WO2019210749A1 - 一种烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019210749A1
WO2019210749A1 PCT/CN2019/079424 CN2019079424W WO2019210749A1 WO 2019210749 A1 WO2019210749 A1 WO 2019210749A1 CN 2019079424 W CN2019079424 W CN 2019079424W WO 2019210749 A1 WO2019210749 A1 WO 2019210749A1
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deicing
icing
surfactant
alkyl alcohol
amine surfactant
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PCT/CN2019/079424
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French (fr)
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殷鸿尧
冯玉军
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四川大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/18—Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surfaces to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water thereto; Thawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces
    • C09K3/185—Thawing materials

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  • the invention belongs to the field of deicing and anti-icing, and particularly relates to an anti-icing and anti-icing liquid for an outer surface of an aircraft and a preparation method thereof.
  • the surface of the aircraft is very likely to freeze or form ice and snow when it is stationary. These accumulations not only increase the weight of the aircraft, but also roughen the surface of the aircraft, causing increased resistance and reduced lift when the aircraft takes off, posing a serious threat to flight safety and easily leading to flight accidents. Therefore, the international aviation standards stipulate that the aircraft must be removed from the port after removing the snow and ice accumulation on the surface of the aircraft.
  • aircraft surface deicing methods such as mechanical deicing, electric heating deicing, and use of anti-icing materials, the most widely used and most effective are still aircraft deicing fluids, especially non-Newtonian deicing. Anti-icing fluid.
  • the non-Newtonian deicing anti-icing fluid can not only effectively remove the ice and snow accumulation on the surface of the aircraft, but also prevent the surface of the aircraft from freezing for a certain period of time.
  • international aviation generally uses water-soluble polymer thickening alcohol/water mixture to prepare non-Newtonian deicing anti-icing fluid.
  • These polymers include synthetic polymers and natural polymers such as polyacrylic acid and its derivatives, yellow. Raw gum, guar gum, cellulose, etc. After deicing and anti-icing fluid is sprayed on the surface of the aircraft, most of it will be blown off during high-speed flight, but there will still be a small amount of residue in some hidden places (such as wings, elevators, etc.).
  • Patent Application Publication No. CN105199671A discloses "an anti-icing liquid thickened by an oligomeric cationic surfactant and a process for preparing the same" to obtain an anti-icing liquid based on an oligomeric cationic surfactant.
  • the cationic surfactant used requires the addition of an inorganic salt or an organic salt at a high concentration to impart a viscosity-increasing effect, and the non-Newtonian anti-icing fluid described therein is obtained.
  • Patent Application Publication No. CN106883819A discloses "a deicing anti-icing fluid based on an ultralong chain viscoelastic surfactant and a preparation method thereof", and an aircraft deicing is obtained by using an ultralong chain surfactant for viscosity enhancement.
  • Anti-icing fluid but the surfactant used requires artificial synthesis, the preparation process is complicated, and the raw material used for the ultra-long chain organic acid is expensive.
  • the surfactant concentration used is higher, further increasing the cost of the deicing anti-icing fluid.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an aircraft deicing and anti-icing liquid thickened by an alkyl alcohol amine surfactant and a preparation method thereof, and to solve the problem of forming a hydrated gel on the surface of an aircraft by deicing and anti-icing, and To solve the problem of corrosion on the surface of the aircraft, a deicing and anti-icing fluid with stable performance, simple preparation and low cost is obtained.
  • the aircraft deicing and anti-icing liquid thickened by the alkyl alcohol amine surfactant of the invention has the composition components and the mass percentage of each component as follows: alcohol 27% ⁇ 66%, deionized water 32%-72 %, surfactant is 0.4% to 2.0%, and the surfactant is at least one of alkyl alcohol amine surfactants having the following structural formula.
  • n is 1 to 5
  • m is 1 to 5
  • p is 15 to 21
  • n, m, and p are integers.
  • the alkyl alcohol amine surfactant is preferably N-octadecyldiethanolamine.
  • the alcohol is at least one of a dialkyl alcohol having 2 to 5 carbon atoms and a polyhydric alkyl alcohol having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
  • the dibasic alkyl alcohol is preferably ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and the tribasic alkyl alcohol is preferably glycerol.
  • the aircraft deicing and anti-icing liquid thickened by the alkyl alcohol amine surfactant of the invention preferably has the composition component and the mass percentage of each component as follows: alcohol 29%-65%, deionized water 34% ⁇ 70%, alkyl alcohol amine surfactant 0.4% to 1.5%.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing an ice deicing anti-icing liquid for thickening an alkyl alcohol amine surfactant provided by the invention: mixing deionized water and alcohol and stirring uniformly, adding an alkyl alcohol amine surfactant at room temperature, stirring Until it is completely dissolved.
  • the surfactants are all existing compounds and are commercially available.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the surfactants in the deicing and anti-icing liquid of the present invention can be purchased through the market, and the surfactants used are all nonionic surfactants, and the molecular structure does not contain any ion head groups, and there is no metal or plastic. Corrosion hazard, high safety.
  • the surfactant used in the deicing and anti-icing liquid of the present invention has a low concentration and has a cost advantage.
  • the deicing and anti-icing fluid of the present invention does not contain any polymer, and can effectively reduce the risk of forming a hydrated gel.
  • the freezing point of the deicing and anti-icing liquid of the present invention can be adjusted by the ratio of alcohol to water, and the minimum is up to -51.0 ° C, and the application range is wide.
  • Fig. 1 is a graph showing the relationship of viscosity-shear rate of 0.47 wt% of N-octadecyldiethanolamine in a water/glycol mixed solvent at different temperatures in Example 5.
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the viscosity-shear rate relationship of 0.44 wt% of N-octadecyldiethanolamine in a mixed solvent of water/glycerol in Example 6.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the viscosity-shear rate relationship of 0.90 wt% of N-octadecyldiethanolamine in a mixed solvent of water/glycerol in Example 7.
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship of viscosity-shear rate at 0.88 wt% of N-octadecyldiethanolamine in water/glycerol mixed solvent in Example 8.
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the viscosity-shear rate relationship of 0.66 wt% of N-octadecyldiethanolamine in a mixed solvent of water/glycerol in Example 9.
  • Figure 6 is a graph showing the viscosity-shear rate relationship of 1.31 wt% of N-octadecyldiethanolamine in water/glycerol mixed solvent at room temperature in Example 10.
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the relationship of viscosity-shear rate at 0.49 wt% of N-octadecyldiethanolamine in water/1,2-propanediol mixed solvent in Example 11.
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing the viscosity-shear rate relationship of 0.49 wt% of N-octadecyldiethanolamine in water/1,3-propanediol mixed solvent at different temperatures in Example 12.
  • Example 9 is a deicing anti-icing liquid composed of 0.44 wt% of N-octadecyldiethanolamine and water/glycerol in Example 13, respectively, on an aluminum substrate (a), a glass substrate (b), and a plastic substrate (c). Anti-icing effect on the map.
  • surfactants and alcohols used were purchased from Market Reagents.
  • the formula of the deicing anti-icing liquid is as follows:
  • the freezing point of the deicing anti-icing liquid is -40.3 ° C, indicating that the deicing anti-icing liquid of the invention has a lower freezing point and can be in most extremely cold environments. Use below.
  • the formula of the deicing anti-icing liquid is as follows:
  • Preparation adding a formula amount of 1,2-propanediol to deionized water at room temperature, then adding N-octadecyldiethanolamine, stirring until N-octadecyldiethanolamine is completely dissolved to obtain deicing anti-icing liquid .
  • the freezing point of the deicing anti-icing liquid is -36.6 ° C, indicating that the deicing anti-icing liquid of the invention has a lower freezing point and can be in most extremely cold environments. Use below.
  • the formula of the deicing anti-icing liquid is as follows:
  • Preparation adding a formula amount of 1,3-propanediol to deionized water at room temperature, then adding N-octadecyldiethanolamine, and stirring until N-octadecyldiethanolamine is completely dissolved to obtain deicing and anti-icing liquid.
  • the freezing point of the deicing anti-icing liquid is -30.4 ° C, which indicates that the deicing anti-icing liquid of the invention has a low freezing point and can be in most extremely cold environments. Use below.
  • Preparation adding different amounts of glycerol to deionized water at room temperature, adding different amounts of N-octadecyldiethanolamine, and stirring until N-octadecyldiethanolamine is completely dissolved. Ice anti-icing fluid.
  • the freezing points of the above four ice anti-icing liquids are -9.5 ° C, -21.0 ° C, -31.8 ° C, -51.0 ° C, respectively, indicating the deicing and anti-icing of the present invention.
  • the liquid freezing point can be adjusted to meet the needs of most environments.
  • the components of the deicing anti-icing liquid, the content of each component and the preparation method in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the formula of the deicing anti-icing liquid is as follows:
  • the relationship between the apparent viscosity and the shear rate was measured at -20 ° C, 0 ° C, and 20 ° C using a rotational rheometer (Anto Paar, MCR 302), and the results are shown in Fig. 2. It can be seen from Fig. 2 that at low shear rate, the solution exhibits a high apparent viscosity, and as the shear rate increases, the viscosity decreases significantly, that is, exhibits significant shear thinning characteristics, consistent with non-Newtonian fluid type. The rheological properties of deicing anti-icing fluids. At the same time, the zero shear viscosity of the deicing and anti-icing fluid increases significantly with the decrease of temperature, and the viscosity is higher at low temperature, which is suitable for low temperature environment.
  • the formula of the deicing anti-icing liquid is as follows:
  • the formula of the deicing anti-icing liquid is as follows:
  • the formula of the deicing anti-icing liquid is as follows:
  • the formula of the deicing anti-icing liquid is as follows:
  • the components of the deicing anti-icing liquid, the content of each component and the preparation method in the present embodiment are the same as those in the second embodiment.
  • the relationship between the apparent viscosity and shear rate of the deicing anti-icing fluid was measured at -20 ° C, 0 ° C, and 20 ° C, respectively. The results are shown in FIG. 7 . It can be seen from Fig. 7 that at the temperature of investigation, the solution exhibits a stable shearing platform at a low shear rate, and the apparent viscosity is large, and as the shear rate increases, the viscosity decreases significantly, that is, it exhibits obvious shear. Shear thinning characteristics, in line with the rheological properties of non-Newtonian fluid type deicing and anti-icing fluid.
  • the components of the deicing anti-icing liquid, the content of each component and the preparation method in the present embodiment are the same as those in the third embodiment.
  • the relationship between the shear rate and the apparent viscosity of the deicing anti-icing liquid was measured at -20 ° C, 0 ° C, and 20 ° C, and the results are shown in FIG. It can be seen from Fig. 8 that at low shear rate, the solution exhibits a high apparent viscosity, and as the shear rate increases, the apparent viscosity decreases significantly, that is, exhibits significant shear thinning characteristics, consistent with The rheological properties of non-Newtonian fluid type in addition to anti-icing fluid.
  • the components of the deicing anti-icing liquid, the content of each component and the preparation method in the present embodiment are the same as those in the embodiment 6.
  • the aluminum substrate, the glass substrate, and the lower half of the plastic substrate were respectively immersed in the deicing and anti-icing liquid, and it was found that the deicing anti-icing liquid can easily adhere to the surfaces of the substrates.
  • the above substrate was placed in an environment having a temperature of -20 ° C and a relative humidity of 40%. After 5 hours, it was found that almost no surface of the substrate to which the anti-icing liquid adhered was frozen, and the surface to which the anti-icing liquid adhered was hardly changed (Fig. 9). It can be seen that the deicing anti-icing liquid has excellent anti-icing performance.

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Abstract

本发明所述烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液及其制备方法，包括的组分及各组分的质量百分比如下：醇27％～66％，去离子水32％～72％，表面活性剂0.4％～2.0％。所述表面活性剂为烷基二醇胺表面活性剂中的至少一种；所述醇为碳原子数2～5的二元、多元烷基醇中至少一种。本发明还提供了上述除冰防冰液的制备方法。本发明所述除冰防冰液制备简单，所有成分均可市场购买，不含聚合物，极大降低了形成水合凝胶的风险。本发明所用表面活性剂为非离子表面活性剂，分子结构中不含离子头基，对金属、塑料等没有腐蚀隐患，安全性高且成本低。

Description

一种烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于除冰防冰领域，具体涉及一种飞机外表面除冰防冰液及其制备方法。
背景技术
在寒冷潮湿气候条件下，飞机静止时其表面极易结冰或形成冰雪累积。这些累积物不仅会增加飞机的重量，而且还会使飞机表面变得粗糙，造成飞机起飞时阻力增加、升力减小，给飞行安全造成严重威胁，极易导致飞行事故。因此，国际航空标准规定，必须除去飞机表面冰雪累积物后飞机才能离港起飞。尽管目前发展了多种飞机表面除冰方法，例如机械除冰、电加热除冰、使用防覆冰材料等，但使用最广泛、最有效的仍然是飞机除冰液，尤其是非牛顿型除冰防冰液。非牛顿型除冰防冰液不仅能有效除去飞机表面的冰、雪积累物，还能在一定时间内防止飞机表面结冰。目前，国际航空普遍采用水溶性高分子聚合物增稠醇/水混合物制备非牛顿型除冰防冰液，这些聚合物包括人工合成聚合物和天然聚合物，如聚丙烯酸及其衍生物、黄原胶、瓜尔胶、纤维素等。除冰防冰液喷涂在飞机表面后，大部分会在飞机高速飞行过程中被吹脱，但在一些较隐蔽的地方(比如机翼、升降舵等位置)仍会有少量残留。这些残留的聚合物液体极易形成水合凝胶，对飞行安全造成隐患。另一方面，现有除冰防冰液在制备、运输以及作业过程中通常会经历高速剪切，对聚合物分子链造成一定程度的降解，进而降低除冰防冰的性能。
如何大幅度降低、甚至避免聚合物在飞机除冰防冰液中的使用是有效解决上述问题的办法。公开号为CN105199671A的专利申请公开了“一种通过低聚阳离子表面活性剂增稠的防冰液及其制备方法”，得到一种基于低聚阳离子表面活性剂的防冰液。然而，其使用的阳离子表面活性剂需要在高浓度条件下外加无机盐或有机盐才能起到增黏作用，得到其所描述的非牛顿型防冰液。盐的加入极大的增加了对物体表面腐蚀的隐患，而且容易造成防冰液体系的不稳定，影响使用安全性。公开号为CN106883819A的专利申请公开了“一种基于超长链黏弹性表面活性剂的除冰防冰液及其制备方法”，得到了一种使用超长链表面活性剂增黏的飞机除冰防冰液，但所使用的表面活性剂需要人工合成，制备工艺复杂，且所使用的原料超长链有机酸价格昂贵。此外，其所使用的表面活性剂浓度较高，进一步增加了除冰防冰液的成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液及制备方法，解决除冰防冰易在飞机表面形成水合凝胶，以及对飞机表面造成腐蚀的问题，获得一种性能稳定且制备简单、成本低廉的除冰防冰液。
本发明所述烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液，其组成组分及各组分的质量百分含量如下：醇27％～66％，去离子水32％～72％，表面活性剂0.4％～2.0％，所述表面活性剂为具有如下结构通式的烷基醇胺表面活性剂中的至少一种。
Figure PCTCN2019079424-appb-000001
结构通式中，n为1～5，m为1～5，p为15～21，n、m、p均为整数。
在本发明的上述技术方案中，所述烷基醇胺表面活性剂优选为N-十八烷基二乙醇胺。
在本发明的上述技术方案中，所述醇为碳原子数2～5的二元烷基醇、碳原子数2～5的多元烷基醇中的至少一种。所述二元烷基醇优选为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇，三元烷基醇优选为丙三醇。
本发明所述烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液，其组成组分及各组分的质量百分含量优选如下：醇29％～65％，去离子水34％～70％，烷基醇胺表面活性剂0.4％～1.5％。
本发明提供的上述烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液的制备方法：将去离子水、醇混合并搅拌均匀后，在室温下加入烷基醇胺表面活性剂，搅拌至其完全溶解。
本发明中，所述表面活性剂均为现有化合物，可通过市场购买。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明所述除冰防冰液中表面活性剂均可通过市场购买，且所用表面活性剂均为非离子表面活性剂，分子结构中不含任何离子头基，对金属、塑料等没有腐蚀隐患，安全性高。
2、本发明所述除冰防冰液所用表面活性剂浓度低，具有成本优势。
3、本发明所述除冰防冰液不含任何聚合物，能有效降低形成水合凝胶的风险。
4、本发明所述除冰防冰液的冰点可通过醇和水的比例进行调节，最低可达-51.0℃，应用范围广。
附图说明
图1是实施例5中0.47wt％的N-十八烷基二乙醇胺在水/乙二醇混合溶剂中不同温度下的黏度—剪切速率关系图。
图2是实施例6中0.44wt％的N-十八烷基二乙醇胺在水/丙三醇混合溶剂中不同温度下的 黏度—剪切速率关系图。
图3是实施例7中0.90wt％的N-十八烷基二乙醇胺在水/丙三醇混合溶剂中不同温度下的黏度—剪切速率关系图。
图4是实施例8中0.88wt％的N-十八烷基二乙醇胺在水/丙三醇混合溶剂中不同温度下的黏度—剪切速率关系图。
图5是实施例9中0.66wt％的N-十八烷基二乙醇胺在水/丙三醇混合溶剂中不同温度下的黏度—剪切速率关系图。
图6是实施例10中1.31wt％的N-十八烷基二乙醇胺在水/丙三醇混合溶剂中不同温度下的黏度—剪切速率关系图。
图7是实施例11中0.49wt％的N-十八烷基二乙醇胺在水/1,2-丙二醇混合溶剂中不同温度下的黏度—剪切速率关系图。
图8是实施例12中0.49wt％的N-十八烷基二乙醇胺在水/1,3-丙二醇混合溶剂中不同温度下的黏度—剪切速率关系图。
图9是实施例13中0.44wt％的N-十八烷基二乙醇胺与水/丙三醇组成的除冰防冰液分别在铝基底(a)、玻璃基底(b)、塑料基底(c)上的防结冰效果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明所述一种烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液及其制备方法做进一步说明。
以下实施例中，所用表面活性剂、醇均为市场试剂公司购买。
实施例1
本实施例中，所述除冰防冰液的配方如下表：
组分 质量份数(共100份)
去离子水 47.05
醇：乙二醇 52.48
表面活性剂：N-十八烷基二乙醇胺 0.47
制备：在室温下将配方量的乙二醇加入到去离子水中，再加入N-十八烷基二乙醇胺，搅拌至N-十八烷基二乙醇胺完全溶解，得到除冰防冰液。
根据中华人民共和国石油化工行业标准SH/T 0090-91测定该除冰防冰液的冰点为 -40.3℃，说明本发明的除冰防冰液具有较低的冰点，能在大多数极寒环境下使用。
实施例2
本实施例中，所述除冰防冰液的配方如下表：
组分 质量份数(共100份)
去离子水 48.90
醇：1,2-丙二醇 50.61
表面活性剂：N-十八烷基二乙醇胺 0.49
制备：在室温下将配方量的1,2-丙二醇加入到去离子水中，再加入N-十八烷基二乙醇胺，搅拌至N-十八烷基二乙醇胺完全溶解，得到除冰防冰液。
根据中华人民共和国石油化工行业标准SH/T 0090-91测定该除冰防冰液的冰点为-36.6℃，说明本发明的除冰防冰液具有较低的冰点，能在大多数极寒环境下使用。
实施例3
本实施例中，所述除冰防冰液的配方如下表：
组分 质量份数(共100份)
去离子水 48.54
醇：1,3-丙二醇 50.97
表面活性剂：N-十八烷基二乙醇胺 0.49
制备：在室温下将配方量的1,3-丙二醇加入到去离子水中，再加入N-十八烷基二乙醇胺，并搅拌至N-十八烷基二乙醇胺完全溶解，得到除冰防冰液。
根据中华人民共和国石油化工行业标准SH/T 0090-91测定该除冰防冰液的冰点为-30.4℃，说明本发明的除冰防冰液具有较低的冰点，能在大多数极寒环境下使用。
实施例4
本实施例中，共有四种除冰防冰液，其配方如下表：
Figure PCTCN2019079424-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2019079424-appb-000003
制备：在室温下将不同配方量的丙三醇加入到去离子水中，再加入不同配方量的N-十八烷基二乙醇胺，并搅拌至N-十八烷基二乙醇胺完全溶解，得到除冰防冰液。
根据中华人民共和国石油化工行业标准SH/T 0090-91测定上述四种冰防冰液的冰点分别为-9.5℃、-21.0℃、-31.8℃、-51.0℃，说明本发明的除冰防冰液冰点可调节，能满足大多数环境下的使用。
实施例5
本实施例中除冰防冰液的组分、各组分的含量以及制备方法同实施例1。
使用旋转流变仪(Anto Paar，MCR 302)分别在-20℃、-10℃、0℃、10℃、20℃下测定该除冰防冰液表观黏度与剪切速率的关系，结果如图1所示。由图1可知，低剪切速率下除冰防冰液表现出较高的表观黏度，而随着剪切速率增加，黏度明显下降，即表现出明显的剪切变稀特性，符合非牛顿流体型除冰防冰液的流变性能要求。此外，该除冰防冰液的零剪切黏度随着温度降低而升高，在低温下黏度更大，适用于低温环境。
实施例6
本实施例中，所述除冰防冰液的配方如下表：
组分 质量份数(共100份)
去离子水 43.99
醇：丙三醇 55.57
表面活性剂：N-十八烷基二乙醇胺 0.44
制备：在室温下将配方量的丙三醇加入到去离子水中，再加入N-十八烷基二乙醇胺，并搅拌至N-十八烷基二乙醇胺完全溶解，得到除冰防冰液。
使用旋转流变仪(Anto Paar，MCR 302)分别在-20℃、0℃、20℃下测定表观黏度与 剪切速率的关系，结果如图2所示。由图2可知，在低剪切速率下，溶液表现出较高的表观黏度，而随着剪切速率增加，黏度明显下降，即表现出明显的剪切变稀特性，符合非牛顿流体型除冰防冰液的流变性能要求。同时，该除冰防冰液的零剪切黏度随着温度降低而明显升高，在低温下黏度更大，适用于低温环境。
实施例7
本实施例中，所述除冰防冰液的配方如下表：
组分 质量份数(共100份)
去离子水 53.80
醇：丙三醇 45.30
表面活性剂：N-十八烷基二乙醇胺 0.90
制备：在室温下将配方量的丙三醇加入到去离子水中，再加入N-十八烷基二乙醇胺，并搅拌至N-十八烷基二乙醇胺完全溶解，得到除冰防冰液。
使用旋转流变仪(Anto Paar，MCR 302)分别在-20℃、0℃、20℃下测定表观黏度与剪切速率的关系，结果如图3所示。由图3可知，在低剪切速率下，溶液表现出较高的表观黏度，而随着剪切速率增加，黏度明显下降，即表现出明显的剪切变稀特性，符合非牛顿流体型除冰防冰液的流变性能要求。同时，该除冰防冰液的零剪切黏度随着温度降低而明显升高，在低温下黏度更大，适用于低温环境。
实施例8
本实施例中，所述除冰防冰液的配方如下表：
组分 质量份数(共100份)
去离子水 43.80
醇：丙三醇 55.32
表面活性剂：N-十八烷基二乙醇胺 0.88
制备：在室温下将配方量的丙三醇加入到去离子水中，再加入N-十八烷基二乙醇胺，并搅拌至N-十八烷基二乙醇胺完全溶解，得到除冰防冰液。
使用旋转流变仪(Anto Paar，MCR 302)分别在-20℃、0℃、20℃下测定表观黏度与剪切速率的关系，结果如图4所示。由图4可知，在低剪切速率下，溶液表现出较高的表观黏度，而随着剪切速率增加，黏度明显下降，即表现出明显的剪切变稀特性，符合非牛顿流体型除冰防冰液的流变性能要求。同时，该除冰防冰液的零剪切黏度随着温度降低而明显升高，在低温下黏度更大，适用于低温环境。
实施例9
本实施例中，所述除冰防冰液的配方如下表：
组分 质量份数(共100份)
去离子水 43.90
醇：丙三醇 55.44
表面活性剂：N-十八烷基二乙醇胺 0.66
制备：在室温下将配方量的丙三醇加入到去离子水中，再加入N-十八烷基二乙醇胺，并搅拌至N-十八烷基二乙醇胺完全溶解，得到除冰防冰液。
使用旋转流变仪(Anto Paar，MCR 302)分别在-20℃、0℃、20℃下测定表观黏度与剪切速率的关系，结果如图5所示。由图5可知，在低剪切速率下，溶液表现出较高的表观黏度，而随着剪切速率增加，黏度明显下降，即表现出明显的剪切变稀特性，符合非牛顿流体型除冰防冰液的流变性能要求。同时，该除冰防冰液的零剪切黏度随着温度降低而明显升高，在低温下黏度更大，适用于低温环境。
实施例10
本实施例中，所述除冰防冰液的配方如下表：
组分 质量份数(共100份)
去离子水 43.61
醇：丙三醇 55.08
表面活性剂：N-十八烷基二乙醇胺 1.31
制备：在室温下将配方量的丙三醇加入到去离子水中，再加入N-十八烷基二乙醇胺，并 搅拌至N-十八烷基二乙醇胺完全溶解，得到除冰防冰液。
使用旋转流变仪(Anto Paar，MCR 302)分别在-20℃、0℃、20℃下测定表观黏度与剪切速率的关系，结果如图6所示。由图6可知，在低剪切速率下，溶液表现出较高的表观黏度，而随着剪切速率增加，黏度明显下降，即表现出明显的剪切变稀特性，符合非牛顿流体型除冰防冰液的流变性能要求。同时，该除冰防冰液的零剪切黏度随着温度降低而明显升高，在低温下黏度更大，适用于低温环境。
实施例11
本实施例中除冰防冰液的组分、各组分的含量以及制备方法同实施例2。
分别在-20℃、0℃、20℃下测定该除冰防冰液表观黏度与剪切速率的关系，结果如图7所示。由图7可知，在考察温度下，在低剪切速率下溶液表现出稳定的剪切平台，且表观黏度较大，而随着剪切速率增加，黏度明显下降，即表现出明显的剪切变稀特性，符合非牛顿流体型除冰防冰液的流变性能要求。
实施例12
本实施例中除冰防冰液的组分、各组分的含量以及制备方法同实施例3。
在-20℃、0℃、20℃下测定该除冰防冰液剪切速率与表观黏度的关系，结果如图8所示。由图8可知，在低剪切速率下，该溶液表现出较高的表观黏度，而随着剪切速率增加，表观黏度明显下降，即表现出明显的剪切变稀特性,，符合非牛顿流体型除防冰液的流变性能要求。
实施例13
本实施例中除冰防冰液的组分、各组分的含量以及制备方法同实施例6。
分别将铝基底、玻璃基底及塑料基底的下半部分浸入该除冰防冰液中，发现该除冰防冰液可以很容易地黏附在这些基底的表面上。再将上述基底放置在温度为-20℃、相对湿度为40％的环境下。5个小时后发现，没有黏附防冰液的基底表面几乎全部结冰，而黏附了防冰液的表面几乎没有变化(图9)。由此可知，该除冰防冰液具有优异的防结冰性能。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液，其特征在于其组分及各组分的质量百分含量如下：醇27％～66％，去离子水32％～72％，表面活性剂0.4％～2.0％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液，其特征在于所述表面活性剂为具有如下结构通式的烷基醇胺表面活性剂中的至少一种，
    Figure PCTCN2019079424-appb-100001
    其中，n为1～5，m为1～5，p为15～21，n、m、p均为整数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液，其特征在于所述烷基醇胺表面活性剂为N-十八烷基二乙醇胺。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一权利要求所述烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液，其特征在于所述醇为碳原子数2～5的二元烷基醇、碳原子数2～5的多元烷基醇中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液，其特征在于所述二元烷基醇为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇，多元烷基醇为丙三醇。
  6. 权利要求1～5中任一权利要求所述烷基醇胺表面活性剂增稠的飞机除冰防冰液的制备方法，其特征在于，将去离子水、醇混合并搅拌均匀形成混合溶剂，向所得混合溶剂中加入烷基醇胺表面活性剂搅拌至完全溶解。
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