WO2019193739A1 - 電力変換装置 - Google Patents
電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019193739A1 WO2019193739A1 PCT/JP2018/014667 JP2018014667W WO2019193739A1 WO 2019193739 A1 WO2019193739 A1 WO 2019193739A1 JP 2018014667 W JP2018014667 W JP 2018014667W WO 2019193739 A1 WO2019193739 A1 WO 2019193739A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/08—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in parallel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/2173—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase circuit arrangement
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/23—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power conversion device, and more particularly to a power conversion device including a rectifier and a converter connected in parallel.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a power conversion apparatus including a rectifier and a converter connected in parallel between an AC power supply and a load, and at least one of the rectifier and the converter and the AC power supply.
- a technique for preventing a loop current from flowing through an AC power source, a rectifier, and a converter by disposing a transformer between the two is disclosed.
- the conventional power conversion device has a problem that the cost is increased because a transformer is provided to prevent the loop current from flowing.
- a main object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost power converter that can prevent a loop current from flowing.
- the power conversion device generates first to third DC voltages based on first to third AC voltages supplied from an AC power source, and each of the first to third DC voltages is a first voltage.
- a converter for outputting to the third output node; a first capacitor connected between the first and second output nodes; a second capacitor connected between the second and third output nodes;
- a control device for controlling the converter so that each of the voltages across the terminals of the first and second capacitors becomes a target voltage; and rectifying the first to third AC voltages to be connected between the first and third output nodes.
- a rectifier that outputs a fourth DC voltage.
- the converters are provided corresponding to the first to third AC voltages, respectively, each first electrode is connected to the first output node, and each second electrode receives a corresponding AC voltage.
- To third transistors corresponding to the first to third AC voltages, respectively, each of the first electrodes receiving the corresponding AC voltage, and each of the second electrodes to the third output node The fourth to sixth transistors connected to each other, the first to sixth diodes connected in reverse parallel to the first to sixth transistors, respectively, and the first to third AC voltages, respectively, are provided.
- the first to third AC switches each having one terminal receiving a corresponding AC voltage and the other terminal connected to the second output node.
- the control devices are provided corresponding to the first to third transistors, respectively, and each compares the levels of the first to third AC voltages, and the AC voltage corresponding to the corresponding transistor is the other two AC voltages.
- the first to third comparison circuits that output a signal for permitting the corresponding transistor to be turned on when the voltage is higher than the voltage, and the fourth to sixth transistors, respectively, are provided.
- the first to third AC voltages are compared, and when the AC voltage corresponding to the corresponding transistor is lower than the other two AC voltages, a signal is output that allows the corresponding transistor to be turned on.
- the output signals of the first to sixth comparison circuits Based each of the transistors of the first to sixth are turned on and off, and a control unit for lowering at least one terminal voltage of one of the capacitors of the first and second capacitors.
- the first to third comparison circuits are provided corresponding to the first to third transistors, respectively, and the AC voltage corresponding to the corresponding transistor is higher than the other two AC voltages. If it is higher, a signal permitting the corresponding transistor to be turned on is output.
- the fourth to sixth comparison circuits are provided corresponding to the fourth to sixth transistors, respectively. When the AC voltage corresponding to the corresponding transistor is lower than the other two AC voltages, the corresponding transistors are Outputs a signal that allows it to be turned on.
- the controller turns on each of the first to sixth transistors based on the output signals of the first to sixth comparison circuits when the voltage between the terminals of the first or second capacitor is higher than the target voltage.
- the voltage across the terminals of the first or second capacitor is lowered. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a loop current from flowing through the AC power supply, the rectifier, and the converter. Moreover, since it is not necessary to install a transformer, the price of the apparatus can be reduced.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a comparison unit illustrated in FIG. 4. It is a time chart for demonstrating operation
- movement of the comparison part shown in FIG. It is another time chart for demonstrating operation
- FIG. 7 is a time chart showing waveforms of signals A1 to A6 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a control unit illustrated in FIG. 4.
- 11 is a time chart showing waveforms of a clock signal CLK1, a signal A1, and a gate signal G1 shown in FIG.
- It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the part which controls the converter of the control apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and charges the capacitors C11 and C12.
- 13 is a time chart showing waveforms of a clock signal and a gate signal shown in FIG. It is a circuit block diagram which shows the principal part of the uninterruptible power supply by Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- FIG. 15 It is a time chart which shows the waveform of signal A15, A16, A26, A24, A34, A35 shown in FIG. 15 is a time chart showing waveforms of a clock signal CLK3, a signal A15, and gate signals G1 and G5 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram showing a configuration of an uninterruptible power supply according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- this uninterruptible power supply includes input terminals T1 to T3, battery terminals T4, output terminals T11 and T12, filter 1, converter 2, capacitors C11 and C12, rectifier 3, bidirectional chopper 4, and control device 5. Is provided.
- the input terminals T1 to T3 are respectively connected to the U-phase AC voltage Vu (first AC voltage), the V-phase AC voltage Vv (second AC voltage), and the W-phase AC voltage Vw (third AC voltage) from the AC power source 11. )
- Each of the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw has a commercial frequency, and the phases of the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw are shifted by 120 degrees.
- the instantaneous values of the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw are detected by the control device 5.
- the battery terminal T4 is connected to the battery 12 (power storage device).
- the instantaneous value of the inter-terminal voltage VB of the battery 12 is detected by the control device 5.
- a capacitor may be connected instead of the battery 12.
- a load 13 is connected between the output terminals T11 and T12. The load 13 is driven by DC power supplied from the uninterruptible power supply.
- Filter 1 includes capacitors C1 to C3 and reactors L1 to L3. One electrodes of the capacitors C1 to C3 are connected to the input terminals T1 to T3, respectively, and the other electrodes thereof are all connected to the neutral point NP. Neutral point NP receives a ground voltage, for example.
- Reactors L1-L3 have one terminals connected to input terminals T1-T3, respectively, and the other terminals connected to input nodes N1-N3 of converter 2, respectively.
- the filter 1 is a low-pass filter, and allows a commercial frequency current from the AC power source 11 to pass through the converter 2 and prevents a switching frequency current generated in the converter 2 from flowing to the AC power source 11 side.
- Converter 2 includes IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) Q1-Q6, diodes D1-D6, and AC switches S1-S3.
- the collectors of IGBTs Q1-Q3 are all connected to output node N4 (first output node), and their emitters are connected to input nodes N1-N3, respectively.
- a positive voltage (first DC voltage) is output to the output node N4.
- the output node N4 is connected to the output terminal T11.
- the collectors of IGBTs Q4 to Q6 are connected to input nodes N1 to N3, respectively, and their emitters are all connected to an output node N5 (third output node). A negative voltage (third DC voltage) is output to the output node N5.
- the output node N5 is connected to the output terminal T12. Diodes D1-D6 are connected in antiparallel to IGBTs Q1-Q6, respectively. On / off of each of IGBTs Q1 to Q6 is controlled by control device 5.
- the one terminals of the AC switches S1 to S3 are connected to the input nodes N1 to N3, respectively, and the other terminals are connected to the output node N6 (second output node).
- a neutral point voltage (second DC voltage) is output to the output node N6.
- Output node N6 is connected to neutral point NP, for example.
- Each of the AC switches S1 to S3 includes IGBTs Q7 and Q8 and diodes D7 and D8.
- the collectors of IGBTs Q7 and Q8 are connected to each other, the emitter of IGBT Q7 is connected to one terminal (corresponding input node), and the emitter of IGBT Q8 is connected to the other terminal (node N6).
- Diodes D7 and D8 are connected in antiparallel to IGBTs Q7 and Q8, respectively.
- On / off of each of IGBTs Q7, Q8 belonging to switches S1-S3 is controlled by control device 5.
- Diodes D7 and D8 may be connected in antiparallel to IGBTs Q7 and Q8, respectively.
- the converter 2 is controlled by the control device 5.
- the converter 2 When the three-phase AC power is normally supplied from the AC power supply 11 (when the AC power supply 11 is healthy), the converter 2 is supplied with the three-phase AC voltages Vu and Vv supplied from the AC power supply 11 via the filter 1. , Vw, a positive voltage, a negative voltage, and a neutral point voltage are generated, and the positive voltage, the negative voltage, and the neutral point voltage are output to output nodes N4 to N6, respectively.
- the supply of three-phase AC power from AC power supply 11 is stopped (at the time of AC power supply 11 power failure), the operation of converter 2 is stopped.
- the capacitor C11 is connected between the output nodes N4 and N6 of the converter 2, and smoothes the DC voltage VD1 between the output nodes N4 and N6.
- Capacitor C12 is connected between output nodes N6 and N5 of converter 2, and smoothes DC voltage VD2 between output nodes N6 and N5.
- the instantaneous value of the inter-terminal voltage of capacitor C11 (DC voltage between nodes N4 and N6) VD1 is detected by control device 5.
- the instantaneous value of the inter-terminal voltage of capacitor C12 (DC voltage between nodes N6 and N5) VD2 is detected by control device 5.
- the control device 5 determines whether or not a power failure of the AC power supply 11 has occurred based on the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw. For example, the control device 5 determines that a power failure has occurred in the AC power supply 11 when any one of the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw falls below the lower limit value. Control device 5 determines that AC power supply 11 is healthy when three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw are all higher than the lower limit.
- the control device 5 determines that the inter-terminal voltage VD1 of the capacitor C11 becomes the target voltage VDT and the inter-terminal voltage VD2 of the capacitor C12 is the target voltage based on the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw.
- the converter 2 is controlled so as to be VDT.
- the DC voltage VDC between the output terminals T11 and T12 is set to a voltage 2VDT that is twice the target voltage VDT.
- the control device 5 turns off all the IGBTs Q1 to Q8 and stops the operation of the converter 2. A method of operating the converter 2 when the AC power supply 11 is healthy will be described in detail later.
- the rectifier 3 includes diodes D11 to D16.
- the anodes of the diodes D11 to D13 are connected to the input terminals T1 to T3, respectively, and their cathodes are all connected to the output terminal T11.
- the anodes of the diodes D14 to D16 are all connected to the output terminal T12, and their cathodes are connected to the anodes of the diodes D11 to D13, respectively.
- the rectifier 3 generates a DC voltage Vdc by full-wave rectifying the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw supplied from the AC power supply 11.
- the DC output voltage Vdc of the rectifier 3 is lower than the voltage 2VDT that is twice the target voltage VDT.
- the diodes D11 to D16 of the rectifier 3 are maintained in the off state, and DC power is not supplied from the rectifier 3 to the load 13.
- the converter 2 breaks down and the DC output voltage VDC decreases to the DC output voltage Vdc of the rectifier 3, two of the diodes D11 to D16 are sequentially synchronized with the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw. The DC power is supplied from the rectifier 3 to the load 13.
- the bidirectional chopper 4 is connected between the output terminals T11 and T12 and the battery terminal T4 and controlled by the control device 5.
- the bidirectional chopper 4 stores the DC power supplied from the converter 2 (or the rectifier 3) in the battery 12 when the AC power supply 11 is healthy, and supplies the DC power of the battery 12 to the load 13 when the AC power supply 11 fails. .
- the control device 5 controls the bidirectional chopper 4 so that the voltage VB between the terminals of the battery 12 becomes the target battery voltage VBT when the AC power supply 11 is healthy, and between the terminals of the capacitors C11 and C12 during a power failure of the AC power supply 11.
- the bidirectional chopper 4 is controlled so that the sum of the voltages VD1 and VD2 (VD1 + VD2) becomes a voltage 2VDT that is twice the target voltage VDT. 2VDT> VBT.
- the bidirectional chopper 4 may be connected to the output nodes N4 to N6.
- the control device 5 controls the bidirectional chopper 4 so that the voltage VB between the terminals of the battery 12 becomes the target battery voltage VBT when the AC power supply 11 is healthy, and the capacitors C11 and C12 during the power failure of the AC power supply 11.
- the bidirectional chopper 4 is controlled so that each of the inter-terminal voltages VD1 and VD2 becomes the target voltage VDT.
- the converter 2 fails when the AC power supply 11 is healthy, the three-phase AC power supplied from the AC power supply 11 is converted into DC power by the rectifier 3.
- the DC power generated by the rectifier 3 is supplied to the load 13 and is stored in the battery 12 by the bidirectional chopper 4. Therefore, even if the converter 2 fails when the AC power supply 11 is healthy, the operation of the load 13 can be continued.
- the operation of the converter 2 is stopped, the diodes D11 to D16 of the rectifier 3 are maintained in the OFF state, and the DC power of the battery 12 is supplied to the load 13 by the bidirectional chopper 4. Therefore, the operation of the load 13 can be continued during the period in which the DC power is stored in the battery 12.
- the AC power supply 11 converts the rectifier 3 and the converter.
- a loop current IL flows through the AC power supply 11 via the filter 2 and the filter 1 or vice versa, resulting in loss.
- the IGBT Q1 when the IGBT Q1 is turned on in a period in which the AC voltage Vw is higher than the AC voltage Vu, the AC power is supplied from the W phase terminal of the AC power supply 11 through the input terminal T3, the diode D13, the IGBT Q1, the reactor L1, and the input terminal T1.
- the loop current IL flows to the U-phase terminal of the power supply 11.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a portion of the control device 5 that controls the converter 2 to discharge the capacitors C11 and C12.
- the control device 5 includes a line voltage detection unit 21, a comparison unit 22, and a control unit 23.
- the line voltage detector 21 detects the line voltages Vuv, Vuw, Vvw, Vvu, Vwu, Vwv based on the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw supplied from the AC power supply 11.
- the line voltages Vuv and Vuw are U-phase voltages viewed from the V-phase and the W-phase, respectively.
- the line voltages Vvw and Vvu are V-phase voltages as viewed from the W-phase and the U-phase, respectively.
- the line voltages Vwu and Vwv are W-phase voltages as viewed from the U-phase and the V-phase, respectively.
- FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram showing line voltages Vuv, Vuw, Vvw, Vvu, Vwu, Vwv.
- the effective value of the line voltage is displayed as 100%.
- Each of the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw changes in a sine wave shape at 60 Hz, and the phases of the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw are shifted by 120 degrees. Therefore, each of the line voltages Vuv, Vuw, Vvw, Vvu, Vwu, Vwv changes in a sine wave shape at 60 Hz, and the phases of the line voltages Vuv, Vuw, Vvw, Vvu, Vwu, Vwv are shifted by 60 degrees. .
- the comparison unit 22 determines whether or not the IGBTs Q1 to Q6 can be turned on without flowing the loop current IL based on the line voltages Vuv, Vuw, Vvw, Vvu, Vwu, Vwv. Then, signals A1 to A6 indicating the determination results are output. Signals A1 to A6 are set to the “H” level of the activation level when IGBTs Q1 to Q6 may be turned on, respectively. The signals A1 to A6 are set to the “L” level of the inactivation level when the IGBTs Q1 to Q6 must not be turned on, respectively.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the comparison unit 22.
- the comparison unit 22 includes comparators 31 to 42 and AND gates 51 to 56.
- the inverting input terminals ( ⁇ terminals) of the comparators 31 to 42 receive line voltages Vvu, Vwu, Vuv, Vwv, Vvw, Vuw, Vuv, Vuw, Vvu, Vvw, Vwv, Vwu, respectively.
- Both the non-inverting input terminals (+ terminals) of the comparators 31 to 42 receive 0V.
- the output signals ⁇ 31 to ⁇ 42 of the comparators 31 to 42 are “H” when the line voltages Vvu, Vwu, Vuv, Vwv, Vvw, Vuw, Vuv, Vuv, Vvu, Vvw, Vwv, Vwu are negative voltages, respectively. It becomes the “L” level when the line voltages Vvu, Vwu, Vuv, Vwv, Vvw, Vuw, Vuv, Vuw, Vvu, Vvw, Vwv, Vwu are positive voltages, respectively.
- the output signals ⁇ 31, ⁇ 33, ⁇ 35, ⁇ 37, ⁇ 39, and ⁇ 41 of the comparators 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, and 41 are respectively supplied to one input nodes of the AND gates 51 to 56, and the comparators 32, 34, 36,
- the output signals ⁇ 32, ⁇ 34, ⁇ 36, ⁇ 38, ⁇ 40, and ⁇ 42 of 38, 40, and 42 are applied to the other input nodes of the AND gates 51 to 56, respectively.
- the AND gates 51 to 56 output signals A1 to A6, respectively.
- FIG. 2 illustrates that the loop current IL flows when the IGBT Q1 is turned on in a period in which the AC voltage Vu is lower than the AC voltages Vv and Vw.
- the loop current IL does not flow. Therefore, a period in which AC voltage Vu is higher than AC voltages Vv and Vw, that is, period TA in which line voltages Vvu and Vwu are both negative as shown in FIG. 7, is a period in which IGBT Q1 may be turned on. .
- the output signal ⁇ 31 of the comparator 31 becomes “H” level during the period when the line voltage Vvu is a negative voltage, and becomes “L” level when the line voltage Vvu is a positive voltage.
- the output signal ⁇ 32 of the comparator 32 becomes “H” level during a period when the line voltage Vwu is a negative voltage, and becomes “L” level when the line voltage Vwu is a positive voltage.
- the output signal A1 of the AND gate 51 becomes “H” level during a period when both the signals ⁇ 31 and ⁇ 32 are at “H” level, that is, during a period when the line voltages Vvu and Vwu are both negative voltages. Therefore, a period in which signal A1 is at “H” level is a period in which IGBT Q1 may be turned on.
- the period during which the line voltages Vuv and Vwv are both negative and the signal A2 is at the “H” level is a period during which the IGBT Q2 may be turned on.
- the period during which the line voltages Vvw and Vuw are both negative voltages and the signal A3 is at the “H” level is a period during which the IGBT Q3 may be turned on.
- Comparators 31, 32 and AND gate 51 are provided corresponding to IGBT Q1, compare the levels of three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw, and AC voltage Vu corresponding to corresponding IGBT Q1 is the other two AC voltages.
- the first comparison circuit 22a is configured to allow the corresponding IGBT Q1 to be turned on by setting the signal A1 to the “H” level.
- Comparators 33 and 34 and AND gate 52 are provided corresponding to IGBT Q2, compare the levels of three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw, and AC voltage Vv corresponding to corresponding IGBT Q2 is the other two AC voltages.
- the second comparison circuit 22b is configured to allow the corresponding IGBT Q2 to be turned on by setting the signal A2 to the “H” level.
- Comparators 35 and 36 and AND gate 53 are provided corresponding to IGBT Q3, compare the levels of three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw, and AC voltage Vw corresponding to corresponding IGBT Q3 is the other two AC voltages.
- the signal A3 is set to the “H” level, and the third comparison circuit 22c that permits the corresponding IGBT Q3 to be turned on is configured.
- the output signal ⁇ 39 of the comparator 39 becomes “H” level when the line voltage Vvu is a negative voltage, and becomes “L” level when the line voltage Vvu is a positive voltage.
- the output signal ⁇ 40 of the comparator 40 becomes “H” level during a period when the line voltage Vvw is a negative voltage, and becomes “L” level when the line voltage Vvw is a positive voltage.
- the output signal A5 of the AND gate 55 becomes “H” level during a period when both the signals ⁇ 39 and ⁇ 40 are at “H” level, that is, during a period when the line voltages Vvu and Vvw are both negative voltages. Therefore, a period in which signal A5 is at “H” level is a period in which IGBT Q5 may be turned on.
- the period during which the line voltages Vuv and Vuw are both negative and the signal A4 is at the “H” level is a period during which the IGBT Q4 may be turned on.
- the period during which the line voltages Vwv and Vwu are both negative voltages and the signal A6 is at the “H” level is a period during which the IGBT Q6 may be turned on.
- the comparators 37 and 38 and the AND gate 54 are provided corresponding to the IGBT Q4, compare the levels of the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw, and the AC voltage Vu corresponding to the corresponding IGBT Q4 is the other two AC voltages.
- the signal A4 is set to the “H” level to constitute a fourth comparison circuit 22d that permits the corresponding IGBT Q4 to be turned on.
- Comparators 39, 40 and AND gate 55 are provided corresponding to IGBT Q5, compare the levels of three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw, and AC voltage Vv corresponding to corresponding IGBT Q5 is the other two AC voltages.
- a fifth comparison circuit 22e is configured that allows the corresponding IGBT Q5 to be turned on by setting the signal A5 to the “H” level.
- Comparators 41 and 42 and AND gate 56 are provided corresponding to IGBT Q6, compare the levels of three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv and Vw, and AC voltage Vw corresponding to corresponding IGBT Q6 is the other two AC voltages.
- the sixth comparison circuit 22f is configured to allow the signal A6 to be set to the “H” level and to turn on the corresponding IGBT Q6.
- FIG. 8A and 8B are time charts showing periods TA and TB during which the IGBTs Q1 and Q5 may be turned on.
- a period TA in which the line voltages Vvu and Vwu are both negative is a period during which the IGBT Q1 may be turned on.
- a period TB in which the line voltages Vvu and Vvw are both negative is a period during which the IGBT Q5 may be turned on.
- the period TC in which the period TA and the period TB overlap is a period in which both the IGBTs Q1 and Q5 may be turned on simultaneously.
- 9A to 9F are time charts showing the waveforms of the signals A1 to A6.
- the frequency of each of the signals A1 to A6 is the same as the frequency of each of the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw.
- Each of the signals A1 to A6 is at “H” level by 120 degrees out of 360 degrees, and the remaining 240 degrees are at “L” level.
- the phases of the signals A1 to A3 are shifted by 120 degrees.
- the phases of the signals A4 to A6 are shifted by 120 degrees.
- the phases of the signals A1 to A3 are 180 degrees ahead of the phases of the signals A4 to A6.
- any one of the signals A1 to A3 and any one of the signals A4 to A6 are simultaneously at the “H” level.
- Signals A1 and A4, signals A2 and A5, and signals A3 and A6 do not simultaneously become “H” level. Therefore, IGBTs Q1 and Q4, IGBTs Q2 and Q5, and IGBTs Q3 and Q6 are not turned on at the same time.
- control unit 23 generates gate signals Q1-Q6 for turning on and off IGBTs Q1-Q6 based on signals A1-A6 and inter-terminal voltages VD1, VD2 of capacitors C11, C12. .
- FIG. 10 is a circuit block diagram showing the configuration of the control unit 23.
- the control unit 23 includes voltage detectors 61 and 62, a target voltage generator 63, subtracters 64 and 65, duty ratio setting units 66 and 67, an oscillator 68, signal generation units 69 and 70, and an AND gate 71. Includes ⁇ 76.
- the voltage detector 61 detects an instantaneous value of the inter-terminal voltage VD1 of the capacitor C11 and outputs a signal VD1f indicating the detected value.
- the voltage detector 62 detects an instantaneous value of the inter-terminal voltage VD2 of the capacitor C12 and outputs a signal VD2f indicating the detected value.
- the target voltage generator 63 generates a target voltage VDT.
- Duty ratio setting unit 66 multiplies deviation ⁇ VD1 by a gain to generate duty ratio setting signal DS1.
- the duty ratio setting unit 67 generates a duty ratio setting signal DS2 by multiplying the deviation ⁇ VD2 by a gain.
- Duty ratio setting signals DS1 and DS2 are applied to signal generators 69 and 70, respectively.
- the oscillator 68 generates a clock signal CLKA having a frequency that is an integral multiple (for example, six times) of the frequency of the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw in synchronization with the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw.
- Clock signal CLKA is applied to signal generators 69 and 70.
- the signal generator 69 adjusts the duty ratio of the clock signal CLKA based on the duty ratio setting signal DS1 to generate the clock signal CLK1.
- the greater the deviation ⁇ VD1 the greater the duty ratio of the clock signal CLK1.
- the signal generator 70 adjusts the duty ratio of the clock signal CLKA based on the duty ratio setting signal DS2 to generate the clock signal CLK2.
- the greater the deviation ⁇ VD2 the greater the duty ratio of the clock signal CLK2.
- One input node of AND gates 71 to 73 receives clock signal CLK1, and the other input node thereof receives signals A1 to A3.
- the output signals of the AND gates 71 to 73 are gate signals G1 to G3, respectively.
- Gate signals G1-G3 are applied to the gates of IGBTs Q1-Q3, respectively. When the gate signals G1 to G3 are at “H” level, the IGBTs Q1 to Q3 are turned on, respectively. When the gate signals G1 to G3 are at "L” level, the IGBTs Q1 to Q3 are turned off, respectively.
- One input nodes of AND gates 74 to 76 receive clock signal CLK2, and the other input nodes thereof receive signals A4 to A6, respectively.
- the output signals of the AND gates 74 to 76 are gate signals G4 to G6, respectively.
- Gate signals G4 to G6 are applied to the gates of IGBTs Q4 to Q6, respectively. When gate signals G4 to G6 are at “H” level, IGBTs Q4 to Q6 are turned on, respectively. When gate signals G4 to G6 are at “L” level, IGBTs Q4 to Q6 are turned off, respectively.
- FIGS. 11A to 11C are time charts showing waveforms of the clock signal CLK1, the signal A1, and the gate signal G1.
- Clock signal CLK1 has a frequency that is an integral multiple (for example, six times) of the frequency of three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw.
- the clock signal CLK1 and the signal A1 are synchronized.
- FIG. 11A shows a case where the duty ratio, which is the ratio between the time during which the clock signal CLK1 is set to the “H” level and one cycle of the clock signal CLK1, is 50%.
- the clock signal CLK1 passes through the AND gate 71 (FIG. 10) and becomes the gate signal G1.
- the gate signal G1 that is the output signal of the AND gate 71 is fixed at the “L” level. Therefore, IGBTQ1 is turned on and off while signal A1 is at "H” level, and IGBTQ1 is kept off during a period when signal A1 is at "L” level.
- line voltages Vuv, Vuw, Vvw, Vvu, Vwu, Vwv are detected by the line voltage detector 21 (FIG. 4), and the loop current IL is supplied by the comparator 22 (FIG. 4) based on the detection result.
- signals A1 to A6 (FIGS. 9A to 9F) indicating whether or not IGBTs Q1 to Q6 can be turned on are generated.
- Control unit 23 (FIG. 4) controls converter 2 by generating gate signals G1 to G6 based on signals A1 to A6 and inter-terminal voltages VD1 and VD2 of capacitors C11 and C12.
- the voltage detectors 61 and 62 detect the voltages VD1 and VD2 between the capacitors C11 and C12, and the target voltage generator 63 generates the target voltage VDT.
- Deviations ⁇ VD1 and ⁇ VD2 between the output signals VD1f and VD2f of the voltage detectors 61 and 62 and the target voltage VDT are generated by the subtractors 64 and 65, respectively.
- Duty ratio setting units 66 and 67 generate duty ratio setting signals DS1 and DS2 having values corresponding to deviations ⁇ VD1 and VD2.
- the signal generator 69 adjusts the duty ratio of the clock signal CLKA generated by the oscillator 68 based on the duty ratio setting signal DS1 to generate the clock signal CLK1.
- the clock signal CLK1 passes through the AND gates 71 to 73 to become gate signals G1 to G3.
- gate signals G1-G3 are set to “H” level, IGBTs Q1-Q3 (FIG. 1) are turned on, respectively.
- IGBT Q1 is turned on, a current flows from the positive electrode of capacitor C11 to IGBT A, reactor L1, and capacitor C1 through the negative electrode (node N6) of capacitor C11, and voltage VD1 between terminals of capacitor C11 slightly decreases.
- the signal generator 70 adjusts the duty ratio of the clock signal CLKA based on the duty ratio setting signal DS2 to generate the clock signal CLK2.
- the clock signal CLK2 passes through the AND gates 74 to 76 to become gate signals G4 to G6.
- gate signals G4 to G6 are set to “H” level, IGBTs Q4 to Q6 (FIG. 1) are turned on, respectively.
- IGBT Q5 when IGBT Q5 is turned on, current flows from the positive electrode (node N6) of capacitor C12 to the negative electrode of capacitor C12 via capacitor C2, reactor L2, and IGBT Q5, and voltage VD2 between terminals of capacitor C12 slightly decreases.
- the duty ratio setting units 66 and 67 and the signal generation units 69 and 70 cause the clock signals CLK1 and CLK2
- the duty ratio is set to zero.
- the gate signals G1 to G6 are set to the “L” level, the IGBTs Q1 to Q6 are turned off, and the discharge of the capacitors C11 and C12 is stopped.
- the IGBTs Q7 and Q8 (FIG. 1) of the switches S1 to S3 are maintained in the off state.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit block diagram showing a part of the control device 5 (FIG. 1) for controlling the converter 2 to charge the capacitors C11 and C12.
- control device 5 includes subtractors 81 and 82, duty ratio setting units 83 and 84, oscillators 85 and 88, signal generation units 86 and 87, an inverter 89, and AND gates 90 and 91.
- the duty ratio setting unit 83 generates a duty ratio setting signal DS1A by multiplying the deviation ⁇ VD1A by a gain.
- Duty ratio setting unit 84 multiplies deviation ⁇ VD2A by a gain to generate duty ratio setting signal DS2A.
- Duty ratio setting signals DS1A and DS2A are applied to signal generators 86 and 87, respectively.
- the oscillator 85 generates a clock signal CLKB having a frequency that is an integral multiple of the frequency of the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw (for example, eight times) in synchronization with the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw.
- Clock signal CLKB is applied to signal generators 86 and 87.
- the signal generator 86 adjusts the duty ratio of the clock signal CLKB based on the duty ratio setting signal DS1A to generate the clock signal CLK1B.
- the duty ratio of the clock signal CLK1B increases as the deviation ⁇ VD1A increases.
- the signal generator 87 adjusts the duty ratio of the clock signal CLKB based on the duty ratio setting signal DS2A to generate the clock signal CLK2B. As the deviation ⁇ VD2A increases, the duty ratio of the clock signal CLK2B increases.
- the oscillator 88 generates a clock signal CLKC having a frequency that is an even multiple (for example, four times) the frequency of the clock signal CLKB in synchronization with the clock signal CLKB.
- Inverter 89 generates an inverted signal / CLKC of clock signal CLKC.
- One input node of AND gate 90 receives clock signal CLK1B, and the other input node receives clock signal CLKC.
- One input node of AND gate 91 receives clock signal CLK2B, and the other input node receives clock signal / CLKC.
- Output signals of the AND gates 90 and 91 are gate signals GA and GB, respectively.
- Gate signal GA is applied to the gates of IGBTs Q7 (FIG. 1) of switches S1 to S3.
- Gate signal GB is applied to the gates of IGBTs Q8 (FIG. 1) of switches S1 to S3.
- the IGBTs Q7 of the switches S1 to S3 are turned on.
- any one of the diodes D1 to D3, which corresponds to the highest one of the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw, is turned on, and one of the switches S1 to S3 is turned on.
- Any one of the switches corresponding to the lowest voltage among the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw is turned on, and the capacitor C11 is charged.
- the gate signal GA is at “L” level
- the IGBTs Q7 of the switches S1 to S3 are turned off, and charging of the capacitor C11 is stopped.
- the IGBTs Q8 of the switches S1 to S3 are turned on.
- the diode D7 of any one of the switches S1 to S3 and corresponding to the highest voltage among the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw is turned on, and the diodes D4 to D6 are turned on.
- the diode corresponding to the lowest voltage among the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw is turned on, and the capacitor C12 is charged.
- IGBTs Q8 of switches S1 to S3 are turned off, and charging of capacitor C12 is stopped.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B show a case where the duty ratios of the clock signals CLK1B and CLK2B are both 50%.
- Clock signal CLKC is synchronized with clock signal CLKB, and has a frequency that is an even number (for example, four times) the frequency of clock signal CLKB.
- Clock signal / CLKC is an inverted signal of clock signal CLKC.
- the clock signal CLK1B passes through the AND gate 90 (FIG. 12) and becomes the gate signal GA.
- the gate signal GA that is an output signal of the AND gate 90 is fixed at “L” level. Therefore, IGBT Q7 is turned on and off during a period when clock signal CLKC is at “H” level, and IGBT Q7 is maintained in an off state during a period when clock signal CLKC is at "L” level.
- the clock signal CLK2B passes through the AND gate 91 (FIG. 12) and becomes the gate signal GB.
- the gate signal GB that is the output signal of the AND gate 91 is fixed at the “L” level. Therefore, IGBT Q8 is turned on and off during a period in which clock signal CLKC is at "L” level, and IGBT Q8 is maintained in an off state during a period in which clock signal CLKC is at "H” level.
- the voltage detectors 61 and 62 detect the inter-terminal voltages VD1 and VD2 of the capacitors C11 and C12, and the target voltage generator 63 (FIG. 10) generates the target voltage VDT. Deviations ⁇ VD1A and VDT2A between the target voltage VDT and the output signals VD1f and VD2f of the voltage detectors 61 and 62 are generated by subtracters 81 and 82 (FIG. 12).
- the duty ratio setting signals having values corresponding to the deviations ⁇ VD1A and VDT2A are obtained by the duty ratio setting units 86 and 87 (FIG. 12). DS1A and DS2A are generated.
- the signal generator 86 (FIG. 12) adjusts the duty ratio of the clock signal CLKB generated by the oscillator 85 (FIG. 12) based on the duty ratio setting signal DS1A to generate the clock signal CLK1B.
- the signal generator 87 adjusts the duty ratio of the clock signal CLKB based on the duty ratio setting signal DS2A to generate the clock signal CLK2B.
- any one of the diodes D1 to D3, which corresponds to the highest voltage among the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw, is turned on.
- Any one of the switches S1 to S3, which corresponds to the lowest voltage among the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw, is turned on, and the capacitor C11 is charged.
- any one of the switches S1 to S3 When the IGBT Q8 of the switches S1 to S3 is turned on, any one of the switches S1 to S3, and the diode D7 of the switch corresponding to the highest voltage among the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, Vw is turned on. At the same time, any one of the diodes D4 to D6, which corresponds to the lowest voltage among the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw, is turned on, and the capacitor C12 is charged.
- the duty ratio setting units 83 and 84 and the signal generation units 86 and 87 cause the clock signals CLK1B and CLK2B.
- the duty ratio is set to zero.
- the gate signals GA and GB are set to the “L” level, the IGBTs Q7 and Q8 of the switches S1 to S3 are turned off, and the charging of the capacitors C11 and C12 is stopped.
- IGBTs Q1 to Q6 (FIG. 1) of converter 2 are maintained in the off state.
- each of the IGBTs Q1 to Q6 when discharging the capacitors C11 and C12, each of the IGBTs Q1 to Q6 is turned on and off during a period in which the loop current IL does not flow even if the IGBTs Q1 to Q6 are turned on.
- IGBTs Q1 to Q6 When charging capacitors C11 and C12, IGBTs Q1 to Q6 are maintained in an off state, and IGBTs Q7 and Q8 of switches S1 to S3 are turned on and off, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the loss due to the loop current IL flowing.
- the cost of the apparatus can be reduced as compared with the case where the loop current IL is blocked using a transformer.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit block diagram showing a main part of the uninterruptible power supply according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and is a diagram compared with FIG. Referring to FIG. 14, this uninterruptible power supply is different from the uninterruptible power supply according to Embodiment 1 in that control unit 23 is replaced with control unit 95. Control unit 95 simultaneously turns on one of IGBTs Q1 to Q3 and one of IGBTs Q4 to Q6 to discharge capacitors C11 and C12.
- the control unit 95 includes voltage detectors 61 and 62, an adder 96, a target voltage generator 97, a subtractor 65, a duty ratio setting unit 67, an oscillator 68, a signal generation unit 70, AND gates 101 to 106, and a gate circuit 107. including.
- the voltage detector 61 detects an instantaneous value of the inter-terminal voltage VD1 of the capacitor C11 and outputs a signal VD1f indicating the detected value.
- the voltage detector 62 detects an instantaneous value of the inter-terminal voltage VD2 of the capacitor C12 and outputs a signal VD2f indicating the detected value.
- the adder 96 adds the signal VD1f and the signal VD2f to generate a signal VD3f.
- the target voltage generator 97 generates a target voltage 2VDT.
- the duty ratio setting unit 67 generates a duty ratio setting signal DS3 by multiplying the deviation ⁇ VD3 by a gain.
- the oscillator 68 generates a clock signal CLKA having a frequency that is an integral multiple (for example, six times) the frequency of the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw in synchronization with the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw.
- the signal generator 70 adjusts the duty ratio of the clock signal CLKA based on the duty ratio setting signal DS3 to generate the clock signal CLK3. The greater the deviation ⁇ VD3, the greater the duty ratio of the clock signal CLK3.
- the AND gate 101 generates a logical product signal A15 of the signals A1 and A5.
- the AND gate 102 generates a logical product signal A16 of the signals A1 and A6.
- the AND gate 103 generates a logical product signal A26 of the signals A2 and A6.
- the AND gate 104 generates a logical product signal A24 of the signals A2 and A4.
- the AND gate 105 generates a logical product signal A34 of the signals A3 and A4.
- the AND gate 106 generates a logical product signal A35 of the signals A3 and A5.
- FIGS. 15A to 15F are time charts showing waveforms of the signals A15, A16, A26, A24, A34, and A35, and are compared with FIGS. 9A to 9F.
- the frequencies of the signals A15, A16, A26, A24, A34, and A35 are the frequencies of the signals A1 to A6, that is, the three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw, respectively. Is the same frequency.
- Each of the signals A15, A16, A26, A24, A34, A35 becomes “H” level by 60 degrees out of 360 degrees, and the remaining 300 degrees becomes “L” level.
- the phases of the signals A15, A16, A26, A24, A34, A35 are shifted by 60 degrees. Any one of the signals A15, A16, A26, A24, A34, and A35 is set to the “H” level.
- signal A1 When signal A1 is at “H” level, it is permitted to turn on IGBTQ1, and when signal A5 is at “H” level, it is permitted to turn on IGBTQ5, so that signal A15 is at “H” level. In some cases, it is permitted to turn on both IGBTs Q1 and Q5.
- signal A16 when the signal A16 is at “H” level, it is permitted to turn on both of the IGBTs Q1 and Q6.
- signal A26 When signal A26 is at “H” level, it is permitted to turn on both IGBTs Q2 and Q6.
- signal A24 When signal A24 is at “H” level, it is permitted to turn on both IGBTs Q2 and Q4.
- signal A34 When signal A34 is at “H” level, it is permitted to turn on both IGBTs Q3 and Q4.
- signal A35 When signal A35 is at “H” level, it is permitted to turn on both IGBTs Q3 and Q5. It is not permitted to turn on more than two IGBTs simultaneously.
- gate circuit 107 includes an input node N10 that receives clock signal CLK3 from signal generation unit 70, and output nodes N11 to N16 for outputting gate signals G1 to G6, respectively.
- the gate circuit 107 passes the clock signal CLK3 to any two of the six output nodes N11 to N16 in response to the signals A15, A16, A26, A24, A34, and A35.
- clock signal CLK3 passes through output nodes N11 and N15 to become gate signals G1 and G5.
- signal A16 is at “H” level
- clock signal CLK3 passes through output nodes N11 and N16 to become gate signals G1 and G6.
- signal A26 is at “H” level
- clock signal CLK3 passes through output nodes N12 and N16 to become gate signals G2 and G6.
- clock signal CLK3 passes through the output nodes N12 and N14 to become gate signals G2 and G4.
- signal A34 is at "H” level
- clock signal CLK3 passes through output nodes N13 and N14 to become gate signals G3 and G4.
- signal A35 is at “H” level
- clock signal CLK3 passes through output nodes N13 and N15 to become gate signals G3 and G5.
- FIGS. 16A to 16D are time charts showing waveforms of the clock signal CLK3, the signal A15, and the gate signals G1 and G5, which are compared with FIGS. 11A to 11C.
- Clock signal CLK3 has a frequency that is an integral multiple (for example, six times) of the frequency of three-phase AC voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw.
- the clock signal CLK3 and the signal A15 are synchronized.
- FIG. 16A shows a case where the duty ratio, which is the ratio between the time during which the clock signal CLK3 is set to the “H” level and one cycle of the clock signal CLK3, is 50%.
- the clock signal CLK3 passes through the gate circuit 107 (FIG. 14) and becomes the gate signals G1 and G5.
- the gate signals G1 and G5 are both fixed at the “L” level. Therefore, IGBTs Q1 and Q5 are simultaneously turned on and off during a period in which signal A15 is at “H” level, and IGBTs Q1 and Q5 are maintained in an off state during a period in which signal A15 is at “L” level.
- line voltages Vuv, Vuw, Vvw, Vvu, Vwu, and Vwv are detected by the line voltage detector 21 (FIG. 4), and a loop current IL is supplied by the comparator 22 (FIG. 4) based on the detection result.
- signals A1 to A6 (FIGS. 9A to 9F) indicating whether or not IGBTs Q1 to Q6 can be turned on are generated.
- the control unit 95 (FIG. 14) generates gate signals G1 to G6 based on the signals A1 to A6 and the inter-terminal voltages VD1 and VD2 of the capacitors C11 and C12.
- the voltage detectors 61 and 62 detect the voltages VD1 and VD2 between the capacitors C11 and C12, and the adder 96 adds the output signals VD1f and VD2f of the voltage detectors 61 and 62.
- the signal VD3f VD1f + VD2f is generated, and the target voltage 2VDT is generated by the target voltage generator 97.
- Deviation ⁇ VD3 between target voltage VDT and signal VD3f is generated by subtractor 65.
- the duty ratio setting unit 67 generates a duty ratio setting signal DS3 having a value corresponding to the deviation ⁇ VD3.
- the signal generator 70 adjusts the duty ratio of the clock signal CLKA generated by the oscillator 68 based on the duty ratio setting signal DS3 to generate the clock signal CLK3.
- the clock signal CLK3 is supplied to the gate circuit 107.
- the signals A15, A16, A26, A24, A34, A35 are generated by the AND gates 101-106 based on the signals A1-A6 from the comparison unit 22 (FIG. 4). Based on the signals A15, A16, A26, A24, A34, A35, the gate circuit 107 passes the clock signal CLK3 to any two output nodes of the six output nodes N11 to N16, thereby causing the gate signal G1. Generate G6.
- the IGBTs Q1 to Q6 are turned on, respectively.
- a current flows from the positive electrode of capacitor C11 to the negative electrode of capacitor C12 via IGBTQ1, reactor L1, capacitors C1, C2, reactor L2, and IGBTQ5, and between the terminals of capacitors C11 and C12.
- the voltages VD1 and VD2 are slightly reduced.
- the duty ratio of the clock signal CLK3 is set by the duty ratio setting unit 67 and the signal generation unit 70. Is set to zero. As a result, the gate signals G1 to G6 are set to the “L” level, the IGBTs Q1 to Q6 are turned off, and the discharge of the capacitors C11 and C12 is stopped.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1による無停電電源装置の構成を示す回路ブロック図である。図1において、この無停電電源装置は、入力端子T1~T3、バッテリ端子T4、出力端子T11,T12、フィルタ1、コンバータ2、コンデンサC11,C12、整流器3、双方向チョッパ4、および制御装置5を備える。
図14は、この発明の実施の形態2による無停電電源装置の要部を示す回路ブロック図であって、図10と対比される図である。図14を参照して、この無停電電源装置が実施の形態1の無停電電源装置と異なる点は、制御部23が制御部95で置換されている点である。制御部95は、IGBTQ1~Q3のうちのいずれか1つのIGBTと、IGBTQ4~Q6のうちのいずれか1つのIGBTとを同時にオンさせて、コンデンサC11,C12を放電させる。
Claims (11)
- 交流電源から供給される第1~第3の交流電圧に基づいて第1~第3の直流電圧を生成し、前記第1~第3の直流電圧をそれぞれ第1~第3の出力ノードに出力するコンバータと、
前記第1および第2の出力ノード間に接続された第1のコンデンサと、
前記第2および第3の出力ノード間に接続された第2のコンデンサと、
前記第1および第2のコンデンサの端子間電圧の各々が目標電圧になるように前記コンバータを制御する制御装置と、
前記第1~第3の交流電圧を整流して前記第1および第3の出力ノード間に第4の直流電圧を出力する整流器とを備え、
前記コンバータは、
それぞれ前記第1~第3の交流電圧に対応して設けられ、各々の第1の電極が前記第1の出力ノードに接続され、各々の第2の電極が対応する交流電圧を受ける第1~第3のトランジスタと、
それぞれ前記第1~第3の交流電圧に対応して設けられ、各々の第1の電極が対応する交流電圧を受け、各々の第2の電極が前記第3の出力ノードに接続された第4~第6のトランジスタと、
それぞれ前記第1~第6のトランジスに逆並列に接続された第1~第6のダイオードと、
それぞれ前記第1~第3の交流電圧に対応して設けられ、各々の一方端子が対応する交流電圧を受け、各々の他方端子が前記第2の出力ノードに接続された第1~第3の交流スイッチとを含み、
前記制御装置は、
それぞれ前記第1~第3のトランジスタに対応して設けられ、各々が、前記第1~第3の交流電圧の高低を比較し、対応するトランジスタに対応する交流電圧が他の2つの交流電圧よりも高い場合に、対応するトランジスタをオンさせることを許可する信号を出力する第1~第3の比較回路と、
それぞれ前記第4~第6のトランジスタに対応して設けられ、各々が、前記第1~第3の交流電圧の高低を比較し、対応するトランジスタに対応する交流電圧が他の2つの交流電圧よりも低い場合に、対応するトランジスタをオンさせることを許可する信号を出力する第4~第6の比較回路と、
前記第1および第2のコンデンサのうちの少なくともいずれか一方のコンデンサの端子間電圧が前記目標電圧よりも高い場合には、前記第1~第6の比較回路の出力信号に基づいて前記第1~第6のトランジスタの各々をオンおよびオフさせ、前記第1および第2のコンデンサのうちの少なくともいずれか一方のコンデンサの端子間電圧を下降させる制御部とを含む、電力変換装置。 - 前記制御部は、
前記第1のコンデンサの端子間電圧が前記目標電圧よりも高い場合には、前記第1~第3のトランジスタのうちの前記第1~第3の比較回路の出力信号によってオンさせることが許可されたトランジスタをオンおよびオフさせて、前記第1のコンデンサの端子間電圧を下降させ、
前記第2のコンデンサの端子間電圧が前記目標電圧よりも高い場合には、前記第4~第6のトランジスタのうちの前記第4~第6の比較回路の出力信号によってオンさせることが許可されたトランジスタをオンおよびオフさせて、前記第2のコンデンサの端子間電圧を下降させる、請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御部は、
前記第1のコンデンサの端子間電圧と前記目標電圧との偏差に応じたデューティ比を有する第1のクロック信号を生成する第1の信号発生部と、
前記第1~第3のトランジスタのうちの前記第1~第3の比較回路の出力信号によってオンさせることが許可されたトランジスタのゲートに前記第1のクロック信号を与える第1のゲート回路と、
前記第2のコンデンサの端子間電圧と前記目標電圧との偏差に応じたデューティ比を有する第2のクロック信号を生成する第2の信号発生部と、
前記第4~第6のトランジスタのうちの前記第4~第6の比較回路の出力信号によってオンさせることが許可されたトランジスタのゲートに前記第2のクロック信号を与える第2のゲート回路とを含む、請求項2に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記第1および第2のコンデンサの端子間電圧の和が前記目標電圧の2倍の電圧よりも高い場合には、前記第1~第3のトランジスタのうちの前記第1~第3の比較回路の出力信号によってオンさせることが許可されたトランジスタと、前記第4~第6のトランジスタのうちの前記第4~第6の比較回路の出力信号によってオンさせることが許可されたトランジスタとを同時にオンおよびオフさせて、前記第1および第2のコンデンサの端子間電圧を下降させる、請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記制御部は、
前記第1および第2のコンデンサの端子間電圧の和と前記目標電圧の2倍の電圧との偏差に応じたデューティ比を有するクロック信号を生成する信号発生部と、
前記第1~第3のトランジスタのうちの前記第1~第3の比較回路の出力信号によってオンさせることが許可されたトランジスタのゲートに前記クロック信号を与えるとともに、前記第4~第6のトランジスタのうちの前記第4~第6の比較回路の出力信号によってオンさせることが許可されたトランジスタのゲートに前記クロック信号を与えるゲート回路とを含む、請求項4に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1~第3の交流スイッチの各々は、
それらの第1の電極が互いに接続され、それらの第2の電極がそれぞれ前記一方端子および前記他方端子に接続された第7および第8のトランジスタと、
それぞれ前記第7および第8のトランジスタに逆並列に接続された第7および第8のダイオードとを含む、請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記第1のコンデンサの端子間電圧が前記目標電圧よりも低い場合には、前記第1~第3の交流スイッチの前記第7のトランジスタをオンおよびオフさせて前記第1のコンデンサの端子間電圧を上昇させ、
前記第2のコンデンサの端子間電圧が前記目標電圧よりも低い場合には、前記第1~第3の交流スイッチの前記第8のトランジスタをオンおよびオフさせて前記第2のコンデンサの端子間電圧を上昇させる、請求項6に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記目標電圧と前記第1のコンデンサの端子間電圧との偏差に応じたデューティ比を有する第1のクロック信号を生成する第1の信号発生部と、
前記目標電圧と前記第2のコンデンサの端子間電圧との偏差に応じたデューティ比を有する第2のクロック信号を生成する第2の信号発生部と、
前記第1および第2のクロック信号を受け、第1の期間は前記第1のクロック信号を前記第1~第3の交流スイッチの前記第7のトランジスタのゲートに与え、第2の期間は前記第2のクロック信号を前記第1~第3の交流スイッチの前記第8のトランジスタのゲートに与えるゲート回路とを含む、請求項7に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記整流器は、
それらのアノードがそれぞれ前記第1~第3の交流電圧を受け、それらのカソードがともに前記第1の出力ノードに接続された第7~第9のダイオードと、
それらのアノードがともに前記第3の出力ノードに接続され、それらのカソードがそれぞれ前記第7~第9のダイオードのアノードに接続された第10~第12のダイオードとを含む、請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記目標電圧の2倍の電圧は前記第4の直流電圧よりも高く、
前記第1および第3の出力ノード間に負荷が接続され、
前記コンバータが正常である場合は前記コンバータから前記負荷に直流電力が供給され、前記コンバータが故障した場合は前記整流器から前記負荷に直流電力が供給される、請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - さらに、前記第1および第3の出力ノードに接続され、前記交流電源の健全時は、前記整流器および前記コンバータからの直流電力を電力貯蔵装置に蓄え、前記交流電源の停電時は、前記電力貯蔵装置の直流電力を前記負荷に供給する双方向チョッパを備え、
前記制御装置は、前記交流電源の停電時には、前記コンバータの運転を停止させる、請求項10に記載の電力変換装置。
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