WO2019213888A1 - 用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具 - Google Patents

用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019213888A1
WO2019213888A1 PCT/CN2018/086288 CN2018086288W WO2019213888A1 WO 2019213888 A1 WO2019213888 A1 WO 2019213888A1 CN 2018086288 W CN2018086288 W CN 2018086288W WO 2019213888 A1 WO2019213888 A1 WO 2019213888A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tooth
cutting edge
micro
edge
vertical
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PCT/CN2018/086288
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王福吉
贾振元
赵猛
白玉
成德
张翀
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大连理工大学
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Application filed by 大连理工大学 filed Critical 大连理工大学
Priority to EP18880086.6A priority Critical patent/EP3756803B1/en
Priority to JP2019555881A priority patent/JP6775856B2/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2018/086288 priority patent/WO2019213888A1/zh
Priority to US16/465,266 priority patent/US10751810B2/en
Publication of WO2019213888A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019213888A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/009—Stepped drills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/02—Twist drills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23B2226/27—Composites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/04—Angles, e.g. cutting angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/04—Angles, e.g. cutting angles
    • B23B2251/043—Helix angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/04—Angles, e.g. cutting angles
    • B23B2251/043—Helix angles
    • B23B2251/046—Variable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/08—Side or plan views of cutting edges
    • B23B2251/085—Discontinuous or interrupted cutting edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/40—Flutes, i.e. chip conveying grooves
    • B23B2251/406—Flutes, i.e. chip conveying grooves of special form not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/89—Tool or Tool with support
    • Y10T408/905—Having stepped cutting edges
    • Y10T408/906—Axially spaced

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of drilling tools in machining, and relates to a vertical-blade double-step micro-tooth cutter for high-quality hole making of composite materials and laminated structures thereof.
  • the Airbus A350 Due to its advantages of light weight, high strength and integral manufacturing, composite materials have been widely used in the manufacture of advanced aircraft parts, and have become the preferred material for achieving lightweight aircraft structures.
  • the Airbus A350 has a composite material consumption of 52%, which greatly reduces the weight of the aircraft and improves the fuel economy of the aircraft.
  • composite structures composed of composite materials and high-performance metals are often used in aircraft support and joints.
  • a series of mechanical processing is required, and the hole making process is one of the most laborious machining methods among them.
  • the composite material is mainly composed of a mixed form of a fiber-reinforced phase and a resin matrix phase, exhibiting a remarkable anisotropy and lamination characteristics on a macroscopic scale, and a low interlayer bonding strength.
  • the axial force generated is large, the inlet and outlet positions are weakly restrained, and the outermost layers of materials are easily opened, causing delamination damage, and the fibers are bent due to the inability to cut the fibers, causing tearing. Cracks and burrs and other damage.
  • the installation method of the composite material on the top and the metal on the bottom is often adopted.
  • the micro-tooth structure is at the cutting edge portion of the final cutting, it is easy to cause minute tear damage at the outlet and the inlet, and to reduce the smoothness of the hole wall.
  • Suzhou Arnold Precision Cutting Technology Co., Ltd. invented a low-traveling drill bit, patent application number 201310104178.6, the head of the drill has two chip flutes, which are respectively formed with the intersection of the blade back in the axial direction. Two main cutting edges, the main features are three tops, the middle tip is lower than the two sides. This design can balance the tool strength and centering ability. The two outer tips can effectively scrape the fibers around the hole and reduce burrs.
  • tear damage is likely to occur.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to reduce the damage of the composite material outlet delamination, the metal outlet burr and the metal hole wall scratching which are generated when drilling the composite material and the laminated structure thereof, and the invention is applied to the composite material and the laminated structure thereof.
  • the cutter is a right-handed drill with a vertical blade structure, a double-step structure and a micro-tooth structure.
  • the vertical blade structure can effectively bend the metal chips, and suppress the continuous strip-shaped chip scratching of the upper composite material and the metal hole wall, and the double step
  • the step angle of the structure is negative, and the metal outlet burr and the composite material burr are removed from the root, and the micro-tooth structure is distributed at a large helix angle around the axis of the bit, which can effectively suppress damage of delamination and burr of the inlet and outlet of the composite material, and finally Achieve high-quality hole making of composite materials and their laminated structures.
  • the vertical edge double-step micro-tooth cutter for high-quality hole making of composite material and its laminated structure is composed of three parts: main cutting edge area A, auxiliary cutting edge area B and shank area C, and sub-cutting edge area B is included. Stepped vertical edge zone D and micro-tooth cutting zone E;
  • the main cutting edge 1 of the main cutting edge area A obtains a second rake face 9 by partially grinding the initial rake face 8, and the initial rake face 8 and the second rake face 9 form a double apex angle structure, wherein The apex angle n 1 is 100°-106°, and the second apex angle n 2 is 90°-95°;
  • the auxiliary cutting edge area B is distributed in a double-stepped structure, the first step is near the drill tip side, and the second step is near the shank side; the secondary cutting edge area B has two chip flutes 6 forming two secondary cutting edges 5,
  • the minor rake angle ⁇ 1 of the minor cutting edge 5 is 14°-16°, the first step diameter d of the cutting edge width c is 0.6-0.8 times; the land width a of the vertical cutting edge 4 and the minor cutting edge 5
  • the width b of the land is 1-1.5 mm, and the width a of the vertical cutting edge 4 is greater than the width b of the minor cutting edge 5;
  • the stepped vertical edge area D adopts a double stepped negative step angle structure, and the second step main cutting edge 10 and the tool axis 7 have an angle n 3 greater than 90°; a vertical chip breaking edge is repaired on each of the minor cutting edges 5 , the axial length e of the vertical chip breaking edge 4 is at least 2 times the feed amount per tooth of the tool, and the spiral rake angle ⁇ 2 of the vertical chip breaking edge 4 is 13°-15°;
  • the micro-tooth cutting zone E is located between the stepped vertical edge zone D and the main cutting edge zone A, and is composed of a plurality of micro-tooths 3 and coggings 2 distributed on the cutting edge of the drill bit, and the micro-tooth 3 and the cogging 2 are wound around the drill bit.
  • the axis is spirally distributed, and the micro-tooth helix angle ⁇ is an acute angle greater than 60°; the upper tooth edge 11 of the micro-tooth 3 serves as a tooth cutting edge, and the upper tooth edge 11 is sharpened by a positive rake angle; the tooth groove width of the micro-tooth 3 W g is not less than the thickness of the two-layer prepreg of the processed fiber reinforcement and is at least 0.3 mm; the tooth width W t of the micro-tooth 3 is at least 0.5 mm; the depth D t of the tooth groove 2 is at least 0.8 mm, and the cogging The sum of the depth D t and the thickness of the core is smaller than the tool diameter d at the position, so as to satisfy the purpose of the micro-tooth 3 shear processing without affecting the rigidity of the core.
  • the vertical edge double-step micro-tooth cutter for composite material and its laminated structure with high quality hole making has a step structure, a micro-tooth structure distributed in the first step, has a re-cutting function at the inlet, and is at the exit and the main
  • the reverse shearing function with the opposite direction of cutting movement realizes effective suppression of damage of delamination and burr of composite inlet and outlet;
  • the second step distributes vertical blade structure, and the second step angle is negative, which realizes chip breaking,
  • the chipping reduces the scratch of the upper composite material and the metal hole wall, removes the metal outlet burr and the composite material burr from the root, and improves the export quality of the metal and the composite material.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a vertical edge double step micro-tooth cutter for high quality hole making of composite materials and laminate structures.
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of the micro-tooth cutting zone E of Figure 1.
  • n 2 the second apex angle of the main cutting edge 1; n 3 the second step main cutting edge 10 is at an angle to the tool axis 7;
  • the vertical-blade double-step micro-tooth cutter for the composite material and the laminated structure thereof has a high-quality hole, and the cutter has a main cutting edge area A, a sub-cutting edge area B, and a knife.
  • the shank area C is composed of three parts, wherein the sub-cutting edge area B includes the stepped vertical edge area D and the micro-tooth cutting area E; the main cutting edge 1 of the main cutting edge area A passes through the partial grinding of the initial rake face 8 to obtain the first
  • the second rake face 9, which forms a double apex angle structure, can realize progressive cutting, thereby reducing axial force and improving composite drilling quality, wherein the first apex angle n 1 is 102°, and the second apex angle n 2 90°;
  • the secondary cutting edge zone B has two chip flutes 6 forming two minor cutting edges 5, the minor rake angle ⁇ 1 of the minor cutting edge 5 is 15°, the nominal diameter of the tool is 6 mm, and the first step diameter d 4.88mm, the flute width c is 3mm, the ratio of the flute width c to the first step diameter d of the tool is 0.61, which can ensure that the tool stiffness meets the processing requirements, and the rake width a of the
  • the stepped vertical edge zone D adopts a double-step negative step angle structure.
  • the double-stepped structure can realize segmental cutting and reduce the axial force to reduce the damage of the composite material; the second step can be directly removed from the outlet root by using the negative step angle.
  • Metal exit burr and composite material burr, the second step main cutting edge 10 and the tool axis 7 angle n 3 is 110°; on each of the minor cutting edges 5, the vertical chip breaking edge 4 is ground to change the metal
  • the original movement direction of the chip makes the metal chips bend and realize the metal efficient chip breaking and chipping, so that the chips can be smoothly discharged along the chip flute, reduce the contact between the chip and the composite material and the metal hole wall, and improve the hole wall smoothness and the hole diameter.
  • the axial length e of the vertical chip breaker 4 is 4 mm, which is much larger than the feed per tooth of the tool, and the spiral rake angle ⁇ 2 of the vertical chip breaker 4 is 13°.
  • the micro-tooth cutting zone E is composed of a plurality of micro-tooth 3 and a tooth groove 2 distributed on the cutting edge of the drill bit, wherein the micro-tooth 3 and the tooth groove 2 are spirally distributed around the axis of the drill bit, and the micro-tooth helix angle ⁇ is 79°;
  • the upper tooth edge 11 serves as a tooth cutting edge and sharpens the positive rake angle by 20°;
  • the micro-tooth structure is located between the stepped vertical edge area D and the main cutting edge area A, and the number of the micro-tooth 3 is three.
  • the tooth groove 3 has a cogging width W g of 0.7 mm
  • the micro tooth 3 has a tooth width W t of 0.5 mm, a cogging depth D t of 0.8 mm, a tool core thickness of 2.2 mm, and a cogging depth D t twice the core.
  • the sum of the thicknesses is smaller than the tool diameter d at this position.
  • the invention relates to a vertical edge double-step micro-tooth cutter for high-quality hole making of a composite material and a laminated structure thereof, and the step structure can realize partial cutting to reduce processing damage, and the step angle is negative, and the metal outlet can be removed from the root.
  • the burr and composite material export burrs improve the export quality;
  • the vertical blade structure changes the original movement direction of the metal chips, can realize the bending and chip breaking of the metal chips, and reduce the scratch of the metal chips on the upper composite material and the metal hole wall;
  • the micro-tooth structure can effectively inhibit the damage of the composite material drilling inlet, outlet delamination, burr and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具，由主切削刃区（A）、副切削刃区（B）和刀柄区（C）三部分构成，副切削刃区（B）中包含阶梯竖刃区（D）和微齿切削区（E）。一种用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具，能够有效抑制复合材料入口、出口的分层、毛刺等损伤，并提高复合材料的出口质量。

Description

用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具 技术领域
本发明属于机械加工中钻削工具技术领域，涉及一种用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具。
 背景技术
复合材料由于具有轻质、高强和可整体制造等优点，已广泛应用于先进飞机零件的制造，成为实现飞机结构轻量化的优选材料。如空客A350，其复合材料用量高达52%，大幅减轻了飞机结构重量，提高了飞机的燃油经济性。此外，为保证飞机能够承受冲击、交变等复杂载荷，复合材料和高性能金属组成的叠层结构常应用于飞机支撑和连接部位。为实现复合材料零件及其叠层结构零件的连接装配，需要进行一系列的机械加工，制孔加工是其中工作量最繁重的机械加工方法之一。
然而，复合材料主要是由纤维增强相和树脂基体相构成的混合形态，宏观上呈现明显的各向异性和层叠特征，且其层间结合强度较低。单独钻削复合材料时，产生的轴向力较大，入口和出口位置约束作用弱，最外面几层材料极易被顶开，产生分层损伤，并因无法切断纤维导致纤维弯曲，引发撕裂和毛刺等损伤。此外，在复合材料/金属叠层材料一体化制孔中，常采用复材在上、金属在下的安装方式。此种安装方式下，金属材料出口侧支撑作用较弱，易产生毛刺损伤，而且金属在切削过程中易产生连续带状切屑，金属切屑沿螺旋槽排出过程中，易对上层的复合材料产生划伤，导致复合材料叠层结构的高质高效加工难以实现。因此，急需自主研发出既能实现复合材料高质量制孔、又能实现复合材料叠层结构高质量制孔的刀具。
目前，已有部分学者分别针对复合材料制孔刀具及复合材料叠层结构制孔刀具进行了研发。对于复合材料制孔刀具，大连理工大学贾振元等人公开了“一种用于碳纤维复合材料制孔的高效专用钻头”，专利申请号201510408743.7，它涉及用于碳纤维复合材料的制孔的带有齿状微刃的双顶角结构钻头，通过主切削刃的双顶角结构，主切削刃和副切削刃连接部位的微齿结构，实现了钻-扩-铰一体化加工的功能，获得高尺寸精度的孔。然而，由于微齿结构处于最终切削成型的切削刃部位，容易在出口和入口引发微小的撕裂损伤，并降低孔壁的光洁度。苏州阿诺精密切削技术股份有限公司发明了一种低横刃钻头，专利申请号201310104178.6，这种钻头的头部开有两个排屑槽，其与刀背在轴向方向上的交线分别形成两个主切削刃，主要特点是三个顶尖，中间的顶尖比两边的低，这样的设计可以兼顾刀具强度和定心能力，两个外顶尖可有效的刮断孔周边的纤维，减少毛刺，但是在加工高强度纤维和低层间强度的复合材料时，容易产生撕裂损伤。对于复合材料叠层结构制孔刀具，日本川崎重工在“SAE Technical Paper”上发表的《Development of a Dill Bit for CFRP/Aluminum-Alloy Stack:To Improve Flexibility ,Economical Efficiency and Work Environment》中，提出了一种采用较薄的横刃变角度切削的复合材料/铝合金叠层阶梯钻。该刀具通过减少单次切削量，一定程度上提升了一体化制孔质量。然而，金属的高可靠断屑问题依然未被充分考虑，致使在钻削过程中大量金属切屑累积并缠绕在刀具上，进而导致刀具在回转过程中产生偏心，严重影响制孔精度及刀具的使用寿命。
 技术问题
本发明要解决的技术难题是降低钻削复合材料及其叠层结构时产生的复合材料出口分层、金属出口毛刺和金属孔壁划伤等损伤，发明用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具。该刀具是一种具有竖刃结构、双阶梯结构和微齿结构的右旋钻头，竖刃结构可有效弯折金属切屑，抑制连续带状切屑划伤上层复合材料及金属孔壁，同时双阶梯结构的阶梯角度为负值，从根部去除金属出口毛刺和复合材料出口毛刺，微齿结构绕钻头轴线呈较大螺旋角分布，可有效抑制复合材料入口、出口的分层、毛刺等损伤，最终实现复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔加工。
 技术解决方案
本发明的技术方案：
用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具，由主切削刃区A、副切削刃区B、刀柄区C三部分构成，副切削刃区B中包含阶梯竖刃区D和微齿切削区E；
主切削刃区A的主切削刃1通过部分修磨初始前刀面8，获得第二前刀面9，初始前刀面8与第二前刀面9形成双顶角结构，其中，第一顶角n 1为100°-106°，第二顶角n 2为90°-95°；
副切削刃区B分布有双阶梯结构，靠近钻尖侧为第一阶梯，靠近刀柄侧为第二阶梯；副切削刃区B有两个排屑槽6，形成两条副切削刃5，副切削刃5的螺旋前角γ 1为14°-16°，排屑槽宽度c为0.6-0.8倍的刀具第一阶梯直径d；竖直切削刃4的刃带宽度a和副切削刃5的刃带宽度b均为1-1.5mm，且竖直切削刃4的刃带宽度a大于副切削刃5的刃带宽度b；
阶梯竖刃区D采用双阶梯负阶梯角结构，第二阶梯主切削刃10与刀具轴线7夹角n 3大于90°；在每条副切削刃5上均修磨出竖直断屑刃4，竖直断屑刃4的轴向长度e至少为2倍的刀具每齿进给量，竖直断屑刃4的螺旋前角γ 2为13°-15°；
微齿切削区E位于阶梯竖刃区D与主切削刃区A之间的位置，由若干个分布于钻头切削刃上的微齿3和齿槽2组成，微齿3和齿槽2绕钻头轴线呈螺旋分布，微齿螺旋角β为大于60°的锐角；微齿3的上齿边11作为齿切削刃，并对上齿边11刃磨出正前角；微齿3的齿槽宽度W g不小于所加工纤维增强材料两层预浸料的厚度且至少为0.3mm；微齿3的齿宽W t至少为0.5mm；齿槽2的深度D t至少为0.8mm，且齿槽深度D t的两倍与钻心厚度之和小于该位置的刀具直径d，以期在不影响钻心刚度的前提下满足微齿3剪切加工的目的。
有益效果
本发明的用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具，具有阶梯结构，在第一阶梯分布微齿结构，具有在入口的再次切削功能以及在出口与主切削运动方向相反的反向剪切功能，实现了复合材料入口、出口的分层、毛刺等损伤的有效抑制；第二阶梯分布竖刃结构，且第二阶梯角度为负值，实现了断屑、碎屑，减小了上层复合材料及金属孔壁划伤，从根部去除了金属出口毛刺和复合材料出口毛刺，提高了金属和复合材料的出口质量。
 附图说明
图1为用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具主视图。
图2为图1中微齿切削区E的局部放大图。
图中：1主切削刃；2齿槽；3微齿；4竖直断屑刃；5副切削刃；6排屑槽；
7刀具轴线；8初始前刀面；9第二前刀面；10第二阶梯主切削刃；
11上齿边；
A主切削刃区；B副切削刃区；C刀柄区；D阶梯竖刃区；E微齿切削区；
a竖直断屑刃4的刃带宽度；b副切削刃5的刃带宽度；c排屑槽宽度；
d第一阶梯直径；e竖直断屑刃4的轴向长度；n 1主切削刃1的第一顶角；
n 2主切削刃1的第二顶角；n 3第二阶梯主切削刃10与刀具轴线7夹角；
γ 1副切削刃5的螺旋前角；γ 2竖直断屑刃4的螺旋前角；W t微齿齿宽；
W g齿槽宽度；D t齿槽深度；β微齿螺旋角。
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和技术方案，详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1、图2所示，本发明的用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具，该刀具由主切削刃区A、副切削刃区B、刀柄区C三部分构成，其中副切削刃区B中包含阶梯竖刃区D和微齿切削区E；主切削刃区A的主切削刃1通过部分修磨初始前刀面8，可获得第二前刀面9，进而形成双顶角结构，可实现渐进式切削，进而降低轴向力，提高复合材料钻削质量，其中，第一顶角n 1为102°，第二顶角n 2为90°；副切削刃区B有两个排屑槽6，形成两条副切削刃5，副切削刃5的螺旋前角γ 1为15°，刀具公称直径为6mm，第一阶梯直径d为4.88mm，排屑槽宽度c为3mm，排屑槽宽度c与刀具第一阶梯直径d的比值为0.61，可保证刀具刚度满足加工要求，竖直断屑刃4的刃带宽度a为1.5mm，副切削刃5的刃带宽度b为1mm，竖直断屑刃4的刃带宽度a取值略大，以保证竖直断屑刃4的强度。
阶梯竖刃区D采用双阶梯负阶梯角结构，采用双阶梯结构可实现分段切除，降低轴向力，以达到减少复合材料损伤的目的；第二阶梯采用负阶梯角可从出口根部直接去除金属出口毛刺及复合材料出口毛刺，第二阶梯主切削刃10与刀具轴线7夹角n 3为110°；在每条副切削刃5上均修磨出竖直断屑刃4，以改变金属切屑原有运动方向，使金属切屑发生弯折，实现金属高效断屑、碎屑，使切屑能够顺利沿排屑槽排出，减少切屑与复合材料和金属孔壁的接触，提高孔壁光洁度和孔径精度，竖直断屑刃4的轴向长度e为4mm，远大于刀具每齿进给量，竖直断屑刃4的螺旋前角γ 2为13°。
微齿切削区E由若干个分布于钻头切削刃上的微齿3和齿槽2组成，其中微齿3和齿槽2绕钻头轴线呈螺旋分布，微齿螺旋角β为79°；微齿上齿边11作为齿切削刃，并刃磨出正前角，为20°；微齿结构位于阶梯竖刃区D与主切削刃区A中间的位置，微齿3的数量为3个，微齿3的齿槽宽度W g为0.7mm，微齿3的齿宽W t为0.5mm，齿槽深度D t为0.8mm，刀具钻心厚度为2.2mm，齿槽深度D t的两倍与钻心厚度之和小于该位置的刀具直径d。钻削复合材料时，在钻削出、入口实现产生的毛刺回弹入微齿结构，并在向下钻削过程中，对回弹入微齿的毛刺实施切削，将毛刺剪断，达到在钻削过程中有效去除出、入口毛刺，降低了形成终孔时的撕裂损伤的效果，大幅提高刀具的切削能力。
本发明是用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具，阶梯结构可实现分部切削，降低加工损伤，同时阶梯角度为负值，可从根部去除金属出口毛刺和复合材料出口毛刺，提高出口质量；竖刃结构改变了金属切屑的原有运动方向，能够实现金属切屑的弯折、断屑，降低金属切屑对上层复合材料及金属孔壁的划伤；微齿结构可有效抑制复合材料钻削入口、出口的分层、毛刺等损伤。最终，实现了复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的高质高效加工。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具，由主切削刃区（A）、副切削刃区（B）和刀柄区（C）三部分构成，其特征在于，副切削刃区（B）中包含阶梯竖刃区（D）和微齿切削区（E）；
    主切削刃区（A）的主切削刃（1）通过部分修磨初始前刀面（8），获得第二前刀面（9），初始前刀面（8）与第二前刀面（9）形成双顶角结构，其中，第一顶角n 1为100°-106°，第二顶角n 2为90°-95°；
    副切削刃区（B）分布有双阶梯结构，靠近钻尖侧为第一阶梯，靠近刀柄侧为第二阶梯；副切削刃区（B）有两个排屑槽（6），形成两条副切削刃（5），副切削刃（5）的螺旋前角γ 1为14°-16°，排屑槽宽度c为0.6-0.8倍的刀具第一阶梯直径d；竖直切削刃（4）的刃带宽度a和副切削刃（5）的刃带宽度b均为1-1.5mm，且竖直切削刃（4）的刃带宽度a大于副切削刃（5）的刃带宽度b；
    阶梯竖刃区（D）采用双阶梯负阶梯角结构，第二阶梯主切削刃（10）与刀具轴线（7）夹角n 3大于90°；在每条副切削刃（5）上均修磨出竖直断屑刃（4），竖直断屑刃（4）的轴向长度e至少为2倍的刀具每齿进给量，竖直断屑刃（4）的螺旋前角γ 2为13°-15°；
    微齿切削区（E）位于阶梯竖刃区（D）与主切削刃区（A）之间的位置，由若干个分布于钻头切削刃上的微齿（3）和齿槽（2）组成，微齿（3）和齿槽（2）绕钻头轴线呈螺旋分布，微齿螺旋角β为大于60°的锐角；微齿（3）的上齿边（11）作为齿切削刃，并对上齿边（11）刃磨出正前角；微齿（3）的齿槽宽度W g不小于所加工纤维增强材料两层预浸料的厚度且至少为0.3mm；微齿（3）的齿宽W t至少为0.5mm；齿槽（2）的深度D t至少为0.8mm，且齿槽深度D t的两倍与钻心厚度之和小于该位置的刀具直径d，以期在不影响钻心刚度的前提下满足微齿（3）剪切加工的目的。
PCT/CN2018/086288 2018-05-10 2018-05-10 用于复合材料及其叠层结构高质量制孔的竖刃双阶梯微齿刀具 WO2019213888A1 (zh)

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