WO2019189388A1 - Procédé de culture de bactéries productrices d'équol - Google Patents

Procédé de culture de bactéries productrices d'équol Download PDF

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WO2019189388A1
WO2019189388A1 PCT/JP2019/013241 JP2019013241W WO2019189388A1 WO 2019189388 A1 WO2019189388 A1 WO 2019189388A1 JP 2019013241 W JP2019013241 W JP 2019013241W WO 2019189388 A1 WO2019189388 A1 WO 2019189388A1
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equol
medium
culture
arginine
yit
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佐藤 直
薫 森山
辻 浩和
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株式会社ヤクルト本社
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/205Bacterial isolates
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P17/00Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
    • C12P17/02Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms
    • C12P17/06Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms containing a six-membered hetero ring, e.g. fluorescein
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    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/225Lactobacillus
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/225Lactobacillus
    • C12R2001/245Lactobacillus casei
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    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/46Streptococcus ; Enterococcus; Lactococcus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a culture method for efficiently growing equol-producing bacteria.
  • Isoflavones abundant in soy foods, are known as functional ingredients that are effective in improving menopause such as indefinite complaints, preventing osteoporosis, preventing hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis, and preventing breast cancer and prostate cancer. ing. Recent research has revealed that one of the isoflavones, Daidzein, is metabolized by the intestinal bacteria in the body into equol, which has a stronger estrogen action and antioxidant action. Therefore, it is attracting attention as one of the main active ingredients that exert the above-mentioned action.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 Production of daidzein to equol in the body is not uniformly performed in all humans, but there are individual differences in the production ability, and it has been reported that 30 to 50% of humans have the ability to produce equol.
  • intestinal bacteria having the ability to produce equol have been vigorously searched, and as microorganisms having the ability to produce equol, Bacteroides obatas, Streptococcus intermedias, Streptococcus constellatus (Patent Document 1), Lactococcus garbier (patent document 2), Bifidobacterium addresscentis TM-1 strain, Bifidobacterium breve JCM 1273 (patent document 3), Propionibacterium frownerecki, Bifidobacterium Lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus salivaius (Patent Document 4) have been reported.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 gram positive battery do03
  • the present applicant as a microorganism having an extremely high ability to convert equol from daidzein, is a bacterium belonging to the genus Sluckia, Slacia sp. YIT 11861 (FERM BP-11231) is found (Patent Document 5). zucchini-producing bacteria belonging to the Coriobacteriaceae, including this strain, can be used as new probiotics to help prevent the above diseases by efficiently converting daidzein to equol in the intestine due to its high activity. There is expected. Furthermore, it can be used for efficient production of equol.
  • coriobacteria family equol-producing bacteria for the production of probiotics and equol, it is first necessary to establish a method for obtaining a large amount of the cells.
  • culture using a liquid medium is preferable.
  • coriobacteriaceae in particular, the echol-producing bacteria belonging to the genus Surakchia have a low growth potential in liquid media, and many of them are cultured in agar media.
  • the cholorobacteriaceae-producing equol-producing bacteria including the genus Sracchia, take approximately 3 days, sometimes as long as 7 days, to significantly limit their industrial applicability. .
  • the present invention relates to providing a culture method for efficiently growing equol-producing bacteria of the Coriobacteriaceae family.
  • the inventors of the present invention have the ability to produce an equol-producing bacterium belonging to the family Coriobacteriaceae in a medium containing arginine by cultivating the initial pH to be weakly acidic, or by culturing mixed with lactic acid bacteria.
  • the present invention was completed by finding that it can be efficiently propagated.
  • the present invention relates to the following 1) to 7).
  • Lactic acid bacteria are Lactobacillus casei YIT 9029 strain (FERM BP-1366), Lactobacillus acidophilus YIT 0198 (JCM1028), Lactococcus lactis YIT 2027 (FERM BP-6224), and Streptococcus thermophilus YIT 200 YIT 200 -The method of any one of 1) to 6), which is one or more selected from 7538).
  • equol-producing bacteria belonging to the Coriobacteriaceae family can be efficiently grown in a liquid medium, and a large amount of viable bacterial solution can be supplied over a long period of time. Therefore, the present invention is useful for development and research as probiotics of equol-producing bacteria belonging to the family Coriobacteria.
  • the figure which shows the growth property (influence of arginine) of YIT 11861 strain The figure which shows the growth property (influence of the initial pH of an arginine containing medium) of YIT 11861 stock
  • an equol-producing bacterium belonging to the Coriobacteriaceae family is a coriobacteria family that produces equol by assimilating daidzeins (daidzein glycoside, daidzein, dihydrodaidzein).
  • the microorganism is not particularly limited as long as it is a microorganism belonging to the genus No. 3, and examples include microorganisms belonging to the genus Adrecrotia, Egacera, and Thrackia, and more specifically, Adrecrotia equolifaciens, Eggerthella sp.
  • Y7918, Slackia isoflavonicon vertence, Slackia equolifaciens, Slackia spp. TM-30 strain, Slackia sp. YIT 11861 etc. are mentioned.
  • a bacterium belonging to the genus Slackia is preferable, and more preferably, Slaccia sp. It is YIT 11861 stock (FERM BP-11231).
  • the arginine contained in the medium may be L-form, D-form, or a mixture thereof, but L-arginine is preferred.
  • Arginine may take the form of a salt. Examples of the salt include hydrochloride, glutamate, citrate and the like, preferably hydrochloride.
  • the arginine content in the medium is selected from any one of 0.4 w / v%, 0.8 w / v% or 1.2 w / v% at the lower limit, and 10.0 w / v% at the upper limit.
  • arginine content defined by any combination of the lower limit and the upper limit selected from any one of 0 w / v%, 2.5 w / v%, 2.1 w / v%, or 1.7 w / v% 0.4 to 2.5 w / v%, preferably 0.8 to 2.1 w / v%, more preferably 1.2 to 1.7 w / v%.
  • the arginine content is an amount converted to free arginine.
  • the medium used in the method of the present invention a known medium suitable for the survival of anaerobic microorganisms can be used.
  • the medium can be liquid, semi-solid, or solid, but is preferably a liquid medium.
  • a GAM broth medium manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. a modified GAM broth medium, a BHI medium manufactured by Difco, or the like can be used.
  • a water-soluble organic substance can be added to the medium used in the present invention as a carbon source.
  • water-soluble organic substances include glucose, galactose, fructose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, rhamnose, ribose, sorbose, trehalose, cellobiose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose, melibiose, melezitose, lactulose, glycogen, erythritol, sorbitol, Adonitol, mannitol, inositol, lactitol, galactooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide, inulin, soluble starch and other sugars, as well as pyruvic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, propionic acid and Examples include compounds such as organic acids such as acetic acid.
  • the concentration of organic matter added to the medium as a carbon source can be appropriately adjusted in order to efficiently grow equol-producing bacteria in the medium.
  • the addition amount can be selected from the range of 0.05 to 5 w / v%.
  • a nitrogen source can be added to the medium.
  • Preferred inorganic nitrogen sources include ammonium salts and nitrates, and examples include ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium citrate, potassium nitrate, and sodium nitrate.
  • examples of the organic nitrogen source include amino acids, yeast extract, peptones, meat extract, liver extract, digested serum powder, and the like, preferably arginine, citrulline, ornithine, lysine, yeast extract, peptones and the like.
  • inorganic compounds such as cofactors such as vitamins and various salts can be added to the medium.
  • inorganic compounds include potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium chloride, cobalt chloride, calcium chloride, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, alum, sodium molybdate, potassium chloride, Examples include boric acid, nickel chloride, sodium tungstate, sodium selenate, and ferrous ammonium sulfate.
  • vitamins examples include biotin, folic acid, pyridoxine, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, vitamin B12, thiooctoic acid, and p-aminobenzoic acid. It is also possible to add hemin, which is a porphyrin compound.
  • the culture of equol-producing bacteria belonging to the Coriobacteriaceae includes, as one aspect, a) culturing by adjusting the initial pH to slightly acidic.
  • weakly acidic means that the lower limit is selected from any one of pH 5.5, 5.7, or 6, and the upper limit is selected from any one of pH 6.5, 6.3, or 6.
  • the pH is adjusted by adding an acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • the seeding amount of equol-producing bacteria in the above medium may be, for example, 0.01 to 50 v / v%, preferably 0.1 to 5 v / v%, more preferably about 0.5 v / v%.
  • Culture is performed in an anaerobic atmosphere.
  • the anaerobic gas constituting the anaerobic atmosphere include nitrogen gas alone, a mixed gas of nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide, or a mixed gas of nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, preferably nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide. It is more preferable to use a mixed gas of hydrogen and hydrogen.
  • the mixed gas preferably has a hydrogen gas content of 0.1 to 80%, more preferably 1 to 10%.
  • the culture temperature is preferably 25 to 42 ° C, more preferably 30 to 40 ° C, and more preferably 35 to 39 ° C.
  • the culture time is preferably 5 to 96 hours, more preferably 10 to 72 hours, and more preferably 12 to 48 hours.
  • the culture may be stationary culture, but is preferably agitated, more preferably at an agitation speed of about 50 to 650 rpm.
  • the culture of equol-producing bacteria belonging to the family Coriobacteria in the present invention includes, in addition to the above-described aspect a) or as another aspect, b) lactic acid bacteria mixed and cultured.
  • lactic acid bacteria used herein include Lactobacillus casei (L. casei), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Lactobacillus buchneri (L. buchneri), L. gallinarum, L. amylovorus, L. brevis, L. rhamnosus, L. kefir, L. kefir Lactobacillus cruvatus (L.
  • Lactobacillus zeae L. zeae
  • Lactobacillus helveticus L. helveticus
  • Lact L. salivarius L. gasseri
  • Lactobacillus fermentum L. reuteri
  • L. cripatus L. crispatus
  • Lactobacillus delbrukki Subspecies Bulgaricus (L. delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus), Lactobacillus delbrukii Subspecies. Lactobacillus genus Lactobacillus such as L. delbrueckii subsp.
  • Lactobacillus johnsonii Streptococcus thermophilus
  • Streptococcus genus Streptococcus Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis Lactococcus lactis subspecies. Examples include bacteria of the genus Lactococcus such as Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremoris, among which Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis (Lac. Lactis). Streptococcus thermophilus is preferred.
  • the Lactobacillus casei is preferably Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (FERM BP-665), Lactobacillus casei YIT 9029 (FERM BP-1366), Lactobacillus casei YIT 10003 (FERM BP-7707). Among them, Lactobacillus casei YIT 9029 (FERM BP-1366) is more preferable.
  • Preferred examples of Lactococcus lactis include Lactococcus lactis YIT 2027 (FERM BP-6224).
  • the Streptococcus thermophilus is preferably Streptococcus thermophilus YIT 2001 (FERM BP-7538).
  • Lactobacillus acidophilus Preferably, Lactobacillus acidophilus YIT 0198 (JCM1028) is mentioned. This strain is deposited with the Microbial Materials Development Office (JCM). Such lactic acid bacteria may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • Lactic acid bacteria are pre-cultured in a medium such as MRS medium in advance, and the pre-culture is added to the medium inoculated with the above-mentioned equol-producing bacteria and cultured.
  • the seeding amount of lactic acid bacteria may be, for example, 0.01 to 50 v / v%, preferably 0.05 to 5 v / v%, more preferably about 0.5 v / v%.
  • Cultivation performed by mixing equol-producing bacteria and lactic acid bacteria is performed under anaerobic or microaerobic conditions, and the culture temperature is preferably 25 to 42 ° C, more preferably 30 to 40 ° C, and more preferably 35 to 39 ° C. Is more preferable.
  • the culture time is preferably 5 to 96 hours, more preferably 10 to 72 hours, and more preferably 12 to 48 hours.
  • the culture may be stationary culture or may be performed at a stirring speed of about 50 to 650 rpm.
  • Test Example 1 Effect of Arginine Addition
  • Arginine hydrochloride was added to the modified GAM medium so that the final concentration was 1.0 w / v% (0.8 w / v% when converted to the amount of arginine in the free form). Then, after autoclaving at 115 ° C. for 15 minutes, anaerobic substitution was performed for 2 days or more in advance in an anaerobic glove box (COY LABORATORY PRODUCTS) to prepare a test medium.
  • the bacterial solution prepared according to the above (A) was inoculated into 4 mL of test medium dispensed in a test tube with an aluminum cap, and cultured at 37 ° C. for 24 hours in an anaerobic glove box. At that time, a modified GAM medium (containing 0.1% arginine) without addition of arginine hydrochloride was used as a control.
  • the proliferation of the microbial cells was evaluated according to the method described in (B) above.
  • Test Example 2 Examination of initial pH and arginine concentration (1) Effect of initial pH Modified method in which arginine hydrochloride was added at 1.0 w / v% (0.8% w / v% in terms of free arginine amount)
  • GAM medium containing 0.1% arginine
  • modified GAM medium not containing arginine hydrochloride the initial pH was adjusted to 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 using hydrochloric acid. After autoclaving at 115 ° C. for 15 minutes, the test medium was prepared by anaerobic replacement for 2 days or more in advance in an anaerobic glove box (COY LABORATORY PRODUCTS).
  • a modified GAM medium without pH adjustment without adding arginine hydrochloride was used as a control.
  • test medium dispensed in a test tube with an aluminum cap, 1/200 of the bacterial solution prepared according to the above (A) was inoculated, and cultured in an anaerobic glove box at 37 ° C. for 24 hours. The proliferation of the cells was evaluated according to the method described in (B) above.
  • the ⁇ OD 600 value increased by 1.2, 1.3 and 1.1 times compared to the medium without pH adjustment (pH 6.9) at the initial pH of 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5, respectively.
  • FIG. 2 the highest ⁇ OD 600 value was exhibited when the initial pH was 6.0.
  • growth was remarkably suppressed at pH 5.0.
  • arginine hydrochloride was not added, there was almost no difference in ⁇ OD 600 value compared to the control.
  • Arginine hydrochloride has final concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 w / v% (in terms of free arginine, 0 .4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.7, 2.1, and 2.5 w / v%) to the modified GAM medium, and the initial pH is set to 5.5 or 6.0 with hydrochloric acid. Then, after autoclaving at 115 ° C. for 15 minutes, anaerobic substitution was performed in an anaerobic glove box (COY LABORATORY PRODUCTS) for 2 days or more in advance to prepare a test medium.
  • COY LABORATORY PRODUCTS an anaerobic glove box
  • test medium dispensed in a test tube with an aluminum cap
  • 1/200 of the bacterial solution prepared according to the above (A) was inoculated, and cultured in an anaerobic glove box at 37 ° C. for 24 hours.
  • the proliferation of the cells was evaluated according to the method described in (B) above.
  • Test Example 3 Effect of Agitation Modified GAM medium (initial pH 5.5 or 6.0) supplemented with 2.0 w / v% arginine hydrochloride (1.7 w / v% in terms of free arginine amount) 200 mL After autoclaving (using 500 ml Kolben) at 115 ° C. for 15 minutes, anaerobic substitution was carried out for 2 days or more in advance in an anaerobic glove box (COY LABORATORY PRODUCTS) to prepare a test medium.
  • the test medium was inoculated with 1/200 of the bacterial solution prepared according to (A) above, and cultured in an anaerobic glove box at 37 ° C. for 24 hours while rotating the stirrer at a stirring speed of 750 rpm.
  • a culture medium having the same composition as that described above and subjected to static culture without rotation was used as a control.
  • the rotational speed of the stirring culture was set to a speed at which the gas phase gas can be diffused throughout the medium and can be stably rotated for 24 hours.
  • the proliferation of the cells was evaluated according to the method described in (B) above.
  • Test Example 4 Mixed culture with lactic acid bacteria (1) Lactic acid strain acidophilus YIT0198, L. casei YIT9029 (LcS) ⁇ Lac. lactis ss. lactis YIT2027, ⁇ St. thermophilus YIT2001
  • a NATTS strain inoculum was prepared in the same manner as (A) above.
  • Various lactic acid bacteria were inoculated into 4 mL of MRS medium with microbank (Iwaki) frozen beads adsorbed with bacterial cells, and aerobically cultured at 37 ° C. for 24 hours.
  • the test medium was 10 mL of 0.5 g / v% glucose / 1.5 w / v% arginine hydrochloride added-modified GAM (pH unadjusted) sealed with nitrogen gas and sealed in a test tube with a butyl stopper.
  • the test medium was inoculated with 0.5% lactic acid bacteria and NATTS strain alone, or each was anaerobically cultured at 37 ° C. for 24 hours.
  • MRS medium was added to the NATTS single culture instead of the culture medium of lactic acid bacteria
  • modified GAM medium was added to the single culture of lactic acid bacteria instead of the culture medium of the NATTS strain. After 24 hours of culturing, the number of bacteria of the NATTS strain and each lactic acid bacterium was measured for the culture solution by the method described in (C) above.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de culture pour la prolifération efficace de bactéries productrices d'équol appartenant à Coriobacteriaceae. La présente invention concerne un procédé de culture de bactéries productrices d'équol appartenant à Coriobacteriaceae dans un milieu de culture contenant de l'arginine, soit a) soit b) ou les deux étant réalisés pour la culture : a) l'ajustement du pH initial à un niveau faiblement acide ; et b) le mélange d'une bactérie d'acide lactique.
PCT/JP2019/013241 2018-03-27 2019-03-27 Procédé de culture de bactéries productrices d'équol WO2019189388A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09238647A (ja) * 1996-03-08 1997-09-16 Yakult Honsha Co Ltd がん予防食品
JP2001340059A (ja) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-11 Yakult Honsha Co Ltd イソフラボンアグリコンを含む発酵豆乳およびその製造方法
WO2010032838A1 (fr) * 2008-09-19 2010-03-25 大塚製薬株式会社 Produit de fermentation contenant un micro-organisme producteur d’équol ayant une capacité constante à produire de l’équol, et son procédé de production
JP2010187647A (ja) * 2009-02-20 2010-09-02 Toyo Hakko:Kk ダイゼイン代謝物産生菌含有組成物及びダイゼイン代謝物の製造方法
WO2010098103A1 (fr) * 2009-02-25 2010-09-02 株式会社ヤクルト本社 Bactérie produisant de l'équol et son utilisation

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6557199B2 (ja) 2016-09-23 2019-08-07 株式会社ヤクルト本社 乳酸菌用選択培地

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09238647A (ja) * 1996-03-08 1997-09-16 Yakult Honsha Co Ltd がん予防食品
JP2001340059A (ja) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-11 Yakult Honsha Co Ltd イソフラボンアグリコンを含む発酵豆乳およびその製造方法
WO2010032838A1 (fr) * 2008-09-19 2010-03-25 大塚製薬株式会社 Produit de fermentation contenant un micro-organisme producteur d’équol ayant une capacité constante à produire de l’équol, et son procédé de production
JP2010187647A (ja) * 2009-02-20 2010-09-02 Toyo Hakko:Kk ダイゼイン代謝物産生菌含有組成物及びダイゼイン代謝物の製造方法
WO2010098103A1 (fr) * 2009-02-25 2010-09-02 株式会社ヤクルト本社 Bactérie produisant de l'équol et son utilisation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MINAMIDA, K. ET AL.: "Production of equol from daidzein by gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium isolated from rat intestine", JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCE AND BIOENGINEERING, vol. 102, no. 3, September 2006 (2006-09-01), pages 247 - 450, XP028042248, doi:10.1263/jbb.102.247 *

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