WO2019170652A1 - Structure de répartiteur de gaz pour une pile à combustible - Google Patents

Structure de répartiteur de gaz pour une pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019170652A1
WO2019170652A1 PCT/EP2019/055412 EP2019055412W WO2019170652A1 WO 2019170652 A1 WO2019170652 A1 WO 2019170652A1 EP 2019055412 W EP2019055412 W EP 2019055412W WO 2019170652 A1 WO2019170652 A1 WO 2019170652A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
distributor structure
fuel cell
gas
region
reactant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/055412
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jan Hendrik OHS
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2019170652A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019170652A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0241—Composites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas distributor structure for a fuel cell, in particular a PEM fuel cell, or an electrolyzer, which serves for providing a reactant to the fuel cell, after
  • the invention relates to a corresponding fuel cell according to the independent device claim.
  • Fuel cells are electrochemical energy converters that convert hydrogen H2 and oxygen 02 into water H20, electrical energy and heat.
  • the figure la shows schematically a structure of a known fuel cell 100 *, for example.
  • a stack or repeating unit of this construction forms a (fuel cell) stack, as shown in FIG. 1b.
  • the reactants, hydrogen H2 and oxygen 02, for example from a simple ambient air, as well as cooling liquid, for example water H20, are introduced into the fuel cell 100 * via special gas distributor structures 10 *, 20 *.
  • Known gas distributor structures 10 *, 20 * are usually either as a channel-shaped distributor structure S1 in an embossed sheet or as a porous
  • Distributor structure S2 for example. From a wire mesh, mesh, metal foam or similar structures implemented. On one side of the gas distributor structures 10 *,
  • embossed sheets flows a reactant (eg oxygen 02 of the air or hydrogen H2), on the other side flows the cooling liquid H20.
  • the gas distributor structures 10 *, 20 * in the form of embossed sheets are simple, inexpensive components.
  • a disadvantage of embossed sheets, however, is that under the webs of such a channel structure on the cathode side K of the fuel cell 100 * Can accumulate product water. This product water can block the mass transport of the reactants H2 or 02 towards a catalyst layer El on a membrane 103, whereby the performance of the fuel cell 100 * can break. The product water can do better over the porous
  • Gas distributor structures 10 *, 20 * in the form of porous distributor structures S2 are more expensive and more expensive to produce than embossed plates.
  • porous distribution structures S2 cause a strong pressure drop during embossed plates.
  • Cathode side K is necessary, which in turn requires more energy for its operation.
  • the invention provides a gas distributor structure for a fuel cell
  • the present invention provides a gas distributor structure for a fuel cell, in particular a PEM fuel cell, or an electrolyzer, which serves to provide a reactant to the fuel cell, comprising a first region having a first, in particular channel-shaped, for example embossed, distributor structure for providing the Reactants in the fuel cell, and a second region with a second, in particular porous, eg.
  • foam-like, distribution structure for forwarding the reactant in the Fuel cell, wherein viewed in the gas flow direction of the reactant, the second region is connected to the first region or is fluidly connected.
  • the term "porous" is understood to mean an open-pored, media-permeable structure.
  • the gas distributor structure according to the invention may be advantageous on the cathode side of the bipolar plate in order to avoid water accumulation on the membrane.
  • a bipolar plate On the anode side, a bipolar plate may further comprise an embossed metallic sheet. A coolant can be accommodated between the two distributor structures.
  • An idea of the invention resides in the fact that the gas distributor structure on the air side or cathode side of a fuel cell, as seen in the gas flow direction, in the front first region has a first, in particular channel-shaped,
  • Distributor structure which is formed from a low-cost embossed sheet.
  • a second, in particular porous, distribution structure is connected to the embossed sheet, which may optionally be joined to the first distribution structure.
  • the first, in particular channel-shaped, distributor structure is advantageously inexpensive and completely sufficient in the front first region on the cathode side, since the air is typically supplied completely dry to the fuel cell, and the accumulation of product water forms more in the rear second region of the gas distributor structure.
  • the somewhat more expensive second, in particular porous, distribution structure can now be provided which the
  • Catalyst layer avoids and promotes removal of product water.
  • the invention recognizes that with increasing gas flow through the fuel cell at high current density more and more product water is obtained, which can be liquid at low operating conditions (T ⁇ 100 ° C).
  • the second porous distributor structure for example in the form of an open-pore
  • metal foam, a metal-filled or a metal mesh reliably ensures that the product water can be removed with the gas flow of the reactant (for example, air).
  • the reactant for example, air
  • the invention ensures that the costs in the gas distribution structure are optimized, in particular reduced.
  • the invention again ensures that the product water safely from the
  • the first region may have an embossed sheet, through which the first distribution structure is formed.
  • Such a first distribution structure can be produced inexpensively and easily.
  • such a distribution structure ensures a reduced flow resistance in the first region of the gas distributor structure.
  • the first distributor structure is made of titanium, copper, aluminum or stainless steel. Such materials help to make a reliable electrical contact. In addition, such materials are easy to process, form and electrically bond (eg, by welding, soldering, sintering, melting or the like). The production of the first distributor structure can thereby be facilitated. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the distributor structure can be provided with a coating.
  • the first distributor structure is periodically formed.
  • the gas flow can be set and predicted in a simple manner.
  • a compressor can be controlled accordingly.
  • the second region comprises a porous material.
  • a porous material ensures
  • the pores can also be used to stir up the gas flow better, in order to better carry out the product water.
  • the second distributor structure consists of a metal foam, a Metal mesh or a metal mesh is formed.
  • a metal foam can be produced, for example, by foaming a molten metal with the aid of a propellant or by coating a placeholder structure with a metal layer with a subsequent burn-out of the placeholder structure.
  • Such second distribution structure can have a high porosity (in particular with open / permeable pores) of up to 95%.
  • the second distribution structure is formed periodically or stochastically. Due to the periodic second distribution structure, the pressure loss can be reduced. Due to the stochastic second distribution structure, a high porosity and better turbulence in the gas flow can be set for improved water removal.
  • Fuel cell connects to the second area.
  • the second porous manifold structure may be disposed at the beginning and at the end between a first manifold structure.
  • channels can be formed through the third region, through which now the condensed product water can be more easily removed from the gas distributor structure.
  • a channel-shaped third region can bring about a simplification in the connections in the fuel cell. This third region can extend not only above the active catalyst layer, but also into the
  • Edge areas and / or in the inlet areas are present.
  • the invention can provide for the first region to be 40% to 80%, in particular 50% to 60%, preferably 50% of the total length, of the reactant in the gas flow direction
  • Gas distribution structure occupies. Thus, an improved water discharge can be ensured.
  • the invention provides a fuel cell, in particular
  • Fuel cell stack ready on a cathode side
  • Gas distributor structure which, as described above, can be executed.
  • the same advantages can be achieved, which have been described above in connection with the gas distributor structure according to the invention. In the present case, full reference is made to these advantages.
  • FIG. 1 a shows an exemplary fuel cell according to the prior art
  • Fig. Lb a repeat unit or a stack with several
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an inventive
  • Gas distributor structure with a first channel-shaped distributor structure and a second porous distributor structure
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of a gas distributor structure according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of an inventive
  • FIG. 1 a shows a classic example of a known fuel cell 100 * which has a membrane electrode unit MEA which comprises a membrane 103.
  • the membrane 103 is on a cathode side K with a
  • Gas diffusion layers GDL be embedded in a porous carbon paper. Either the membrane 103 or the gas diffusion layers GDL are each coated with a catalyst layer El, E2, to which the active zone of the membrane 103 serves to trigger the electrochemical reaction. On the cathode side K is increasingly a porous manifold structure S2, for example. From a
  • a gas distribution structure 10 * used to prevent water retention.
  • On the anode side A is still a channel-shaped distributor structure Sl, for example. From an embossed sheet used.
  • porous manifold structures are costly components that also cause a relatively large pressure drop upon introduction of the reactant.
  • FIG. 1b The assembly of several known fuel cells 100 * into a stack is shown in FIG. 1b. Such assembly, however, is quite costly. The gas supply and gas removal takes place perpendicular to the plane of the figure lb.
  • FIG. 2 shows a planar position as a bipolar plate 101, which in the sense of the invention can be used in a cathode region K of a fuel cell 100.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the bipolar plate 101, on which a gas distributor structure 10 according to the invention is arranged.
  • the gas distributor structure 10 in the sense of the invention has on the air side or cathode side K in the gas flow direction x seen in the front or first region 11 a first, in particular channel-shaped, distribution structure S1.
  • This first or channel-shaped distributor structure S1 can be produced from a cost-effective embossed metal sheet and overall lead to a cost reduction in the manufacture of the gas distributor structure 10.
  • the gas distributor structure 10 has a second, in particular porous, distributor structure S2, which adjoins the first distributor structure S1, as illustrated in FIG.
  • the second or porous, in particular open-porous, distributor structure S2 ensures efficient discharge of the product water.
  • the invention recognizes that with continuous gas flow through the
  • Gas distribution structure 10 at high current density more and more product water is obtained which can be liquid at low operating conditions (T ⁇ 100 ° C).
  • the second or porous distributor structure S2 which is somewhat more expensive than the first or channel-shaped distributor structure S1, is thus used only where an accumulation of liquid product water is to be expected. With the use of a more expensive, but also filigree second distribution structure S2, the invention ensures that this danger is eradicated exactly where it exists.
  • the cost of the gas distribution structure 10 are thus optimized in an advantageous manner.
  • the first or channel-shaped distributor structure Sl ensures a reduced pressure drop when the reactant is introduced into the gas distributor structure 10.
  • costs in the design of a compressor for providing the cathode-side reactant in a fuel cell 100 can be reduced.
  • the first distributor structure S1 and the second distributor structure S2 can be electrically connected to the bipolar plate 101 by pressing, welding, soldering or sintering.
  • the distribution structures S1, S2 can also be joined one below the other.
  • the second distributor structure S2 in the sense of the invention can be formed both periodically, for example as a metal mesh, or stochastically, for example as a metal foam.
  • FIG. 3 shows the gas distributor structure 10 according to the invention in one embodiment
  • Distributor structure S1 is located. At the outlet K2 from the gas distributor structure 10 according to the invention is the second or porous distributor structure S2.
  • the gas distributor structure 10 is arranged between a bipolar plate 101 in the form of a flat plate and a membrane electrode unit MEA.
  • a third region 13 can connect to the second region 12 with a first, in particular channel-shaped, distributor structure S1 for discharging the reactant from the gas distributor structure 10.
  • a third region 13 can at the outlet K2 from the
  • FIG. 4 shows a view from above of such a gas distributor structure 10, which is attached to a flat bipolar plate 101.
  • the respective inlets El (H2), El (H20) and outlets E2 (H2), E2 (H20) for cooling water H20 and hydrogen H2 can furthermore run perpendicular to the plane of FIG.
  • Gas flow direction x of the reactant seen the first region 11 40% to 80%, in particular 50% to 60%, preferably 50% of the total length of
  • Gas distribution structure 10 can take to reduce the cost in the system. Moreover, it is within the scope of the invention conceivable that in the
  • Gas flow direction x of the reactant seen the second region 12 20% to 60%, in particular 40% to 50%, preferably 50% of the total length of
  • Gas distributor structure 10 can take to ensure improved water discharge from the fuel cell 100.
  • the gas distributor structure 10 according to the invention can be used on the cathode side K of a fuel cell 100.
  • the gas distributor structure 10 according to the invention can also be used on the anode side A of a fuel cell 100 in order to there to favor the gas flow.
  • the fuel cell 100 is not shown in detail.
  • the fuel cell 100 can be constructed similarly to the fuel cell 100 * according to FIGS. 1 a and 1 b, with the exception of the gas distributor structure 10 according to the invention, which is used instead of the known gas distributor structure 10 *.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 describes the present invention exclusively in the context of examples.
  • individual features of the embodiments, insofar as it is technically feasible, can be freely combined with one another without departing from the scope of the invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une structure de répartiteur de gaz (10) pour une pile à combustible (100) qui sert à préparer un réactif au niveau de la pile à combustible (100) et qui peut être agencée entre une plaque bipolaire (101) et une unité membrane-électrodes (MEA), comportant une première zone (11) pourvue d'une première structure de répartiteur (S1), en particulier en forme de canal, destinée à préparer le réactif dans la pile à combustible (100), et une deuxième zone (12) pourvue d'une deuxième structure de répartiteur (S2), en particulier poreuse, destinée à conduire le réactif dans la pile à combustible (100), la deuxième zone (12) se raccordant à la première zone (11) vu dans la direction d'écoulement de gaz (x) du réactif.
PCT/EP2019/055412 2018-03-07 2019-03-05 Structure de répartiteur de gaz pour une pile à combustible WO2019170652A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018203406.0 2018-03-07
DE102018203406.0A DE102018203406A1 (de) 2018-03-07 2018-03-07 Gasverteilerstruktur für eine Brennstoffzelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019170652A1 true WO2019170652A1 (fr) 2019-09-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2019/055412 WO2019170652A1 (fr) 2018-03-07 2019-03-05 Structure de répartiteur de gaz pour une pile à combustible

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DE (1) DE102018203406A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019170652A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2020443722A1 (en) * 2020-04-20 2022-10-06 Eh Group Engineering Ag Fluid guiding assembly
DE102023201477A1 (de) 2023-02-21 2024-08-22 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Elektrodenstruktur für eine Zelle eines elektrochemischen Energiewandlers, eine Zelle eines elektrochemischen Energiewandlers, sowie einen elektrochemischen Energiewandler

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10047248A1 (de) * 2000-09-23 2002-04-18 Dornier Gmbh Elektrochemischer Zellenstapel
DE102006049252A1 (de) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffzelle
DE102014206336A1 (de) * 2014-04-02 2015-10-08 Volkswagen Ag Bipolarplatte, Brennstoffzelle und ein Kraftfahrzeug
US20160260987A1 (en) * 2013-11-18 2016-09-08 University Of Yamanashi Fuel-cell separator and cell stack
DE112008002991B4 (de) * 2007-11-27 2016-12-22 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Brennstoffzelle und Gasseparataor für Brennstoffzelle

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10047248A1 (de) * 2000-09-23 2002-04-18 Dornier Gmbh Elektrochemischer Zellenstapel
DE102006049252A1 (de) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffzelle
DE112008002991B4 (de) * 2007-11-27 2016-12-22 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Brennstoffzelle und Gasseparataor für Brennstoffzelle
US20160260987A1 (en) * 2013-11-18 2016-09-08 University Of Yamanashi Fuel-cell separator and cell stack
DE102014206336A1 (de) * 2014-04-02 2015-10-08 Volkswagen Ag Bipolarplatte, Brennstoffzelle und ein Kraftfahrzeug

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