WO2019185416A1 - Structure de répartiteur de gaz pour une pile à combustible - Google Patents

Structure de répartiteur de gaz pour une pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019185416A1
WO2019185416A1 PCT/EP2019/056935 EP2019056935W WO2019185416A1 WO 2019185416 A1 WO2019185416 A1 WO 2019185416A1 EP 2019056935 W EP2019056935 W EP 2019056935W WO 2019185416 A1 WO2019185416 A1 WO 2019185416A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
region
fuel cell
structural elements
bipolar plate
gdl
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/056935
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dieter Holz
Martin Schoepf
Arne Stephen FISCHER
Marius Winter
Michael Walther
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2019185416A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019185416A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0223—Composites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bipolar plate for a fuel cell, in particular a PEM fuel cell, or for an electrolyzer, which serves to provide a reactant to the fuel cell, according to the independent
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell with at least one corresponding bipolar plate according to the independent device claim.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a corresponding bipolar plate according to the independent
  • Fuel cells are electrochemical energy converters. In fuel cells, hydrogen H2 and oxygen 02 are converted into water H20, electrical energy and heat for energy.
  • the structure of a known fuel cell 100 * for example.
  • a PEM fuel cell is shown schematically.
  • the fuel cell 100 * comprises five components.
  • In the middle is a proton-conductive membrane 30, for example.
  • the membrane 30 is embedded between two gas diffusion layers GDL of microporous graphite paper or graphite fabric, wherein either the membrane 30 or the gas diffusion layers GDL to the
  • the gas diffusion layers GDL are in turn arranged between two bipolar plates 10 *, 20 *.
  • a stack or repeating unit of this construction forms a (fuel cell) stack.
  • the bipolar plates 10 *, 20 * serve to coarsely distribute the reaction gases or the reactants in the fuel cell 100 *.
  • the microporous gas diffusion layers GDL ultimately take over the fine distribution of the reaction gases over the membrane 30 and the removal of product water H20 from the membrane 30 in the structure of the bipolar plates 10 *, 20 *.
  • the bipolar plates 10 *, 20 * typically by embossing a channel structure in an approximately 0.1 mm thick sheet Herge provides (see Figure 1).
  • the problem here is the accumulation of water in the gas diffusion layers GDL under the webs of the bipolar plate 10 * on the
  • the invention provides a bipolar plate for a fuel cell, in particular a PEM fuel cell, or for an electrolyzer, which serves to provide a reactant to the fuel cell, having the features of the independent device claim and a fuel cell with at least one ent speaking bipolar plate with the characteristics of the sibling independent device claim before. Furthermore, the invention provides a method for producing a corresponding bipolar plate with the features of the independent method claim. Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings.
  • the present invention provides a bipolar plate for a fuel cell, in particular a PEM fuel cell, or an electrolyzer, which serves to provide a reactant to the fuel cell, comprising a first region in the form of a planar layer for separating a cathode region of an anode region of the fuel cell , and a second region for providing a manifold structure for distributing the reactant via an electrode unit, wherein the second region can be brought to rest on the electrode unit, and wherein the second region has a plurality of, in particular solid, structural elements, which are materially bonded to the first region.
  • the bipolar plate according to the invention may be advantageous on the cathode side of the fuel cell to avoid water accumulation on the membrane. Furthermore, the bipolar plate according to the invention may be advantageous on both sides, the cathode side and the anode side, of the fuel cell in order to favor the gas flow on both sides of the fuel cell.
  • a gas diffusion layer which may be formed as an open porous, fine fabric or nonwoven carbon fabric.
  • the membrane or the electrode unit can be coated with a catalyst material for the electrochemical reaction, for example platinum.
  • the bipolar plate is designed in the form of a layer (plate or foil) on which a plurality of (periodically or stochastically distributed) structural elements (for example solid (non-hollow) beads) are materially bonded, which determines the distance between the Define location and electrode unit.
  • the layer limits an area (for example a cathode area) of the chemically opposite pole area (for example, the anode area) of the fuel cell.
  • Both the position and the structure elements may preferably be formed of a conductive material.
  • the layer and the structural elements can be provided with a coating, for example a corrosion coating.
  • the structural elements Due to the design (shape and size) of the structural elements, by the number of structural elements on a surface segment of the layer almost no limits are set for the design of the manifold structure.
  • the structural elements for example the beads, with a diameter of, for example, 0.1 to 1 mm can provide a relatively flat distribution structure which at the same time reliably keeps the layer at a distance from the electrode unit. This accounts for the from the
  • the thickness of the layer can be selected between 0.01 to 0.5 mm.
  • Structural elements can be increased at the same time the free space for flow of the reactant in an advantageous manner.
  • the free space can thus well over 50%, preferably over 75%, preferably over 85% of the total
  • volumes are in the second range.
  • structural elements instead of webs, the obstacles in the flow of the reactant in the distributor level of the distributor structure are also minimized in an advantageous manner.
  • the pressure drop in the flow of the reaction gas or the reactant can be reduced and the costs, for example.
  • the individual structural elements also provide support points on the electrode unit with a reduced cross-section, whereby the risk of water retention is reduced in an advantageous manner and preferably even eliminated.
  • cohesively connected structural elements provide improved electrical contact with the layer and thus with the adjacent region of the fuel cell.
  • the electrode unit in the form of a gas diffusion layer consists of a fabric-like or fleece-like
  • Carbon material is formed.
  • Composition of the gas diffusion layer allows a fine distribution of the reactants over the active surface of the membrane.
  • the distributor structure has a plurality of periodically or stochastically distributed structural elements in the distributor plane of the reactant. Due to the periodically distributed structural elements, the gas flow can be set and predicted in a simple manner.
  • the layer is in the form of a plate or foil. Both variants are easy to manufacture. A plate is dimensionally stable and easy to handle when assembling the fuel cell. A film is flexible and can lead to cost and weight reduction.
  • such materials can be easily processed, shape and materially bond (for example, by welding, sintering, melting or the like). The production of the distributor structure can be facilitated thereby. In principle, however, comes as a material for the position and / or the structural elements of each conductive, sinterable and / or cohesively bondable material in question.
  • the structural elements in cross section a spherical shape, a polygonal shape, a triangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, a
  • Cone shape or a truncated cone Cone shape or a truncated cone.
  • a spherical shape has the smallest surface area for a given volume of a structural element and thus provides an optimized clearance for the flow of the reactant.
  • One or the other form can reduce the contact pressure on the electrode unit.
  • Different forms of structural elements may vary
  • the structural elements may be applied to the second area by means of a combustible, an etchable or washable matrix or paste and / or to be connected to the second area by means of sintering.
  • Such manufacture of the manifold structure is simple, inexpensive, and fast.
  • such a production of the manifold structure provides flexible framework in the design of the manifold structure, such as. B. height of the structural elements, distance between the structural elements, number of structural elements, their shape, etc ..
  • the invention provides a fuel cell and / or
  • Fuel cell stack in particular a PEM fuel cell, ready, on a cathode side and / or on an anode side at least one
  • Bipolar plate which, as described above, may be executed.
  • the same advantages can be achieved can be achieved, which have been described above in connection with the bipolar plate according to the invention.
  • the invention further provides a method of manufacturing a bipolar plate for a fuel cell, which serves to provide a reactant to the fuel cell, comprising a first region in the form of a planar layer for separating a cathode region from an anode region of the fuel cell, and a second region for providing a distributor structure for distributing the reactant over an electrode unit, wherein the second region adjoins the electrode unit, and wherein the second region has a plurality of, in particular solid, structural elements, which are bonded to the first region by a material fit.
  • the invention may provide that the method has at least one of the following steps:
  • the structural elements can be easily distributed over the surface of the layer.
  • the step c) can be easily distributed over the surface of the layer.
  • Structural elements are reliably bonded to the first area with a material fit.
  • the steps A9 to d) can also take place one behind the other in the order mentioned. It is also conceivable that the steps are carried out at least partially simultaneously or even completely simultaneously in order to enable series production.
  • the steps a) to d) enable a simple, fast and cost-effective production of a bipolar plate in the sense of Invention in which there are almost no limits to the design of the geometric and functional properties of the bipolar plate.
  • the invention may provide that the method is for producing a bipolar plate, which may be formed as described above.
  • FIG. 1 a shows an exemplary fuel cell according to the prior art
  • 2a is a schematic representation of a known bipolar plate in the form of an embossed sheet
  • Fig. 2b is a schematic representation of an inventive
  • Bipolar plate in the form of a layer with the structural elements distributed thereon
  • Fig. 4a is a schematic representation of a matrix with the distributed therein
  • Fig. 4b is a schematic representation of a finished distribution structure according to the invention after removal of the matrix
  • Figure 5 is a schematic representation of an inventive
  • FIG. 1 a shows a classic example of a known fuel cell 100 * which can be designed as described above.
  • the risk of water accumulation under the webs Zi of the cathode-side bipolar plate 10 * arises on the cathode side K of the fuel cell * (see FIG. 1b), as indicated in FIG.
  • the areas of the active area of the membrane 30 can thereby block.
  • the diffusion of the hydrogen ions H + through the diaphragm 30 can be hindered and the operation of the fuel cell 100 * disturbed.
  • FIGS. 2 b, 3 b, 4 a and 4 b and 5 in particular in comparison to a known bipolar plate 10 * according to FIGS. 1 a, 1 b and 2 a and 3 a.
  • the present invention provides a bipolar plate 10 for a fuel cell 100, in particular a PEM fuel cell, or an electrolyzer, which serves to provide a reactant, for example an oxygen-containing gas mixture, to the fuel cell 100, comprising a first region 11 in the form of a planar one Layer L for separating a cathode region K from an anode region A of the fuel cell 100, and a second region 12 for providing a distributor structure S for distributing the reactant over an electrode unit GDL, wherein the second region 12 can be brought to rest on the electrode unit GDL, and the second area 12 or the Distributor structure S has a plurality, in particular massive, structural elements Si, which are bonded to the first region 11 cohesively.
  • a reactant for example an oxygen-containing gas mixture
  • electrode unit GDL can in the context of the invention a
  • Gas diffusion layer can be understood, which may be formed as an open-porous, fine fabric or fleece-like carbon structure.
  • a catalyst material for the electrochemical reaction for example platinum.
  • FIG. 2a shows a conventional bipolar plate 10 * for distributing a reactant in a fuel cell 100 *, which is shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b.
  • the conventional bipolar plate 10 * is designed in the form of an embossed sheet with a plurality of webs Zi, wherein the webs Zi form the channels for spreading the reactant.
  • the bipolar plate 10 according to the invention is shown according to an embodiment of the invention, as a spacer between the flat layer L of the bipolar plate 10 and the electrode unit GDL scattered structural elements Sl, here in the form of beads having.
  • the beads can be solid. But also hollow beads are conceivable in principle within the scope of the invention.
  • the structural elements S1 can, for example, be stochastically distributed on the flat layer L of the bipolar plate 10. But also a periodic distribution of the structural elements Sl is conceivable within the scope of the invention.
  • the position L of the bipolar plate 10 may be formed in the form of a (stable) plate or a (flexible) film.
  • Bipolar plate 10 * shown in Figure 3a The actual shown in Figure 3b with inner circles
  • Bearing points of the bipolar plate 10 according to the invention on the electrode unit GDL are substantially smaller than the cross-sectional areas of the structural elements Si and much finer than the bearing surfaces of the webs Zi of the conventional bipolar plate 10 * according to FIG. 3a.
  • the problem of accumulations of water in the electrode unit GDL under the webs of the conventional embossed bipolar plate 10 * can be remedied with the aid of the invention.
  • the distribution structure S according to the invention can be reduced by the distribution structure S according to the invention, the pressure drop in the flow of the reactant along the distribution level x, y.
  • structural elements Si bonded to the layer L in a material-locking manner provide improved electrical contacting to the adjacent region, for example to the anode region A, of the fuel cell 100.
  • the structural elements Si may have different shapes in cross section, such.
  • Cone shape or a truncated cone can bring advantages in optimizing the gas flow.
  • One or the other form can reduce the contact pressure of the bipolar plate 10 on the electrode unit GDL.
  • the decisive factor is that the size or size distribution of Structural elements Si is in a relatively narrow range, for example. Between 0.1 to 1 mm. However, they are not limited to this area in principle.
  • the structural elements Si for example in the form of spherules, can be mixed with a binder or matrix material and applied in the form of a paste to the layer L, for example in the form of a base film or sheet become.
  • matrix material different materials come into question. Conceivable here are various polymers, salts or other.
  • the mechanisms that can be used are dissolution, etching away, burning away or the like.
  • the degree of filling of the structural elements Si in the matrix is variable and may, under certain circumstances, be selectively varied in order to optimize the flow properties of the resulting distributor structure S.
  • the structural elements Si can subsequently be connected to the layer, for example by sintering or fusing. Thereafter, the matrix or the paste can be removed, for example by
  • Both the layer L and the structural elements Si can preferably be formed from a conductive material. In this case, different metals and other materials that allow a later binding (eg sintering or melting) of the structural elements Si at the position L come into question.
  • the thickness of the layer L should be, for example, in the range of 0.01 to 0.5 mm, but is not limited in principle to this area.
  • the layer L and the structural elements Si can be provided with a coating, for example one
  • the bipolar plate 10 according to the invention can be advantageous on the cathode side K of a fuel cell 100
  • the bipolar plate 10 according to the invention on both sides A, K, the cathode side K and the anode side A, the fuel cell 100th may be advantageous to promote the gas flow on both sides A, K of the fuel cell 100.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une plaque bipolaire (10) pour une pile à combustible (100) qui sert à préparer un réactif au niveau de la pile à combustible (100), comportant une première zone (11) en forme de couche plane (L) destinée à séparer une zone de cathode (K) d'une zone d'anode (A) de la pile à combustible (100), et une deuxième zone (12) destinée à préparer une structure de répartiteur (S) destinée à répartir le réactif par le biais d'une unité d'électrode (GDL), la deuxième zone (12) pouvant être mise en place au niveau de l'unité d'électrode (GDL), et la deuxième zone (12) comportant plusieurs éléments de structure (Si) qui sont reliés à la première zone (11) par correspondance de matière.
PCT/EP2019/056935 2018-03-27 2019-03-20 Structure de répartiteur de gaz pour une pile à combustible WO2019185416A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018204602.6 2018-03-27
DE102018204602.6A DE102018204602A1 (de) 2018-03-27 2018-03-27 Gasverteilerstruktur für eine Brennstoffzelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019185416A1 true WO2019185416A1 (fr) 2019-10-03

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2019/056935 WO2019185416A1 (fr) 2018-03-27 2019-03-20 Structure de répartiteur de gaz pour une pile à combustible

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DE (1) DE102018204602A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019185416A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022203941A1 (de) 2022-04-22 2023-10-26 Mahle International Gmbh Bipolarelement, insbesondere Bipolarplatte, und Herstellungsverfahren

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050221150A1 (en) * 2002-02-19 2005-10-06 Stephane Revol Honeycomb structure and method for production of said structure
DE102008049608A1 (de) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Interkonnektors für Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellen, zugehörige Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle sowie damit aufgebaute Brennstoffzellenanlage
DE102017107422A1 (de) * 2016-04-06 2017-10-12 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bipolarplatte-Stromkollektor-Einheit, Bipolarplatte-Stromkollektor-Einheit und deren Verwendung
WO2018108546A2 (fr) * 2016-12-12 2018-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque bipolaire, plaque bipolaire pour pile à combustible et pile à combustible
WO2018130388A1 (fr) * 2017-01-10 2018-07-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque bipolaire, plaque bipolaire pour une pile à combustible et pile à combustible

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050221150A1 (en) * 2002-02-19 2005-10-06 Stephane Revol Honeycomb structure and method for production of said structure
DE102008049608A1 (de) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Interkonnektors für Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellen, zugehörige Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle sowie damit aufgebaute Brennstoffzellenanlage
DE102017107422A1 (de) * 2016-04-06 2017-10-12 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bipolarplatte-Stromkollektor-Einheit, Bipolarplatte-Stromkollektor-Einheit und deren Verwendung
WO2018108546A2 (fr) * 2016-12-12 2018-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque bipolaire, plaque bipolaire pour pile à combustible et pile à combustible
WO2018130388A1 (fr) * 2017-01-10 2018-07-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque bipolaire, plaque bipolaire pour une pile à combustible et pile à combustible

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