WO2019201009A1 - 一种管件内高压外低压成型方法及成型机 - Google Patents

一种管件内高压外低压成型方法及成型机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019201009A1
WO2019201009A1 PCT/CN2019/075172 CN2019075172W WO2019201009A1 WO 2019201009 A1 WO2019201009 A1 WO 2019201009A1 CN 2019075172 W CN2019075172 W CN 2019075172W WO 2019201009 A1 WO2019201009 A1 WO 2019201009A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe
pressure fluid
high pressure
low pressure
hole
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PCT/CN2019/075172
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑俞清
陈旭琳
郑玉磊
陈绍明
邓小波
杨杰
徐炎
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保隆(安徽)汽车配件有限公司
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Priority to US17/048,519 priority Critical patent/US11338345B2/en
Publication of WO2019201009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019201009A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/041—Means for controlling fluid parameters, e.g. pressure or temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/047—Mould construction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of pipe production equipment, in particular to a high pressure external low pressure forming method and a molding machine in a pipe fitting.
  • Hot-end pipe fittings (connecting pipe fittings between automobile engine and exhaust pipe) and body structural parts (automobile floor brackets, transverse longitudinal beams, instrument beams, etc.) are mostly produced by internal high-pressure forming process, that is, injected into the inside of the pipe fittings.
  • High-pressure water, the left and right side cylinders are fed to make the product rise to the required shape;
  • the product of the hot-end pipe fittings generally has a large change in the cross-sectional area, that is, the local increase amount is large, and the up-type area is prone to cracking; the conventional process is carried out.
  • Multiple annealing and multiple molding can meet the molding requirements.
  • the specific process is: annealing one, forming one, annealing two, forming two; the forming internal pressure must be set to a small amount, generally 20-30MPa, to ensure that the pipe is not In the case of cracking, the preforming is performed once, and the annealing is used to eliminate the forming stress of the forming one.
  • the product is upgraded to the digital mold form, and the ordinary internal high pressure forming has the following disadvantages:
  • the present invention provides a high pressure external low pressure forming method and a molding machine in a pipe fitting.
  • the invention provides a high pressure external low pressure forming method for a pipe fitting, comprising the following steps:
  • the tube to be formed is placed in the cavity, and the rising portion is formed between the tube to be formed and the inner wall of the cavity, and the first through hole and the second through hole are opened in the mold, and the first through hole is extended.
  • the low-pressure fluid is continuously injected into the area, and the low-pressure fluid is discharged through the second through-hole.
  • the pressure-increasing area is always filled with the state of low-pressure fluid.
  • the pressure formed by the low-pressure fluid on the outer wall of the formed pipe is P1, P1 ⁇ P2, and P2 is the pipe to be formed. Deformation pressure threshold;
  • the ends of the pipe to be formed are sealed at both ends, and the supercharger continuously injects a high-pressure fluid into the inside of the pipe to be formed, and the high-pressure fluid forms a pressure on the outer wall of the pipe to be formed;
  • P1 remains constant.
  • the ends of the pipe to be formed are sealed by the piston rod of the first side cylinder and the piston rod of the second side cylinder, respectively, in S3, S4 and S5, the piston rod of the first side cylinder and the second The piston rod of the side cylinder moves toward the middle of the pipe to be formed.
  • the piston rod of the first side cylinder and the piston rod of the second side cylinder are withdrawn from the tube.
  • the proposed high-pressure external low-pressure forming method of the pipe member introduces a low-pressure fluid between the outer wall of the pipe to be formed and the inner wall of the cavity, and the low-pressure fluid applies a dynamic and stable pressure P1 to the pipe to be formed, so that the forming process is in the process of rising.
  • the outer wall of the pipe member has a relatively stable flexible support, and the pressure P1 of the pipe member is equal in magnitude, which can ensure that the pipe member can expand uniformly during the rising process without cracking; the low pressure fluid simultaneously serves as a lubricating pipe fitting
  • the effect of the pipe fittings can be improved; and the molding process is small, one molding is performed, and the pipe fittings are not required to be taken out and put back many times, and the processing cost is also reduced.
  • the invention also provides a high pressure external low pressure forming machine for pipe fittings, comprising a mold body, a first side cylinder, a second side cylinder, a low pressure fluid supply circuit and a high pressure fluid supply passage;
  • the mold body is provided with a cavity for placing the pipe body, the cavity penetrates the die body, the cavity includes an up-type section and a clamping section which are connected to each other, and the mold body further has at least one first through hole communicating with the rising section. And a second through hole communicating with the rising portion, the clamping portion is for fixing the pipe member, and the piston rod of the first side cylinder and the piston rod of the second side cylinder are used for sealing the two ends of the pipe member;
  • the low-pressure fluid supply circuit includes an inflow passage and a return passage, and the inflow passage communicates with the first through hole for driving the low-pressure fluid into the rising section, and the return passage is in communication with the second through-hole for discharging the low-pressure fluid from the rising section ;
  • the high pressure fluid supply passage communicates with the interior of the tubular member for delivering high pressure fluid to the interior of the tubular member.
  • the inflow path includes a low pressure fluid driving device, a first relief valve and an inflow conduit, the fluid repelling device and the first relief valve being mounted on the inflow conduit, the inflow conduit being in communication with the first through hole;
  • the return passage includes a return conduit and a second relief valve, the return conduit is in communication with the second through bore, and the second relief valve is mounted on the return conduit.
  • the first relief valve presets the first opening pressure to be P5
  • the high pressure fluid supply passage includes a high pressure fluid drive device, a supercharger and a high pressure fluid conduit, the high pressure fluid drive device and the supercharger being mounted on the high pressure fluid conduit, the high pressure fluid conduit being in communication with the tubular member to be formed.
  • the second side cylinder piston rod is provided with a through hole, the first end of the through hole is positioned on the end surface of the piston rod, the second end of the through hole is positioned on the side wall of the piston rod, and the high pressure fluid pipeline runs through The second end of the hole is connected.
  • the high pressure fluid and the low pressure fluid may be one of water, oil, air, nitrogen.
  • the proposed high-pressure external low-pressure forming machine for pipe fittings has a first through hole and a second through hole in the mold for circulating a low-pressure fluid into and out of the rising region, thereby forming a certain pressure P1 on the pipe member, and at a low pressure.
  • the fluid supply circuit is provided with a first relief valve and a second relief valve, and the pressure P1 in the up-type region is controlled to be kept constant by the first relief valve and the second relief valve, thereby ensuring uniform expansion throughout the tube. Good molding effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high pressure external low pressure forming machine for a pipe fitting according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the high pressure external low pressure forming method and the force analysis of the forming machine under the working condition of the pipe fitting according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high pressure external low pressure forming machine for a pipe fitting according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a high pressure external low pressure forming method for a pipe fitting according to the present invention and a working state of the forming machine. Schematic diagram of stress analysis.
  • a high pressure external low pressure forming method for a pipe fitting comprises the following steps:
  • the tube to be formed is placed in the cavity, and the rising portion 15 is formed between the tube to be formed and the inner wall of the cavity, and the first through hole 13 and the second through hole 14 are opened in the mold, and the first through hole is passed through the first through hole.
  • 13 is continuously injected with low-pressure fluid into the rising region 15, and the low-pressure fluid is discharged through the second through-hole 14, and the rising region 15 is always filled with a state of low-pressure fluid, and the pressure formed by the low-pressure fluid to form the outer wall of the pipe member is P1, P1 ⁇ P2, P2 is the deformation pressure threshold of the pipe to be formed, and P1 is 15 MPa in this embodiment;
  • the two ends of the pipe to be formed are sealed, and the supercharger 42 continuously injects a high-pressure fluid into the inside of the pipe to be formed, and the high-pressure fluid forms a pressure on the outer wall of the pipe to be formed;
  • the size of the P4 is 100 MPa, P4>P3, the pipe and the inner wall of the cavity are completely attached and compacted, and the pipe is fully expanded to be emptied.
  • P1 is kept constant during the rising process, and the pipe is kept uniformly expanded throughout.
  • the two ends of the pipe to be formed are sealed by the piston rod of the first side cylinder 21 and the piston rod of the second side cylinder 22, respectively, to prevent high pressure fluid from leaking out from the pipe, in S3, S4 and S5, first The piston rod of the side cylinder 21 and the piston rod of the second side cylinder 22 move toward the middle of the pipe to be formed, increasing the pressure of the high pressure fluid on the inner wall of the pipe member, and increasing the forming speed; in S6, the piston rod of the first side cylinder 21 and the second The piston rod of the side cylinder 22 is withdrawn from the tube.
  • a high pressure external low pressure forming machine for pipe fittings comprises a mold body 1, a first side cylinder 21, a second side cylinder 22, a low pressure fluid supply circuit and a high pressure fluid supply passage;
  • the mold body 1 includes an upper mold and a lower mold.
  • the upper mold and the lower mold enclose a cavity for placing the tubular member in a mold clamping state, and the cavity passes through the mold body 1.
  • the cavity includes the rising section 12 and the clamping section that communicate with each other. 11.
  • the rising section 12 is configured to expand the tubular member to form a desired shape, and the clamping section 11 is used for clamping the tubular member. After the tubular member is placed in the cavity, the two ends of the tubular member abut against the inner wall of the clamping section 11 to form a sealed connection.
  • the inner portion forms a rising portion 15 with the inner wall of the rising portion 12, and the upper mold is provided with three first through holes 13 communicating with the rising portion 12, the first through hole 13 for the low pressure fluid to enter the rising portion 15, and the lower mold for opening a second through hole 14 communicating with the rising section 12, the second through hole 14 is for discharging low pressure fluid in the rising portion 15, and the piston rod of the first side cylinder 21 and the piston rod of the second side cylinder 22 are used for The two ends of the pipe are sealed, and the two piston rods can move axially along the pipe in the pipe;
  • the low-pressure fluid supply circuit includes an inflow passage and a return passage, and the inflow passage communicates with the first through hole 13 for driving the low-pressure fluid into the rising section 12, and the inflow path includes the low-pressure fluid driving device 31 and the first overflow.
  • the valve 32 and the inflow conduit 33, the low pressure fluid driving device 31 in this embodiment is a hydraulic pump, the low pressure fluid is water, the hydraulic pump and the relief valve are installed on the inflow conduit 33, and the inflow conduit 33 is The first through hole 13 communicates, the hydraulic pump pumps the water in the water tank to the rising region 15; the return passage communicates with the second through hole 14 for discharging the low pressure fluid from the rising section 12, and the return passage includes a return conduit 34 and The second relief valve 35, the return conduit 34 is in communication with the second through hole 14, the second relief valve 35 is mounted on the return conduit 34, and the outlet of the return conduit 34 is in communication with the water tank so that the water in the extended region 15 is returned to the water tank.
  • the high pressure fluid supply passage is for communicating with the inside of the pipe for conveying high pressure fluid to the inside of the pipe.
  • the high pressure fluid supply passage includes a high pressure fluid driving device 41, a supercharger 42 and a high pressure fluid conduit 43, the high pressure fluid drive in this embodiment
  • the device 41 is a hydraulic pump, and the above-described hydraulic pump and supercharger 42 are mounted on a high pressure fluid conduit 43 which communicates with the interior of the tubular member to be formed, and the hydraulic pump pumps the water in the water tank to the inside of the tubular member.
  • the function of the relief valve in this embodiment is to maintain the pressure applied by the water in the up-type region 15 to the pipe member constant.
  • the second side cylinder 22 is provided with a through hole 221 in the piston rod of the second side cylinder 22, and the first end of the through hole 221 is positioned on the end surface of the piston rod, and the second end of the through hole 221 is positioned.
  • the high pressure fluid conduit 43 communicates with the through hole 221.
  • the pipe member is first placed in the cavity, and the low pressure driving device continuously pumps the water in the water tank through the first overflow valve 32 into the rising region.
  • the second overflow valve 35 is returned to the water tank, and the first side cylinder 21 and the second side cylinder 22 seal the two ends of the pipe member, and the high pressure driving device drives the water into the pipe fitting to fill the inside of the pipe fitting with water.
  • the pressure device 42 is operated.
  • the high pressure driving device stops working, and pressure is applied to the pipe member to deform the pipe member and finally obtain a desired shape.
  • the supercharger 42 and the low pressure fluid driving device 31 stop working.
  • the mold is taken out and the molded part is taken out, and one working cycle is completed.
  • the force of the rising zone is as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the point A of the pipe is respectively subjected to the pressure P3 of the inner wall of the pipe to be formed by the high pressure fluid and the pressure P1 of the outer wall of the pipe to be formed by the low pressure fluid.
  • point A is subjected to stresses F ⁇ 1 and F ⁇ 2 along the circumferential tangential direction, and stresses F ⁇ 1 and F ⁇ 2 are forces directly causing cracking of the tube.
  • the component force on the circumferential tangent line is exactly opposite to F ⁇ 1 and F ⁇ 2, which can be offset by F ⁇ 1 and F ⁇ 2, so that the material can flow evenly when the pipe is in the rising shape, thus avoiding the cracking phenomenon during the pipe ups.

Abstract

一种管件内高压外低压成型方法，将待成型管件放入型腔中，待成型管件与型腔内壁之间形成涨型区域（15），向涨型区域内连续通入低压流体，再向待成型管件内部注入高压流体，高压流体对待成型管件外壁形成压力使得待成型管件开始向涨型区域扩涨，当管件涨型至与型腔内壁贴合时，停止供给低压流体，取出成型管件，完成一个工作循环；还公开了一种成型机，根据上述方法成型管件；该管件内高压外低压成型机通过在模具本体（1）上开设第一通孔（13）和第二通孔（14）供低压流体循环进出涨型区域，从而对管件形成一定的压力P1，从而保证管件各处均匀膨胀，达到较好的成型效果。

Description

一种管件内高压外低压成型方法及成型机 技术领域
本发明涉及管件生产设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种管件内高压外低压成型方法及成型机。
背景技术
热端管件(汽车发动机与排气管之间的连接管件)及车身结构件(汽车地盘支架，横纵梁、仪表梁等)制作加工目前大都采用内高压成型工艺进行生产，即向管件内部注入高压水，左右侧缸进行补料，使产品涨型至需要的形状；热端管件的产品一般截面积变化比较大，即局部涨型量很大，涨型区容易产生开裂；常规工艺是进行多次退火和多次成型才能达到成型需求，具体工艺过程为：退火一，成型一，退火二，成型二；成型一时须将成型内压设定较小，一般为20-30MPa，保证管材不开裂的情况下预成型一次，退火二消除成型一的成型应力，成型二时将产品涨型至数模形态，普通内高压成型有以下缺点：
1、成型时易产生开裂，报废率高，且对焊缝质量要求高；
2、为降低成型开裂比例需要进行多次退火，消除成型应力，多次成型以满足加工需求，此工艺能耗大，设备需求量增大，加工成本高；
3、成型一时由于受原材料性能、成型一压力及退火工艺等因素的影响，成型一后产品的尺寸不能有效控制，会影响到二次成型；
4、工艺流程多，过程质量控制难度增大、成本增加。
发明内容
为解决背景技术中存在的技术问题，本发明提出一种管件内高压外低压成型方法及成型机。
本发明提出的一种管件内高压外低压成型方法，包括下列步骤：
S1、将待成型管件放入型腔中，所述待成型管件与型腔内壁之间形成涨型区域，模具上开设有第一通孔和第二通孔，通过第一通孔向涨型区域内连续注入低压流体，低压流体又通过第二通孔排出，涨型区域内始终保持充满低压流体的状态，低压流体对待成型管件外壁形成的压力为P1，P1＜P2，P2为待成型管件变形压力阈值；
S2、待成型管件两端密封，增压器连续向待成型管件内部注入高压流体，高压流体对待成型管件外壁形成压力；
S3、增大高压流体对待成型管件外壁的压力至第一压力阈值P3，P3＞P1+P2，待成型管件开始向涨型区域扩涨，涨型区域逐渐减小；
S4、当管件涨型至与型腔内壁贴合时，停止供给低压流体；
S5、继续增大高压流体对管件外壁的压力至第二压力阈值P4，P4＞P3，管件与型腔内壁完全贴合排空涨型区域内的低压流体；
S6、高压流体退回增压器，打开模具，取出成型管件，完成一个工作循环。
优选地，P1保持恒定。
优选地，在S2中，分别通过第一侧缸的活塞杆和第二侧缸的活塞杆将待成型管件两端密封，在S3、S4和S5中，第一侧缸的活塞杆和第二侧缸的活塞杆向待成型管件中部移动。
优选地，在S6中，第一侧缸的活塞杆和第二侧缸的活塞杆从管件内退出。
本发明中，所提出的管件内高压外低压成型方法，在待成型管件的外壁与型腔内壁之间通入低压流体，低压流体对待成型管件施加一个动态稳定的压力P1，使得涨型过程中管件外壁有一个相对稳定的柔性支撑，而且管件周向所受到的压力P1大小相等，可以保证管件在涨型过程中管件能够均匀膨胀开来，不会产生开裂现象；低压流体同时起到润滑管件的效果，可以提升管件的拉伸效果；并且成型工艺流程少，一次成型，不需要多次将管件取出再放回，加工成本也得到了降低。
本发明还提出的一种管件内高压外低压成型机，包括模具本体、第一侧缸、第二侧缸、低压流体供给回路和高压流体供给通路；
模具本体内设有用于放置管件的型腔，型腔贯穿模具本体，型腔包括相互连通的涨型段和夹持段，模具本体上还开设有至少一个与涨型段连通的第一通孔和至少一个与涨型段连通的第二通孔，夹持段用于固定管件，第一侧缸的活塞杆和第二侧缸的活塞杆用于将管件两端密封；
低压流体供给回路包括进流通路和回流通路，进流通路与第一通孔连通用于驱送低压流体进入涨型段，回流通路与第二通孔连通供低压流体从涨型段排出；
高压流体供给通路与管件内部连通用于向管件内部输送高压流体。
优选地，进流通路上包括低压流体驱送装置、第一溢流阀和进流管道，流体驱送装置和第一溢流阀安装在进流管道上，进流管道与第一通孔连通；回流通路包括回流管道和第二溢流阀，回流管道与第二通孔连通，第二溢流阀安装在回流管道上。
优选地，第一溢流阀预设第一开启压力为P5，第二溢流阀预设第二开启压力为P6，P5＝P6。
优选地，高压流体供给通路包括高压流体驱送装置、增压器和高压流体管道，高压流体驱送装置和增压器安装在高压流体管道上，高压流体管道与待成型管件连通。
优选地，第二侧缸活塞杆开设有贯穿孔，贯穿孔第一端定位在所述活塞杆的端面上，贯穿孔第二端定位在所述活塞杆的侧壁上，高压流体管道与贯穿孔第二端连接。
优选地，所述高压流体和低压流体可以为水、油、空气、氮气中的一种。
本发明中，所提出的管件内高压外低压成型机，通过在模具上开设第一通孔和第二通孔供低压流体循环进出涨型区域，从而对管件形成一定的压力P1，并且在低压流体供给回路设有第一溢流阀和第二溢流阀，通过第一溢流阀和第二溢流阀控制涨型区域内的压力P1保持恒定，从而保证管件各处均匀膨胀，达到较好的成型效果。
附图概述
本发明的特征、性能由以下的实施例及其附图进一步描述。
图1为本发明提出的一种管件内高压外低压成型机的结构示意图；
图2为本发明提出的一种管件内高压外低压成型方法及成型机工作状态下受力分析示意图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
如图1-2所示，图1为本发明提出的一种管件内高压外低压成型机的结构示意图，图2为本发明提出的一种管件内高压外低压成型方法及成型机工作状态下受力分析示意图。
参照图1，本发明提出的一种管件内高压外低压成型方法，包括下列步骤：
S1、将待成型管件放入型腔中，所述待成型管件与型腔内壁之间形成涨型区域15，模具上开设有第一通孔13和第二通孔14，通过第一通孔13向涨型区域15内连续注入低压流体，低压流体又通过第二通孔14排出，涨型区域15内始终保持充满低压流体的状态，低压流体对待成型管件外壁形成的压力为P1，P1＜P2，P2为待成型管件变形压力阈值，本实施中P1为15MPa；
S2、待成型管件两端密封，增压器42连续向待成型管件内部注入高压流体，高压流体对待成型管件外壁形成压力；
S3、增大高压流体对待成型管件外壁的压力至第一压力阈值P3，P3＞P1+P2，待成型管件开始向涨型区域15扩涨，涨型区域15逐渐减小；
S4、当管件涨型至与型腔内壁贴合时但还没有完全压紧时，停止供给低压流体；
S5、继续增大高压流体对管件外壁的压力至第二压力阈值P4，本实施例中P4大小为100MPa，P4＞P3，管件与型腔内壁完全贴合并压紧，管件完全膨胀开来排空涨型区域15内的低压流体；
S6、高压流体退回增压器42，打开模具，取出成型管件，完成一个工作循环。
为了更好地达到成型效果，本实施例中，在涨型过程中P1保持恒定，保持管件各处膨胀均匀。
在S2中，分别通过第一侧缸21的活塞杆和第二侧缸22的活塞杆将待成型管件两端密封，防止高压流体从管件内泄露出来，在S3、S4和S5中，第一侧缸21的活塞杆和第二侧缸22的活塞杆向待成型管件中部移动，增加高压流体对管件内壁的压力，提高成型速度；在S6中，第一侧缸21的活塞杆和第二侧缸22的活塞杆从管件内退出。
参照图1，本发明提出的一种管件内高压外低压成型机，包括模具本体1、第一侧缸21、第二侧缸22、低压流体供给回路和高压流体供给通路；
模具本体1包括上模和下模，合模状态下上模和下模围成用于放置管件的型腔，型腔贯穿模具本体1，型腔包括相互连通的涨型段12和夹持段11，涨型段12供管件膨胀形成所需要的外形，夹持段11用于夹持管件，管件放入型腔后，管件两端部抵靠在夹持段11内壁上形成密封连接，管件中部与涨型段 12内壁形成涨型区域15，上模开设有三个与涨型段12连通的第一通孔13，第一通孔13供低压流体进入涨型区域15，下模开设有一个与涨型段12连通的第二通孔14，第二通孔14供涨型区域15内的低压流体从中排出，第一侧缸21的活塞杆和第二侧缸22的活塞杆用于将管件两端密封，并且两个活塞杆在管件内可沿管件轴向移动；
低压流体供给回路包括进流通路和回流通路，进流通路与第一通孔13连通用于驱送低压流体进入涨型段12，进流通路上包括低压流体驱送装置31、第一溢流阀32和进流管道33，本实施例中的低压流体驱送装置31为液压泵，低压流体采用的是水，上述液压泵和溢流阀安装在进流管道33上，进流管道33与第一通孔13连通，上述液压泵抽送水箱内的水至涨型区域15内；回流通路与第二通孔14连通供低压流体从涨型段12排出，回流通路包括回流管道34和第二溢流阀35，回流管道34与第二通孔14连通，第二溢流阀35安装在回流管道34上，回流管道34出口与水箱连通，使得涨型区域15内的水回流至水箱内；
高压流体供给通路用于与管件内部连通用于向管件内部输送高压流体，高压流体供给通路包括高压流体驱送装置41、增压器42和高压流体管道43，本实施例中的高压流体驱送装置41为液压泵，上述液压泵和增压器42安装在高压流体管道43上，高压流体管道43与待成型管件内部连通，液压泵抽送水箱内的水至管件内部。
本实施例中溢流阀的作用在于维持涨型区域15内的水对管件施加的压力始终恒定，本实施例中第一溢流阀32预设第一开启压力为P5，第二溢流阀35预设第二开启压力为P6，P5＝P6。
在高压流体管道43与管件内部连通的设计方式上，第二侧缸22活塞杆开设有贯穿孔221，贯穿孔221第一端定位在所述活塞杆的端面上，贯穿孔221第二端定位在所述活塞杆的侧壁上，高压流体管道43与贯穿孔221相连通。
本实施例的管件内高压外低压成型机的具体工作过程中，先将管件放入型腔中，低压驱送装置连续不断的将水箱内的水经第一溢流阀32泵入涨型区域15内，再经过第二溢流阀35回流至水箱内，第一侧缸21和第二侧缸22将管件两端密封，高压驱送装置驱动水进入管件内部将管件内部注满水，增压器42 工作，此时高压驱送装置停止工作，开始向管件内施加压力，使得管件产生变形并最终得到需要的形状，成型完毕后，增压器42、低压流体驱送装置31停止工作，开模取出成型件，一个工作循环完成。
在涨型的过程中涨型区受力情况如图2所示，管件A点分别受到高压流体对待成型管件内壁的压力P3以及低压流体对待成型管件外壁的压力P1的作用。在P3作用下，A点受到沿圆周切线方向的应力Fσ1和Fσ2，而应力Fσ1和Fσ2是直接导致管材成型开裂的力。在P1作用下，在圆周切线上的分力正好与Fσ1和Fσ2相反，可以与Fσ1和Fσ2相抵消，让管材在涨型时材料能够均匀流动，从而避免了管件涨型过程中发生开裂现象。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种管件内高压外低压成型方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：
    S1、将待成型管件放入型腔中，所述待成型管件与型腔内壁之间形成涨型区域(15)，模具本体(1)上开设有第一通孔(13)和第二通孔(14)，通过第一通孔(13)向涨型区域(15)内连续注入低压流体，低压流体又通过第二通孔(14)排出，涨型区域(15)内始终保持充满低压流体的状态，低压流体对待成型管件外壁形成的压力为P1，P1＜P2，P2为待成型管件变形压力阈值；
    S2、待成型管件两端密封，增压器(42)连续向待成型管件内部注入高压流体，高压流体对待成型管件外壁形成压力；
    S3、增大高压流体对待成型管件外壁的压力至第一压力阈值P3，P3＞P1+P2，待成型管件开始向涨型区域(15)扩涨，涨型区域(15)逐渐减小；
    S4、当管件涨型至与型腔内壁贴合时，停止供给低压流体；
    S5、继续增大高压流体对管件外壁的压力至第二压力阈值P4，P4＞P3，管件与型腔内壁完全贴合排空涨型区域(15)内的低压流体；
    S6、高压流体退回增压器(42)，打开模具本体(1)，取出成型管件，完成一个工作循环。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的管件内高压外低压成型方法，其特征在于，P1保持恒定。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的管件内高压外低压成型方法，其特征在于，在S2中，分别通过第一侧缸(21)的活塞杆和第二侧缸(22)的活塞杆将待成型管件两端密封，在S3、S4和S5中，第一侧缸(21)的活塞杆和第二侧缸(22)的活塞杆向待成型管件中部移动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的管件内高压外低压成型方法，其特征在于，在S6中，第一侧缸(21)的活塞杆和第二侧缸(22)的活塞杆从管件内退出。
  5. 一种实现权利要求1-4中任一项所述的管件内高压外低压成型方法的内高压外低压成型机，其特征在于，包括模具本体(1)、第一侧缸(21)、第二侧缸(22)、低压流体供给回路和高压流体供给通路；
    模具本体(1)内设有用于放置管件的型腔，型腔贯穿模具本体(1)，型 腔包括相互连通的涨型段(12)和夹持段(11)，模具本体(1)上开设有至少一个与涨型段(12)连通的第一通孔(13)和至少一个与涨型段(12)连通的第二通孔(14)，夹持段(11)用于固定管件，第一侧缸(21)的活塞杆和第二侧缸(22)的活塞杆用于将管件两端密封；
    低压流体供给回路包括进流通路和回流通路，进流通路与第一通孔(13)连通用于驱送低压流体进入涨型段(12)，回流通路与第二通孔(14)连通供低压流体从涨型段(12)排出；
    高压流体供给通路与管件内部连通用于向管件内部输送高压流体。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的内高压外低压成型机，其特征在于，进流通路上包括低压流体驱送装置(31)、第一溢流阀(32)和进流管道(33)，流体驱送装置和第一溢流阀(32)安装在进流管道(33)上，进流管道(33)与第一通孔(13)连通；回流通路包括回流管道(34)和第二溢流阀(35)，回流管道(34)与第二通孔(14)连通，第二溢流阀(35)安装在回流管道(34)上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的内高压外低压成型机，其特征在于，第一溢流阀(32)预设第一开启压力为P5，第二溢流阀(35)预设第二开启压力为P6，P5＝P6。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的内高压外低压成型机，其特征在于，高压流体供给通路包括高压流体驱送装置(41)、增压器(42)和高压流体管道(43)，高压流体驱送装置(41)和增压器(42)安装在高压流体管道(43)上，高压流体管道(43)与待成型管件内部连通。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的内高压外低压成型机，其特征在于，第二侧缸(22)活塞杆开设有贯穿孔(221)，贯穿孔(221)第一端定位在所述活塞杆的端面上，贯穿孔(221)第二端定位在所述活塞杆的侧壁上，高压流体管道(43)与贯穿孔(221)第二端连接。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的内高压外低压成型机，其特征在于，所述高压流体和低压流体可以为水、油、空气、氮气中的一种。
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