connected to the conductor surface having a high electric field strength corresponds to half of the thickness in the x-axis direction of the dielectric substrate 106 excluding the thickness of the conductor layer. Therefore, the thickness in the x-axis direction of the dielectric substrate 106 excluding the thickness of the conductor layer is desirably 0.01 ⁇ or more, which is twice 0.005 ⁇ .
  • the antenna element 21 may include the dielectric 130 in FIGS. 9 and 10 shown in the first embodiment as shown in a top view in FIG.
  • the first split ring portion 101 ′, the second split ring portion 111, and the third split ring portion 201 are provided in three different layers of the dielectric substrate 106.
  • the split ring resonator may be formed of four or more conductor layers. Even in this case, it is only necessary that the conductor surfaces at both ends in the longitudinal direction (y-axis direction) of the split portion 104 and the split ring resonator having high electric field strength are covered with the dielectric substrate 106.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an antenna 30 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the antenna 30 according to this embodiment includes an antenna element 31 that is a dipole antenna.
  • the same components as those of the antenna 10 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the antenna element 31 includes a conductor pattern 301a and a conductor pattern 301b, which are conductor patterns formed in a substantially L shape on the surface of the dielectric substrate 106.
  • the conductor pattern 301a and the conductor pattern 301b form a dipole antenna, and the z-axis negative direction end is connected to an RF circuit (not shown) through a signal line to transmit and receive an RF signal.
  • the antenna element 31 includes a dielectric 109 and a dielectric 302. As in the first embodiment, the dielectric 109 is connected to both ends of the conductor pattern 301a and the conductor pattern 301b in the y-axis direction so as to cover the conductor surfaces of the portions.
  • the dielectric 109 has water droplets at both ends of the dipole antenna conductor, that is, at both ends in the y-axis direction of the conductor pattern 301a and the conductor pattern 301b, where the electric field strength is high. Direct adhesion can be prevented, and antenna performance deterioration due to water droplet adhesion can be suppressed. Furthermore, the dielectric 302 is connected so as to cover the conductor surface of the portion in the vicinity of the center in the y-axis direction of the dielectric substrate 106 where the conductor pattern 301a and the conductor pattern 301b face each other at a short distance.
  • the dielectric 302 can prevent water droplets from directly adhering to the portions where the conductor patterns 301a and 301b face each other, where the conductors are close to each other and the electric field strength is increased, and the antenna performance due to the water droplet adhesion. Deterioration can be suppressed.
  • the thicknesses of the dielectric 109 and the dielectric 302 from the surfaces of the conductor pattern 301a and the conductor pattern 301b in the x-axis direction are desirably 0.005 ⁇ or more as in the first embodiment.
  • a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • the same components as those of the antenna 10 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view of the wireless communication apparatus 400 according to the present embodiment.
  • the wireless communication apparatus 400 includes a box-shaped casing unit 401, a reflector 108 integrally attached to the casing unit 401, an array antenna 40 having a plurality of antenna elements 41 provided on the reflector 108, And a radome 402 covering these array antennas 40.
  • the reflector 108 and the radome 402 are illustrated separated from the assembled state.
  • a communication circuit 401 ⁇ / b> C is built in the housing unit 401.
  • the communication circuit 401C is electrically connected to the array antenna 40.
  • the radio signal generated by the communication circuit 401C is radiated into the atmosphere as an electromagnetic wave via the array antenna 40, and is transmitted / received to / from other equipment (for example, a wireless terminal).
  • a plurality of antenna elements 41 are arranged in a lattice pattern with a space between each other to constitute an array antenna 40.
  • the antenna element 41 is, for example, the antenna element 11, 21, or 31 according to the first, second, and third embodiments.
  • the array antenna 40 can form, for example, a beam directed in a specific direction by changing the phase and power of the signal for each antenna element 41.
  • the radome 402 is a member that covers the array antenna 40 as shown in FIG. More specifically, the radome 402 is bent in a substantially C shape when viewed from the y-axis direction. The edges on both sides in the x direction of the radome 402 are fixed to the sides extending in the y-axis direction in the casing 401. In the state where the radome 402 is fixed to the casing unit 401 in this way, a space as a ventilation channel is formed between the radome 402 and the reflection plate 108. In this space, a plurality of antenna elements 41 provided on the reflecting plate 108 are accommodated.
  • both sides of the space in the y-axis direction are open toward the outside.
  • an opening that faces vertically downward (y-axis negative direction) is an intake hole 403
  • an opening that faces vertically upward (y-axis positive direction) is an exhaust hole 404. That is, the ventilation passage is communicated to the outside through the intake hole 403 and the exhaust hole 404.
  • the radome 402 is preferably formed of an insulating material so as not to shield the signal radiated from the antenna element 41.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a circuit configuration of the wireless communication device 400.
  • one communication circuit 401C includes a phase shifter, a wireless circuit (RF), and a baseband circuit (BB).
  • RF wireless circuit
  • BB baseband circuit
  • one phase shifter is provided for each antenna element 41. With such a configuration, the phase can be changed for each antenna element 41, so that the beam direction can be controlled.
  • one communication circuit 401C includes a wireless circuit (RF) and a baseband circuit (BB). However, one radio circuit is provided for each antenna element 41.
  • the wireless communication apparatus 400 can support spatial multiplexing communication in which different wireless signals are transmitted and received for each antenna element 41.
  • the wireless communication device 400 in FIG. 16C includes a plurality of communication circuits 401C each including one wireless circuit (RF). That is, one communication circuit 401C is provided for each antenna element 41. With such a configuration, the wireless communication apparatus 400 can support spatial multiplexing communication in which different wireless signals are transmitted and received for each antenna element 41.
  • the device configuration of the wireless communication device 400 is not necessarily limited to (A), (B), and (C) in FIG.
  • the communication circuit 401C may not include the baseband circuit (BB). Further, the baseband circuit (BB) may be configured outside the wireless communication device 400, or other configurations may be employed.
  • the communication circuit 401C generates heat as a wireless signal is transmitted / received, which may affect the operation of the communication circuit 401C itself.
  • FIG. 17 shows a heat radiation path of heat generated in the communication circuit 401C.
  • the communication circuit 401 ⁇ / b> C is a member having high thermal conductivity and is connected to the reflector 108, and part of the generated heat is conducted to the reflector 108.
  • a member having high thermal conductivity for example, a ball grid array (BGA: Ball Grid ⁇ ⁇ Array), a solder ball, a solder ball filled with a thermal conductive underfill, or the like can be used.
  • BGA Ball Grid ⁇ ⁇ Array
  • heat is conducted from the reflector 108 to the plurality of antenna elements 41, and heat is transferred from each antenna element 41 to the air.
  • the air that has received heat from the antenna element 41 is guided to the outside along the ventilation channel formed by the radome 402, so that the heat is radiated to the outside.
  • the arrows in FIG. 17 indicate the heat dissipation direction.
  • the antenna element 41 functions as a heat radiating fin.
  • the wireless communication device 400 can efficiently dissipate heat generated in the communication circuit 401C via the array antenna 40.
  • the radome 402 when the wireless communication device 400 is installed outdoors, the radome 402 has the air intake holes 403 and the air exhaust holes 404, so that water droplets may adhere to the antenna element 41 in the rain.
  • dust, dust or the like adheres to the antenna element 41.
  • the antenna element 11, 21, or 31 according to the first, second, and third embodiments is used as the antenna element 41, so that deterioration in antenna performance can be suppressed.
  • the thickness t1 of the dielectric covering the conductor surface having a high electric field strength shown in FIGS. 3, 6, 10, 12, and 13 in the antenna element 41 is the heat from the antenna element 41 to the surrounding air. In consideration of transmission performance, it is more preferable that the distance is about 2 mm or less.
  • the thickness t3 is preferably as thin as possible from the heat transfer performance to the surrounding air, for example, 0.1 mm or less.
  • the wireless communication device 400 includes the radome 402.
  • the radome 402 may not be provided as long as the environment in which the wireless communication device is disposed allows. For example, when the wireless communication device 400 is installed indoors, the radome 402 may be omitted because there is no influence of wind and rain.
  • the radome 402 includes intake holes 403 and exhaust holes 404 on both sides in the y-axis direction.
  • the radome 402 may include intake holes and exhaust holes on both sides in the x-axis direction and in the positive z-axis direction. .
  • the wireless communication device 400 may include a radiator 405 (heat sink) on the opposite side of the casing 401 from the array antenna 40 side. According to such a configuration, the heat dissipation performance of the wireless communication device 400 is further improved.
  • the radiator 405 is not limited to a configuration including a plurality of radiating fins as shown in the illustrated example. For example, a configuration in which the rear surface of the housing 401 is simply roughened to increase the heat radiation area, or a heat medium is used. A configuration using a phase change (phase change cooling method) can be applied.
  • FIG. 19 and 20 are a schematic perspective view and a schematic plan view showing a modification of the wireless communication device 400.
  • FIG. 19 and 20 includes an antenna element 41 that is inclined with respect to the y-axis direction.
  • the array antenna 40 includes a first element group L1 having a plurality of first antenna elements 41a and a second element group L2 having a plurality of second antenna elements 41b.
  • the first antenna element 41a in the first element group L1 extends in the first direction inclined by approximately 45 ° with respect to the y-axis direction in the yz plane on the reflector 108.
  • the second antenna element 41b in the second element group L2 is inclined in a direction (second direction) generally orthogonal to the first direction in the yz plane.
  • a plurality of first element groups L1 are arranged on the reflecting plate 108 with an interval in the second direction, and a plurality of second element groups L2 are arranged with an interval in the first direction.
  • the plurality of first antenna elements 41a and the plurality of second antenna elements 41b are arranged in a square lattice at the same pitch. That is, when viewed from the normal direction (z direction) of the reflecting plate 108, the dimensions between the first antenna elements 41a adjacent to each other are substantially equal. Similarly, the dimensions between the second antenna elements 41b adjacent to each other are substantially equal.
  • Each first antenna element 41a is arranged between a pair of second antenna elements 41b adjacent to each other in the second direction. Further, when viewed from the normal direction of the reflector 108, the line connecting the pair of adjacent second antenna elements 41b passes through the center of the first antenna element 41a in the first direction.
  • the second antenna elements 41b are also arranged in a square lattice as described above, the line connecting the pair of adjacent first antenna elements 41a is also the center of the second antenna element 41b in the first direction. Pass through.
  • the “center” does not necessarily have to be exact, and may pass through a region that substantially divides the first antenna element 41a or the second antenna element 41b.
  • the respective polarizations are also orthogonal to each other.
  • the plurality of first element groups L1 and the second element group L2 are individually controlled by the communication circuit 401C. That is, the first element group L1 and the second element group L2 are supplied with radio signals having different phases and powers, respectively. Accordingly, the first element group L1 and the second element group L2 form an array antenna independent of each other. That is, the array antenna 40 having these operates as a polarization-sharing array antenna that can form a different beam for each polarization.
  • the first element group L1 and the second element group L2 as described above, of the electric and magnetic fields formed by signal radiation from the first antenna element 41a and the second antenna element 41b.
  • the possibility that regions with high strength overlap each other can be reduced.
  • the first antenna element 41a and the second antenna element 41b can be arranged close to each other while suppressing electromagnetic coupling.
  • the gap formed by the first antenna element 41a and the second antenna element 41b is in a zigzag meandering state along the y-axis. As a result, the air flowing by natural convection in the ventilation channel sufficiently contacts the first antenna element 41a and the second antenna element 41b, so that the heat radiation performance of the wireless communication device 400 is further improved.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic perspective view showing a modified example of the wireless communication device 400.
  • the wireless communication device 400 includes a heat radiation fin 406 in addition to the antenna as a heat radiation fin on the reflector.
  • the heat dissipating fins 406 are composed of, for example, a dielectric having high thermal conductivity or Frequency / Selective / Sheet / Surface (FSS).
  • FSS is a structure configured to transmit / reflect only an electromagnetic wave having a specific frequency, which is configured by a metal pattern. The influence on the antenna is suppressed by radio wave transmission, and the thermal conductivity can be improved by being made of metal.
  • the dielectrics 109 and 110 are all formed on both surfaces of the conductor portion. Both sides are more effective than one side to suppress degradation of antenna characteristics. However, if there is a possibility that water droplets adhere only on one side and not on the other side, the dielectrics 109 and 110 need only be formed on one side.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic perspective view showing an antenna element 51 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the antenna element of the present embodiment includes a conductor portion 501, and the vacuum wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the antenna operating frequency is ⁇ in a portion of the surface of the conductor portion 501 where the electric field strength during operation is higher than other portions.
  • a first dielectric 510 having a thickness of 0.005 ⁇ or more is sometimes formed.
  • the near electromagnetic field that stays inside and around the antenna attenuates greatly as the distance from the center of the antenna increases. For this reason, the influence of the water droplets differs greatly depending on whether the water droplets are attached to the surface of the first dielectric 510 or the surface of the conductor portion 501. Therefore, even if a water droplet adheres to the surface of the first dielectric 510, the influence of the water droplet on the near electromagnetic field can be suppressed as compared with the case where it directly adheres to the surface of the conductor portion 501, and the antenna characteristics such as the resonance frequency are degraded. Can be suppressed.
  • a part or all of the above-described embodiment can be described as in the following supplementary notes, but is not limited thereto.
  • Appendix 1 A conductor portion having a thickness of 0.005 ⁇ or more when the vacuum wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at the operating frequency of the antenna is ⁇ at a location where the electric field strength during operation is higher than other locations on the surface of the conductor portion.
  • Appendix 2 The antenna element according to supplementary note 1, wherein the first dielectric is formed only in a portion of the conductor portion surface where the electric field intensity during operation is higher than other portions.
  • the second dielectric is formed on the surface of the conductor portion other than the portion where the electric field intensity during the operation is higher than other portions, and the thickness thereof is thinner than that of the first dielectric.
  • Antenna elements. An antenna comprising the antenna element according to any one of appendices 1 to 3 and a reflector disposed with a space therebetween, The conductor part is a split ring conductor having a shape in which a part of the ring is cut by the split part, The first dielectric is connected so as to cover at least the split part of the split ring conductor and the surfaces of both ends in the longitudinal direction of the split ring conductor; The antenna element further includes a connection conductor having one end electrically connected to the split ring conductor and the other end electrically connected to the reflector.
  • the antenna is characterized in that the feeder line spans an opening formed inside the split ring conductor and overlaps with a region surrounded by an outer edge of the connection conductor.
  • Appendix 5 The antenna according to appendix 4, wherein both ends of the split ring conductor sandwiching the split portion are extended to the connection conductor side, and the first dielectric is formed on a surface of the extended conductor.
  • the antenna according to appendix 4 or 5 wherein The shape of the split ring conductor is a shape having a plurality of long sides in a direction parallel to the surface of the reflecting plate on the side where the antenna element is disposed.
  • the split portion is provided near the center of the first longitudinal side of the split ring conductor;
  • the antenna is characterized in that the connection conductor is electrically connected near the center of the second longitudinal side of the split ring conductor.
  • (Appendix 7) The antenna according to any one of appendices 4 to 6, wherein the first dielectric is formed only in the split portion.
  • (Appendix 8) The antenna according to any one of appendices 4 to 6, wherein the first dielectric is formed only at one end in the longitudinal direction of the split portion and the split ring conductor.
  • (Appendix 9) The antenna according to any one of appendices 4 to 6, wherein the first dielectric is formed only at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the split part and the split ring conductor.
  • the antenna according to appendix 10 wherein The dielectric substrate further comprises at least one of a second split ring conductor and a second connection conductor on a layer different from the layer on which the split ring conductor and the connection conductor are disposed, At least one of a plurality of conductor vias that electrically connect the split ring conductor and the second split ring conductor, and a plurality of conductor vias that electrically connect the connection conductor and the second connection conductor.
  • the antenna according to appendix 11, comprising a plurality of the split ring conductors electrically connected by the plurality of conductor vias and disposed in different layers of the dielectric substrate, Of the split ring conductors, only those disposed in the inner layer of the dielectric substrate have conductor portions that are closely opposed to each other in the split portion, and are further disposed in the surface layer of the dielectric substrate.
  • the antenna element is a dipole antenna element, and the first dielectric is formed at a position where two conductors constituting the dipole antenna element face each other and at the respective tips of the two conductors. 4.
  • the antenna according to any one of 3. (Appendix 14) 14.
  • An antenna comprising the antenna element according to any one of appendices 1 to 13, wherein the thickness of the first dielectric is 2 mm or less.
  • Appendix 16 An antenna comprising the antenna element according to any one of appendices 4 to 15, An array antenna comprising a plurality of the antenna elements arranged in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array on the reflector.
  • Appendix 17 A wireless communication apparatus comprising at least one antenna according to any one of appendices 1 to 16.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément d'antenne résistant à la perte de performance électrique même lorsque des gouttelettes d'eau sont fixées à celui-ci. L'élément d'antenne de la présente invention comprend une partie conductrice et est caractérisé en ce que, à un emplacement sur une surface de la partie conductrice dans laquelle l'intensité de champ pendant le fonctionnement est plus forte que dans d'autres emplacements, un premier diélectrique ayant une épaisseur non inférieure à 0,005 λ est formé, λ étant la longueur d'onde de vide des ondes électromagnétiques d'une fréquence de fonctionnement d'antenne.
PCT/JP2019/018915 2018-05-16 2019-05-13 Antenne, antenne réseau et dispositif de communication sans fil WO2019221054A1 (fr)

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JP2020519620A JPWO2019221054A1 (ja) 2018-05-16 2019-05-13 アンテナ、アレイアンテナ及び無線通信装置
US17/052,932 US20210328335A1 (en) 2018-05-16 2019-05-13 Antenna, array antenna, and wireless communication device

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US11715887B2 (en) * 2021-01-28 2023-08-01 Wistron Neweb Corporation Antenna array device and antenna unit thereof

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JP2008167393A (ja) * 2006-12-04 2008-07-17 Toshiba Corp 表面実装型アンテナ装置
JP2009130620A (ja) * 2007-11-22 2009-06-11 Yagi Antenna Co Ltd アンテナ給電装置
WO2017086377A1 (fr) * 2015-11-19 2017-05-26 日本電気株式会社 Dispositif de communication sans fil

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