WO2019214558A1 - 有刷永磁微电机及其装配方法 - Google Patents

有刷永磁微电机及其装配方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019214558A1
WO2019214558A1 PCT/CN2019/085597 CN2019085597W WO2019214558A1 WO 2019214558 A1 WO2019214558 A1 WO 2019214558A1 CN 2019085597 W CN2019085597 W CN 2019085597W WO 2019214558 A1 WO2019214558 A1 WO 2019214558A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brush
stator bracket
permanent magnet
bracket
assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/085597
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡建坤
黄永奎
Original Assignee
Hu Jiankun
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hu Jiankun filed Critical Hu Jiankun
Priority to EP19800077.0A priority Critical patent/EP3787153B1/en
Priority to US17/052,525 priority patent/US11329523B2/en
Priority to JP2020563410A priority patent/JP7033810B2/ja
Publication of WO2019214558A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019214558A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H02K1/187—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to inner stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
    • H02K13/006—Structural associations of commutators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
    • H02K13/10—Arrangements of brushes or commutators specially adapted for improving commutation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • H02K15/03—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/12—Impregnating, heating or drying of windings, stators, rotors or machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/14—Means for supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders
    • H02K5/143—Means for supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders for cooperation with commutators
    • H02K5/145—Fixedly supported brushes or brush holders, e.g. leaf or leaf-mounted brushes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/173—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
    • H02K5/1737—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings radially supporting the rotor around a fixed spindle; radially supporting the rotor directly

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a motor structure, and more particularly to a structure of a brushed permanent magnet micromotor.
  • a typical brushed permanent magnet micromotor generally consists of a magnetically conductive metal casing, a rotor, and a rear end cover.
  • the casing is embedded with a bearing and a permanent magnet.
  • the cross section of the casing is a circular or concentric arc plus a parallel symmetry line.
  • the rotor is composed of a shaft, a core and a winding group, a commutator, and a rear end cover.
  • the brush is generally an elastic brush or an elastic conductive piece embedded with a graphite block, and is fixed on a conductive bracket embedded in the rear end cover.
  • the bearings embedded in the casing and the back cover are generally oil-impregnated bearings, which are powder metallurgy parts. When tightly fitted into the casing, the inner hole is deformed and contracted. When the rotor shaft of the micromotor is installed in the rear cover bearing, since the distance between the two brushes is smaller than the outer diameter of the commutator, two brushes are first opened, and then loosened after being loaded, and the brush is elastically deformed and pressed. On the commutator; then the rotor and rear end cap assembly is quickly loaded into the casing, and the front end of the rotor shaft is loaded into the casing bearing. The final case and the rear end cover are fixed. The casing and the rear end cover must be tightly fitted with the embedded bearing, the rear end cover must be tightly fitted with the inserting brush, and the process of disassembling the brush during installation affects the assembly efficiency and increases the assembly cost.
  • the present application provides a novel brushed permanent magnet micro-motor and an assembly method thereof for improving the assembly efficiency and structural consistency of the micro-motor.
  • the present application provides a brushed permanent magnet micro-motor, comprising:
  • a mover assembly comprising a motor shaft and a core winding, a commutator and a bearing mounted on the motor shaft, the bearing being two, respectively located on both sides of the core winding;
  • stator assembly including an upper stator bracket, a lower stator bracket, and permanent magnets, a magnetic conductive member and a brush mounted on the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket;
  • the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket each have a motor shaft and an iron a half-matched recess of the core winding, the bearing and the commutator and a brush mounting position for mounting the brush, the upper and lower stator brackets being arranged to interface with a plane passing through the centerline of the motor shaft
  • the recessed portions of the stator bracket and the lower stator bracket are combined to form a complete mounting cavity for mounting a motor shaft, a core winding, a bearing and a commutator, and the mover assembly is installed in the mounting cavity;
  • the permanent magnet is mounted on the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket for generating a magnetic field
  • the magnetic conductive members are respectively mounted on the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket, and are vertically symmetric, correspondingly forming a closed magnetic frame for conducting a magnetic field;
  • the brush is mounted at the brush mounting position and is in contact with the commutator of the mover assembly.
  • the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket respectively have a brush pressing position, and the brush pressing position is used to cooperate with the brush mounting position of the other side and press Pressing the brush
  • the brush includes a top brush and a lower brush
  • the upper brush is mounted on the brush mounting position of the upper stator bracket
  • the lower brush is mounted on the brush mounting position of the lower stator bracket
  • the upper brush and the lower brush respectively protrude from the placement position of the commutator, so that when the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket are joined together, the upper brush and the lower brush can respectively abut the two of the commutator Side outer wall.
  • the brush mounting position is provided with at least one positioning protrusion, and the upper brush and the lower brush have positioning holes corresponding to the positioning protrusion, and the power is turned on.
  • the brush and the lower brush are respectively mounted on the corresponding positioning protrusions; the brush pressing position is provided with a pit corresponding to the positioning protrusion of the brush mounting position.
  • the positioning protrusion is one, and the positioning protrusion is staggered corresponding to a width center line setting of the brush;
  • the positioning protrusions are two or more, and the positioning protrusions are asymmetrically arranged with respect to a center line of a width of the corresponding brush.
  • the brush mounting position is a concave structure
  • the pressing brush position is a convex structure
  • the convex structure and the concave structure cooperate and press the corresponding electric power. brush.
  • the permanent magnet, the brush, the brush mounting position and the pressing brush position are symmetrically distributed at a center of the motor shaft center line.
  • the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket are respectively injection molded by an injection moldable material.
  • the permanent magnets are an even number, wherein half of the permanent magnets are disposed on the upper stator bracket, and the other half of the permanent magnets are disposed on the lower stator bracket; the magnetic conductive member
  • the upper magnetic conductive tile and the lower magnetic conductive tile are covered, and the upper magnetic conductive tile covers the outer side of the upper stator support and the corresponding permanent magnet, and the lower magnetic conductive tile covers the outer side of the lower stator support and the corresponding permanent magnet.
  • the upper magnetic conductive tile and the lower magnetic conductive tile are butted to form a closed magnetic conductive frame.
  • the brushed permanent magnet micro-motor is a swing motor, and the motor shaft is fixed with a spring piece, and the other end of the spring piece is fixed on the upper stator bracket or the lower stator bracket.
  • the present application provides a method of assembling a brushed permanent magnet micromotor according to any of the above, comprising:
  • the iron core and the commutator are mounted on the motor shaft, and then the winding of the wire package is wound on the iron core to form a core winding, and the winding wire is welded on the commutator, and then the two bearings are slidably fitted to the motor shaft. Forming a mover component;
  • the permanent magnet and the magnetic conductive member are respectively mounted on the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket, and then the brushes are respectively placed on the brush mounting positions of the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket to form the upper stator assembly and the lower stator assembly;
  • the upper stator assembly and the lower stator assembly are assembled and fixed so that the mover assembly is located in the complete mounting cavity.
  • the brushed permanent magnet micromotor shown in the present application has an upper stator bracket and a lower stator bracket which are designed to be combined, and the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket respectively have half matching with the motor shaft, the iron core winding, the bearing and the commutator.
  • the recessed portion of the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket are combined to form a complete mounting cavity for mounting the motor shaft, the core winding, the bearing, and the commutator.
  • the structure makes the micromotor and the commutator are mounted on the motor shaft, then winds the winding, and winds the winding wire on the commutator, and then slides and fits the two bearings.
  • the permanent magnet and the magnetic guide are respectively mounted on the upper stator support and the lower stator support, and then the brushes are respectively placed on the brush mounting positions of the upper stator support and the lower stator support, and then The mover assembly is mounted in the recessed portion of the lower stator support, and finally the upper stator support and the lower stator support are assembled and fixed.
  • This structure makes the motor easy to install, there is no bearing tight fit, the brush tight fit and the brushing action, and the assembly can be quickly realized.
  • the two bearings are fixed or pressed on the same component to ensure their concentricity and coaxiality, and there is no central biasing force during assembly, there is no problem of nesting in the casing, and the assembly is simple.
  • the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket respectively have a brush pressing position, and the brush pressing position is used to cooperate with the brush mounting position of the other party and press the brush.
  • the brush is mounted on the brush mounting position and is fixed by the brush pressing position.
  • the brush protrudes from the placement position of the commutator, so that when the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket are assembled, the upper brush and the lower brush can respectively abut the outer walls of the two sides of the commutator, and no need to be turned on during installation.
  • the brush is installed, which greatly improves the assembly efficiency.
  • the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket are respectively combined with the housing of the motor application appliance, forming an integral with the electrical appliance housing, which can reduce the installation steps of the motor in the electrical appliance and improve assembly efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the appearance of a brushed permanent magnet micromotor according to a first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a brushed permanent magnet micromotor according to a first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a lower stator portion in a first embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the mounting of the mover assembly to the lower stator portion in the first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the appearance of a brushed permanent magnet micromotor according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a brushed permanent magnet micromotor in a second embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a lower stator portion in a second embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the second embodiment of the present application in which the mover assembly is mounted to the lower stator portion.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • This embodiment provides a brushed permanent magnet micromotor.
  • the brushed permanent magnet micro-motor includes a mover assembly 100 , an upper stator support 210 , a lower stator support 220 , a permanent magnet 300 , a magnetic conductive member 400 , and a brush 500 .
  • the mover assembly 100 includes a motor shaft 110 and a core winding 120, a bearing 130, and a commutator 140 mounted on the motor shaft 110.
  • the core winding 120 includes a core and a winding.
  • the commutator 140 is used to maintain an active connection with the brush 500 for transmitting electrical energy.
  • the commutator 140 is typically located at one end of the motor shaft 110 to facilitate contact with the brush 500.
  • the upper stator bracket 210, the lower stator bracket 220, the permanent magnet 300, the magnetic conductive member 400, and the brush 500 constitute a stator assembly.
  • the upper stator support 210 and the lower stator support 220 each have a recess matching half of the motor shaft 110, the core winding 120, the bearing 130, and the commutator 140 (only the recess of the lower stator bracket 220 is shown in the figure) 221), that is, the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 respectively have recessed portions whose shapes are matched with the motor shaft 110, the core winding 120, the bearing 130, and one half of the commutator 140, and the matching can be matched not only It is exactly the same shape, and it can be larger than half of these parts, so that these parts can be accommodated or fixed.
  • the recessed portions of the upper stator support 210 and the lower stator support 220 are combined to form a complete mounting cavity for mounting the motor shaft 110, the core winding 120, the bearing 130, and the commutator 140.
  • the motor shaft 110, the core winding 120, the bearing 130, and the commutator 140 are received within the mounting cavity, wherein the bearing 130 is secured within the mounting cavity.
  • the mover assembly 100 is supported by a bearing 130, and the motor shaft 110, the core winding 120, and the commutator 140 are rotatable under the action of a magnetic field.
  • the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 are each mounted with a permanent magnet 300 for generating a magnetic field that drives the rotation of the mover assembly 100.
  • the magnetically permeable member 400 is mounted on the upper stator support 210 and the lower stator support 220, and is butted to form a closed magnetic frame for conducting a magnetic field;
  • the brush 500 is fixedly disposed and is fixedly mountable to the upper stator support 210 and the lower stator support 220 and is in contact with the commutator 140 to transfer electrical energy during the rotation of the commutator 140.
  • the brushed permanent magnet micro-motor is mounted on the motor shaft 110 first, and then the winding of the wire package is wound on the iron core to form the core winding 120, and the winding is wound.
  • the outlet is welded to the commutator 140, and the two bearings 130 are slidably fitted to the motor shaft 110 to form the mover assembly 100.
  • the upper stator holder 210 and the lower stator holder 220 may be respectively mounted with the permanent magnet 300, the magnetic conductor 400, and the brush 500.
  • the mover assembly 100 is mounted into the recessed portion of the lower stator bracket 220, and finally the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 are assembled and fixed.
  • This structure makes the motor easy to install and enables quick assembly.
  • the two bearings 130 are fixed or pressed on the same component to ensure their concentricity and coaxiality. There is no central biasing force during assembly, there is no problem of embedding the casing, and the assembly is simple.
  • the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 may be nested correspondingly to each other through the groove bosses, or the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 may be fixed together by snapping or using fasteners to complete the assembly of the motor. .
  • the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 are disposed to interface with a plane passing through the center line of the motor shaft 110, and the permanent magnet 300, the brush 500, the brush mounting position, and the pressing brush.
  • the bits are symmetrically distributed in the center of the motor shaft centerline.
  • the brush 500 includes a top brush 510 and a lower brush 520.
  • the upper brush 510 is mounted on the upper stator bracket 210
  • the lower brush 520 is mounted on the lower stator bracket 220.
  • the upper brush 510 and the lower brush 520 respectively protrude from the placement position of the commutator 140, so that when the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 are joined together, the upper brush 510 and the lower brush 520 can respectively abut the commutation The outer walls of both sides of the device 140.
  • the commutator 140 is directly attached to the recess 221 of the lower stator holder 220, and the commutator 140 is naturally pressed against the lower brush 520.
  • the upper stator bracket 210 is correspondingly mounted to the lower stator bracket 220, and the upper upper brush 510 is naturally pressed against the other surface of the commutator 140 to complete the electrical connection.
  • the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 have a brush mounting location 222 and a compression brushing station 224, respectively.
  • the brush mounting position 222 is provided with at least one positioning protrusion (only the positioning protrusion 223 of the lower stator holder 220 is shown), and the upper brush 510 and the lower brush 520 have positioning corresponding to the positioning protrusion.
  • the holes are respectively mounted on the corresponding positioning protrusions.
  • the locating projections are used to position the brush 500 to prevent it from shifting during installation.
  • a recess 225 corresponding to the positioning projection in the brush mounting position 222 is disposed in the pressing brush position 224.
  • the positioning protrusions 223 are two or more, and the positioning protrusions 223 are asymmetrically arranged with respect to the center line of the width of the corresponding brush 500.
  • the width center line refers to a straight line passing through the midpoint in the width direction of the brush 500, and the width direction means a direction in which the lower brush 520 is narrow as shown in FIG. 2 (left-right direction as shown in FIG. 2).
  • the asymmetrically disposed brush 500 can act as a tamper-proof. If the lower brush 520 rotates the brush 500 by 180° with the center line as the center of rotation, the brush 500 cannot be mounted to the positioning protrusion 223 at this time.
  • the positioning protrusions may be one, and the positioning protrusions are offset from the width center line of the corresponding brush 500, so that the anti-backup effect can also be performed.
  • the brush mounting location 222 is a recessed structure.
  • the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 respectively have pressing brush positions 224 for mating with the brush mounting positions 222 of the counterpart, correspondingly to a raised structure.
  • FIGS. 2-4 only the raised structure 224 and the recessed structure 222 on the lower stator support 220 are shown.
  • the raised and recessed structures on the upper stator support 210 are the same as the lower stator support 220.
  • the raised structure and the recessed structure cooperate and compress the corresponding brush 500. This method is simple to assemble and can stably hold the brush 500.
  • the brush 500 is placed in the recessed structure, and is naturally pressed by the convex structure of the other half of the stator assembly during assembly.
  • the brush 500 is not inserted, and the brush is not used, and the brush 500 is not deformed, and the installation is simple.
  • the upper stator support 210 and the lower stator support 220 are respectively injection molded from a plastic material.
  • the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 made of plastic fix the bearing 130, and the plastic has a certain elasticity, and does not cause deformation and contraction of the bearing 130. In addition, the noise is naturally reduced and the life is extended.
  • the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 are injection molded from plastic to ensure uniformity of installation.
  • the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 are respectively combined with the housing of the motor application appliance, and form an integral body with the electrical appliance shell, thereby reducing the installation steps of the motor in the electrical appliance and improving Assembly efficiency and cost reduction of electrical appliances.
  • the permanent magnets 300 are an even number, wherein half of the permanent magnets 300 are disposed on the upper stator support 210 and the other half of the permanent magnets 300 are disposed on the lower stator support 220.
  • the permanent magnet 300 is four, which are respectively a pair of two, one set of permanent magnets 300 is mounted on the upper stator bracket 210, and the other set of permanent magnets 300 is mounted on the lower stator bracket 220, four
  • the permanent magnets are symmetrically distributed on the upper stator support 210 and the lower stator support 220 at the center of the motor shaft center line, and the magnetic poles of the central symmetrically corresponding permanent magnets have opposite polarities.
  • the permanent magnet 300 and the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 may be fixed by bonding or tight fitting.
  • the magnetic conductive member 400 includes an upper magnetic conductive tile and a lower magnetic conductive tile.
  • the upper magnetic conductive tile covers the outer side of the upper stator support 210 and the corresponding permanent magnet 300, and the lower magnetic conductive cover covers the lower stator.
  • the bracket 220 and the outer side of the corresponding permanent magnet 300 are butted to form a closed magnetically conductive frame.
  • the upper stator support 210 and the permanent magnet 300, the magnetically permeable member 400 and the upper brush 510 mounted thereon form an upper stator assembly
  • a lower stator support 220 and a permanent magnet 300 mounted thereon The magnetic member 400 and the lower brush 520 form a lower stator assembly.
  • the joint portion of the upper stator assembly and the lower stator assembly and the permanent magnet 300, the brush 500, and the magnetic conductive member 400 are respectively symmetric with respect to the center line of the motor shaft 110.
  • the permanent magnet 300 may also be fixed after the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 are joined together and then assembled to the joint of the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220.
  • the motor can be a rotating electrical machine or a swinging motor by arranging a plurality of different magnetic permanent magnets 300.
  • the motor shaft 110 is fixed with a spring piece 150, and the other end of the spring piece 150 is fixed on the lower stator bracket 220 (or the upper stator bracket 210). .
  • the upper stator support 210 and the lower stator support 220 form a flat sheet-like casing having a substantially hexagonal cross section.
  • the permanent magnets 300 are four and are distributed on the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 in two up and down manners.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • This embodiment provides another brushed permanent magnet micromotor.
  • the brushed permanent magnet micro-motor includes a mover assembly 100 , an upper stator support 210 , a lower stator support 220 , a permanent magnet 300 , a magnetic conductive member 400 , and a brush 500 .
  • the mover assembly 100 includes a motor shaft 110 and a core winding 120, a bearing 130, and a commutator 140 mounted on the motor shaft 110.
  • the core winding 120 includes a core and a winding.
  • the commutator 140 is used to maintain an active connection with the brush 500 for transmitting electrical energy.
  • the commutator 140 is typically located at one end of the motor shaft 110 to facilitate contact with the brush 500.
  • the upper stator bracket 210, the lower stator bracket 220, the permanent magnet 300, the magnetic conductive member 400, and the brush 500 constitute a stator assembly.
  • the upper stator support 210 and the lower stator support 220 each have a recess matching half of the motor shaft 110, the core winding 120, the bearing 130, and the commutator 140 (only the recess of the lower stator bracket 220 is shown in the figure) 221), that is, the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 respectively have recessed portions whose shapes are matched with the motor shaft 110, the core winding 120, the bearing 130, and one half of the commutator 140, and the matching can be matched not only It is exactly the same shape, and it can be larger than half of these parts, so that these parts can be accommodated or fixed.
  • the recessed portions of the upper stator support 210 and the lower stator support 220 are combined to form a complete mounting cavity for mounting the motor shaft 110, the core winding 120, the bearing 130, and the commutator 140.
  • the motor shaft 110, the core winding 120, the bearing 130, and the commutator 140 are received within the mounting cavity, wherein the bearing 130 is secured within the mounting cavity.
  • the mover assembly 100 is supported by a bearing 130, and the motor shaft 110, the core winding 120, and the commutator 140 are rotatable under the action of a magnetic field.
  • the positioning protrusions of the brush mounting positions on the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 may be one (only the positioning protrusions 223 on the lower stator bracket 220 are shown in the figure), and the positioning protrusions are staggered to correspond to electricity.
  • the width of the brush 500 is set in the center line, so that the anti-assembly reaction can be performed, and the corresponding brush 500 has a positioning hole corresponding to the positioning protrusion.
  • the upper stator support 210 and the lower stator support 220 form a cylindrical-like housing.
  • the permanent magnets 300 are two and are symmetrically distributed on the upper stator support 210 and the lower stator support 220 in a top-to-bottom manner, and the corresponding permanent magnets have opposite magnetic polarities.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • the third embodiment provides a method of assembling the brushed permanent magnet micromotor as shown in any of the above embodiments 1 and 2.
  • the assembly method includes:
  • the iron core and the commutator 140 are mounted on the motor shaft 110, and then the core winding is wound on the iron core to form the core winding 120, and the winding output is welded on the commutator 140, and then the two bearings are slidably fitted. 130 to the motor shaft 110, forming a mover assembly 100;
  • the permanent magnet 300 and the magnetic conductive member 400 are respectively mounted on the upper stator support 210 and the lower stator support 220, and then the brushes 500 are respectively placed on the brush mounting positions of the upper stator bracket and the lower stator bracket to form the upper stator assembly and the lower stator. Subassembly.
  • the mover assembly 100 is mounted into the recess 221 of the lower stator bracket 220.
  • the lower stator bracket 220 is fixedly placed, the bearing 130 on the rotor assembly is aligned with the bearing placement position on the lower stator bracket 220, and the motor shaft 110, the core winding 120 and the commutator 140 are also correspondingly mounted in the recess 221 .
  • the upper stator bracket 210 is correspondingly mounted to the lower stator bracket 220, and the upper stator bracket 210 and the lower stator bracket 220 are assembled and fixed so that the mover assembly 100 is located in the complete mounting cavity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种有刷永磁微电机及其装配方法，其上定子支架和下定子支架为拼合设计，该上定子支架和下定子支架的凹陷部拼合形成完整的用于安装电机轴、铁芯绕组、轴承以及换向器的安装腔。在安装时，先将铁芯绕组、轴承和换向器安装在电机轴上，形成动子组件，然后将动子组件安装到下定子支架的凹陷部内，最后将分别在电刷安装位放好电刷的上定子支架与下定子支架进行拼合固定即可。这种结构使得电机装配简单，能够快速实现装配。而且，该两个轴承被固定或压紧在同一部件上，可以保证它们同心度和同轴度，装配时也没有了中心偏向力的压迫，不存在嵌入机壳问题，装配简单。

Description

有刷永磁微电机及其装配方法 技术领域
本申请涉及一种电机结构，尤其是一种有刷永磁微电机的结构。
背景技术
通常的有刷永磁微电机一般由导磁金属机壳、转子、后端盖组成。其中机壳内嵌有轴承和永磁体，机壳截面为圆形或同心圆弧加平行对称线组合扁圆；其中转子由轴、铁芯及绕线组、换向器组成，后端盖嵌有轴承和两片电刷组。电刷一般为弹性电刷或弹性导电片嵌石墨块，固定在嵌插入后端盖的导电支架上。
机壳和后端盖嵌的轴承一般用含油轴承，为粉末冶金件，在紧配合嵌入机壳时，会造成内孔变形收缩。这种微电机的转子轴装入后端盖轴承时，因两片电刷的间距小于换向器外径，要先拨开两片电刷，装入后松开，电刷弹性变形压紧在换向器上；然后将转子和后端盖组合体快速装入机壳，转子轴前端装入机壳轴承。最后机壳和后端盖固定。机壳和后端盖要紧配合嵌入轴承、后端盖要紧配合嵌插电刷以及安装时要拨开电刷的工艺，影响装配效率，也增加了装配成本。
又因两个轴承在分别位于后端盖和机壳上，它们的同心度和同轴度一般会有偏差，装配后转动会受阻，故会敲打振动电机，使轴承孔变形，转动顺畅，敲打振动不易控制。如此装配，电机一致性难以保证，噪声大，寿命也受影响。而且，这种电机在安装时，当转子插入到机壳内时，因转子铁芯受永磁体的吸力影响，两个轴承都会受到中心偏向力的压迫，要使得轴快速的对准机壳上的轴承比较难，导致装配效率也很低，同时也容易造成轴承的损伤。
发明内容
本申请提供一种新型的有刷永磁微电机及其装配方法，用以提高微电机的装配效率和结构一致性。
根据本申请的一方面，本申请提供一种有刷永磁微电机于，包括：
动子组件，其包括电机轴以及安装在电机轴上的铁芯绕组、换向器和轴承，所述轴承为两个，其分别位于铁芯绕组的两侧；
定子组件，其包括上定子支架、下定子支架以及安装在上定子支架和下定子支架上的永磁体、导磁件和电刷；所述上定子支架和下定子支架均具有与电机轴、铁芯绕组、轴承以及换向器的一半匹配的凹陷部和用于安装电刷的电刷安装位，所述上定子支架和下定子支架设置为以过电机轴中心线的平面为分界面，所述上定子支架和下定子支架的凹陷部拼合形成完整的用于安装电机轴、铁芯绕组、轴承以及换向器的安装腔，所述动子组件安装在所述安装腔内；
所述永磁体安装在上定子支架和下定子支架，用以产生磁场；
所述导磁件分别安装在上定子支架和下定子支架上，上下对称，对应形成闭合导磁框，用以传导磁场；
所述电刷安装在电刷安装位，并与动子组件的换向器进行接触。
作为所述有刷永磁微电机的进一步改进，所述上定子支架和下定子支架分别具有电刷压紧位，所述电刷压紧位用于与对方的电刷安装位进行配合并压紧电刷，所述电刷包括上电刷和下电刷，所述上电刷安装在上定子支架的电刷安装位上，所述下电刷安装在下定子支架的电刷安装位上，所述上电刷和下电刷分别向换向器的放置位伸出，使得上定子支架和下定子支架拼合时，所述上电刷和下电刷可以分别抵接换向器的两侧外壁。
作为所述有刷永磁微电机的进一步改进，所述电刷安装位设置有至少一个定位凸起，所述上电刷和下电刷具有与定位凸起对应的定位孔，所述上电刷和下电刷分别安装在对应的定位凸起上；所述电刷压紧位设置有与电刷安装位的定位凸起对应的凹坑。
作为所述有刷永磁微电机的进一步改进，所述定位凸起为一个，并且所述定位凸起错开对应电刷的宽度中线设置；或
所述定位凸起为两个以上，并且所述定位凸起相对于对应电刷的宽度中线呈非对称设置。
作为所述有刷永磁微电机的进一步改进，所述电刷安装位为凹陷结构，所述压紧电刷位为凸起结构，所述凸起结构和凹陷结构配合并压紧对应的电刷。
作为所述有刷永磁微电机的进一步改进，所述永磁体、电刷、电刷安装位和压紧电刷位以电机轴中心线成中心对称分布。
作为所述有刷永磁微电机的进一步改进，所述上定子支架和下定子支架分别采用可注塑材质注塑成型。
作为所述有刷永磁微电机的进一步改进，所述永磁体为偶数个，其中一半 的永磁体设置在上定子支架上，另一半的永磁体设置在下定子支架上；所述导磁件包括上导磁瓦和下导磁瓦，所述上导磁瓦覆盖在上定子支架和对应的永磁体的外侧，所述下导磁瓦覆盖在下定子支架和对应的永磁体的外侧，所述上导磁瓦和下导磁瓦对接形成闭合导磁框。
作为所述有刷永磁微电机的进一步改进，所述有刷永磁微电机为摆动电机，所述电机轴上固定有弹片，所述弹片另一端固定在上定子支架或下定子支架上。
根据本申请的一方面，本申请提供一种如上述任一项所述有刷永磁微电机的装配方法，包括：
将铁芯和换向器安装在电机轴上，然后在铁芯上绕制线包绕组形成铁芯绕组，并将绕组出线焊接在换向器上，再滑动配合安装两个轴承到电机轴上，组成动子组件；
将永磁体和导磁件分别安装在上定子支架与下定子支架上，再分别将电刷放置在上定子支架与下定子支架的电刷安装位，组成上定子组件和下定子组件；
将动子组件安装到下定子组件的凹陷部内；
将上定子组件与下定子组件进行拼合固定，使动子组件位于完整的安装腔内。
本申请的有益效果是：
本申请所示有刷永磁微电机，其上定子支架和下定子支架为拼合设计，而且该上定子支架和下定子支架分别具有与电机轴、铁芯绕组、轴承以及换向器的一半匹配的凹陷部，该上定子支架和下定子支架的凹陷部拼合形成完整的用于安装电机轴、铁芯绕组、轴承以及换向器的安装腔。这种结构使得本微电机在装配时，先将铁芯和换向器安装在电机轴上，然后绕制线包绕组，并将绕组出线焊接在换向器上，再滑动配合安装两个轴承到电机轴上，组成动子组件；将永磁体和导磁件分别安装在上定子支架与下定子支架上，再分别将电刷放置在上定子支架与下定子支架的电刷安装位，然后将动子组件安装到下定子支架的凹陷部内，最后将上定子支架与下定子支架进行拼合固定即可。这种结构使得电机安装简单，不存在轴承紧配合嵌入、电刷紧配合嵌入和拨刷动作，能够快速实现装配。而且，该两个轴承被固定或压紧在同一部件上，可以保证它们同心度和同轴度，装配时也没有了中心偏向力的压迫，不存在套入机壳问题，装配简单。
进一步地，一些实施例中，该上定子支架和下定子支架分别具有电刷压紧 位，该电刷压紧位用于与对方的电刷安装位进行配合并压紧电刷。该电刷安装在电刷安装位上，并通过电刷压紧位固定。该电刷向换向器的放置位伸出，使得上定子支架和下定子支架拼合时，上电刷和下电刷可以分别抵接换向器的两侧外壁，在安装时无需拨开电刷进行安装，极大地提高了装配效率。
再进一步地，一些实施例中，该上定子支架和下定子支架分别与电机应用电器的壳体结合在一起，与电器壳体形成一个整体，可减少电机在电器中的安装步骤，提高装配效率。
附图说明
图1为本申请第一种实施例中有刷永磁微电机的外观示意图；
图2为本申请第一种实施例中有刷永磁微电机的分解图；
图3为本申请第一种实施例中下定子部分的结构示意图
图4为本申请第一种实施例中动子组件安装到下定子部分的示意图；
图5为本申请第二种实施例中有刷永磁微电机的外观示意图；
图6为本申请第二种实施例中有刷永磁微电机的分解图；
图7为本申请第二种实施例中下定子部分的结构示意图
图8为本申请第二种实施例中动子组件安装到下定子部分的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。本申请可以以多种不同的形式来实现，并不限于本实施例所描述的实施方式。提供以下具体实施方式的目的是便于对本申请公开内容更清楚透彻的理解，其中上、下、左、右等指示方位的字词仅是针对所示结构在对应附图中位置而言。
然而，本领域的技术人员可能会意识到其中的一个或多个的具体细节描述可以被省略，或者还可以采用其他的方法、组件或材料。在一些例子中，一些实施方式并没有描述或没有详细的描述。
此外，本文中记载的技术特征、技术方案还可以在一个或多个实施例中以任意合适的方式组合。对于本领域的技术人员来说，易于理解与本文提供的实施例有关的方法的步骤或操作顺序还可以改变。因此，附图和实施例中的任何顺序仅仅用于说明用途，并不暗示要求按照一定的顺序，除非明确说明要求按照某一顺序。
实施例一：
本实施例提供一种有刷永磁微电机。
请参考图1-4，该有刷永磁微电机包括动子组件100、上定子支架210、下定子支架220、永磁体300、导磁件400以及电刷500。
该动子组件100包括电机轴110以及安装在电机轴110上的铁芯绕组120、轴承130和换向器140。该铁芯绕组120包括铁芯和绕线。轴承130为两个，其分别位于铁芯绕组120的两侧，滑动配合安装在电机轴上，用于对电机轴110和铁芯绕组120形成支撑。该换向器140用于与电刷500保持活动连接，用以传到电能。该换向器140通常位于电机轴110的一端，以便于与电刷500进行接触。
该上定子支架210、下定子支架220、永磁体300、导磁件400以及电刷500组成定子组件。该上定子支架210和下定子支架220均具有与电机轴110、铁芯绕组120、轴承130以及换向器140的一半匹配的凹陷部(图中仅示出了下定子支架220具备的凹陷部221)，即上定子支架210和下定子支架220分别具有凹陷部，该凹陷部的形状与电机轴110、铁芯绕组120、轴承130以及换向器140的一半相匹配，该相匹配不仅可以是完全相同的形状，也可以是比这些部件的一半更大的尺寸和结构，以便于可以容置或固定这些部件。最终，上定子支架210和下定子支架220的凹陷部拼合后可形成完整的用于安装电机轴110、铁芯绕组120、轴承130以及换向器140的安装腔。该电机轴110、铁芯绕组120、轴承130以及换向器140容置在该安装腔内，其中轴承130固定在该安装腔内。该动子组件100有了轴承130的支撑，电机轴110、铁芯绕组120和换向器140可以在磁场作用下转动。
该上定子支架210和下定子支架220均安装有永磁体300，该永磁体300用以产生驱动动子组件100转动的磁场。该导磁件400安装在上定子支架210和下定子支架220上，对接形成闭合导磁框，用以传导磁场；
该电刷500固定设置，其能够固定安装在上定子支架210和下定子支架220，并与换向器140进行接触，在换向器140转动过程中传递电能。
本实施例所示有刷永磁微电机在安装时，先将铁芯和换向器140安装在电机轴110上，然后在铁芯上绕制线包绕组形成铁芯绕组120，并将绕组出线焊接在换向器140上，再滑动配合安装两个轴承130到电机轴110上，形成动子组件100。而上定子支架210和下定子支架220可以分别安装好永磁体300、导磁 体400以及电刷500。然后将动子组件100安装到下定子支架220的凹陷部内，最后将上定子支架210与下定子支架220进行拼合固定即可。这种结构使得电机安装简单，能够快速实现装配。
该两个轴承130被固定或压紧在同一部件上，可以保证它们同心度和同轴度，装配时也没有了中心偏向力的压迫，不存在嵌入机壳问题，装配简单。
该上定子支架210和下定子支架220可通过凹槽凸台相互对应嵌套，或者利用卡接或用紧固件将上定子支架210和下定子支架220固定在一起，以完成了电机的装配。
请参考图2和4，该上定子支架210和下定子支架220设置为以过电机轴110中心线的平面为分界面，而永磁体300、电刷500、电刷安装位、压紧电刷位以电机轴中心线成中心对称分布。安装好定子组件后，该转子组件上的轴承130对准轴承放置位，将转子组件放置在下定子组件上，再将上定子支架210对应安装到下定子支架220上，对应的轴承放置位也自然地压紧固定了轴承130。
进一步地，请参考图2-4，一种实施例中，该电刷500包括上电刷510和下电刷520。该上电刷510安装在上定子支架210上，下电刷520安装在下定子支架220上。该上电刷510和下电刷520分别向换向器140的放置位伸出，使得上定子支架210和下定子支架220拼合时，上电刷510和下电刷520可以分别抵接换向器140的两侧外壁。这种方式安装换向器140和电刷500时，不需要先拨开两片电刷500，由于下电刷520预先已安装在下定子支架220的换向器140放置位处，因此，可以直接将换向器140装在下定子支架220的凹陷部221上，换向器140自然压在下电刷520上。再将上定子支架210对应安装到下定子支架220上，上面的上电刷510自然压在换向器140的另一面上，完成电连接。
请继续参考图2-4，一种实施例中，上定子支架210和下定子支架220分别具有电刷安装位222和压紧电刷位224。该电刷安装位222内设置有至少一个定位凸起(图中只示出了下定子支架220的定位凸起223)，该上电刷510和下电刷520具有与定位凸起对应的定位孔，分别安装在对应的定位凸起上。该定位凸起用于对电刷500进行定位，避免其在安装时移位。该压紧电刷位224内设置有与电刷安装位222内的定位凸起对应的凹坑225。一种实施例中，请参考图3和4，该图3和4中仅示出了下定子支架220一侧定位凸起223的结构，上定子支架210一侧定位凸起的结构与下定子支架220一致。该定位凸起223为两 个以上，并且该定位凸起223相对于对应电刷500的宽度中线呈非对称设置。该宽度中线是指过电刷500宽度方向中点的直线，该宽度方向是指下电刷520如图2所示较窄的方向(如图2所示的左右方向)。该非对称设置的电刷500可以起到防装反作用，如果将下电刷520以其中线为旋转中心将电刷500旋转180°，此时电刷500时无法安装到定位凸起223上。
当然，在其他实施例中，该定位凸起可以为一个，并且该定位凸起错开对应电刷500的宽度中线设置，如此同样也可起到防装反作用。
一种实施例中，该电刷安装位222为凹陷结构。该上定子支架210和下定子支架220分别具有用于与对方的电刷安装位222进行配合的压紧电刷位224，相应为凸起结构。请参考图2-4，图中仅示出了下定子支架220上的凸起结构224和凹陷结构222，该上定子支架210上的凸起结构和凹陷结构与下定子支架220相同。该凸起结构和凹陷结构配合并压紧对应的电刷500。这种方式既装配简单，又能稳定的固定住电刷500。
该电刷500放置在凹陷结构中，装配时由另一半定子组件的凸起结构自然压紧，不用嵌插电刷500，也不用拨刷，电刷500不会变形，安装简单。
一种实施例中，该上定子支架210和下定子支架220分别采用塑料材质注塑成型。塑料制成的上定子支架210和下定子支架220固定轴承130，因塑料有一定的弹性，也不会造成轴承130的变形和收缩。进而自然减少噪声，寿命延长。同时上定子支架210和下定子支架220用塑料注塑而成，可以保证安装的一致性。
进一步地，一种实施例中，该上定子支架210和下定子支架220分别与电机应用电器的壳体结合在一起，与电器壳体形成一个整体，可减少电机在电器中的安装步骤，提高电器的装配效率和减少成本。
进一步地，一种实施例中，该永磁体300为偶数个，其中一半的永磁体300设置在上定子支架210上，另一半的永磁体300设置在下定子支架220上。请参考图2，该永磁体300采用四个，其分别两两为一组，一组永磁体300安装在上定子支架210上，另一组永磁体300安装在下定子支架220上，四个永磁体以电机轴中心线中心对称分布在上定子支架210和下定子支架220上，其中心对称对应的永磁体磁极性相反。该永磁体300与上定子支架210和下定子支架220可以通过粘接或紧配合的方式固定。
请参考图2，该导磁件400包括上导磁瓦和下导磁瓦，该上导磁瓦覆盖在上 定子支架210和对应的永磁体300的外侧，该下导磁瓦覆盖在下定子支架220和对应的永磁体300的外侧，对接形成闭合的导磁框。
这种实施例中，该上定子支架210和安装在其上的永磁体300、导磁件400和上电刷510形成上定子组件，下定子支架220和安装在其上的永磁体300、导磁件400和下电刷520形成下定子组件。该上定子组件和下定子组件的结合部位以及永磁体300、电刷500、导磁件400分别对电机轴110中心线中心对称。
在其他一些结构中，该永磁体300也可以是在上定子支架210和下定子支架220拼合后，再安装到上定子支架210和下定子支架220的拼合处形成固定。
进一步，一种实施例中，通过对多个不同磁性的永磁体300的排布，可以使电机成为旋转电机或摆动电机。
当有刷永磁微电机为摆动电机时，请参考图4，一种实施例中，电机轴110上固定有弹片150，弹片150另一端固定在下定子支架220上(或上定子支架210)。
请继续参考图1-4，在本实施例中，该上定子支架210和下定子支架220形成一个截面大致为六边形的扁片状机壳。永磁体300采用四个，并以两上两下的方式分布在上定子支架210和下定子支架220。
实施例二：
本实施例提供了另一种有刷永磁微电机。
请参考图5-8，同样地，该有刷永磁微电机包括动子组件100、上定子支架210、下定子支架220、永磁体300、导磁件400以及电刷500。
该动子组件100包括电机轴110以及安装在电机轴110上的铁芯绕组120、轴承130和换向器140。该铁芯绕组120包括铁芯和绕线。轴承130为两个，其分别位于铁芯绕组120的两侧，滑动配合安装在电机轴上，用于对电机轴110和铁芯绕组120形成支撑。该换向器140用于与电刷500保持活动连接，用以传到电能。该换向器140通常位于电机轴110的一端，以便于与电刷500进行接触。
该上定子支架210、下定子支架220、永磁体300、导磁件400以及电刷500组成定子组件。该上定子支架210和下定子支架220均具有与电机轴110、铁芯绕组120、轴承130以及换向器140的一半匹配的凹陷部(图中仅示出了下定子支架220具备的凹陷部221)，即上定子支架210和下定子支架220分别具有凹 陷部，该凹陷部的形状与电机轴110、铁芯绕组120、轴承130以及换向器140的一半相匹配，该相匹配不仅可以是完全相同的形状，也可以是比这些部件的一半更大的尺寸和结构，以便于可以容置或固定这些部件。最终，上定子支架210和下定子支架220的凹陷部拼合后可形成完整的用于安装电机轴110、铁芯绕组120、轴承130以及换向器140的安装腔。该电机轴110、铁芯绕组120、轴承130以及换向器140容置在该安装腔内，其中轴承130固定在该安装腔内。该动子组件100有了轴承130的支撑，电机轴110、铁芯绕组120和换向器140可以在磁场作用下转动。
本实施例所示有刷永磁微电机与实施例一的区别之处包括：
该上定子支架210、下定子支架220上的电刷安装位的定位凸起可以为一个(图中仅示出了下定子支架220上的定位凸起223)，并且该定位凸起错开对应电刷500的宽度中线设置，从而可起到防装反作用，对应的电刷500具有与定位凸起对应的定位孔。
同时，该上定子支架210和下定子支架220形成一个类圆柱形的壳体。永磁体300采用二个，并以一上一下的方式中心对称分布在上定子支架210和下定子支架220上，其对应的永磁体磁极性相反。
实施例三：
本实施例三提供一种应用于如上述实施例一和二任一项所示的有刷永磁微电机的装配方法。
该装配方法包括：
首先，不分顺序的完成以下操作：
将铁芯和换向器140安装在电机轴110上，然后在铁芯上绕制线包绕组形成铁芯绕组120，并将绕组出线焊接在换向器140上，再滑动配合安装两个轴承130到电机轴110上，组成动子组件100；
将永磁体300和导磁件400分别安装在上定子支架210与下定子支架220上，再分别将电刷500放置在上定子支架与下定子支架的电刷安装位，组成上定子组件和下定子组件。
其次，将动子组件100安装到下定子支架220的凹陷部221内。
具体地，固定放置好下定子支架220，转子组件上的轴承130对准下定子支架220上的轴承放置位，电机轴110、铁芯绕组120和换向器140也对应安装到 凹陷部221内。
最后，将上定子支架210对应安装到下定子支架220上，将上定子支架210与下定子支架220进行拼合固定，使动子组件100位于完整的安装腔内。
以上内容是结合具体的实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种有刷永磁微电机,其特征在于，包括：
    动子组件，其包括电机轴以及安装在电机轴上的铁芯绕组、换向器和轴承，所述轴承为两个，其分别位于铁芯绕组的两侧；
    定子组件，其包括上定子支架、下定子支架以及安装在上定子支架和下定子支架上的永磁体、导磁件和电刷；所述上定子支架和下定子支架均具有与电机轴、铁芯绕组、轴承以及换向器的一半匹配的凹陷部和用于安装电刷的电刷安装位，所述上定子支架和下定子支架设置为以过电机轴中心线的平面为分界面，所述上定子支架和下定子支架的凹陷部拼合形成完整的用于安装电机轴、铁芯绕组、轴承以及换向器的安装腔，所述动子组件安装在所述安装腔内；
    所述永磁体安装在上定子支架和下定子支架，用以产生磁场；
    所述导磁件分别安装在上定子支架和下定子支架上，上下对称，对应形成闭合导磁框，用以传导磁场；
    所述电刷安装在电刷安装位，并与动子组件的换向器进行接触。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的有刷永磁微电机，其特征在于，所述上定子支架和下定子支架分别具有电刷压紧位，所述电刷压紧位用于与对方的电刷安装位进行配合并压紧电刷，所述电刷包括上电刷和下电刷，所述上电刷安装在上定子支架的电刷安装位上，所述下电刷安装在下定子支架的电刷安装位上，所述上电刷和下电刷分别向换向器的放置位伸出，使得上定子支架和下定子支架拼合时，所述上电刷和下电刷可以分别抵接换向器的两侧外壁。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的有刷永磁微电机，其特征在于，所述电刷安装位设置有至少一个定位凸起，所述上电刷和下电刷具有与定位凸起对应的定位孔，所述上电刷和下电刷分别安装在对应的定位凸起上；所述电刷压紧位设置有与电刷安装位的定位凸起对应的凹坑。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的有刷永磁微电机，其特征在于，所述定位凸起为一个，并且所述定位凸起错开对应电刷的宽度中线设置；或
    所述定位凸起为两个以上，并且所述定位凸起相对于对应电刷的宽度中线呈非对称设置。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的有刷永磁微电机，其特征在于，所述电刷 安装位为凹陷结构，所述压紧电刷位为凸起结构，所述凸起结构和凹陷结构配合并压紧对应的电刷。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的有刷永磁微电机，其特征在于，所述永磁体、电刷、电刷安装位和压紧电刷位以电机轴中心线成中心对称分布。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的有刷永磁微电机，其特征在于，所述上定子支架和下定子支架分别采用可注塑材质注塑成型。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的有刷永磁微电机，其特征在于，所述永磁体为偶数个，其中一半的永磁体设置在上定子支架上，另一半的永磁体设置在下定子支架上；所述导磁件包括上导磁瓦和下导磁瓦，所述上导磁瓦覆盖在上定子支架和对应的永磁体的外侧，所述下导磁瓦覆盖在下定子支架和对应的永磁体的外侧，所述上导磁瓦和下导磁瓦对接形成闭合导磁框。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的有刷永磁微电机，其特征在于，所述有刷永磁微电机为摆动电机，所述电机轴上固定有弹片，所述弹片另一端固定在上定子支架或下定子支架上。
  10. 一种如权利要求1-9任一项所述有刷永磁微电机的装配方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将铁芯和换向器安装在电机轴上，然后在铁芯上绕制线包绕组形成铁芯绕组，并将绕组出线焊接在换向器上，再滑动配合安装两个轴承到电机轴上，组成动子组件；
    将永磁体和导磁件分别安装在上定子支架与下定子支架上，再分别将电刷放置在上定子支架与下定子支架的电刷安装位，组成上定子组件和下定子组件；
    将动子组件安装到下定子组件的凹陷部内；
    将上定子组件与下定子组件进行拼合固定，使动子组件位于完整的安装腔内。
PCT/CN2019/085597 2018-05-10 2019-05-06 有刷永磁微电机及其装配方法 WO2019214558A1 (zh)

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