WO2019198600A1 - 尿素の製造方法 - Google Patents
尿素の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019198600A1 WO2019198600A1 PCT/JP2019/014847 JP2019014847W WO2019198600A1 WO 2019198600 A1 WO2019198600 A1 WO 2019198600A1 JP 2019014847 W JP2019014847 W JP 2019014847W WO 2019198600 A1 WO2019198600 A1 WO 2019198600A1
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- Prior art keywords
- urea
- carbon dioxide
- control method
- supply amount
- lines
- Prior art date
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 156
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 78
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229910001039 duplex stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007806 chemical reaction intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C273/00—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C273/02—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds
- C07C273/04—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C275/00—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F15/00—Other methods of preventing corrosion or incrustation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00121—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling
- B01J2219/0013—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling by condensation of reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/0204—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
- B01J2219/0236—Metal based
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C275/00—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C275/02—Salts; Complexes; Addition compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing urea.
- Japanese Patent No. 3987607 describes the invention of a urea synthesis method and a urea synthesis apparatus, and describes that anticorrosive air is introduced into a condenser, a synthesis tower, and a stripper (paragraph numbers 0028, 0046, 0055, 0070).
- WO2014 / 192823 describes an invention of a urea synthesis method.
- the urea synthesizing apparatus for performing the urea synthesis method at least a part of the urea synthesizing tower A, the stripper B, the condenser C, and the portion where the pipe connecting them is in contact with the corrosive fluid. It is described that it can be made of austenite-ferrite duplex stainless steel with a specific composition, and that S31603 general-purpose stainless steel can be used for piping, valves, etc., depending on the corrosive environment.
- WO 2014/192823 describes that the amount of anticorrosive oxygen to be supplied can be reduced, the inert gas is reduced, and the reaction yield is improved (effect of the invention). Summary of the Invention
- This invention makes it a subject to provide the manufacturing method of urea which can raise the reaction yield of urea by suppressing the corrosion of the processing apparatus and line of the said plant at the time of manufacturing urea by a urea plant.
- the present invention is a method for producing urea from a production raw material containing ammonia and carbon dioxide in a urea production plant
- the urea production plant has a plurality of processing apparatuses including a reactor, a stripper, and a condenser, and a plurality of lines connecting the plurality of processing apparatuses.
- Inner wall surfaces of the plurality of processing devices and the plurality of lines are made of stainless steel, and at least a part of the plurality of lines is made of austenitic stainless steel,
- a passive film is formed on the inner wall surfaces of the plurality of processing devices and the plurality of lines by supplying oxygen to the carbon dioxide which is the manufacturing raw material, and from austenitic stainless steel.
- the thickness of the line is continuously measured, and the corrosion rate and the reaction yield of urea are controlled by adjusting the supply amount of oxygen according to the measured value of the thickness (control method (A))
- a method for producing urea is provided.
- the present invention is a method for producing urea from a production raw material containing ammonia and carbon dioxide in a urea production plant
- the urea production plant has a plurality of processing apparatuses including a reactor, a stripper, and a condenser, and a plurality of lines connecting the plurality of processing apparatuses.
- Inner wall surfaces of the plurality of processing devices and the plurality of lines are made of stainless steel, and at least a part of the plurality of lines is made of austenitic stainless steel,
- a passive film is formed on the inner wall surfaces of the plurality of treatment devices and the plurality of lines by supplying oxygen to the carbon dioxide which is the production raw material, and in urea or ammonia.
- Control method (B) Measures the concentration and operating temperature of dissolved iron, chromium or nickel, and controls the corrosion rate and the reaction yield of urea by adjusting the oxygen supply amount according to the measured value of the concentration and the operating temperature (Control method (B)) to provide a method for producing urea.
- the present invention is a method for producing urea from a production raw material containing ammonia and carbon dioxide in a urea production plant
- the urea production plant is A reactor for producing a urea synthesis solution using carbon dioxide and ammonia as raw materials;
- a plurality of processing apparatuses including a condenser that absorbs at least a part of the mixed gas obtained by the stripper by an absorption medium and condenses, and generates low-pressure steam using heat generated during the condensation; It has a plurality of lines connecting the plurality of processing devices, Inner wall surfaces of the plurality of processing devices and the plurality of lines are made of stainless steel, and at least a part of the plurality of lines is made of austenitic stainless steel, Provided is a urea production method for carrying out any one of the following control methods
- a passive film is formed on the inner wall surfaces of the plurality of treatment devices and the plurality of lines by supplying oxygen to the production raw material carbon dioxide, and an austenitic system
- a control method for controlling the corrosion rate and the reaction yield of urea by continuously measuring the thickness of the line made of stainless steel and adjusting the oxygen supply amount according to the measured value of the thickness.
- the yield of urea can be maintained by suppressing corrosion of the processing equipment and line of the urea production plant in the urea production process.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the urea production method of the present invention.
- the urea production plant shown in FIG. 1 is an embodiment for carrying out the urea production method of the present invention, and is not limited to this.
- the urea production flow itself in the urea plant shown in FIG. 1 is publicly known.
- the production flow shown in FIG. 3 of Japanese Patent No. 3987607 is substantially the same as the production flow shown in FIG. 2 of WO2014 / 192823. It is.
- Reactor 1, stripper 2, condenser 3, heat exchanger 5, and ejector 6 shown in FIG. 1 are urea synthesis tower A, stripper C, and condenser B (including scrubber F) shown in FIG. 3 of Japanese Patent No. 3987607, respectively.
- Heat exchanger D and ejector G are urea synthesis tower A, stripper C, and condenser B (including scrubber F) shown in FIG. 3 of Japanese Patent No. 3987607, respectively.
- the corrosion rate and the reaction yield of urea are controlled by adjusting the supply amount of oxygen according to a specific measurement value.
- the production method including specific production procedures and reaction conditions is not particularly limited.
- the same production procedure as the production method described in Paragraph No. 0052 to Paragraph No. 0062 or Example 3 using the urea production plant shown in FIG. 3 of Japanese Patent No. 3987607 Urea can also be produced by a production method using the same production procedure and conditions as in the production method described in paragraph No. 0040 to paragraph No. 0048 or paragraph No. 0060 of WO2014 / 192823. .
- ammonia is supplied to the lower part of the reactor 1 from the ammonia supply line 10, and in parallel with this, carbon dioxide is supplied to the lower part of the reactor 1 from the carbon dioxide supply lines 11, 11a.
- the reactor 1 is an apparatus for generating a urea synthesis solution using carbon dioxide and ammonia as raw materials.
- the reactor 1 is made of, for example, carbon steel, and a lining layer made of duplex stainless steel is formed on a portion corresponding to the inner wall surface. For this reason, the reactor 1 cannot measure the thickness from the outside with an ultrasonic thickness measuring device.
- urea, ammonium carbamate which is a reaction intermediate, water, unreacted ammonia are present as a liquid phase, and some unreacted ammonia, unreacted carbon dioxide and inert gas are present. It exists as a gas phase.
- the inert gas is an impurity such as air (oxygen) supplied for the purpose of anticorrosion and hydrogen contained in the raw carbon dioxide.
- the reaction conditions in the reactor 1 can be the same as when using the urea production plant shown in FIG. 3 of Japanese Patent No. 3987607.
- the pressure is 130 to 250 bar (13,000 to 25, 000 kPa)
- N / C molar ratio of ammonia to carbon dioxide
- H / C molar ratio of water to carbon dioxide
- residence time is 10 to 40 minutes
- the temperature is preferably 180 to 200 ° C.
- the pressure is increased by a compressor (connected to the carbon dioxide supply lines 11 and 11a, but not shown), and an adjusted amount of oxygen is mixed.
- the oxygen may be pure oxygen or air.
- air it is preferable to supply air through an air filter or the like.
- the ammonia is preheated to about 70 to 90 ° C. via the heat exchanger 5, and then supplied to the reactor 1 together with the ammonia recovered from the condenser 3 by the ejector 6. Is done.
- the gas-liquid mixture obtained in the reactor 1 is sent from the gas-liquid mixture line 12 to the top of the stripper 2.
- the stripper 2 is an apparatus for separating a mixed gas containing unreacted ammonia and unreacted carbon dioxide from the urea synthesis solution by heating the urea synthesis solution generated in the reactor 1.
- the stripper 2 is made of, for example, carbon steel, and a lining layer made of a duplex stainless steel is formed in a portion corresponding to the inner wall surface. For this reason, the stripper 2 cannot measure the thickness from the outside by an ultrasonic thickness measuring device.
- carbon dioxide gas that functions as a stripping agent is supplied from the carbon dioxide supply lines 11 and 11b.
- the stripper 2 is heated by a heating device (not shown) so that the temperature inside can be raised.
- the operating conditions in the stripper 2 can be the same as when the urea production plant shown in FIG. 3 of Japanese Patent No. 3987607 is used.
- the pressure is 130 to 250 bar (13,000 to 25,000 kPa).
- 140 to 200 bar (14,000 to 20,000 kPa) and a temperature of 160 to 200 ° C.
- ammonium carbamate in the gas-liquid mixture is decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide by introducing carbon dioxide that functions as a heating and stripping agent, and high temperatures of unreacted ammonia, carbon dioxide, inert gas, and water (steam).
- the mixed gas is sent from the return gas line 14 to the bottom of the condenser 3.
- Urea in the gas-liquid mixture, a trace amount of ammonium carbamate that has not been decomposed, ammonia that has not been separated, carbon dioxide, and the like are recovered from the urea recovery line 13 at the bottom of the stripper 2.
- Urea recovered from the urea recovery line 13 is further refined in a later step (low pressure decomposition step) to increase the purity, and a small amount of residual ammonium carbamate is decomposed to a low temperature recycle liquid containing ammonia and carbon dioxide ( (Including unreacted ammonia and carbon dioxide), and sent from the recycling line 17 to the top (scrubber) of the condenser 3 as an absorption medium.
- the condenser 3 is a device for absorbing at least a part of the mixed gas obtained by the stripper 2 by the absorption medium and condensing it, and generating low-pressure steam using heat generated during the condensation.
- Ammonia contained in the high-temperature mixed gas supplied to the bottom of the condenser 3 is cooled and condensed, and then sent to the raw material ammonia supply line 10 from the down pipe 15 by the suction action by the ejector 6, and urea. Reused as manufacturing raw material.
- the ammonia and carbon dioxide are absorbed and removed, and the inert gas is discharged from the exhaust line 16.
- the capacitor 3 is made of, for example, carbon steel, and a lining layer made of a duplex stainless steel is formed on a portion corresponding to the inner wall surface. For this reason, the capacitor 3 cannot measure the thickness from the outside with an ultrasonic thickness measuring device.
- the operating condition of the condenser 3 can be the same as that in the case of using the urea production plant shown in FIG. 3 of Japanese Patent No. 3987607.
- the pressure is 140 to 250 bar (14,000 to 25,000 kPa).
- the temperature is 130 to 250 ° C. (preferably 170 to 190 ° C.)
- N / C is 2.5 to 3.5
- H / C is 1.0 or less
- the residence time is preferably 10 to 30 minutes.
- each line having the thickness measuring portions 30 to 37 by the ultrasonic thickness measuring device is made of an austenitic stainless steel pipe.
- S31603 (316L SS) can be used as the austenitic stainless steel, and as the duplex stainless steel, for example, 25Cr duplex stainless steel (S31260), 28Cr duplex stainless steel (S32808: DP28W). Can be used. Since each line is made of a single material, the thickness can be measured from the outside with an ultrasonic thickness measuring instrument.
- oxygen is mixed in the raw carbon dioxide to form a passive film on the surface of the stainless steel, thereby suppressing the contact between the ammonium carbamate and the stainless steel, and suppressing the corrosion of the stainless steel.
- austenitic stainless steel has a property that more oxygen is required because a passive film is formed as compared with duplex stainless steel.
- the oxygen concentration in the raw carbon dioxide is too high, the temperature inside the reactor 1 and the condenser 3 cannot be raised sufficiently, and the reaction rate cannot be increased. If the oxygen concentration is too low, the corrosion of stainless steel proceeds excessively.
- FIG. 5 of WO2014 / 192823 shows the relationship between the oxygen concentration in the gas phase (horizontal axis) and the corrosion rate (vertical axis).
- Austenitic stainless steel (S31603) is a 25Cr duplex stainless steel. Compared to steel (S31260) and 28Cr duplex stainless steel (S32808), it is difficult to form a passive film. Therefore, when the oxygen concentration is low, the corrosion rate increases. It has been shown that the rate of corrosion is reduced due to the formation of a dynamic film.
- control methods (A) to (C) it is preferable to implement any one of the following control methods (A) to (C), any two control methods, or three control methods.
- Control method (A) is a urea production method in which oxygen is added to carbon dioxide, which is a production raw material, and supplied to supply a plurality of processing devices (including reactor 1, stripper 2, and condenser 3) and a plurality of lines. Corrosion rate and urea reaction by forming a passive film on the wall and continuously measuring the wall thickness of austenitic stainless steel lines and adjusting the oxygen supply according to the measured thickness This is a control method for controlling the yield.
- s The corrosion rate s (mm / year) is obtained from (t1-t2) / (operation time) (t1 indicates the initial thickness of each line at the thickness measurement sites 30 to 37 before operation).
- the initial thickness t1 of each line is known (measured value or standard value), and the value obtained by dividing the difference from the thickness t2 after operation of each line by the operation time is the corrosion rate s.
- the change in the corrosion rate s can be continuously confirmed.
- the control method (A) if the corrosion rate s becomes too large, the oxygen supply amount (the amount of air in an oxygen conversion amount when air is used) is increased, and if the corrosion rate s is sufficiently small, oxygen is increased.
- the supply amount By reducing the supply amount, it becomes possible to suppress the increase / decrease range of the reaction yield of urea as small as possible, so that urea can be produced with a stable reaction yield.
- the corrosion rate s in each line when operating the urea production plant shown in FIG. 1 is preferably controlled to be not more than 0.2 mm / year from the relationship with the reaction yield of urea, and 0.15 mm / More preferably, it is controlled below year.
- Control method (B) measures corrosion by measuring the concentration and operating temperature of iron, chromium or nickel dissolved in urea or ammonia, and adjusting the supply amount of oxygen according to the measured value of concentration and operating temperature. It is a control method that controls the rate and the reaction yield of urea.
- sampling can be performed at sampling positions 40 to 42, for example.
- sampling position 40 for example, after sampling the gas-liquid mixture containing urea flowing through the gas-liquid mixture line 12, ammonium carbamate as a reaction intermediate, and unreacted gas (ammonia and carbon dioxide), and measuring the temperature together, Measure the concentration of each ion of iron, chromium or nickel.
- urea and a small amount of ammonium carbamate flowing through the urea recovery line 13 are sampled, and the temperature is measured at the same time, and then each ion concentration of iron, chromium and nickel in the sample is measured.
- a liquid containing ammonia flowing through the down pipe 15 is sampled, and the temperature is measured at the same time, and then each ion concentration of iron, chromium or nickel in the sample is measured.
- the number of iron, chromium, or nickel ions to be measured may be any one, a combination of any two, or all three.
- the sampling location is not particularly limited, and a plurality of locations (preferably 3 locations or more) can be selected.
- a plurality of locations preferably 3 locations or more
- the outlet side line (urea recovery line 13) and the condenser 3 outlet side line (down pipe 15) are preferable.
- the operation temperature of the reactor 1, the stripper 2, and the condenser 3 in the vicinity of each sampling location.
- the temperature can be measured using a known thermometer such as a thermocouple or a resistance temperature detector.
- control method (B) When the concentration of iron, chromium and nickel is high and the temperature at the sampling position is high, the oxygen supply amount is increased to form a passive film (the first form of the control method (B)), When the concentration of iron, chromium and nickel is low and the temperature at the sampling position is low, the oxygen supply amount is decreased (second form of control method (B)), When the concentration of iron, chromium and nickel is high and the temperature at the sampling position is low, the oxygen supply amount is increased (however, the increase amount is less than in the first embodiment) to form a passive film (control method (B ) Third form)), When the concentration of iron, chromium and nickel is low and the temperature at the sampling position is high, the oxygen supply amount is decreased (however, the decrease amount is smaller than that in the second mode) (the fourth mode of the control method (B)). By implementing either one, it becomes possible to suppress the increase / decrease width of the reaction yield of urea, so that urea can be produced with
- Control method (C) The control method (C) is introduced as operating pressures and operating temperatures of a plurality of processing apparatuses (reactors, strippers, condensers), a flow rate of carbon dioxide introduced as a raw material, an oxygen amount in the raw carbon dioxide, and a raw material.
- a processing apparatuses reactors, strippers, condensers
- a flow rate of carbon dioxide introduced as a raw material
- an oxygen amount in the raw carbon dioxide and a raw material.
- the corrosion rate of each of a plurality of processing devices and the corrosion rate of a plurality of lines connecting a plurality of processing devices are calculated, and the rate of corrosion is adjusted by adjusting the oxygen supply rate. This is a control method for controlling the reaction yield of urea.
- the operating temperature of the reactor 1 can be measured, for example, at the measurement site (measurement device) 51 in the upper part (preferably near the top) of the reactor 1 or the measurement site (measurement device) 54 in the lower part.
- the operating temperature of the stripper 2 can be measured, for example, at a measurement site (measuring instrument) 52 in the upper part (preferably near the top) of the stripper 2 or a measurement site (measuring instrument) 55 in the lower part.
- the operating temperature of the condenser 3 can be measured, for example, at a measurement part (measuring instrument) 53 in the upper part (preferably near the top) of the condenser 3 or a measurement part (measuring instrument) 56 in the lower part.
- reactor 1, stripper 2 and condenser 3 are almost the same. These pressures can be measured by, for example, an ammonia injection line to the line 11b or the condenser 3 (not shown).
- the flow rate of carbon dioxide introduced as a raw material can be measured, for example, in the carbon dioxide supply lines 11 and 11a.
- the amount of oxygen in the raw carbon dioxide can be calculated from, for example, the amount of air introduced into the compressor, since the pressure is raised by the compressor and the adjusted amount of oxygen is mixed when supplying carbon dioxide to the reactor 1.
- the flow rate of ammonia introduced as a raw material can be measured, for example, in the ammonia supply line 10.
- the corrosion rates of the reactor 1, the stripper 2 and the condenser 3, and the corrosion rates of the plurality of lines (the gas-liquid mixture line 12, the return gas line 14, and the down pipe 15) connecting the reactor 1, the stripper 2 and the condenser 3 are as described above. Can be obtained as follows from the operation data, the operation pressure, the flow rate of carbon dioxide, the oxygen concentration in carbon dioxide, and the flow rate of ammonia. Based on the relationship between the measurement data and the corrosion rate in the control method of (A), the corrosion rate increases as the operating temperature increases, the corrosion rate increases as the ammonium carbamate concentration increases, and the oxygen concentration in carbon dioxide increases. It can be determined considering that the corrosion rate decreases as the value increases.
- control method (A), the control method (B), and the control method (C) are performed in this order.
- step (1) urea production is started, for example, according to the production flow shown in FIG. After the start of the production of urea, control methods (A) to (C) for controlling the corrosion rate and the reaction yield of urea are performed by adjusting the oxygen supply rate.
- step (2) it is determined whether to increase or maintain the supply amount of air (oxygen) in the raw carbon dioxide by the control method (A).
- the process proceeds to step (3).
- the corrosion rate obtained in the control method (A) exceeds the allowable value (No)
- the process proceeds to step (5) to increase the anticorrosion effect, and the supply amount of air (oxygen) in the raw carbon dioxide
- the production of urea is continued in a state in which In the step (2), when the flow shifts to the step (5) and the supply amount of air (oxygen) in the raw carbon dioxide is increased, the step (3) and the subsequent steps are not performed.
- step (3) it is determined whether to increase or maintain the supply amount of air (oxygen) in the raw carbon dioxide by the control method (B).
- the process proceeds to step (4).
- the corrosion rate obtained in the control method (B) exceeds the allowable value (No)
- the process proceeds to step (5) to increase the anticorrosion effect, and the supply amount of air (oxygen) in the raw carbon dioxide
- the production of urea is continued in a state in which In the step (3), when the flow shifts to the step (5) and the supply amount of air (oxygen) in the raw carbon dioxide is increased, the step (4) and the subsequent steps are not performed.
- step (4) it is determined whether to increase or maintain the supply amount of air (oxygen) in the raw carbon dioxide by the control method (C).
- the process proceeds to step (5).
- the corrosion rate obtained in the control method (C) exceeds the allowable value (No)
- the process proceeds to step (5) to increase the anticorrosion effect, and the supply amount of air (oxygen) in the raw carbon dioxide
- step (4) when the flow proceeds to step (5) and the supply amount of air (oxygen) in the raw carbon dioxide is increased, step (6) and subsequent steps are not performed.
- step (6) the control methods (A) to (C) are comprehensively evaluated to determine whether to reduce or maintain the supply amount of air (oxygen) in the raw carbon dioxide.
- the corrosion rates obtained in the control methods (A) to (C) if any of the corrosion rates is less than or equal to the allowable value, but is close to the allowable value (for example, 95 of the allowable value of the corrosion rate) %), The process proceeds to step (7), and the supply amount of air (oxygen) in the raw carbon dioxide is maintained as it is.
- the corrosion rates obtained in the control methods (A) to (C) are all far below the allowable value (for example, when the corrosion rate is 95% or less of the allowable value)
- go to step (8) the supply amount of air (oxygen) in the raw carbon dioxide is reduced.
- the present invention includes the following embodiments in addition to the embodiments described above.
- the processing apparatus such as the reactor 1, the stripper 2, and the condenser 3 in the urea production plant shown in FIG. 1 is made of carbon steel, and a lining layer made of a duplex stainless steel is formed on a portion corresponding to the inner wall surface. Therefore, the thickness cannot be measured from the outside by an ultrasonic thickness measuring device.
- the processing devices such as the reactor 1, the stripper 2, and the condenser 3 are in a high temperature and high pressure state during operation, and the inside cannot be observed, the corrosion state of the processing device during the operation of the urea production plant is not observed. It cannot be confirmed directly.
- each line shown in FIG. 1 is made of a single material stainless steel, the thickness can be measured from the outside with an ultrasonic thickness measuring instrument, so that the corrosion state can be confirmed. .
- operation data such as the temperature, pressure, and operation time of the processing devices such as the reactor 1, the stripper 2, and the condenser 3 during operation are acquired, and acquisition of those data is performed.
- the thickness of each line can be measured and accumulated as related data.
- the operation of the urea production plant shown in FIG. 1 is periodically stopped, and the corrosion state of the lining layer made of a duplex stainless steel inside the processing apparatus such as the reactor 1, the stripper 2 and the condenser 3 is observed and data is obtained.
- the thickness data of each line can be used to compare It becomes possible to estimate the corrosion state of the steel. By doing in this way, the state of corrosion inside each processing apparatus can be estimated from the change data of the wall thickness of each line while the urea production plant is continuously operated. Without stopping, it becomes possible to check the replacement time and maintenance time of each processing apparatus, and a stable urea production operation can be performed.
- this embodiment does not increase or decrease the oxygen supply amount (the amount of oxygen in terms of oxygen when using air) as in the control method (A) and control method (B) described above, but does not produce urea. It is suitable for producing urea in a state where a certain amount of oxygen is introduced into the raw material (when air is used, an oxygen equivalent amount of air).
- the control method (A) and the control method (B) described above are suitable. It can also be implemented in combination with one or both.
- Example 1 Test pieces made of stainless steel (28Cr type duplex stainless steel; S32808, austenitic stainless steel; S31603) were immersed in the urea solution synthesized in the autoclave. In this state, oxygen was gradually introduced into the autoclave, and the amount of oxygen when a passive film was formed on the test piece (Passive Corrosion) was measured. The test temperature was 195 ° C. The results are shown in FIG.
- a passive film is formed on the inner wall surfaces of the plurality of processing apparatuses and the plurality of lines constituting the urea plant shown in FIG. 1, and dissolved in urea or ammonia. It was confirmed that the corrosion rate can be controlled by measuring the concentration of iron, chromium and nickel and the operating temperature, and adjusting the oxygen supply amount according to the measured values of the concentration and the operating temperature. Furthermore, since it is a well-known fact that the reaction yield of urea decreases when the amount of oxygen (air amount) is large in the urea production process, this is combined with controlling the corrosion rate by adjusting the oxygen supply amount. Thus, it was confirmed that the reaction yield of urea can also be controlled.
- Example 2 In the process of producing urea by the production flow of the urea production plant shown in FIG. 1, the following control methods (A), (B) and (C) were carried out.
- Control method (A) 60 days after the start of urea production operation, the wall thickness (wall thickness measurement) of the return gas line 14 (initial wall thickness 23.01 mm) made of S31603 general-purpose stainless steel (austenitic stainless steel) connecting the stripper 2 and the condenser 3
- the part 35) was measured with an ultrasonic thickness gauge (an ultrasonic thickness gauge manufactured by GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies Co., Ltd., compact, simple operation, high performance ultrasonic thickness gauge DM5E series).
- the corrosion rate obtained from the difference between the measured thickness and the initial thickness and the elapsed time was 0.12 mm / year.
- the concentration of oxygen supplied in the raw carbon dioxide between the start of operation and the time of measurement was 5500 ppm, and the operating temperature (average value) was 183 ° C.
- Control method (B) The iron concentration in the solution at the outlet of the stripper 2 (sampling position 41) was 0.8 ppm, and the operating temperature at that time was 171 ° C. From the obtained iron concentration, it was determined that a passive film was formed on each inner wall surface of the reactor 1, the gas-liquid mixture line 12, and the stripper 2 located upstream from the sampling position 41. This indicates that the step (3) is “Yes” in the embodiment shown in FIG.
- Control method (C) The operating temperature and operating pressure of the measurement parts 51 to 53 were as follows. Measurement site 51: temperature 186 ° C., pressure 151 kg / cm 2 G Measurement site 52: temperature 188 ° C., pressure 151 kg / cm 2 G Measurement site 53: temperature 180 ° C., pressure 151 kg / cm 2 G
- the flow rate of carbon dioxide (measured in the carbon dioxide supply lines 11 and 11a) was 45000 Nm 3 / h.
- the amount of oxygen in the raw carbon dioxide was 250 Nm 3 / h (calculated from the amount of air introduced into the compressor).
- the flow rate of ammonia (measured with the ammonia supply line 10) was 69 t / h. From the above measurement results and data including the corrosion rate in the control method (A), the corrosion rate of each device and each line was calculated as follows.
- Capacitor 3 (inner wall surface is S31603 general-purpose stainless steel): 0.09 mm / year, temperature (180 ° C.)
- Stripper 2 (inner wall surface is duplex stainless steel): 0.10 mm / year, temperature (188 ° C.)
- Reactor 1 (inner wall surface is S31603 general-purpose stainless steel): 0.14 mm / year, temperature (186 ° C.)
- Return gas line 14 from the stripper 2 to the condenser 3 (the inner wall surface is S31603 general-purpose stainless steel): 0.16 mm / year, temperature (188 ° C.)
- Down pipe 15 from condenser 3 to reactor 1 (inner wall surface is S31603 general-purpose stainless steel): 0.09 mm / year, temperature (180 ° C.)
- Gas-liquid mixture line 12 from the reactor 1 to the stripper 2 (inner wall surface is S31603 general-purpose stainless steel): 0.14 mm
- step (4) is “Yes” in the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the corrosion rate was less than the allowable value and the amount of oxygen could be reduced, and the oxygen concentration in the raw carbon dioxide was reduced to 4500 ppm (step (6) ⁇ step (8) shown in FIG. 2).
- the urea production method of the present invention can produce urea with a good reaction yield while extending the plant life when producing urea using a known urea production plant. And it can be used as a production method capable of reducing the production cost of urea.
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Abstract
Description
背景技術
発明の概要
前記尿素製造プラントが、リアクター、ストリッパーおよびコンデンサーを含む複数の処理装置および前記複数の処理装置を接続する複数本のラインを有しているものであり、
前記複数の処理装置および前記複数本のラインの内壁面がステンレス鋼からなり、前記複数本のラインのうち少なくとも一部がオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなるものであり、
前記尿素製造方法において、前記製造原料である二酸化炭素に酸素を加えて供給することで前記複数の処理装置および前記複数本のラインの内壁面に不動態皮膜を形成させると共に、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなる前記ラインの肉厚を連続的に測定し、前記肉厚の測定値に応じて前記酸素の供給量を調整することで腐食速度と尿素の反応収率を制御する(制御方法(A))、尿素の製造方法を提供する。
前記尿素製造プラントが、リアクター、ストリッパーおよびコンデンサーを含む複数の処理装置および前記複数の処理装置を接続する複数本のラインを有しているものであり、
前記複数の処理装置および前記複数本のラインの内壁面がステンレス鋼からなり、前記複数本のラインのうち少なくとも一部がオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなるものであり、
前記尿素製造方法において、前記製造原料である二酸化炭素に酸素を加えて供給することで前記複数の処理装置および前記複数本のラインの内壁面に不動態皮膜を形成させると共に、尿素またはアンモニア中に溶存している鉄、クロムまたはニッケルの濃度と運転温度を測定し、前記濃度と前記運転温度の測定値に応じて前記酸素の供給量を調整することで腐食速度と尿素の反応収率を制御する(制御方法(B))、尿素の製造方法を提供する。
前記尿素製造プラントが、
二酸化炭素とアンモニアを原料として尿素合成液を生成させるためのリアクターと、
前記リアクターで生成させた尿素合成液を加熱することによって、アンモニウムカーバメートを分解し、かつアンモニアと二酸化炭素を含む混合ガスを前記尿素合成液から分離するためのストリッパーと、
前記ストリッパーで得られる前記混合ガスの少なくとも一部を吸収媒体に吸収させて凝縮させ、この凝縮の際に生じる熱を用いて低圧スチームを発生させるコンデンサーを含む複数の処理装置と、
前記複数の処理装置を接続する複数本のラインを有しているものであり、
前記複数の処理装置および前記複数本のラインの内壁面がステンレス鋼からなり、前記複数本のラインのうち少なくとも一部がオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなるものであり、
下記の制御方法(A)~(C)のいずれか一つの制御方法、いずれか二つの制御方法、または三つの制御方法を実施する、尿素の製造方法を提供する。
(A)前記尿素製造方法において、前記製造原料である二酸化炭素に酸素を加えて供給することで前記複数の処理装置および前記複数本のラインの内壁面に不動態皮膜を形成させると共に、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなる前記ラインの肉厚を連続的に測定し、前記肉厚の測定値に応じて前記酸素の供給量を調整することで腐食速度と尿素の反応収率を制御する制御方法。
(B)尿素またはアンモニア中に溶存している鉄、クロムまたはニッケルの濃度と運転温度を測定し、前記濃度と前記運転温度の測定値に応じて前記酸素の供給量を調整することで腐食速度と尿素の反応収率を制御する制御方法。
(C)前記複数の処理装置の運転圧力とそれぞれの運転温度、前記原料として導入される二酸化炭素の流量、前記原料二酸化炭素中の酸素量、前記原料として導入されるアンモニアの流量を測定することで、前記複数の処理装置のそれぞれの腐食速度と、前記複数の処理装置を接続する複数のラインの腐食速度を算定して、前記酸素の供給量を調整することで腐食速度と尿素の反応収率を制御する制御方法。
制御方法(A)は、尿素製造方法において、製造原料である二酸化炭素に酸素を加えて供給することで複数の処理装置(リアクター1、ストリッパー2、コンデンサー3を含む)および複数本のラインの内壁面に不動態皮膜を形成させると共に、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなるラインの肉厚を連続的に測定し、肉厚の測定値に応じて酸素の供給量を調整することで腐食速度と尿素の反応収率を制御する制御方法である。
制御方法(B)は、尿素またはアンモニア中に溶存している鉄、クロムまたはニッケルの濃度と運転温度を測定し、濃度と運転温度の測定値に応じて酸素の供給量を調整することで腐食速度と尿素の反応収率を制御する制御方法である。
鉄、クロムおよびニッケルの濃度が高く、サンプリング位置の温度が高いときは酸素供給量を増加させて不動態皮膜を形成させる(制御方法(B)の第1形態)、
鉄、クロムおよびニッケルの濃度が低く、サンプリング位置の温度が低いときは酸素供給量を減少させる(制御方法(B)の第2形態)、
鉄、クロムおよびニッケルの濃度が高く、サンプリング位置の温度が低いときは酸素供給量を増加させて(但し、第1形態よりも増加量は少なくする)不動態皮膜を形成させる(制御方法(B)の第3形態)、
鉄、クロムおよびニッケルの濃度が低く、サンプリング位置の温度が高いときは酸素供給量を減少(但し、第2形態よりも減少量は少なくする)させる(制御方法(B)の第4形態)のいずれかを実施することで、尿素の反応収率の増減幅を抑制することができるようになるため、安定した反応収率で尿素を製造できるようになる。
制御方法(C)は、複数の処理装置(リアクター、ストリッパー、コンデンサー)の運転圧力とそれぞれの運転温度、原料として導入される二酸化炭素の流量、原料二酸化炭素中の酸素量、原料として導入されるアンモニアの流量を測定することで、複数の処理装置のそれぞれの腐食速度と、複数の処理装置を接続する複数のラインの腐食速度を算定して、酸素の供給量を調整することで腐食速度と尿素の反応収率を制御する制御方法である。
実施例
オートクレーブ内にて合成した尿素液中にステンレス鋼(28Cr系二相ステンレス鋼;S32808、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼;S31603)製の試験片をそれぞれ浸漬した。この状態で、オートクレーブに徐々に酸素を導入して、試験片に不動態皮膜が形成された時(Passive Corrosion)の酸素量を測定した。試験温度は、195℃で実施した。結果を図3に示す。
図1に示す尿素製造プラントの製造フローにより尿素を製造する過程において、下記の制御方法(A)、(B)および(C)を実施した。
尿素の製造運転開始から60日後において、ストリッパー2とコンデンサー3をつなぐ、S31603系汎用ステンレス鋼(オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼)からなる返送ガスライン14(初期肉厚23.01mm)の肉厚(肉厚測定部位35)を超音波肉厚計(GEセンシング&インスペクション・テクノロジーズ株式会社の超音波厚さ計、小型・シンプル操作・高性能 超音波厚さ計DM5Eシリーズ)にて測定した。前記測定肉厚と初期肉厚の差と経過時間から求められる腐食速度は0.12mm/yearであった。運転開始から測定時点の間における原料二酸化炭素中に供給された酸素濃度は5500ppm、運転温度(平均値)は183℃であった。
ストリッパー2の出口(サンプリング位置41)における溶液中の鉄濃度は0.8ppm、その時の運転温度は171℃であった。得られた鉄の濃度から、サンプリング位置41よりも上流に位置する、リアクター1、気液混合物ライン12、ストリッパー2のそれぞれの内壁面には、不働態皮膜が形成されていると判断した。これは図2に示す実施形態において、段階(3)が「Yes」であることを示すから、段階(4)に移行する。
測定部位51~53の運転温度と運転圧力は、次のとおりであった。
測定部位51:温度186℃、圧力151kg/cm2G
測定部位52:温度188℃、圧力151kg/cm2G
測定部位53:温度180℃、圧力151kg/cm2G
(ii)ストリッパー2(内壁面が二相系ステンレス鋼):0.10mm/year、温度(188℃)
(iii)リアクター1(内壁面がS31603系汎用ステンレス鋼):0.14mm/year、温度(186℃)
(iv)ストリッパー2からコンデンサー3への返送ガスライン14(内壁面がS31603系汎用ステンレス鋼):0.16mm/year、温度(188℃)
(v)コンデンサー3からリアクター1へのダウンパイプ15(内壁面がS31603系汎用ステンレス鋼):0.09mm/year、温度(180℃)
(vi)リアクター1からストリッパー2への気液混合物ライン12(内壁面がS31603系汎用ステンレス鋼):0.14mm/year、温度(186℃)
(i)~(vi)では、いずれの場合も原料二酸化炭素中に供給された酸素濃度は5525ppmであり、得られた腐食速度から、各機器の内壁面、各ラインの内壁面には不働態皮膜が形成されていると判断された。これは図2に示す実施形態において、段階(4)が「Yes」であることを示すから、段階(6)に移行する。その結果、腐食速度が許容値未満であり酸素量を減らせると判断し、原料二酸化炭素中の酸素濃度を4500ppmまで減少させた(図2に示す段階(6)→段階(8))。
産業上の利用可能性
符号の説明
2 ストリッパー
3 コンデンサー
5 熱交換器
6 エジェクター
30~37 肉厚測定部位
40~42 サンプリング位置
51~56 温度測定部位
Claims (4)
- 尿素製造プラントにおいてアンモニアと二酸化炭素を含む製造原料から尿素を製造する方法であって、
前記尿素製造プラントが、リアクター、ストリッパーおよびコンデンサーを含む複数の処理装置および前記複数の処理装置を接続する複数本のラインを有しているものであり、
前記複数の処理装置および前記複数本のラインの内壁面がステンレス鋼からなり、前記複数本のラインのうち少なくとも一部がオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなるものであり、
前記尿素製造方法において、前記製造原料である二酸化炭素に酸素を加えて供給することで前記複数の処理装置および前記複数本のラインの内壁面に不動態皮膜を形成させると共に、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなる前記ラインの肉厚を連続的に測定し、前記肉厚の測定値に応じて前記酸素の供給量を調整することで腐食速度と尿素の反応収率を制御する、尿素の製造方法。 - 尿素製造プラントにおいてアンモニアと二酸化炭素を含む製造原料から尿素を製造する方法であって、
前記尿素製造プラントが、リアクター、ストリッパーおよびコンデンサーを含む複数の処理装置および前記複数の処理装置を接続する複数本のラインを有しているものであり、
前記複数の処理装置および前記複数本のラインの内壁面がステンレス鋼からなり、前記複数本のラインのうち少なくとも一部がオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなるものであり、
前記尿素製造方法において、前記製造原料である二酸化炭素に酸素を加えて供給することで前記複数の処理装置および前記複数本のラインの内壁面に不動態皮膜を形成させると共に、尿素またはアンモニア中に溶存している鉄、クロムまたはニッケルの濃度と運転温度を測定し、前記濃度と前記運転温度の測定値に応じて前記酸素の供給量を調整することで腐食速度と尿素の反応収率を制御する、尿素の製造方法。 - 尿素製造プラントにおいてアンモニアと二酸化炭素を含む製造原料から尿素を製造する方法であって、
前記尿素製造プラントが、
二酸化炭素とアンモニアを原料として尿素合成液を生成させるためのリアクターと、
前記リアクターで生成させた尿素合成液を加熱することによって、未反応のアンモニアと未反応の二酸化炭素を含む混合ガスを前記尿素合成液から分離するためのストリッパーと、
前記ストリッパーで得られる前記混合ガスの少なくとも一部を吸収媒体に吸収させて凝縮させ、この凝縮の際に生じる熱を用いて低圧スチームを発生させるコンデンサーを含む複数の処理装置と、前記複数の処理装置を接続する複数本のラインを有しているものであり、
前記複数の処理装置および前記複数本のラインの内壁面がステンレス鋼からなり、前記複数本のラインのうち少なくとも一部がオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなるものであり、
下記の制御方法(A)~(C)のいずれか一つの制御方法、いずれか二つの制御方法、または三つの制御方法を実施する、尿素の製造方法。
(A)前記尿素製造方法において、前記製造原料である二酸化炭素に酸素を加えて供給することで前記複数の処理装置および前記複数本のラインの内壁面に不動態皮膜を形成させると共に、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼からなる前記ラインの肉厚を連続的に測定し、前記肉厚の測定値に応じて前記酸素の供給量を調整することで腐食速度と尿素の反応収率を制御する制御方法。
(B)尿素またはアンモニア中に溶存している鉄、クロムまたはニッケルの濃度と運転温度を測定し、前記濃度と前記運転温度の測定値に応じて前記酸素の供給量を調整することで腐食速度と尿素の反応収率を制御する制御方法。
(C)前記複数の処理装置の運転圧力とそれぞれの運転温度、前記原料として導入される二酸化炭素の流量、前記原料二酸化炭素中の酸素量、前記原料として導入されるアンモニアの流量を測定することで、前記複数の処理装置のそれぞれの腐食速度と、前記複数の処理装置を接続する複数のラインの腐食速度を算定して、前記酸素の供給量を調整することで腐食速度と尿素の反応収率を制御する制御方法。 - 前記制御方法(A)、前記制御方法(B)および前記制御方法(C)をこの順序で実施するとき、
前記制御方法(A)における腐食速度から原料二酸化炭素中の酸素供給量を増加するかどうかを決定し、前記酸素供給量を増加したときは、前記制御方法(B)および前記制御方法(C)は実施せず、前記酸素供給量を増加しなかったときは、前記制御方法(B)に移行し、
前記制御方法(B)に移行したときは、前記制御方法(B)における腐食速度から原料二酸化炭素中の酸素供給量を増加するかどうかを決定し、前記酸素供給量を増加したときは、前記制御方法(C)は実施せず、前記酸素供給量を増加しなかったときは、前記制御方法(C)に移行し、
前記制御方法(C)に移行したときは、前記制御方法(C)における腐食速度から原料二酸化炭素中の酸素供給量を増加するかどうかを決定し、前記酸素供給量を増加したときはそれ以降の実施はなく、前記酸素供給量を増加しなかったときは、制御方法(A)~(C)のそれぞれにおける腐食速度から原料二酸化炭素中の酸素供給量を現状維持するか、または原料二酸化炭素中の酸素供給量を減少させるかを決定する、請求項3記載の尿素の製造方法。
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