WO2019218472A1 - 一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机 - Google Patents

一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019218472A1
WO2019218472A1 PCT/CN2018/097433 CN2018097433W WO2019218472A1 WO 2019218472 A1 WO2019218472 A1 WO 2019218472A1 CN 2018097433 W CN2018097433 W CN 2018097433W WO 2019218472 A1 WO2019218472 A1 WO 2019218472A1
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Prior art keywords
rotor
sliding bearing
radial
compressor
female
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PCT/CN2018/097433
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邢子文
王闯
卢家伦
田雅芬
张震
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西安交通大学
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Priority to US16/607,077 priority Critical patent/US20210348609A1/en
Publication of WO2019218472A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019218472A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/12—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C18/14—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C18/16—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/02—Lubrication; Lubricant separation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/20—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/50—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/50—Bearings
    • F04C2240/54—Hydrostatic or hydrodynamic bearing assemblies specially adapted for rotary positive displacement pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/50—Bearings
    • F04C2240/56—Bearing bushings or details thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/02—Lubrication; Lubricant separation
    • F04C29/023—Lubricant distribution through a hollow driving shaft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of screw compressors, and in particular to a screw compressor using a sliding bearing.
  • the screw compressor generally has a body, and an intermeshing helical male and female rotors arranged in parallel in the body, that is, a screw rotor.
  • the male rotor and the female rotor need to be supported by the bearings mounted in the body, so that the projecting shafts are generally provided on both sides of the female and male rotors and fitted to the bearings.
  • the screw compressor is not provided with a protruding shaft on the end faces of the female and male rotors to mount the bearing, but the suction end face and the exhaust end face of the male rotor and the female rotor respectively.
  • a recessed hole is provided as a bearing chamber and a rolling bearing is disposed in the bearing chamber to support the screw rotor.
  • Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei 7-279868 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei 7-279868.
  • the screw compressor described in Patent Document 1 has a configuration in which a suction side extension shaft and an exhaust side extension shaft that form a part of the body enter the rolling bearing supported in the recessed hole bearing chambers of the male rotor and the female rotor, respectively. The male and female rotors are supported by these rolling bearings.
  • Screw compressors are widely used in various industrial sectors such as refrigeration, power, chemical, machinery, etc., and have a high market share, but the cost of screw compressors is high, which limits the expansion of the market share of screw compressors.
  • Screw compressors generally use rolling bearings to support the screw rotor, but the cost of the rolling bearing is high, and it is not suitable for a screw compressor in which the bearing lubricant and the compressor liquid medium are the same liquid.
  • the shape of the screw rotor is large, and it is easy to cause the female and male rotors to be stuck.
  • the present invention provides a screw compressor using a sliding bearing.
  • the compressor includes a body, a screw rotor, and a sliding support structure for supporting the screw rotor in the machine body, the suction end surface of the screw rotor or/and the exhaust end surface is provided with a recessed hole, and the sliding support structure includes a a radial sliding bearing in the recessed hole coaxially rotating with the screw rotor, or the sliding bearing structure comprises a radial sliding bearing with the concave hole as a bearing bush; the suction side or/and the exhaust side of the body are arranged There is a body extending shaft engaged with the corresponding radial sliding bearing, and a radial gap is left between the body extension shaft and the radial sliding bearing at the fitting position, the radial gap and the lubricant inlet disposed on the body
  • the piston rotor is internally provided with a passage through which the rotor cavity between the body and the screw rotor communicates with the recessed hole, and the lubricant lubricating the bearing enters the rotor cavity through the passage
  • the body extension shaft is provided with a liquid supply tank that communicates with the radial gap and the lubricant inlet respectively.
  • the sliding support structure comprises a male rotor suction side radial sliding bearing, a female rotor suction side radial sliding bearing, and a female rotor exhaust side radial sliding bearing, and the male rotor suction end face of the compressor, a concave hole for fixing the corresponding radial sliding bearing is respectively disposed on the suction end surface of the female rotor of the compressor and the exhaust end surface, or the suction end surface of the male rotor of the compressor, the suction end surface of the cathode rotor of the compressor, and the row
  • a recessed hole as a bearing pad corresponding to the radial sliding bearing is respectively disposed on the gas end surface, and a body extending shaft that cooperates with the corresponding radial sliding bearing is respectively disposed on the suction side and the exhaust side of the air body.
  • the sliding support structure further includes a thrust sliding bearing disposed in a recessed hole of the suction end surface of the screw rotor (the female rotor and the male rotor) (the male rotor suction side thrust sliding bearing and the female rotor suction side stop) Pushing the sliding bearing), the thrust sliding bearing cooperates with the thrust surface provided at the bottom of the recessed hole, and the thrust surface bears the axial force of the screw rotor together with the thrust sliding bearing.
  • a thrust sliding bearing disposed in a recessed hole of the suction end surface of the screw rotor (the female rotor and the male rotor) (the male rotor suction side thrust sliding bearing and the female rotor suction side stop) Pushing the sliding bearing), the thrust sliding bearing cooperates with the thrust surface provided at the bottom of the recessed hole, and the thrust surface bears the axial force of the screw rotor together with the thrust sliding bearing.
  • the thrust sliding bearing is connected to an end surface of the extension shaft of the body in the recessed hole, or the thrust sliding bearing is directly processed on the end surface.
  • the passage comprises an axial passage disposed in the male and female rotors of the compressor and connected to the recess of the corresponding end face, and a radial passage disposed in the male and female rotors of the compressor, radial One end of the passage is connected to the axial passage and the other end is connected to the rotor cavity.
  • the number of the radial passages is set according to lubrication and sealing requirements in the rotor cavity, and the radial passages are disposed at a position corresponding to a corresponding pressure in the rotor cavity according to the required discharge flow rate; the axial passages and the recessed holes The bottom is connected, and the axial passage extends in the axial direction of the male and female rotors.
  • the sliding support structure further comprises a male rotor exhaust side radial sliding bearing that cooperates with one end of the compressor's male rotor extending from the body (for example, the male rotor protruding shaft on the exhaust side), the male rotor
  • the exhaust side radial sliding bearing is fixed to the exhaust side of the body.
  • the invention simplifies the structure of the screw compressor and reduces the manufacturing cost of the screw compressor by providing a radial sliding bearing in the concave hole of the end face of the screw rotor or directly using the concave hole as the bearing bush of the radial sliding bearing.
  • the invention can be used as a cooling duct of a screw rotor by providing a passage structure in a screw rotor, and can also be used as a lubricant return passage of a sliding bearing, and can also be used as a spray pipe of a rotor cavity to cool, lubricate, seal and lower.
  • the combination of various functions such as noise not only avoids large meshing clearance and exhaust end gap, but also improves the performance of the compressor.
  • the concave holes are provided on the end faces of the male rotor and the female rotor, the bearing pads of the radial sliding bearing are fitted together or the concave holes are directly provided as the bearing pads of the radial sliding bearing, and the suction side of the body is arranged.
  • the extension shaft is connected with the thrust sliding bearing or the thrust bearing is directly processed on the end surface, and the rolling bearing is used to support the rotor, which simplifies the structure of the compressor, improves the bearing capacity of the bearing, and reduces the space occupied by the compressor and the cost. Especially suitable for occasions where space is limited.
  • the present invention simplifies the liquid return structure of the sliding bearing by providing the axial and radial passages in the male rotor and the female rotor as the return passage of the sliding bearing lubricant. At the same time, it can cool the rotor, reduce the deformation of the rotor caused by temperature, prevent the rotor from being stuck in a given gap, and improve the reliability of the screw compressor.
  • the radial passage provided in the anode rotor and the female rotor of the present invention is equivalent to the spray pipe of the rotor cavity, and can function to cool the compression medium, lubricate the rotor and seal the rotor cavity, and improve the performance of the screw compressor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a screw compressor using a sliding bearing in Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a screw compressor using a sliding bearing in Embodiment 2;
  • a screw compressor includes a machine body, a screw rotor (including the meshing female rotor 9 and the male rotor 5 disposed in parallel in the machine body), a male rotor suction side radial sliding bearing 3, and a male rotor suctioning.
  • Side thrust sliding bearing 4 male rotor exhaust side radial sliding bearing 7, female rotor suction side radial sliding bearing 15, female rotor suction side thrust sliding bearing 14 and female rotor exhaust side radial sliding bearing 10 .
  • the air body includes a cylinder block 2 and an intake end cover 1 and an exhaust end cover 6 on the suction and exhaust sides respectively connected to the cylinder block 2.
  • the exhaust end surface of the male rotor 5 has a male rotor extending from the body.
  • the suction end surface of the male rotor 5, the suction end surface of the female rotor 9 and the exhaust end surface are respectively provided with fixed radial sliding bearings (the male rotor suction side radial sliding bearing 3, the female rotor suction side diameter) a concave hole for the sliding bearing 15 and the female rotor exhaust side radial sliding bearing 10), and the inner side surface of the suction end cover 1 and the exhaust end cover 6 are fixed with a radial sliding bearing in the corresponding recessed hole
  • the suction side and the exhaust side body extend out of the shaft, and the end surface of the suction side body extending shaft is provided with a thrust sliding bearing (positive with the thrust surface 13 at the bottom of the corresponding recessed hole).
  • the rotor suction side thrust sliding bearing 4 and the female rotor suction side thrust sliding bearing 14 are not in contact with the radial sliding bearing in the same recessed hole).
  • the inner rotor axial passage 12 of the female rotor 9 and the male rotor 5 respectively communicate with the concave hole in the axial direction, and the inner radial passage 11 of the rotor is opened in the radial direction, and the radial passage 11 in the rotor and the axial passage in the rotor 12 communicates and extends to the rotor cavity.
  • Each of the body extension shafts is provided with a sliding bearing supply tank 18, and the body extension shaft opens the organic suction end radial passage 17 at the position of the sliding bearing supply tank 18, and is inward from the outer surface of the suction and exhaust end covers.
  • the axial passage 16 of the suction end of the body is connected to the radial passage 17 of the suction end of the body.
  • the sliding bearing supply tank 18, the body suction end radial passage 17 and the axial passage integrally serve as a lubricant supply line for the sliding bearing.
  • the clean, higher pressure and lower temperature lubricant enters the corresponding radial sliding bearing clearance through the supply line (ie, the radial gap between the bearing bush and the extended shaft of the body), after lubricating the radial sliding bearing, part of it is sucked through the rotor
  • the exhaust end gap enters the rotor cavity, and the other part flows through the thrust sliding bearing (or directly) through the thrust surface into the inner axial passage 12 of the rotor and the radial passage 11 in the rotor, and finally enters the rotor cavity. All lubricants eventually exit the compressor from the vent opening with the compressed medium.
  • the exhaust end cover 6 is provided with a bearing chamber, and the male rotor extension shaft cooperates with the anode rotor exhaust side radial sliding bearing 7 disposed in the bearing chamber, and the bearing chamber is provided with a liquid inlet hole (lubricant inlet) for lubrication
  • the agent enters the bearing chamber of the anode sliding side radial sliding bearing 7 through the liquid inlet hole, and enters the radial sliding bearing gap between the bearing chamber seal 8 and the bearing groove of the male rotor exhaust side radial sliding bearing 7 After lubricating the radial sliding bearing, it enters the rotor cavity through the anode rotor exhaust end gap or another pipeline.
  • a screw compressor has a male rotor suction side radial sliding bearing 3, a male rotor suction side thrust sliding bearing 4, and a female rotor exhaust side radial sliding bearing eliminated as compared with the first embodiment. 10.
  • the concave holes of the suction end faces of the female and male rotors directly serve as the bearing pads of the radial sliding bearing and the extension shaft of the suction side body, and the bottom surface of the suction side body is directly machined out and the bottom surface of the concave hole
  • the thrust sliding bearing that functions together (the thrust surface), the recessed hole of the exhaust end surface of the female rotor is also directly matched as the bearing bush of the radial sliding bearing and the extension shaft of the exhaust side body.
  • the screw compressor disclosed in the present invention adopts a radial sliding bearing and a thrust sliding bearing structure in the female and male rotors, and does not need to use a rolling bearing structure to support the rotor, which simplifies the structure of the compressor and reduces the compressor.
  • the space and cost are especially suitable for occasions where space is limited.
  • the cooling lubrication duct ie, the axial passage and the radial passage in the rotor
  • the lubrication passage of the sliding bearing ie, the lubricant supply line
  • the cooling lubrication pipe provided in the anode rotor and the female rotor is equivalent to the injection pipe which increases the rotor cavity, and can function to cool the compression medium, lubricate the rotor and seal the rotor cavity, and improve the performance of the screw compressor.
  • the invention is applicable to all screw compressors in which the bearing lubricant and the liquid spray medium of the compressor are the same liquid, such as oil-injected screw compressor, water-lubricated screw air compressor, water-lubricated steam screw compressor, refrigerant-lubricated refrigeration Compressor and liquid process medium cooling and lubricating process gas compressors, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Abstract

一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机，包括阴转子（9）和阳转子（5），阳转子（5）的吸气端面、阴转子（9）的吸、排气端面上分别设置有凹孔，凹孔内设置有嵌入阴转子（9）的凹孔内的阴转子排气侧径向滑动轴承（10）、阴转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承（15），及嵌入阳转子（5）凹孔内的阳转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承（3），吸气侧伸出轴的端面上设置有阴、阳转子吸气侧止推滑动轴承（14、4），阴、阳转子在轴心方向上开设与凹孔连通的转子内轴向通道（12），在径向上开设与所述轴心方向的通道连通并延伸至转子腔的转子内径向通道（11）。通过采用位于阴、阳转子（9、5）内部的滑动轴承，简化了压缩机的结构，减少了压缩机的占用空间以及成本。此外，在阳、阴转子（9、5）内设置的通道简化了滑动轴承的回液结构，同时可以对转子起到冷却作用，减少转子由温度引起的形变量，提高螺杆压缩机的可靠性和性能。

Description

一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机 技术领域
本发明涉及螺杆压缩机领域，特别涉及一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机。
背景技术
螺杆压缩机一般具有机体，以及在机体中平行配置着的相互啮合的螺旋形阳转子和阴转子，即螺杆转子。阳转子和阴转子需要由安装在机体内的轴承支承着旋转，因此一般在阴、阳转子两侧设置有伸出轴并与轴承嵌合。
目前还存在另一种不同结构的螺杆压缩机，该螺杆压缩机并不是在阴、阳转子端面设置伸出轴来安装轴承，而是在阳转子和阴转子的吸气端面和排气端面分别设置凹孔作为轴承室并在轴承室内设置滚动轴承以支承螺杆转子。例如，参考专利文献1：日本特开平7-279868号公报。专利文献1中记载的螺杆压缩机的结构，采用构成机体的一部分的吸气侧伸出轴和排气侧伸出轴分别进入阳转子和阴转子的凹孔轴承室中支承着的滚动轴承中，并以这些滚动轴承支承着阳转子和阴转子。
螺杆压缩机广泛应用于制冷、动力、化工、机械等各种工业部门，在市场中的占有率很高，但螺杆压缩机的造价较高，限制了螺杆压缩机市场占有率的扩大。螺杆压缩机一般采用滚动轴承以支承螺杆转子，但滚动轴承的造价较高，而且不适用于轴承润滑剂与压缩机喷液介质为同一种液体的螺杆压缩机。此外，在螺杆压缩机中螺杆转子温度高的场合，如水蒸气螺杆压缩机，螺杆转子的形变量较大，容易造成阴、阳转子卡死。为了防止阴、阳转子卡死，一般设置较大的啮合间隙以及排气端面间隙，从而导致螺杆压缩机性能降低。因此，需要降低螺杆转子的温度和螺杆转子的形变量，从而减少螺杆压缩机性能的降低。
发明内容
为了降低压缩机生产成本并解决高温场合下螺杆转子的形变量大的问题，本发明提供一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用了以下技术方案：
该压缩机包括机体、螺杆转子以及用于将螺杆转子支撑于机体内的滑动支承结构，所述螺杆转子的吸气端面或/和排气端面上设置有凹孔，滑动支承结构包括设置于所述凹孔内的与螺杆转子同轴转动的径向滑动轴承，或者，所述滑动支承结构包括以所述凹孔作为轴瓦的径向滑动轴承；机体吸气侧或/和排气侧上设置有与对应径向滑动轴承嵌合的机体伸出轴，机体伸出轴和径向滑动轴承之间于嵌合位置处留有径向间隙，该径向间隙与设置 于机体上的润滑剂进口相连通；螺杆转子内部设置有通道，机体与螺杆转子之间的转子腔通过该通道与凹孔相连通，润滑过轴承的润滑剂通过该通道进入转子腔。
优选的，所述机体伸出轴上设置有与所述径向间隙以及润滑剂进口分别连通的供液槽。
优选的，所述滑动支承结构包括阳转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承、阴转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承以及阴转子排气侧径向滑动轴承，所述压缩机的阳转子吸气端面、压缩机的阴转子吸气端面以及排气端面上分别设置有用于固定对应径向滑动轴承的凹孔，或者，所述压缩机的阳转子吸气端面、压缩机的阴转子吸气端面以及排气端面上分别设置有作为对应径向滑动轴承的轴瓦的凹孔，机体的吸气侧及排气侧上分别设置有与对应径向滑动轴承配合的机体伸出轴。
优选的，所述滑动支承结构还包括设置于螺杆转子(阴转子以及阳转子)吸气端面的凹孔内的止推滑动轴承(阳转子吸气侧止推滑动轴承以及阴转子吸气侧止推滑动轴承)，止推滑动轴承与其所在凹孔的底部设置的止推面相配合，止推面与止推滑动轴承一起承受螺杆转子轴向力。
优选的，所述止推滑动轴承与其所在凹孔内的机体伸出轴的端面相连，或者所述止推滑动轴承直接加工于该端面上。
优选的，所述通道包括设置于压缩机的阳转子和阴转子内的与对应端面的凹孔相连的轴向通道，以及设置于压缩机的阳转子和阴转子内的径向通道，径向通道的一端与轴向通道相连，另一端与转子腔相连通。
优选的，所述径向通道的数量根据转子腔内的润滑和密封要求设置，径向通道根据所需喷液流量设置喷向转子腔内对应压力的位置；所述轴向通道与凹孔的底部相连，轴向通道沿阴、阳转子轴心方向延伸。
优选的，所述滑动支承结构还包括与压缩机的阳转子伸出机体的一端(例如，位于排气侧的阳转子伸出轴)相配合的阳转子排气侧径向滑动轴承，阳转子排气侧径向滑动轴承固定在机体的排气侧上。
本发明的有益效果体现在：
本发明通过在螺杆转子端面的凹孔内设置径向滑动轴承或者以凹孔直接作为径向滑动轴承的轴瓦，既简化了螺杆压缩机的结构，又降低了螺杆压缩机制造成本。本发明通过设置位于螺杆转子内的通道结构，即可以作为螺杆转子的冷却管道，同时可以作为滑动轴承的润滑剂返回通道，还可以作为转子腔的喷液管道，将降温、润滑、密封及降噪等多种功能有机结合，不仅避免了较大的啮合间隙以及排气端面间隙，而且提高了压缩机的性能。
进一步的，本发明由于在阳转子和阴转子端面设置凹孔，与径向滑动轴承的轴瓦嵌合在一起或设置凹孔直接作为径向滑动轴承的轴瓦，并使机体的吸气侧上设置的伸出轴与止推滑动轴承相连或在端面直接加工止推滑动轴承，无需使用滚动轴承支承转子，显著简化了压缩机的结构，提高了轴承承载能力，减少了压缩机的占用空间以及成本，尤为适合对占地空间有限制的场合。
进一步的，本发明通过在阳转子和阴转子内设置位于轴心和径向的通道作为滑动轴承润滑剂的返回通道，简化了滑动轴承的回液结构。同时可以对转子起到冷却作用，减少转子由温度引起的形变量，防止转子在给定间隙内卡死，提高螺杆压缩机的可靠性。
进一步的，本发明在阳转子和阴转子内设置的径向通道相当于转子腔的喷液管道，可以起到冷却压缩介质、润滑转子和密封转子腔的作用，提高螺杆压缩机的性能。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机结构示意图；
图2为实施例2中采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机结构示意图；
图中：1-吸气端盖；2-气缸体；3-阳转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承；4-阳转子吸气侧止推滑动轴承；5-阳转子；6-排气端盖；7-阳转子排气侧径向滑动轴承；8-密封；9-阴转子；10-阴转子排气侧径向滑动轴承；11-转子内径向通道；12-转子内轴向通道；13-转子内止推面；14-阴转子吸气侧止推滑动轴承；15-阴转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承；16-机体吸气端轴向通道；17-机体吸气端径向通道；18-滑动轴承供液槽。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步说明。以下实施例仅用于对本发明进行解释说明，而非对本发明的限定。
实施例1
参见图1，一种螺杆压缩机，包括机体、螺杆转子(包括平行设置于机体内的相啮合的阴转子9和阳转子5)、阳转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承3、阳转子吸气侧止推滑动轴承4、阳转子排气侧径向滑动轴承7、阴转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承15、阴转子吸气侧止推滑动轴承14以及阴转子排气侧径向滑动轴承10。所述机体包括气缸体2以及与气缸体2分别相连的位于吸、排气侧的吸气端盖1、排气端盖6，阳转子5的排气端面具有伸出机体的阳转子伸出轴。所述阳转子5的吸气端面、阴转子9的吸气端面和排气端面上分别设置有用于固定对应径向滑动轴承(阳转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承3、阴转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承15和阴转子排气侧径向滑动轴承10)的凹孔，所述吸气端盖1、排气端盖6内侧表面上固定 有与对应凹孔内的径向滑动轴承配合的吸气侧、排气侧机体伸出轴，吸气侧机体伸出轴的端面设置有与对应凹孔底部处的止推面(即转子内止推面13)配合的止推滑动轴承(阳转子吸气侧止推滑动轴承4和阴转子吸气侧止推滑动轴承14，不与同一凹孔内的径向滑动轴承接触)。所述阴转子9、阳转子5内分别在轴心方向上开设与凹孔连通的转子内轴向通道12，在径向上开设转子内径向通道11，转子内径向通道11与转子内轴向通道12连通并延伸至转子腔。
各机体伸出轴上设置有滑动轴承供液槽18，机体伸出轴在滑动轴承供液槽18位置处开设有机体吸气端径向通道17，并从吸、排气端盖外侧表面向内开设机体吸气端轴向通道16与机体吸气端径向通道17连通。滑动轴承供液槽18、机体吸气端径向通道17和轴向通道整体作为滑动轴承的润滑剂供给管路。洁净的、较高压且较低温的润滑剂通过供给管路进入对应径向滑动轴承间隙(即轴瓦与机体伸出轴之间的径向间隙)，润滑过径向滑动轴承之后，一部分通过转子吸、排气端面间隙进入转子腔内，另一部分流经止推滑动轴承之后(或直接)经止推面进入转子内轴向通道12和转子内径向通道11，最后进入转子腔内。所有润滑剂最后随压缩介质从排气孔口排出压缩机。
排气端盖6上设置有轴承室，阳转子伸出轴与设置于轴承室内的阳转子排气侧径向滑动轴承7相配合，轴承室上开设有进液孔(润滑剂进口)，润滑剂通过进液孔进入阳转子排气侧径向滑动轴承7的轴承室，于轴承室密封8与阳转子排气侧径向滑动轴承7的轴瓦之间的空隙进入该径向滑动轴承间隙，润滑过该径向滑动轴承后通过阳转子排气端面间隙或另设管路进入转子腔内。
实施例2
参见图2，一种螺杆压缩机，与实施例1相比，取消了阳转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承3、阳转子吸气侧止推滑动轴承4、阴转子排气侧径向滑动轴承10、阴转子吸气侧止推滑动轴承14，以及阴转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承15。在本实施例中，阴、阳转子吸气端面的凹孔直接作为径向滑动轴承的轴瓦与吸气侧机体伸出轴配合，吸气侧机体伸出轴端面上直接加工出与凹孔底面(止推面)一起发挥作用的止推滑动轴承，阴转子排气端面的凹孔也是直接作为径向滑动轴承的轴瓦与排气侧机体伸出轴配合。
总之，本发明公开的螺杆压缩机，采用了位于阴、阳转子内的径向滑动轴承和止推滑动轴承结构，无需使用滚动轴承结构支撑转子，显著简化了压缩机的结构，减少了压缩机的占用空间以及成本，尤为适合对占地空间有限制的场合。此外，因为在阳转子和阴转子内设置了与滑动轴承润滑通道(即润滑剂供给管路)连接的冷却润滑管道(即转子内轴向 通道和径向通道)，进一步简化了滑动轴承的回液结构。同时可以对转子起到冷却作用，减少转子由温度引起的形变量，防止转子在给定间隙内卡死，提高螺杆压缩机的可靠性。最后，在阳转子和阴转子内设置的冷却润滑管道还相当于增加了转子腔的喷液管道，可以起到冷却压缩介质、润滑转子和密封转子腔的作用，提高螺杆压缩机的性能。
本发明适用于轴承润滑剂与压缩机喷液介质为同一种液体的所有螺杆压缩机，如喷油螺杆压缩机、水润滑螺杆空压机、水润滑水蒸气螺杆压缩机、制冷剂润滑的制冷压缩机和液态工艺介质冷却润滑的工艺气体压缩机等。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机，其特征在于：该压缩机包括机体、螺杆转子以及用于将螺杆转子支撑于机体内的滑动支承结构，所述滑动支承结构包括设置于螺杆转子的吸气端面或/和排气端面上的凹孔内的与螺杆转子同轴转动的径向滑动轴承，或者，所述滑动支承结构包括作为径向滑动轴承的轴瓦的位于螺杆转子的吸气端面或/和排气端面上的凹孔；机体吸气侧或/和排气侧上设置有与对应径向滑动轴承嵌合的机体伸出轴，机体伸出轴和径向滑动轴承于嵌合位置处留有径向间隙，该径向间隙与设置于机体上的润滑剂进口相连通；螺杆转子内部设置有通道，机体与螺杆转子之间的转子腔通过该通道与所述凹孔相连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机，其特征在于：所述机体伸出轴上设置有与所述径向间隙以及润滑剂进口分别连通的供液槽。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机，其特征在于：所述滑动支承结构包括阳转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承(3)、阴转子吸气侧径向滑动轴承(15)以及阴转子排气侧径向滑动轴承(10)，所述压缩机的阳转子吸气端面、压缩机的阴转子吸气端面以及排气端面上分别设置有用于固定对应径向滑动轴承的凹孔，或者，所述压缩机的阳转子吸气端面、压缩机的阴转子吸气端面以及排气端面上分别设置有作为对应径向滑动轴承的轴瓦的凹孔，机体的吸气侧及排气侧上分别设置有与对应径向滑动轴承配合的机体伸出轴。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机，其特征在于：所述滑动支承结构还包括设置于螺杆转子吸气端面的凹孔内的止推滑动轴承，止推滑动轴承与设置于该止推滑动轴承所在凹孔的底部的止推面相配合。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机，其特征在于：所述止推滑动轴承与该止推滑动轴承所在凹孔内的机体伸出轴的端面相连，或者所述止推滑动轴承直接加工于该端面上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机，其特征在于：所述通道包括设置于压缩机的阳转子和阴转子内的与对应端面的凹孔相连的轴向通道，以及设置于压缩机的阳转子和阴转子内的径向通道，径向通道的一端与轴向通道相连，另一端与转子腔相连通。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机，其特征在于：所述径向通道的数量根据转子腔内的润滑和密封要求设置，径向通道的转子腔侧开口的位置根据径向通道的喷液流量确定；所述轴向通道与凹孔的底部相连，并沿轴心方向延伸。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述一种采用滑动轴承的螺杆压缩机，其特征在于：所述滑动支承结构还包括与压缩机的阳转子伸出机体的一端相配合的径向滑动轴承，该径向滑动轴承固定在机体的排气侧上。
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