WO2019188191A1 - Dispositif de commande de distribution de lumière - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande de distribution de lumière Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019188191A1
WO2019188191A1 PCT/JP2019/009687 JP2019009687W WO2019188191A1 WO 2019188191 A1 WO2019188191 A1 WO 2019188191A1 JP 2019009687 W JP2019009687 W JP 2019009687W WO 2019188191 A1 WO2019188191 A1 WO 2019188191A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
electrode layer
refractive index
layer
light distribution
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PCT/JP2019/009687
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
一樹 北村
伊藤　宜弘
太田　益幸
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パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
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Publication of WO2019188191A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019188191A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a light distribution control device.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses a daylighting member that takes light toward an indoor ceiling by reflecting light with the uneven shape of the daylighting unit.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a light distribution control device that can reduce local glare and can efficiently incorporate light when used in a window.
  • a light distribution control device includes a first substrate having translucency, and a second substrate having translucency, which is disposed to face the first substrate.
  • a light distribution layer that distributes incident light, and the light distribution layer includes a concavo-convex structure layer having a plurality of convex portions arranged side by side, and the plurality of convex portions.
  • a refractive index variable layer that is arranged so as to fill a certain concave portion and changes a refractive index according to a voltage applied between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and incident light provided in the concave portion
  • a light-shielding portion that shields at least a part of the refractive index variable layer, the insulating variable liquid, and the insulating liquid Refractive index are different, and a plurality of nanoparticles charged the dispersed in an insulating liquid, the light-shielding portion is conductive.
  • the light distribution control device According to the light distribution control device according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce local glare and to incorporate light efficiently when used for a window.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a light distribution control device according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a part of the light distribution control device according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 3A is a plan view schematically showing a planar view shape of a plurality of convex portions of the concavo-convex structure layer of the light distribution control device according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 3B is a plan view schematically showing a planar view shape of a plurality of convex portions of the concavo-convex structure layer of the light distribution control device according to Modification 1 of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a part of the light distribution control device according to the second modification of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 5A is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining a non-application mode (transparent state) of the light distribution control device according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 5B is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining a voltage application mode (light distribution state) of the light distribution control device according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining one factor of light streaks generated in a conventional light distribution control device.
  • the x axis, the y axis, and the z axis indicate the three axes of the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system.
  • the z-axis direction is the vertical direction
  • the direction perpendicular to the z-axis is the horizontal direction.
  • the positive direction of the z-axis is vertically upward.
  • the “thickness direction” means the thickness direction of the light distribution control device, which is a direction perpendicular to the main surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate
  • plane view means , When viewed from a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the first substrate or the second substrate.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a light distribution control device 1 according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the light distribution control device 1 according to the present embodiment in an enlarged manner, and shows a region II surrounded by a one-dot chain line in FIG.
  • the light distribution control device 1 is an optical device that controls light incident on the light distribution control device 1.
  • the light distribution control device 1 is a light distribution element that can change the traveling direction of light incident on the light distribution control device 1 (that is, distribute light) and emit the light.
  • the light distribution control device 1 is configured to transmit incident light, and includes a first substrate 10, a second substrate 20, a light distribution layer 30, One electrode layer 40 and a second electrode layer 50 are provided.
  • an adhesion layer for closely adhering the first electrode layer 40 and the uneven structure layer 31 of the light distribution layer 30 may be provided on the surface of the first electrode layer 40 on the light distribution layer 30 side.
  • the adhesion layer is, for example, a translucent adhesive sheet or a resin material generally called a primer.
  • the first electrode layer 40, the light distribution layer 30, and the second electrode layer 50 are disposed in this order along the thickness direction between the paired first substrate 10 and second substrate 20. It is a configuration. In order to maintain the distance between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, a plurality of particulate spacers may be dispersed in the plane, or a columnar structure may be formed.
  • the light distribution control device 1 can be realized, for example, as a window with a light distribution function by being installed in a building window.
  • the light distribution control device 1 is used by being attached to a transparent base material such as an existing window glass through an adhesive layer, for example.
  • the light distribution control device 1 may be used as a building window itself.
  • the first substrate 10 is on the outdoor side
  • the second substrate 20 is on the indoor side
  • the first side surface 34a of the convex portion 34 shown in FIG. 2 is on the lower side (floor side).
  • the second side surface 34b is arranged so as to face the upper side (ceiling side).
  • the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 32 of the light distribution layer 30 changes depending on the voltage applied between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50.
  • a difference in refractive index occurs at the interface between the concavo-convex structure layer 31 and the variable refractive index layer 32, and light is distributed using refraction and reflection (total reflection) of light by the interface. For example, at least a part of light incident obliquely downward is emitted obliquely upward by the convex portion 34.
  • the light distribution control device 1 switches between the transparent state and the light distribution state according to the magnitude of the voltage applied between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50.
  • the light distribution direction (traveling direction) of light in the light distribution state changes according to the magnitude of the voltage applied between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are base materials having translucency.
  • a glass substrate or a resin substrate can be used as the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.
  • Examples of the material for the glass substrate include soda glass, alkali-free glass, and high refractive index glass.
  • Examples of the material for the resin substrate include resin materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), acrylic (PMMA), and epoxy.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PMMA acrylic
  • the glass substrate has the advantages of high light transmittance and low moisture permeability. On the other hand, the resin substrate has an advantage of less scattering at the time of destruction.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 may be made of the same material, or may be made of different materials. Moreover, the 1st board
  • the second substrate 20 is a counter substrate facing the first substrate 10 and is disposed at a position facing the first substrate 10.
  • the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are arranged in parallel with a predetermined distance of, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
  • substrate 20 are adhere
  • the plan view shape of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 is, for example, a rectangular shape such as a square or a rectangle, but is not limited thereto, and may be a polygon other than a circle or a rectangle, Any shape can be employed.
  • the light distribution layer 30 is disposed between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50.
  • the light distribution layer 30 has translucency and transmits incident light.
  • the light distribution layer 30 distributes the incident light. That is, the light distribution layer 30 changes the traveling direction of light when the light passes through the light distribution layer 30.
  • the light distribution layer 30 includes an uneven structure layer 31, a refractive index variable layer 32, and a light shielding portion 33.
  • light is reflected at the interface between the concavo-convex structure layer 31 and the refractive index variable layer 32, whereby the traveling direction of the light transmitted through the light distribution control device 1 with respect to the vertical direction is bent.
  • the uneven structure layer 31 is a finely shaped layer provided to make the surface (interface) of the refractive index variable layer 32 uneven. As shown in FIG. 2, the concavo-convex structure layer 31 includes a plurality of convex portions 34 and a plurality of concave portions 35.
  • the concavo-convex structure layer 31 is a concavo-convex structure constituted by a plurality of convex portions 34 having a micro-order size. Between the plurality of convex portions 34 are a plurality of concave portions 35. That is, one concave portion 35 is between two adjacent convex portions 34. In the example illustrated in FIG. 2, an example in which the plurality of convex portions 34 are individually separated is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the plurality of convex portions 34 may be individually connected at the root (on the first electrode layer 40 side).
  • a layer (film) -shaped base portion serving as a base of the convex portion 34 may be provided between the plurality of convex portions 34 and the first electrode layer 40.
  • the plurality of protrusions 34 are a plurality of protrusions arranged side by side in the z-axis direction parallel to the main surface of the first substrate 10 (the surface on which the first electrode layer 40 is provided). That is, in the present embodiment, the z-axis direction is an arrangement direction of the plurality of convex portions 34.
  • FIG. 3A is a plan view schematically showing a planar view shape of a plurality of convex portions 34 of the concavo-convex structure layer 31 of the light distribution control device 1 according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 3A schematically shows the tip portions of the plurality of convex portions 34 with solid lines when the first substrate 10 side is viewed from the second substrate 20 side.
  • the plurality of convex portions 34 are long convex shapes extending in a direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction. Specifically, the plurality of convex portions 34 are formed in a stripe shape extending in the x-axis direction. Each of the plurality of convex portions 34 extends linearly along the x-axis direction. For example, each of the plurality of convex portions 34 is a quadrangular column that is disposed sideways with respect to the first electrode layer 40.
  • each of the plurality of convex portions 34 has a shape that tapers from the root to the tip.
  • the cross-sectional shape of each of the plurality of convex portions 34 is a tapered shape that tapers along the direction from the first substrate 10 toward the second substrate 20.
  • the sectional shape of the convex portion 34 in the yz section is a trapezoid that tapers along the thickness direction of the light distribution control device 1, but is not limited thereto.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the convex portion 34 may be a substantially triangular shape, other polygons, or a polygon including a curve.
  • the shapes of the plurality of convex portions 34 are the same as each other, but may be different.
  • the substantially trapezoidal or triangular shape includes a trapezoidal or triangular shape with rounded vertices.
  • the substantially trapezoidal shape or the substantially triangular shape includes a case where each side is not completely straight, for example, a case where the side is slightly bent with a displacement of about several percent of the length of each side, or a minute unevenness. Cases are also included.
  • each of the plurality of convex portions 34 has a first side surface 34a and a second side surface 34b.
  • the first side surface 34a and the second side surface 34b are surfaces that intersect the z-axis direction.
  • Each of the first side surface 34a and the second side surface 34b is an inclined surface that is inclined at a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the y-axis direction.
  • the distance between the first side surface 34 a and the second side surface 34 b, that is, the width of the convex portion 34 gradually decreases from the first substrate 10 toward the second substrate 20.
  • the first side surface 34a is a side surface on the vertically lower side among the plurality of side surfaces constituting the convex portion 34.
  • the first side surface 34a is a refracting surface that refracts incident light.
  • the second side surface 34b is, for example, the side surface on the vertically upper side among the plurality of side surfaces constituting the convex portion 34 when the light distribution control device 1 is arranged so that the z-axis coincides with the vertical direction.
  • the second side surface 34b is a reflecting surface that reflects incident light. The reflection here is total reflection, and the second side surface 34b functions as a total reflection surface.
  • the inclination angle of the first side surface 34a and the inclination angle of the second side surface 34b are, for example, in the range of 0 ° to 25 °.
  • the two base angles of the substantially trapezoidal shape or the substantially triangular shape which are the cross-sectional shape of the convex portion 34 are 65 ° or more and 90 ° or less, respectively.
  • at least one of the two base angles may be smaller than 65 °.
  • the inclination angle of the first side surface 34a and the inclination angle of the second side surface 34b may be different from each other or may be the same.
  • the width (length in the z-axis direction) of the plurality of convex portions 34 is, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, and preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, but is not limited thereto. Further, the interval between two adjacent convex portions 34 is, for example, 0 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, but is not limited thereto.
  • the material of the concavo-convex structure layer 31 for example, a resin material having optical transparency such as an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, or a silicone resin can be used.
  • the uneven structure layer 31 is formed of, for example, an ultraviolet curable resin material, and can be formed by molding or nanoimprinting.
  • the concavo-convex structure layer 31 can form a concavo-convex structure having a trapezoidal cross section by mold pressing using an acrylic resin having a refractive index of 1.5 for green light.
  • FIG. 3B is a plan view schematically showing a planar view shape of the plurality of convex portions 134 of the light distribution control device 101 according to the modification of the present embodiment.
  • the plurality of convex portions 134 are provided so as to form a plurality of wavy lines extending in the x-axis direction when the first substrate 10 is viewed in plan.
  • the x-axis direction is a direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction (z-axis direction) of the plurality of convex portions 134.
  • the plurality of convex portions 134 may be formed in a wavy stripe shape.
  • the plurality of wavy lines are, for example, a sine wave or a triangular wave, but are not limited thereto.
  • each of the plurality of wavy lines may be a wavy line in which a plurality of arcs or elliptical arcs are connected.
  • the shape and size of each of the plurality of wavy lines are the same as each other, but may be different.
  • the positions of the crests and troughs in the x-axis direction may be different for each wavy line.
  • the refractive index variable layer 32 is provided so as to fill a space between the plurality of convex portions 34 (that is, the concave portion 35). Specifically, the refractive index variable layer 32 is disposed so as to fill a gap formed between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50. As shown in FIG. 2, when the tip of the convex portion 34 and the second electrode layer 50 are separated from each other, the refractive index variable layer 32 includes not only the concave portion 35 but also the tip of the convex portion 34 and the second electrode layer 50. It arrange
  • the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 32 changes depending on the voltage applied between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50.
  • the refractive index variable layer 32 functions as a refractive index adjustment layer capable of adjusting the refractive index in the visible light band when a voltage is applied between the electrodes.
  • a DC voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50 by a control device (not shown) or the like.
  • the refractive index variable layer 32 includes an insulating liquid 36 and nanoparticles 37 included in the insulating liquid 36.
  • the refractive index variable layer 32 is a nanoparticle dispersion layer in which countless nanoparticles 37 are dispersed in the insulating liquid 36.
  • the insulating liquid 36 is a transparent liquid having insulating properties and is a solvent serving as a dispersion medium in which the nanoparticles 37 are dispersed as a dispersoid.
  • a material having a refractive index (solvent refractive index) of about 1.3 to about 1.6 can be used.
  • the insulating liquid 36 having a refractive index of about 1.4 is used.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the insulating liquid 36 is preferably about 100 mm 2 / s.
  • the insulating liquid 36 has a low dielectric constant (for example, less than the dielectric constant of the concavo-convex structure layer 31), non-flammability (for example, a high flash point having a flash point of 250 ° C. or higher) and low volatility. Also good.
  • the insulating liquid 36 is a hydrocarbon such as an aliphatic hydrocarbon, naphtha, and other petroleum solvents, a low molecular weight halogen-containing polymer, or a mixture thereof.
  • the insulating liquid 36 is a halogenated hydrocarbon such as a fluorinated hydrocarbon.
  • silicone oil or the like can be used.
  • a plurality of nanoparticles 37 are dispersed in the insulating liquid 36.
  • the nanoparticles 37 are fine particles having a particle size of nano-order size.
  • the particle size of the nanoparticles 37 is preferably ⁇ / 4 or less.
  • the particle size of the nanoparticles 37 is preferably as small as possible, preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably several nm to several tens nm.
  • the nanoparticles 37 are made of, for example, a high refractive index material. Specifically, the refractive index of the nanoparticles 37 is higher than the refractive index of the insulating liquid 36. In the present embodiment, the refractive index of the nanoparticles 37 is higher than the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure layer 31.
  • the nanoparticles 37 for example, metal oxide fine particles can be used.
  • the nanoparticles 37 may be made of a material having a high transmittance.
  • transparent zirconia particles having a refractive index of 2.1 composed of zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) are used as the nanoparticles 37.
  • the nanoparticles 37 are not limited to zirconium oxide, and may be composed of titanium oxide (TiO 2 : refractive index 2.5) or the like.
  • the nanoparticles 37 are charged particles that are charged.
  • the nanoparticles 37 can be charged positively (plus) or negatively (minus).
  • the nanoparticles 37 are positively (plus) charged.
  • the refractive index variable layer 32 configured in this way, charged nanoparticles 37 are dispersed throughout the insulating liquid 36.
  • the refractive index variable layer 32 is obtained by dispersing zirconia particles having a refractive index of 2.1 as nanoparticles 37 and dispersing them in an insulating liquid 36 having a solvent refractive index of about 1.4. It is said.
  • the overall refractive index (average refractive index) of the refractive index variable layer 32 is set to be approximately the same as the refractive index of the concavo-convex structure layer 31 in a state where the nanoparticles 37 are uniformly dispersed in the insulating liquid 36. In this embodiment, it is about 1.5.
  • the overall refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 32 can be changed by adjusting the concentration (amount) of the nanoparticles 37 dispersed in the insulating liquid 36. Although details will be described later, the amount of the nanoparticles 37 is, for example, such that it is buried in the recesses 35 of the uneven structure layer 31. In this case, the concentration of the nanoparticles 37 with respect to the insulating liquid 36 is about 10% to about 30%.
  • the nanoparticles 37 dispersed in the insulating liquid 36 are charged, when a voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50, the nanoparticles 37 have a polarity with which the nanoparticles 37 are charged. Electrophoreses in the insulating liquid 36 so as to be attracted to the electrode layer having a polarity different from that of the electrode layer and is unevenly distributed in the insulating liquid 36. In the present embodiment, since the nanoparticles 37 are positively charged, they are attracted to the negative electrode layer of the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50.
  • the particle distribution of the nanoparticles 37 in the refractive index variable layer 32 can be changed to give the concentration distribution of the nanoparticles 37 in the refractive index variable layer 32, so that the refractive index in the refractive index variable layer 32 can be obtained.
  • the refractive index variable layer 32 mainly functions as a refractive index adjustment layer that can adjust the refractive index for light in the visible light band.
  • the refractive index variable layer 32 includes, for example, outer peripheries of the first substrate 10 on which the first electrode layer 40 and the concavo-convex structure layer 31 are formed and the second substrate 20 on which the second electrode layer 50 is formed. It is formed by injecting a refractive index variable material by a vacuum injection method while being sealed with a seal resin. Alternatively, the refractive index variable layer 32 is formed by dropping the refractive index variable material onto the first electrode layer 40 and the concavo-convex structure layer 31 of the first substrate 10 and then attaching the second substrate 20 on which the second electrode layer 50 is formed. You may form by combining.
  • the refractive index variable material is an insulating liquid 36 in which nanoparticles 37 are dispersed. An insulating liquid 36 in which nanoparticles 37 are dispersed is sealed between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.
  • the thickness of the refractive index variable layer 32 is, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, but is not limited thereto.
  • the light shielding unit 33 shields at least part of the incident light.
  • shielding means not only completely blocking incident light but also blocking only a part and transmitting the rest.
  • light blocking refers to a state where blocking is more dominant than light transmission.
  • the transmittance for visible light of the light-shielding portion 33 is lower than 50%, preferably 20% or less, or 10% or less.
  • the light shielding portion 33 is a light shielding film provided on the bottom of the recess 35. Specifically, like the concavo-convex structure layer 31, the light shielding portion 33 is formed in a stripe shape extending in the x-axis direction. In the present embodiment, the light shielding portions 33 are provided in all the concave portions 35, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the light-shielding part 33 may be provided every n pieces (n is a natural number of 1 or more) of the plurality of recesses 35 along the z-axis direction.
  • the light shielding part 33 includes, for example, a black pigment.
  • a black pigment for example, a carbon black pigment such as carbon black or an oxide black pigment can be used.
  • black aqueous ink is applied in the recesses 35 using a bar coater and then dried in an environment of 100 ° C.
  • the transmittance of the light shielding part 33 can be adjusted by the concentration of black aqueous ink to be used (specifically, the amount of black pigment) and the number of coatings. Specifically, the transmittance of the light shielding portion 33 can be lowered (that is, it is difficult for light to pass through) by increasing the concentration of ink or increasing the number of times of application.
  • the width (z-axis direction) of the light shielding portion 33 is the width of the concave portion 35, that is, the distance between the adjacent convex portions 34.
  • the width of the light shielding portion 33 is 0 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the width of the light shielding part 33 is smaller than the thickness of the base part of the convex part 34 (the bottom of the trapezoid).
  • the width of the light shielding portion 33 is equal to or less than one fifth of the thickness of the root portion of the convex portion 34, for example, 2 ⁇ m.
  • the light shielding portion 33 has conductivity.
  • the electrical resistance value of the light shielding part 33 is smaller than the electrical resistance value of the insulating liquid 36 and is equal to or greater than the electrical resistance value of the first electrode layer 40.
  • the sheet resistance of the light shielding part 33 is 100 k ⁇ / sq or less.
  • the sheet resistance of the light shielding part 33 may be 10 k ⁇ / sq or less, or 1 k ⁇ / sq or less.
  • the light shielding part 33 has conductivity by including conductive carbon black.
  • the light shielding part 33 is in contact with both the first electrode layer 40 and the refractive index variable layer 32, for example.
  • the light shielding part 33 has substantially the same potential as the first electrode layer 40.
  • the nanoparticles 37 contained in the refractive index variable layer 32 are easily attracted to the light shielding portion 33 with which the insulating liquid 36 is in contact. Since the light shielding part 33 has conductivity, a current can flow between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50. Thereby, the migration of the nanoparticles 37 can be performed smoothly, and the refractive index distribution of the refractive index variable layer 32 can be made different.
  • the light shielding part 33 is formed with a substantially uniform film thickness.
  • the thickness (y-axis direction) of the light shielding part 33 is, for example, 200 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of a light distribution control device 201 according to a modification of the present embodiment.
  • the 4 includes a light distribution layer 230 instead of the light distribution layer 30.
  • the light distribution layer 230 includes a light shielding unit 233 instead of the light shielding unit 33.
  • the film thickness at both ends of the light shielding part 233 is larger than the film thickness at the central part of the light shielding part 233.
  • the interface between the light shielding part 233 and the refractive index variable layer 32 is recessed in a concave shape.
  • the interface between the light shielding part 233 and the refractive index variable layer 32 has a curved surface.
  • the light shielding part 233 is formed by drying ink containing a black pigment, for example. At this time, when the ink is applied and dried in a posture in which the first substrate 10 is vertically downward (that is, the positive direction of the y axis is vertically upward), the concave surface is naturally formed by the weight of the ink and the surface tension. It is formed.
  • the light shielding part 233 may be formed by forming the light shielding part 33 with a uniform film thickness and then shaving the central part of the light shielding part 33 by etching or the like.
  • the light shielding portions 33 and 233 may not be black.
  • the light shielding portions 33 and 233 may be obtained by drying a solvent ink containing a colored pigment. Drying may be natural drying.
  • first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50 are electrically paired.
  • the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50 are paired not only electrically but also in arrangement, and are arranged between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 so as to face each other. ing. Specifically, the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50 are arranged so as to sandwich the light distribution layer 30.
  • the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50 are translucent and transmit incident light.
  • the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50 are, for example, transparent conductive layers.
  • a conductor-containing resin made of a resin containing a conductor such as a transparent metal oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), silver nanowires or conductive particles, or A metal thin film such as a silver thin film can be used.
  • the 1st electrode layer 40 and the 2nd electrode layer 50 may be these single layer structures, and these laminated structures (for example, laminated structure of a transparent metal oxide and a metal thin film) may be sufficient as them.
  • each of the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50 is ITO having a thickness of 100 nm.
  • the first electrode layer 40 is disposed between the first substrate 10 and the uneven structure layer 31. Specifically, the first electrode layer 40 is formed on the surface of the first substrate 10 on the light distribution layer 30 side.
  • the second electrode layer 50 is disposed between the refractive index variable layer 32 and the second substrate 20. Specifically, the second electrode layer 50 is formed on the surface of the second substrate 20 on the light distribution layer 30 side.
  • the 1st electrode layer 40 and the 2nd electrode layer 50 are comprised so that electrical connection with an external power supply is attained, for example.
  • electrode pads or the like for connecting to an external power source may be formed on the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 by being drawn from each of the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50.
  • the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50 are each formed by forming a conductive film such as ITO by vapor deposition, sputtering, or the like, for example.
  • FIG. 5A is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining a non-application mode (transparent state) of the light distribution control device 1 according to the present embodiment. Further, in FIG. 5A, the paths of the light L1 and the light L2 that enter the light distribution control device 1 obliquely are indicated by arrows.
  • FIG. 5A no voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50. Specifically, the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50 are equipotential with each other. In this case, since the nanoparticles 37 are not attracted to any electrode layer, the nanoparticles 37 are dispersed throughout the insulating liquid 36.
  • the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 32 in a state where the nanoparticles 37 are dispersed throughout the insulating liquid 36 is about 1.5 as described above.
  • the refractive index of the convex part 34 of the concavo-convex structure layer 31 is about 1.5. That is, the plurality of convex portions 34 and the refractive index variable layer 32 have the same refractive index. Therefore, the refractive index is uniform throughout the light distribution layer 30.
  • the light distribution control device 1 is in a transparent state that allows the incident light to pass through substantially as it is (without changing the traveling direction).
  • the light L1 is actually incident on the first substrate 10, emitted from the second substrate 20, passed through the interface between the first substrate 10 and the first electrode layer 40, and the second. Although it is refracted when the passing medium changes, such as when passing through the interface between the electrode layer 50 and the second substrate 20, it is not shown in FIG. 5A. The same applies to FIG. 5B described later.
  • FIG. 5B is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining a voltage application mode (light distribution state) of the light distribution control device 1 according to the present embodiment. Further, in FIG. 5B, the paths of the light L1 and the light L2 that are obliquely incident on the light distribution control device 1 are indicated by thick arrows.
  • a predetermined voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50.
  • a voltage having a potential difference of about several tens of volts is applied to the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50.
  • the second electrode layer 50 has a higher potential than the first electrode layer 40. For this reason, the positively charged nanoparticles 37 migrate toward the first electrode layer 40 and enter the concave portion 35 of the concave-convex structure layer 31 and accumulate.
  • the nanoparticles 37 are unevenly distributed on the uneven structure layer 31 side in the refractive index variable layer 32, whereby the particle distribution of the nanoparticles 37 is changed and the refractive index distribution in the refractive index variable layer 32 is not uniform. Disappear. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5B, a concentration distribution of nanoparticles 37 is formed in the refractive index variable layer 32.
  • the concentration of the nanoparticles 37 is high, and in the second region 32b on the second electrode layer 50 side, the concentration of the nanoparticles 37 is low. Accordingly, a difference in refractive index occurs between the first region 32a and the second region 32b.
  • the refractive index of the nanoparticles 37 is higher than the refractive index of the insulating liquid 36.
  • the refractive index of the first region 32a in which the concentration of the nanoparticles 37 is high is higher than the refractive index of the second region 32b in which the concentration of the nanoparticles 37 is low, that is, the proportion of the insulating liquid 36 is large.
  • the refractive index of the first region 32a is greater than about 1.5 to about 1.8 depending on the concentration of the nanoparticles 37.
  • the refractive index of the second region 32 b becomes a value less than about 1.4 to less than about 1.5 depending on the concentration of the nanoparticles 37.
  • the refractive index of the plurality of protrusions 34 is about 1.5, when a voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50, the protrusion 34 and the first region 32a There is a difference in refractive index between them. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5B, when the light L1 is incident from an oblique direction, the incident light L1 is refracted by the first side surface 34a of the convex portion 34 and then totally reflected by the second side surface 34b.
  • the incident angle and the emission angle of the light L1 are different in the vertical cross section.
  • the light L1 incident from diagonally upward to diagonally downward is emitted from the light distribution control device 1 diagonally upward.
  • the light distribution control device 1 enters a light distribution state in which incident light is transmitted with its traveling direction bent.
  • the degree of aggregation of the nanoparticles 37 can be changed according to the magnitude of the applied voltage.
  • the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer 32 changes depending on the degree of aggregation of the nanoparticles 37. For this reason, it is also possible to change the light distribution direction by changing the difference in refractive index between the first side surface 34 a and the second side surface 34 b (interface) of the convex portion 34.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining one factor of light streaks generated in the conventional light distribution control device 1x.
  • the light distribution control device 1x illustrated in FIG. 6 is different from the light distribution control device 1 illustrated in FIG. 2 according to the embodiment in that the light shielding unit 33 is not provided.
  • FIG. 6 shows a case where the light distribution control device 1x is in the light distribution mode. Specifically, the refractive index of the first region 32 a of the refractive index variable layer 32 of the light distribution layer 30 x is larger than the refractive index of the convex portion 34.
  • the light L3 incident on the concave portion 35 of the light distribution layer 30x from the first electrode layer 40 is partially scattered by the difference in refractive index between the first electrode layer 40 and the light distribution layer 30x (see FIG. Scattered light Lx shown in FIG.
  • Most of the scattered light is light traveling in the yz plane, and thus appears as a streak of light along the z-axis direction. Thereby, for the person who sees the light distribution control device 1x from the front, a linear local glare is felt.
  • the light shielding portion 33 is provided in the concave portion 35 of the concave-convex structure layer 31.
  • the light L ⁇ b> 2 incident on the light shielding part 33 among the light obliquely incident on the light distribution control device 1 is shielded by the light shielding part 33.
  • production of the scattered light Lx as shown in FIG. 6 is suppressed.
  • each intensity of the scattered light Lx is weaker than the main component of the light L1, it is sufficiently attenuated by the light shielding unit 33.
  • the light L ⁇ b> 2 is blocked by the light blocking unit 33.
  • the light distribution control device 1 can transmit most (for example, 80%) or more of light incident on the light distribution control device 1.
  • the light shielding unit 33 may transmit a part of the light L2.
  • the transmitted light of the light L2 is reflected by the second side surface 34b of the convex portion 34 and emitted from the second substrate 20 obliquely upward, similarly to the light L1.
  • the transmitted light of the light L2 passes through the light distribution control device 1 as it is, as with the light L1.
  • the light distribution control device 1 includes the first substrate 10 having translucency, and the second substrate 20 having translucency disposed so as to face the first substrate 10. And the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50 having translucency, which are disposed opposite to each other between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, and the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode.
  • the light distribution layer 30 is disposed between the layer 50 and distributes incident light.
  • the light distribution layer 30 is disposed so as to fill the concavo-convex structure layer 31 having the plurality of convex portions 34 arranged side by side and the concave portion 35 between the plurality of convex portions 34, and the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 40.
  • the refractive index variable layer 32 includes an insulating liquid 36 and a plurality of charged nanoparticles 37 dispersed in the insulating liquid 36 having a refractive index different from that of the insulating liquid 36.
  • the light shielding part 33 has conductivity.
  • the light shielding portion 33 is provided in the concave portion 35, the scattered light generated in the concave portion 35 can be suppressed. Therefore, generation of light streaks is suppressed and local glare is reduced.
  • the light shielding portion 33 has conductivity, electrophoresis of the charged nanoparticles 37 included in the refractive index variable layer 32 can be caused.
  • the light shielding unit 33 has the same polarity as the first electrode layer 40. Therefore, the plurality of nanoparticles 37 dispersed in the insulating liquid 36 are easily attracted to the light shielding portion 33 that is in contact with the insulating liquid 36. For this reason, for example, a plurality of nanoparticles 37 are attracted to the light shielding portion 33 and accumulated in the concave portion 35, thereby generating a refractive index difference between the convex portion 34 and the refractive index variable layer 32.
  • the light traveling direction can be bent by refracting or reflecting the incident light by the refractive index difference.
  • the difference in refractive index between the plurality of convex portions 34 and the refractive index variable layer 32 is adjusted by adjusting the voltage applied to the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50.
  • the light distribution control device 1 can be made transparent by making the refractive index difference between the plurality of convex portions 34 and the refractive index variable layer 32 substantially zero.
  • the interface between the convex portions 34 and the refractive index variable layer 32 (specifically, the second of the convex portions 34).
  • the side surface 34b) can be made to function as a total reflection surface, and the traveling direction can be bent by totally reflecting incident light. That is, the light distribution control device 1 can be in a light distribution state.
  • the light distribution control device 1 As described above, according to the light distribution control device 1 according to the present embodiment, local glare can be reduced, and light can be taken in efficiently when used in a window.
  • the inventors made a prototype of the light distribution control device 1 and applied a predetermined voltage between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50. As a result, the light distribution control device 1 can be in a light distribution state. Was confirmed. In addition, when the light distribution control device 1 is in the light distribution state, it was confirmed that a current flows between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50. That is, it is assumed that the light distribution control device 1 according to the present embodiment is a current control device that changes its optical state when a current flows.
  • the light shielding part 33 is a light shielding film provided on the bottom of the recess 35.
  • the light shielding part 33 and the first electrode layer 40 can be set to substantially the same potential, the nanoparticles 37 are more easily attracted to the light shielding part 33. Therefore, the migration of the nanoparticles 37 in the insulating liquid 36 is performed smoothly, and the light distribution state and the transparent state can be quickly switched.
  • the film thickness at both ends of the light shielding film may be larger than the film thickness at the center of the light shielding film.
  • the central portion of the light shielding portion 233 is thinned, so that the light transmittance at the central portion is increased. Accordingly, since the main incident light can be transmitted while blocking the scattered light, the daylighting efficiency can be increased while suppressing local glare. Moreover, since the visibility of the outdoors can be improved for the person who is indoors, the original function (namely, transparency) as a window can be improved.
  • the plurality of convex portions 134 may be provided so as to form a plurality of wavy lines extending in a direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the plurality of convex portions 134 when the first substrate 10 is viewed in plan.
  • the plurality of convex portions 134 are provided so as to form a plurality of wavy lines in a plan view. For example, when the peak position, period, amplitude, etc. are different for each wavy line, the periodicity of the plurality of convex portions 134 can be easily disturbed. When the periodicity is disturbed, the diffraction phenomenon is suppressed and rainbow irregularities can be mitigated.
  • the second side surface 34b functioning as a total reflection surface includes a surface that intersects the x axis obliquely along the wavy line. For this reason, a part of the light transmitted through the light distribution control device 1 is distributed so as to spread in the direction along the x axis (for example, the left-right direction). For this reason, the range which can distribute light, specifically, the range which can be irradiated indoors can be expanded.
  • the electrical resistance value of the light shielding part 33 is smaller than the electrical resistance value of the insulating liquid 36 and is equal to or greater than the electrical resistance value of the first electrode layer 40.
  • the resistance of the light shielding part 33 is reduced and the potential of the light shielding part 33 can be brought close to the potential of the first electrode layer 40, so that the nanoparticles 37 are easily attracted to the light shielding part 33. Therefore, the migration of the nanoparticles 37 in the insulating liquid 36 is performed smoothly, and the light distribution state and the transparent state can be quickly switched.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the light shielding part 33 or 233 may not be in contact with the first electrode layer 40, and an adhesive layer or the like may be provided between the first electrode layer 40 and the light shielding part 33 or 233.
  • the plurality of convex portions 34 may be divided into a plurality of portions in the x-axis direction.
  • the plurality of convex portions 34 may be arranged so as to be scattered in a matrix or the like. That is, you may arrange
  • the refractive index of the nanoparticles 37 may be lower than the refractive index of the insulating liquid 36.
  • a transparent state and a light distribution state can be realized.
  • the light distribution state may be realized when a voltage is not applied between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50, and the transparent state may be realized when a voltage is applied.
  • the nanoparticles 37 are positively charged, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the nanoparticles 37 may be negatively charged.
  • a direct voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 40 and the second electrode layer 50 by applying a positive potential to the first electrode layer 40 and applying a negative potential to the second electrode layer 50. Good.
  • the plurality of nanoparticles 37 may include a plurality of types of nanoparticles having different optical characteristics.
  • a transparent first nanoparticle charged positively and an opaque (black or the like) second nanoparticle charged negatively may be included.
  • the light distribution control device may be provided with a light shielding function by aggregating and unevenly distributing the second nanoparticles.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a liquid crystal material may be used as the refractive index variable material.
  • the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer changes using the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules contained in the liquid crystal material.
  • the refractive index of the refractive index variable layer changes. Thereby, the transparent state, the light distribution state, and the light distribution direction in the light distribution state can be controlled.
  • sunlight is exemplified as light incident on the light distribution control device.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the light incident on the light distribution control device may be light emitted from a light emitting device such as a lighting device.
  • the light distribution control device is not limited to being installed in a building window, and may be installed in a car window, for example.
  • the light distribution control device can also be used for a light distribution control member such as a light-transmitting cover of a lighting fixture.
  • the light distribution control device can also be used as a blindfold member that utilizes light scattering at the interface of the concavo-convex structure.
  • the embodiment can be realized by arbitrarily combining the components and functions in each embodiment without departing from the scope of the present invention, or a form obtained by subjecting each embodiment to various modifications conceived by those skilled in the art. Forms are also included in the present invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif de commande de distribution de lumière (1) selon la présente invention est pourvu : d'un premier substrat (10) et d'un second substrat (20) qui sont disposés de sorte à se faire face et présentant des propriétés de transmission de lumière ; d'une première couche d'électrode (40) et d'une seconde couche d'électrode (50) qui sont disposées entre le premier substrat (10) et le second substrat (20) de sorte à se faire face et présentant des propriétés de transmission de lumière ; et d'une couche de distribution de lumière (30) qui est disposée entre la première couche d'électrode (40) et la seconde couche d'électrode (50). La couche de distribution de lumière (30) comprend : une couche (31) de structure évidée et en saillie qui a une pluralité de saillies (34) qui sont disposées côte à côte ; une couche (32) à variation d'indice de réfraction qui est disposée de façon à remplir un évidement (35) qui est un espace entre la pluralité de saillies (34) ; et une partie de blocage de lumière (33) qui est disposée dans l'évidement (35) de sorte à bloquer au moins une partie de la lumière incidente. La couche à variation d'indice de réfraction (32) est pourvue : d'un liquide isolant (36) ; et d'une pluralité de nanoparticules chargées (37) qui présentent un indice de réfraction qui est différent de celui du liquide isolant (36), et qui sont distribuées dans le liquide isolant (36). Ladite partie de blocage de lumière (33) est électroconductrice.
PCT/JP2019/009687 2018-03-26 2019-03-11 Dispositif de commande de distribution de lumière WO2019188191A1 (fr)

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JP2018-058952 2018-03-26

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5642265A (en) * 1979-08-02 1981-04-20 Philips Nv Electrophoresis image display unit
JP2002122891A (ja) * 2000-10-19 2002-04-26 Konica Corp 電気泳動表示素子及びその製造方法
JP2010510538A (ja) * 2006-11-21 2010-04-02 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 電気泳動粒子システムに基づくスイッチング可能な格子
US7751667B2 (en) * 2005-12-21 2010-07-06 Xerox Corporation Microfabricated light collimating screen
JP2010538413A (ja) * 2007-08-27 2010-12-09 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 光出力装置
WO2015122083A1 (fr) * 2014-02-17 2015-08-20 Ｎｌｔテクノロジー株式会社 Élément optique, son procédé de fabrication, dispositif d'affichage ayant l'élément optique, dispositif électronique et dispositif d'éclairage

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5642265A (en) * 1979-08-02 1981-04-20 Philips Nv Electrophoresis image display unit
JP2002122891A (ja) * 2000-10-19 2002-04-26 Konica Corp 電気泳動表示素子及びその製造方法
US7751667B2 (en) * 2005-12-21 2010-07-06 Xerox Corporation Microfabricated light collimating screen
JP2010510538A (ja) * 2006-11-21 2010-04-02 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 電気泳動粒子システムに基づくスイッチング可能な格子
JP2010538413A (ja) * 2007-08-27 2010-12-09 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 光出力装置
WO2015122083A1 (fr) * 2014-02-17 2015-08-20 Ｎｌｔテクノロジー株式会社 Élément optique, son procédé de fabrication, dispositif d'affichage ayant l'élément optique, dispositif électronique et dispositif d'éclairage

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