WO2019185733A1 - Île apte à flotter - Google Patents

Île apte à flotter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019185733A1
WO2019185733A1 PCT/EP2019/057749 EP2019057749W WO2019185733A1 WO 2019185733 A1 WO2019185733 A1 WO 2019185733A1 EP 2019057749 W EP2019057749 W EP 2019057749W WO 2019185733 A1 WO2019185733 A1 WO 2019185733A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
island
grains
layers
floatable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/057749
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter SCHWAMMBERGER
Original Assignee
Schwammberger Peter
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schwammberger Peter filed Critical Schwammberger Peter
Publication of WO2019185733A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019185733A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a buoyant island, as well as the use of a buoyant island.
  • EP 2 468 088 B1 describes an adjustable, vegetated buoyant island consisting of nonwoven grid fleece and foam injections.
  • JP 2003 013424 describes a buoyant island of one or more layers of water-permeable, non-woven braid and expanded foam.
  • JP 2002 142583 describes a vegetated island of plantable water-absorbent material consisting of a non-woven mesh structure with built-in expanded foam rods.
  • Floating islands can still offer room for improvement. Potential for improvement can be found in particular in the island's ability to integrate into the natural environment and the improvement of the quality of the water through the island.
  • the invention proposes a buoyant island.
  • the buoyant island has at least one layer, the layer having grains, the grains consisting essentially of a mineral material.
  • buoyant island the water quality of a body of water can be particularly well improved, water eutrophication can be counteracted and avoided, a natural habitat for flora, fauna, fish and other aquatic organisms can be provided, and the Floating island can be well integrated into the natural landscape without exerting negative environmental effects on flora, fauna and waters.
  • microbial degradation processes of water pollutants favored and a natural aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem can be created without having to make significant changes in existing flora and fauna or in the water itself, its structure and in particular the water level.
  • the buoyant islands according to the invention advantageously provide a mineral natural soil material for flora and fauna, due to a large surface also habitat for the colonization of nutrient and pollutant degrading microorganisms, as well as a habitat for terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Due to a loose bed of grains, the mineral material provides an improved substrate for the development of plant roots, as it can accommodate the space needs of growing roots by rearranging the grains.
  • the layers of the invention are resistant to damage due to their flexible structure Frost.
  • water can advantageously be transported by capillary forces up to the surface of the buoyant island due to the mineral material. As a result, young plants whose roots do not yet reach into the water during planting or plant seeds that are seeded on the surface can be adequately supplied with water and nutrients.
  • the term "buoyant island” is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an island which can be installed in designated waters and is located at least partially above the water level.
  • a “buoyant island” is also an island that is at times completely below the water level, for example due to waves.
  • the term "island” is to be understood as an object surrounded by water, in particular an object completely surrounded by water.
  • An island can also be a peninsula, which is only partially surrounded by water.
  • mineral material is to be understood in the context of the invention as a solid, usually crystalline, material which can be produced by geological processes under normal conditions.
  • the grains consist of a plurality of different mineral materials.
  • the mineral material is a composite material of mineral material and plastic.
  • the mineral material has a low density, preferably a density less than or equal to the density of water, in particular a density less than or equal to 1 g / cm 3 .
  • a low density is to be understood as meaning that the density is not substantially greater than the density of water, for example not more than three times the density of water, in particular not more than twice the density of water.
  • a density is to be understood as the dry bulk density.
  • the buoyant island has only a few or no additional devices in order to be buoyant.
  • the grains have a mean grain size, through which the layer of buoyant island as
  • Root room is suitable for plants. This is to be understood in particular as an average particle size in the size range of sand, gravel or stones. In particular, it can be provided that the grains have a mean grain size in a range of 0.2 mm to 500 mm, preferably in a range of 0.2 mm to 200 mm.
  • the mean grain size and the grain diameter are understood to mean the equivalent diameter of the weight average D50 of the grains measured by sieving according to DIN 66165.
  • the mineral material has pores.
  • the mineral material is porous, that has a corresponding void volume.
  • the mineral material has pores with an average pore diameter in a range of 10 pm to 100 pm.
  • the mineral material has a large surface area for the settlement of pollutant degrading microorganisms.
  • it can be achieved by storing gas, which is formed by microbial processes, into the pores as well as into the cavities between the grains, whereby the density of the layer can be reduced and the buoyancy of the buoyant island can be maintained in the long term.
  • a high level of thermal insulation can be achieved, so that the island sustainably lowers the water temperature and a
  • the mineral material dry has a thermal conductivity in a range of greater than or equal to 0.02 W / (m K) to less than or equal to 0.3 W / (m K), preferably greater or equal to 0.04 W / (m K) to less than or equal to 0.2 W / (m K).
  • the mineral material consists essentially of expanded mineral material, preferably selected from the group consisting of pumice, volcanic slag, expanded glass, expanded clay, swelling, sintered fly ash and mixtures thereof. It can be provided that the expanded mineral material is a natural or an artificial by Temperature supply produced expanded mineral material is, as well as a mixture of naturally and artificially expanded mineral materials.
  • the layer may comprise expanded clay grains having a dry bulk density in a range of greater than or equal to 0.5 g / cm 3 to less than or equal to 0.75 g / cm 3 and a mean grain size of greater than or equal to 5 mm to less than or equal to 20 mm.
  • the layer may, for example, grains of pumice having a dry bulk density in a range of greater than or equal to 0.05 g / cm 3 to less than or equal to 0.2 g / cm 3 and a mean grain size of greater than or equal to 1 mm less than or equal to 500 mm.
  • the layer may, for example, comprise grains of volcanic slag having a dry bulk density in a range of greater than or equal to 0.8 g / cm 3 to less than or equal to 1.7 g / cm 3 and a mean grain size greater than or equal to 6 mm less than or equal to 500 mm.
  • the surface of the grains are coated with a wax or wax-like material.
  • the mineral material can also be selected according to the country-specific and regional water regulations.
  • the at least one layer has a mesh and / or mesh, wherein the mesh and / or mesh surrounds the at least one layer and wherein the mesh and / or mesh has a mesh width which is smaller as the mean grain size of the grains of the at least one layer.
  • the mesh and / or grid can be made of metal, plastic, Kunststoffgam, Naturgam or other materials, for example.
  • the grains of the layer are held together, and a fluid exchange of the environment with the grains of the layer remains possible.
  • the layer can react flexibly to movements of the environment, such as, for example, wave movements or mechanical stress.
  • it can be achieved with correspondingly large particle sizes and mesh sizes that even small fish and other aquatic microorganisms can pass through the network structure. This will help to increase biodiversity, increase the species population and improve the ecosystem.
  • the layer additionally has a framework.
  • a framework is to understand a structure which framed and / or penetrates the at least one layer.
  • a shape of the at least one layer is predetermined and the at least one layer can be easily formed by filling this shape with the grains.
  • filling of the network for example with a concrete pump, can be facilitated by a framework and the frame scaffolding can add stability to the buoyant island.
  • the framework may be incorporated in a network and / or grid or surround a network and / or grid. It may be provided that the frame framework consists essentially of wood, metal and / or plastic. In addition, it can be provided that the components of the framework are firmly or flexibly connected to each other. By this is meant that bars of the framework can be fixed or flexible connected to each other to the frame structure.
  • a binder is disposed between the grains.
  • the binder is an adhesive, elastic adhesive, such as an MS polymer based hydrogel or adhesive.
  • An elastic adhesive is to be understood as meaning adhesives which are flexible and extensible.
  • the layer retains its shape without a framework and / or a net and / or grid, wherein the interstices and porous structure of the layer are not adversely affected.
  • the binder is arranged only between grains on a surface of the at least one layer surrounding the at least one layer. In other words, it may be provided that the grains bound with binder surround the at least one layer and thus replace the function of the mesh and / or lattice structure.
  • the layer has a mesh and / or grid and / or a frame framework.
  • the grains are mounted on at least one wire.
  • a layer structure with particularly many and large cavities can be formed.
  • the grains are mounted on at least one wire and have an average grain size in a range of 300 mm to 500 mm.
  • the wire consists essentially of metal, plastic or another material.
  • the wire consists of a stretchable material.
  • the grains are movably mounted along the wire direction.
  • substantially spherical spacers made of organic material are mounted on the wire between individual grains.
  • the grains are homogeneously spaced and can be formed into a uniform layer.
  • the organic material may be cork or wood.
  • the grains are mounted on a plurality of wires. It can be provided that a plurality of wires are arranged substantially parallel to each other and are connected by a plurality of substantially orthogonal wires. In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that only grains on a surface surrounding the at least one layer of the at least one layer are mounted on a plurality of wires.
  • a plurality of wires are arranged substantially parallel to each other and are connected by a plurality of substantially orthogonal wires.
  • the coemers mounted on substantially parallel and orthogonally connected wires surround a layer and thus replace the function of the network and / or lattice structure.
  • the layer has a mesh and / or grid and / or a frame framework.
  • the layer has buoyant body.
  • the buoyancy bodies have a very low density.
  • the layer may comprise preformed buoyancy bodies and / or buoyancy bodies shaped as an injection in the layer.
  • a buoyant body is to be understood as meaning a body which has a positive buoyancy in water.
  • a very low density in the context of the present invention is to be understood as meaning a density which is lower than the density of water.
  • the density may be less than 1.0 g / cm 3 , preferably less than or equal to 0.5 g / cm 3 , more preferably less than or equal to 0.3 g / cm 3 , in particular less than or equal to 0.1 g / cm 3 .
  • buoyancy body can be advantageously achieved that mineral material can be used with a greater density than the density of water.
  • it can be achieved by buoyancy that excessive flooding of the buoyant island can be prevented in waters with high flow velocities, high swell, and navigation, since the height of the island above the water level can be increased by the float.
  • Buoyancy bodies which are incorporated as a body in the layer, can be incorporated within the network structure of the layers. Alternatively or additionally, cavities may be provided in the layers into which the buoyancy bodies can be installed. Such buoyancy bodies may consist of a mold which is filled, for example, with foam or air.
  • Buoyancy agents injected into the layers may be injected directly into the grain-filled layers.
  • the buoyancy bodies may preferably consist of a plastic which foams when injected and thereby forms its very low density. It can be provided that such buoyancy bodies are configured by a plurality of injection at a plurality of locations.
  • the buoyancy bodies are connected to the net and / or grid, the framework, the grains with binder and / or the grains wound on wire.
  • the layer is connected to at least one float. It can be provided that the at least one floating body is preferably surrounded together with the layer of a mesh and / or grid, the grains with binder and / or the grains wound on wire. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the at least one floating body is connected to the layer via a connecting device.
  • the at least one floating body consists of a material with a very low density.
  • the at least one floating body is selected from the group consisting of logs, foam-filled logs, filled with air or foam molds made of plastic, metal or other suitable materials.
  • a plurality of floats are connected to an expandable frame.
  • the floats may form a frame around the layer.
  • the floats can therefore offer protection against external mechanical effects in addition to improved buoyancy. It can be provided that the floats are attached to the frame of the layer.
  • connection device can be provided.
  • the connection between the framework of the layer and the floating body can be fixed or flexible.
  • the connection may consist of different materials and be configured, for example, as lacing, tapping, screwing and / or sometimes using a bearing. It can also be provided that a plurality of floating bodies together form a frame and contain a plurality of layers or frameworks.
  • the floating bodies consist essentially of one part and have a bottom consisting of a net and / or grid, wherein the at least one layer is arranged directly on the floor of the floating body.
  • the island has a plurality of layers, preferably at least two layers, in particular at least three layers, wherein the plurality of layers is arranged in layers on top of one another. It can thereby be achieved that the buoyant island can have different properties on its surface than on its underside. In particular, it can be achieved that the surface is particularly suitable for planting plants and the underside is suitable as a habitat for aquatic organisms. It may be provided that the plurality of layers is surrounded by a single framework. In one embodiment it can be provided that floating bodies are preferably connected to the uppermost layer.
  • At least one layer is connected to at least one other layer.
  • the layers can be connected to one another via a network structure and / or lattice structure, a frame framework, introduced buoyancy bodies or injected buoyancy bodies.
  • Several buoyant bodies can be incorporated into the individual layers.
  • One layer or several layers can be installed in a framework, wherein the layers can preferably not be connected to each other with only one frame framework.
  • the framework may optionally be incorporated into the mesh and / or grid structure of the layer, or the mesh and / or grid structure may be inserted into the framework.
  • the surface of the uppermost layer which is planted with young plants, executed without network or lattice structure.
  • the plurality of layers have grains with different Kom embmessem, preferably the middle Diameter of the grains of a lower layer is greater than the average grain diameter of the grains of an upper layer.
  • the nets and / or lattices of the layers can also have different mesh sizes.
  • the lowermost layer can be configured with larger grain sizes and further meshes than the overlying layers. This can be achieved that small fish and other aquatic microorganisms pass through the network and / or lattice structure. Small fish and other aquatic microbes can thus find protection against predatory fish and find a wide range of algae or plankton food in the interstices of the lowest layer under water. Thereby, a higher biodiversity, as well as an increase in the species population and a sustainable improvement of the ecosystem can be achieved.
  • the layer thicknesses of the plurality of layers are selected so that the island extends into different water depths and acts in the horizontal flow direction of the water as a filter of solids and suspended matter that are present in the water.
  • the island may be configured such that the layer or plurality of layers of mineral material extend to the bottom of the water, so that contaminated water is passed and filtered through the layer or layers of the island.
  • a bottom of the bottom layer may have a root impermeable root protection layer to anchor the To prevent plant roots in the sediments and to ensure the buoyancy of the island when the water level rises.
  • the root protection layer may for example consist of a solid or flexible plastic material.
  • the uppermost layer has a protective layer on the upper side, wherein the protective layer comprises a fleece or biodegradable foam or has a mineral material with a greater density than that of water, for example volcanic slag, round gravel and / or or grit.
  • the protective layer comprises a fleece or biodegradable foam or has a mineral material with a greater density than that of water, for example volcanic slag, round gravel and / or or grit.
  • the uppermost layer between the protective layer and the upper side of the uppermost layer comprises a filter mat, preferably a biodegradable fiber mat, for example a coconut fiber mat.
  • in the surface of the buoyant island plants are planted. This can be achieved that the island naturally integrates into the environment. In addition, this can be achieved by the fact that the layers and grains of the buoyant island are additionally held together by the plants and protected from erosion.
  • the roots of the planted plants can preferably grow in the interstices of the grains of the layer and provide a protective effect against abrasion of the mineral material. The roots can reach into the water down to the bottom of the buoyant island.
  • the planted plants are buoyant.
  • plants of the genera Canna, Carex, Cyperus, Juncus, Phragmites, or Typha are particularly suitable.
  • plants are planted, which produce by roots a sufficient buoyancy, so that the plant itself is buoyant.
  • the part of the plant located in the water generates sufficient buoyancy to keep the part of the plant on the surface above water.
  • the buoyancy of the island by the planting is not negative, preferably positively influence.
  • the island has at least one plant hole on a surface in a layer.
  • a recess which is suitable for planting and the size of the shape This can advantageously be achieved, that the buoyant island can be planted easier.
  • a network surrounding the layer openings are provided at the locations where the layer has a plant hole. In another embodiment it can be provided that a network surrounding the layer does not cover the side of the layer having the at least one plant hole.
  • a net and / or grid surrounding the layer to simulate a shape of the at least one plant hole.
  • the network is connected at the bottom of at least one plant hole with the underside of the layer having the plant hole, via a rope and / or wire.
  • a substantially cylindrical framework preferably made of wood, plastic and / or metal, is incorporated.
  • the planting of the buoyant island by spreading seeds or by planting with young plants on the surface of the uppermost layer, in particular in the Chalöchem, is achieved.
  • the roots can advantageously enclose the individual grains and thus reduce abrasion, which can occur during friction, for example in wave motions or mechanical effects between the grains.
  • abrasion can occur during friction, for example in wave motions or mechanical effects between the grains.
  • roots of neighboring plants engulf and get caught and create a flexible root system. This can be further achieved that the grains be held together and the layers naturally become more stable and flexible.
  • the plants can also be achieved advantageously that roots grow through the layers and penetrate into the water body located below the island. Further entanglement and entanglement in the water body can form a dense root system. As a result, a large surface for nutrient and pollutant degrading microorganisms can be produced, the plants can absorb pollutants directly from the water and can remove them from the water sustainably.
  • the root mesh formed in the water can serve as a filter for suspended solids, to which pollutants are often adsorbed.
  • the pollutants can be removed directly from the water by absorption into the plant roots or by microbial processes.
  • the microorganisms can live in a sticky bio film on the root surface. Suspended matter can adhere to the sticky biofilm and form clumps that sink to the bottom of the water when they become too heavy and separate from the root surface.
  • the root system also provides a habitat, shelter, breeding space and food for fish and other aquatic creatures.
  • the island has a plurality of island modules, wherein the island modules are directly or indirectly connected to each other and wherein the island modules are configured independently of each other as the above-described buoyant island.
  • the plurality of island modules are connected to one another via at least one common framework and / or at least one common floating body. It can thereby be achieved that an island consisting of a plurality of island modules in an edge region of the island and / or upstream of a flow direction of a water body can have different properties than in the center of the island and / or downstream of a flow direction of a water body.
  • layers of the plurality of island modules have grains with different Kom bemessem.
  • layers of island modules in the edge region or upstream have larger Kom bemesser than layers of island modules in the center of the island or downstream.
  • a lower layer of an island module in the edge region of the island has grains with a grain size in a range of 20 mm to 50 mm and a lower layer of an island module in the center of the island grains in a range of 1 mm to 10 mm.
  • the networks and / or grids of the layers of different island modules can also have different mesh sizes.
  • the layers in island modules can be designed in the edge region or upstream with larger grain sizes and further meshes than layers of the island modules in the center of the island or downstream. It can thereby be achieved that solids are filtered out of the water in layers in the edge region or upstream of the island.
  • small fish and other aquatic microorganisms get through the network structure. In the interstices of the submerged layers can Small fish and other aquatic microbes thus find protection against predatory fish and find a wide range of algae or plankton food. Thereby, a higher biodiversity, as well as an increase in the species population and a sustainable improvement of the ecosystem can be achieved.
  • By decreasing the grain sizes in the direction of flow finer suspended solids can be filtered out of the water.
  • layers reaching down to the waterbed are surrounded by the frame framework and / or the buoyant body. It can be provided that submerged layers of the plurality of island modules are arranged spaced from each other.
  • the invention further provides for the use of a buoyant island for improving water quality, counteracting and / or avoiding water reutilisation, as a habitat for flora and fauna, as a habitat for fish and other aquatic febletes, as green corridors for connecting habitats, as protection Bank erosion, proposed for the treatment of wastewater and / or to reduce the flow velocity of the water.
  • an above-described buoyant island is floatingly mounted in a body of water and planted.
  • floating islands are modularly connected to form different forms.
  • the buoyant island via ropes and / or chains with Anchoring devices are connected on the shore or body of water to keep the island in one position.
  • the rope and / or chain length can be chosen so that the buoyant island can adapt to changes in the water level.
  • anchoring devices components of concrete or other suitable materials with a large weight can be used.
  • the buoyant island is pole-mounted or executed on a roller guide mounted on the vertical bank.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the buoyant island in plan view.
  • Figure 2 shows a section A-A of a first embodiment with buoyancy bodies introduced as a body from Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows an isometric top layer 1 with mesh, frame and openings.
  • Figure 4 shows a section A-A of a second embodiment of Figure 1 with injected buoyancy bodies.
  • Figure 5 shows a section A-A of a third embodiment of Figure 1 with plant holes.
  • Figure 6 shows isometrically a framework of a plant hole.
  • Figure 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the buoyant island with introduced into a net floats in plan view.
  • Figure 8 shows a section B-B of the embodiment of Figure 7.
  • Figure 9 shows a fifth embodiment of the buoyant island with a one-piece float having a grid floor.
  • Figure 10 shows a section CC of the embodiment of Figure 9.
  • Figure 11 shows a fifth embodiment of the buoyant island in plan view with floats, which are connected via a connecting device with a layer.
  • Figure 12 shows a section DD of the embodiment of Figure 11.
  • Figure 13 shows a section D-D of an alternative of the fifth embodiment of Figure 11 with suspended in the floating frame frame.
  • Figure 14 shows a section D-D of a further alternative of the fifth embodiment of Figure 11 with suspended in the floats frame and deeper layers.
  • Figure 15 shows a section of another embodiment with a protective layer and filter mat.
  • Figure 16 shows a detailed view of the mineral material with a binder.
  • Figure 17 shows a detailed view of the mineral material with a wire.
  • Figure 18 shows a sixth embodiment of the buoyant island with honeycomb island modules for wastewater treatment.
  • Figure 19 shows a section E-E of the embodiment of Figure 18 with openings in the honeycomb structure.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the buoyant island in plan view.
  • the shape of the buoyant may, in a preferred embodiment, correspond to the shape shown, but may also be formed in any other shape.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section AA through the buoyant island of Figure 2.
  • the island of the embodiment shown has an upper layer 1, a middle layer 2 and a lower layer 3.
  • a layer 1,2,3 consists of grains of a mineral material 4, which is held together by a network structure 5.
  • the mesh structure 5 may be made of metal, plastic, Kunststoffgam, Naturgam or other suitable materials, wherein the mesh size of the network structure is smaller than the Kom bemesser of the mineral material 4 used.
  • the network structure 5 gives the buoyant island Flexibility to adapt to wave motion or mechanical stress.
  • Floating bodies 6 made of a material of very low density are optionally incorporated into the network structure or cavities are provided in order to install the buoyancy bodies 6 in the cavities.
  • the buoyancy bodies 6 may consist of an air- or foam-filled mold and be incorporated in one or more layers.
  • a framework 8 as shown for example in Figure 3, incorporated in the network structure.
  • the island is planted with plants on the surface of the uppermost layer 1.
  • no mesh structure is provided on the surface of layer 1.
  • the surface of the buoyant island may be covered with a layer, such as non-woven, biodegradable foam or volcanic slag, round gravel and / or grit.
  • the layer serves as protection against abrasion or wind and can be installed in different layer thicknesses.
  • Figure 3 shows isometrically the upper layer 1, in whose network structure 5 a framework 8 is incorporated or in their network structure 5 cavities for introducing the individual
  • the framework 8 is made of wood, metal or plastic.
  • the framework 8 facilitates the filling of the interior of the network structure 5 with mineral material 4 and gives the buoyant island stability.
  • the frame 8 can be added horizontally and vertically with other cross connections.
  • the components of the framework 8 are fixed or flexible with each other.
  • the layers 1, 2, 3 are connected to one another via the network structure 5 or the framework 8.
  • Several layers 1,2,3 can be surrounded by only one framework 8.
  • the mesh structure 5 is filled with mineral material 4 by using a concrete pump or similar suitable device. Round openings 9 are incorporated in the surface of the upper layer 1 in the network structure 5 to provide space for the plants 7 and to facilitate the planting. In other embodiments, optionally, no mesh structure is provided on the surface of layer 1.
  • one or more layers 1,2,3 be surrounded by a frame scaffold 8 or the framework 8 be incorporated into the network structure 5.
  • Figure 4 shows, similar to Figure 2, a section A-A through the buoyant island in Figure 1, with the difference that foam 10 is injected with a very low density as a buoyant body in the mineral material 4.
  • the foam 10 can be injected at any number of sites.
  • the foam 10 can be used to join the layers 1,2,3 together.
  • the foam 10 may optionally be injected into any mineral form in any embodiment.
  • Figure 5 shows a section A-A through the buoyant island in Figure 1 of another embodiment, but the buoyant island consists of only one layer 1.
  • plant holes are incorporated into the network structure 5.
  • a plant hole 11 is made of mesh material 5, wherein the bottom of the plant hole 11 is connected to the network structure 5 at the bottom of layer 1 with a rope or wire 12.
  • a space is incorporated on the vertical sides of the network structure 5 of the plant hole 11, which allows the installation of a cylindrical frame 13, for example, wood, plastic or metal.
  • Figure 6 shows isometrically an embodiment of such a framework 13.
  • the framework 13 as well as the rope or the wire 12 serve to counteract the buoyancy forces when using buoyant expanded mineral material 4.
  • Figure 7 shows a further embodiment of the buoyant island in plan view, are incorporated in the floating body 14 in the network structure 5.
  • Figure 8 shows a section BB through the buoyant island of Figure 7.
  • the floating bodies 14 are made of low-density material and are different Molds and dimensions executable.
  • the floats 14 can be connected to any extendable frame with each other.
  • the floats 14 provide protection against external mechanical effects.
  • the island in Figure 8 may consist of one or more layers.
  • Figure 9 shows a fifth embodiment of the buoyant island with a one-piece float 14 having a grid floor 5.
  • Figure 10 shows a section C-C of the embodiment of Figure 9.
  • the floating body 14 consists essentially of a part and has a grid floor 5.
  • In the float mineral material 4 is introduced into the plants 7 are planted.
  • Figure 11 shows another embodiment of the buoyant island in plan view.
  • Figure 12 shows a section DD through the buoyant island of Figure 11.
  • the layers 1, 2, 3 are located in a frame framework 8, which is attached to a floating body 14.
  • the floating body 14 is made of low-density material and forms a frame around layers 1, 2, 3.
  • the floating body 14 consists for example of logs, filled with foam logs, with air or foam filled molds made of plastic, metal or other suitable materials.
  • the frame of floats 14 can be made in any shape and have any number of frame structures 8.
  • the surface of layer 1 without network structure 5 is executed.
  • the frame 8 is connected to the floats 14 by one or more suitable connection devices 15.
  • the connection between frame scaffold 8 and floating body 14 may be solid or flexible.
  • the connecting device 15 may be made different Materials may be implemented as lacing, Verzapfung, screwing, sometimes using a warehouse, or in any other form.
  • Figure 13 shows a section D-D of an alternative of the fifth embodiment of Figure 11, with the difference that the frame skeleton 8 is suspended in the floating body 14.
  • the frame scaffold protrudes laterally beyond the layers of the floating island.
  • Figure 14 shows a section D-D of a further alternative of the fifth embodiment of Figure 11 with the difference that the frame skeleton 8 is suspended in the floating body 14.
  • this embodiment differs from the embodiment of Figure 13 in that the floats 14 have only a small thickness and the layers 1, 2, 3 have a greater thickness so that the buoyant island as a whole has a greater draft, e.g. to the bottom of the river.
  • Figure 15 shows a section of another embodiment with layers 1, 2, 3, floating body 14, mineral material 4 and plants 7.
  • the top layer 1 at the top in addition a protective layer 21 of mineral material with a greater density than water and between the protective layer 21 and the top of the uppermost layer 1, a filter mat 20 of coconut fiber.
  • the protective layer 21 and filter mat 20 at the top of the uppermost layer 1 may be used in the aforementioned and illustrated embodiments.
  • Figure 16 is a detail view of the mineral material 4 of another embodiment in plan and side view.
  • the mineral material 4 is not loose as shown in Figures 1-10, but the individual grains 16 of mineral material 4 are connected by a flexible and stretchable adhesive 17. The order the grains 16 of mineral material 4 and of the adhesive 17 may vary.
  • the shape and size of the grains 16 may vary from mineral material 4.
  • the layers 1,2,3 of mineral material 4 and adhesive 17 can be made in various shapes and masses and used in the embodiments mentioned above and shown.
  • the mineral material 4 and adhesive 17 instead of a network structure 5 a layer 1, 2, 3 surround.
  • a network structure 5 is optional. When using Auftriebskörpem 6 these are incorporated in layers 1, 2, 3. Plant holes 11, as shown in Figure 5, are provided in this embodiment as cylindrical cavities and require no further components.
  • FIG 17 similar to Figure 16, a detailed view of the mineral material 4 of another embodiment in plan and side view is shown.
  • Individual grains 16 of mineral material 4 are mounted on a wire 18 of metal, plastic or other material to a chain 19, so that the grains 16 can move in the horizontal direction along the wire 18 to adapt to the footprint of growing roots can ,
  • the wire 18 may be made of stretchable material to ensure the footprint of growing roots.
  • spherical spacers of organic material may be mounted on the wire 18 between the individual grains 16 to provide an initial homogeneous structure and facilitate the installation process.
  • the individual chains 19 are interconnected by any number of vertical and horizontal wires 18 in plan and side view.
  • the linked chain structure can be made in various shapes and heights and can surround the layers in the aforementioned and illustrated embodiments.
  • Mineral material can be used in different grain sizes and densities.
  • the island consists of three layers 1, 2, 3.
  • the island may consist of a layer 1 as well as of several layers.
  • the individual layers are, depending on the embodiment, via the network structure 5, a framework 8, buoyancy body 6, or sealing foam 10 connected together.
  • Several buoyant bodies 6 or fillings of sealing foam 10 may be incorporated into the individual layers.
  • a layer 1 or more layers can be installed in a framework 8, wherein the layers are preferably not interconnected with only one framework.
  • the framework 8 may optionally be incorporated into the network structure 5 of layer 1 or the network structure 5 may be inserted into the framework 8.
  • the surface of the upper layer which is planted with young plants 7, executed without network structure 5.
  • the mesh structure 5 is executable in the aforementioned and illustrated embodiments as mesh, mesh, binder composite with grains as shown in Figure 16, and linked chain structure as shown in Figure 17.
  • FIG 18 shows a sixth embodiment of the buoyant island 1.
  • the buoyant island has honeycomb island modules 22 filled with the mineral material and assembled into a buoyant honeycomb structure.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable for wastewater treatment.
  • such a buoyant island can be used in sewage treatment treatment sewage treatment plants or in horticulture so that the plant roots are easily accessible.
  • FIG 19 shows a section EE of the embodiment of Figure 18.
  • Plants 7 store water pollutants such as heavy metals predominantly in the plant roots, which can thus be easily removed.
  • the buoyant island has flow openings 23 in the honeycomb structure 22, whereby a flow through the buoyant island controlled and the available volume of the water purification system can be used optimally. As a result, complex water distribution systems can be replaced.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une île apte à flotter, ainsi que l'utilisation d'une île apte à flotter, l'île apte à flotter présentant au moins une couche (1,2,3), la couche (1,2,3) présentant des grains, les grains étant constitués sensiblement d'une matière minérale (4).
PCT/EP2019/057749 2018-03-29 2019-03-27 Île apte à flotter WO2019185733A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018002656.7A DE102018002656A1 (de) 2018-03-29 2018-03-29 Natuerliche, schwimmende Insel aus mineralischem Material
DE102018002656.7 2018-03-29

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WO2019185733A1 true WO2019185733A1 (fr) 2019-10-03

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112678963A (zh) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-20 成都工业学院 一种适用于硬质河道底面的人工浮岛及其制备方法
WO2021255253A1 (fr) * 2020-06-18 2021-12-23 Schwammberger Peter Îlot flottant

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2619305A1 (de) * 1975-04-30 1976-11-11 Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co Hydroponer behaelter und verfahren unter verwendung einer poroesen schaumstoffplatte
JP2002142583A (ja) 2000-11-13 2002-05-21 Tamai Kankyo Syst Kk 植生基盤
JP2002354951A (ja) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-10 Kazuhiko Iwabuchi 浮島として使用可能な岩石複合体
JP2003013424A (ja) 2001-06-29 2003-01-15 Tamai Kankyo Syst Kk 湖岸緑化工法
US20060243659A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2006-11-02 Fred Svirklys Floating wetland structures for use in water remediation
US20090107039A1 (en) * 2007-10-29 2009-04-30 Fountainhead L.L.C. Combination-cell foam floating island
EP2468088A1 (fr) 2004-05-24 2012-06-27 Fountainhead, Llc Île flottante perfectionnée à flottabilité réglable
WO2017200815A1 (fr) * 2016-05-17 2017-11-23 Bubbleclear Système de traitement de biorestauration aérobie comprenant un milieu inerte flottant dans un environnement aqueux

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2619305A1 (de) * 1975-04-30 1976-11-11 Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co Hydroponer behaelter und verfahren unter verwendung einer poroesen schaumstoffplatte
JP2002142583A (ja) 2000-11-13 2002-05-21 Tamai Kankyo Syst Kk 植生基盤
JP2002354951A (ja) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-10 Kazuhiko Iwabuchi 浮島として使用可能な岩石複合体
JP2003013424A (ja) 2001-06-29 2003-01-15 Tamai Kankyo Syst Kk 湖岸緑化工法
US20060243659A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2006-11-02 Fred Svirklys Floating wetland structures for use in water remediation
EP2468088A1 (fr) 2004-05-24 2012-06-27 Fountainhead, Llc Île flottante perfectionnée à flottabilité réglable
US20090107039A1 (en) * 2007-10-29 2009-04-30 Fountainhead L.L.C. Combination-cell foam floating island
WO2017200815A1 (fr) * 2016-05-17 2017-11-23 Bubbleclear Système de traitement de biorestauration aérobie comprenant un milieu inerte flottant dans un environnement aqueux

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112678963A (zh) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-20 成都工业学院 一种适用于硬质河道底面的人工浮岛及其制备方法
CN112678963B (zh) * 2019-10-18 2024-02-06 成都工业学院 一种适用于硬质河道底面的人工浮岛及其制备方法
WO2021255253A1 (fr) * 2020-06-18 2021-12-23 Schwammberger Peter Îlot flottant

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