WO2019184079A1 - 一种底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机 - Google Patents

一种底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机 Download PDF

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WO2019184079A1
WO2019184079A1 PCT/CN2018/089049 CN2018089049W WO2019184079A1 WO 2019184079 A1 WO2019184079 A1 WO 2019184079A1 CN 2018089049 W CN2018089049 W CN 2018089049W WO 2019184079 A1 WO2019184079 A1 WO 2019184079A1
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valve
underflow
circulation
concentration
return port
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PCT/CN2018/089049
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴爱祥
王少勇
阮竹恩
尹升华
王洪江
王贻明
王建栋
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北京科技大学
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Priority to US16/464,297 priority Critical patent/US10864463B2/en
Publication of WO2019184079A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019184079A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
    • B01D21/2427—The feed or discharge opening located at a distant position from the side walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/01—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation using flocculating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/02—Settling tanks with single outlets for the separated liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/02—Settling tanks with single outlets for the separated liquid
    • B01D21/08—Settling tanks with single outlets for the separated liquid provided with flocculating compartments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/10—Settling tanks with multiple outlets for the separated liquids
    • B01D21/12—Settling tanks with multiple outlets for the separated liquids with moving scrapers
    • B01D21/14—Settling tanks with multiple outlets for the separated liquids with moving scrapers with rotating scrapers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/10—Settling tanks with multiple outlets for the separated liquids
    • B01D21/16—Settling tanks with multiple outlets for the separated liquids provided with flocculating compartments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
    • B01D21/2444—Discharge mechanisms for the classified liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/30—Control equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/30—Control equipment
    • B01D21/32—Density control of clear liquid or sediment, e.g. optical control ; Control of physical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2221/00—Applications of separation devices
    • B01D2221/04—Separation devices for treating liquids from earth drilling, mining

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of mine tailings disposal, in particular to a deep cone thickener with rapid under-concentration of underflow concentration.
  • Paste technology provides a safe, environmentally friendly and efficient treatment method for tailings treatment.
  • the deep cone thickener is the core of the paste technology. After the low concentration tailings slurry from the concentrator enters the deep cone thickener, the concentration of the tailings is greatly increased by the chemical action of the flocculant and the stirring shear of the truss.
  • the concentration underflow and other filling materials are prepared into a non-bleeding paste filled slurry, which is then transported by the underflow pump to the underground goaf for filling.
  • the downhole filling often cannot completely treat the tailings. There is still a part of the tailings that need to be discharged to the surface, and the conveying distance between the underground filling and the surface discharge is different from that of the filling body, so that the underground filling requires the paste slurry.
  • the paste slurry concentration is relatively low.
  • the bottom cone concentration of the deep cone thickener is high, and when the underground filling is not required to switch to the surface discharge, the underflow concentration needs to be quickly reduced. If the normal underground filling is required again, the underflow concentration needs to be increased quickly.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a deep cone thickener with rapid under-concentration of underflow concentration.
  • the thickener comprises a casing, a dilution flocculation system, a shear dewatering system, an underflow circulation system, and an automatic control system, wherein the casing comprises a dense pool wall, a cone and a collecting cylinder, the thick pool wall is located outside the thickener, and the cone is located Below the thick pool wall, the collecting cylinder is located below the cone;
  • the dilute flocculation system comprises a feeding tube, a flocculating agent adding tube and a central feeding well, wherein the central feeding well is located inside the dense pool wall, and the feeding tube is located at the center Above one side of the well, one end of the feed pipe runs through the thick pool wall and enters the center feed well.
  • the flocculant addition pipe enters the feed pipe vertically from above the feed pipe;
  • the shear dewatering system includes the drive motor, the drive shaft and The truss, wherein the driving motor is located outside the dense pool wall, the driving shaft and the truss are located inside the thick pool wall, and the driving motor is connected to the truss through the driving shaft;
  • the underflow circulation system comprises three sets of sub-circulation systems, each sub-circulation system including the discharging The valve, the underflow pump, the circulation pipe, the inlet of the underflow pump are connected to the discharge port of the collecting cylinder, and the outlet of the underflow pump passes through the high, medium and low circulation pipes respectively.
  • the high-level circulating return port of the dense pool wall, the intermediate circulating return port, and the low-level circulating return port of the cone are connected, and the high-level circulating return port, the median circulating return port, and the low-level circulating return port are respectively in the high position and the middle
  • the discharge valve is arranged on the pipeline and the low circulation pipeline;
  • the automatic control system includes a PLC control system, and the PLC control system is respectively connected with the underflow pump, the concentration meter and the discharge valve.
  • the discharge valve comprises a valve one, a valve two, a valve three, a valve four, a valve five, a valve six, a valve seven, a valve eight, a valve nine, a valve ten, a valve eleven, a valve twelve
  • the underflow pump comprises an underflow pump , the underflow pump two, the underflow pump three.
  • the number of the high-level circulation return port, the median circulation return port, the low-position circulation return port, and the discharge port are all three, and the three high-position circulating return ports are in the same cross section of the dense pool wall and mutually mutually 120°, three median circulation return ports, low circulation return ports, and discharge ports are aligned in the vertical direction with the corresponding high-level circulation return ports;
  • the center of the high-position circulation return port is located in the dense pool wall in the vertical direction Near the top 1/3
  • the center of the median circulation return port is located vertically at the bottom of the dense pool wall 1/5
  • the center of the low-level circulation return port is located vertically at the top of the cone.
  • the collection cylinder is located at a quarter of the bottom end.
  • the three-way sub-circulation system of the underflow circulation system has the same two-way structure, wherein the first routing valve 6, the underflow pump 2, the valve VII, the valve VIII, the valve IX, and the valve 10 are constituted, wherein the valve 10, the valve IX, and the valve VIII are respectively connected.
  • the second road is the same as the first road structure;
  • the third road sub-circulation system consists of a valve 1, an underflow pump, a concentration meter, a valve three, a valve four, a valve five, and a valve eleven, wherein the valve five, the valve four, the valve three Connect high circulating return port, medium circulating return port and low circulating return port respectively, valve 5, valve 4, valve 3 inlet and concentration meter outlet, valve 11 inlet connection, concentration meter, underflow pump The valve is sequentially connected to another discharge port of the collecting cylinder.
  • the underflow concentration of the thickener when the paste is filled is ⁇ 75%, and when the high concentration tailings is discharged for a long distance, the underflow concentration is 65%.
  • the method for using the deep cone thickener with rapid under-regulation of the underflow concentration comprises the following steps:
  • S1 paste filling in the underground goaf: add 20-30% of the tailings slurry of the concentration of the concentrator to the deep cone thickener through the feed pipe, add the flocculant through the flocculant addition pipe, start the drive motor, and the truss begins. Stirring, to achieve the depth of the tailings slurry thick, deep cone thickener underflow mass concentration ⁇ 75%, open the valve eleven for paste filling;
  • valve 11 Long-distance discharge of surface surface: valve 11 is closed, PLC control system automatically starts all underflow circulation subsystems, and three sets of underflow circulation subsystems perform high-level circulation. The mass concentration of deep-flow thickener underflow is quickly adjusted to 63% ⁇ 67%. At this point, the first set of underflow circulation subsystem is closed, and the valve 11 is opened to discharge the long distance of the surface. When the mud level is lowered to the middle of the dense pool wall, the high cycle is automatically switched to the middle cycle or the low cycle, when the underflow When the concentration is stable at 65%, all underflow circulation subsystems are automatically shut down;
  • S3 Paste filling again: Close the valve XI, the PLC control system starts all the underflow circulation subsystems, and the three sets of underflow circulation subsystems perform low-level circulation, and the bottom cone mass concentration of the deep cone thickener is quickly adjusted to ⁇ 75%. Close all underflow circulation subsystems and open valve eleven for downhole filling.
  • the thickener adopts three sets of sub-circulation systems, and each system includes high, medium and low circulation, which can quickly adjust the underflow concentration, which can meet the high concentration underflow of the underground empty space filling and the high concentration underflow of the surface subsidence area filling. Moreover, it is also possible to achieve fast switching adjustment between high concentration and high concentration, thereby avoiding the waste of cost by using two sets of deep cone thickeners having different underflow concentrations, shortening the time of concentration adjustment, and improving efficiency. At the same time, based on the invention, the filling of the tailings paste and the high concentration discharge of the surface are realized, which not only effectively treats the solid waste such as tailings, but also avoids the hazard of the empty area.
  • the thickener has the characteristics of high efficiency, environmental protection and practicability, and can provide efficient and reliable equipment for the paste technology, and has important use value. Suitable for mining enterprises such as metal and non-metal.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the main structure of a deep cone thickener whose underflow concentration is rapidly self-regulating according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a top plan view of the discharge port of the collecting cylinder of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a deep cone thickener with rapid under-concentration of underflow concentration.
  • the thickener comprises a casing, a dilution flocculation system, a shear dewatering system, an underflow circulation system, and an automatic control system, wherein the casing comprises a dense pool wall 1, a cone 2 and a collecting cylinder 3, and a thick pool.
  • the wall 1 is located outside the thickener, the cone 2 is located below the thick pool wall 1, and the collecting cylinder 3 is located below the cone 2;
  • the dilution flocculation system comprises a feed tube 4, a flocculant addition tube 5 and a central feed well 6, wherein the center
  • the feed well 6 is located above the inside of the dense pool wall 1
  • the feed pipe 4 is located above the center of the feed well 6, and one end of the feed pipe 4 penetrates the dense pool wall 1 and enters the center of the feed well 6, and the flocculant addition pipe 5
  • the feed pipe 4 is vertically fed from above the feed pipe 4;
  • the shear dewatering system comprises a drive motor 7, a drive shaft 8 and a truss 9, wherein the drive motor 7 is located above the outside of the thick pool wall 1, the drive shaft 8 and the truss 9 is located inside the thick pool wall 1, the drive motor 7 is connected to the truss 9 through the drive shaft 8;
  • the underflow circulation system comprises three sets of sub-circ
  • Discharge valve includes valve one 10, valve two 13, valve three 14, valve four 15, valve five 16, valve six 17, valve seven 19, valve eight 20, valve nine 21, valve ten 22, valve eleven 23, valve 12:25, the underflow pump comprises an underflow pump 11 , an underflow pump 2 18 , and an underflow pump 36 .
  • the number of high-level circulation return ports, median circulation return ports, low-level circulation return ports, and discharge ports are all three, and three high-level circulating return ports are in the dense pool wall 1
  • the high circulation return port The center of the center is located in the vertical direction of the dense pool wall 1 near the top 1/3, and the center of the center circulation return port is located vertically at the center of the dense pool wall 1 near the bottom end 1/5, the center of the low circulation return port
  • the cone 2 is located near the top 1/5
  • the center of the discharge port is located at the center of the collecting cylinder 3 near the bottom end 1/4.
  • the three-way sub-circulation system of the underflow circulation system has the same structure, wherein the first routing valve six 17, the bottom pump two 18, the valve seven 19, the valve eight 20, the valve nine 21, the valve ten 22 constitute , wherein the valve ten 22, the valve nine 21, the valve eight 20 are respectively connected to the high circulation return port, the middle circulation return port and the low circulation return port, the valve ten 22, the valve nine 21, the valve eight 20 of the inlet and the valve seven 19.
  • the underflow pump 2 18 and the valve 6 17 are sequentially connected to one discharge port of the collecting cylinder 3;
  • the second road has the same structure as the first road;
  • the third sub-circulation system is composed of a valve 10, an underflow pump 11, and a concentration meter.
  • valve three 14, valve four 15, valve five 16, valve eleven 23 composition wherein valve five 16, valve four 15, valve three 14 respectively connected to the high circulation return port, the median loop return port and the low cycle back Feed port, valve five 16, valve four 15, valve three 14 inlet and concentration meter 12 outlet, valve eleven 23 inlet connection, concentration meter 12, underflow pump one 11, valve one 10 sequentially connected to the collecting barrel 3 Another outlet.
  • the method of using the deep cone thickener with rapid under-regulation of the underflow concentration specifically includes the following steps:
  • Paste filling in the underground goaf adding the tailings slurry with a mass concentration of 20-30% of the concentrator to the deep cone thickener through the feeding tube 4, adding the flocculating agent through the flocculating agent adding tube 5, and starting the driving motor 7, The truss 9 starts to stir, and the depth of the tailing slurry is deepened.
  • the bottom cone mass concentration of the deep cone thickener is ⁇ 75%, and the valve 11-23 is opened to perform paste filling;
  • PLC control system 24 automatically starts all under-flow circulation subsystems, three sets of under-flow circulation subsystems perform high-level circulation, and the underflow mass concentration of deep cone thickener is quickly adjusted to 63%-67 %, at this time, the first set of underflow circulation subsystem is closed, and the valve 11-23 is opened to discharge the long distance of the surface.
  • the high cycle is automatically switched to the middle cycle or the low cycle.
  • the underflow concentration is stable at 65%, all underflow circulation subsystems are automatically turned off;
  • the casing of the deep cone thickener includes a dense pool wall 1, a cone 2 and a collecting cylinder 3.
  • the casing may also be a whole, without being divided into three parts;
  • the dilution flocculation system is located
  • the upper part of the casing comprises a feed pipe 4, a flocculant addition pipe 5 and a central feed well 6;
  • the shear dewatering system comprises a drive motor 7, a drive shaft 8 and a truss 9, the drive motor 7 is located at the upper part of the casing, and the drive shaft 8 And the truss 9 is located inside the casing;
  • the underflow circulation system includes a discharge valve, an underflow pump, a circulation pipe, a concentration meter 12, etc., and three sets of sub-circulation systems are evenly distributed outside the casing, and the sub-circulation system and the lower part of the collecting cylinder 3 respectively
  • the upper part of the cone 2 and the lower part of the dense pool wall 1 are connected to the middle portion;
  • the automatic control system
  • the middle side wall of the thick pool wall 1 has three high-level circulating return ports, which are uniformly distributed around the same cross-section of the thick pool wall 1; the lower side wall of the dense pool wall 1 has three median loops at the position near the bottom end.
  • the mouth is evenly distributed around the same cross section of the thick pool wall 1;
  • the upper side wall of the cone 2 has three low-level circulating return ports at the position close to the top end, and is evenly distributed around the same cross section of the cone 2;
  • On the lower side wall of the cylinder 3 three discharge ports are opened at a position close to the bottom end, and are uniformly distributed around the same cross section of the collecting cylinder 3.
  • the total height of the thickener design is 10.8 meters
  • the center of the high circulation return port is located 3 meters near the top of the thick pool wall 1
  • the center of the center circulation return port is located at the bottom of the thick pool wall 1 1.8 meters.
  • the cone 2 is located 0.2 m near the top end
  • the center of the discharge port is located 0.2 m near the bottom end of the collecting cylinder 3.
  • the circulation system comprises three sets of sub-circulation systems, and the three sets of subsystems are respectively connected with the discharge port of the collecting cylinder 3, the return port of the cone 2 and the return port of the dense pool wall 1.
  • the inlet of the underflow pump is connected to the discharge port, and the outlet of the underflow pump is connected to the high-level circulation return port, the middle circulation return port, the low-position circulation return port through the high-, medium-, and low-position circulation pipes, respectively, and the three return materials are connected.
  • the discharge valve is arranged on the mouth and the high, medium and low circulation pipelines, and the discharge valve includes the valve one 10, the valve two 13, the valve three 14, the valve four 15, the valve five 16, the valve six 17, the valve seven 19, the valve Eight 20, valve nine 21, valve ten 22, valve eleven 23, valve twelve 25,
  • the underflow pump includes an underflow pump one 11, an underflow pump two 18, an underflow pump three 26.
  • a concentration meter 12 is disposed between the outlet of the underflow pump 11 and the circulation tube of the sub-circulation system, and the inlet of the concentration meter 12 is connected to the outlet of the underflow pump 11 , and the outlet of the concentration meter 12 is connected to the circulation tube and the discharge tube.
  • a valve eleven 23 is provided on the discharge pipe.
  • the PLC control system 24 is coupled to the underflow pump, the concentration meter 12, and the discharge valve, respectively.
  • the tailings slurry with a mass concentration of about 20% in the concentrator enters the deep cone thickener center feed well 6 through the feed pipe 4, and the flocculant is added through the flocculant addition pipe 5, and the control system automatically starts the drive motor 7, ⁇ The frame 9 starts to stir, and the depth of the tailing slurry is deepened.
  • the bottom cone mass concentration of the deep cone thickener is ⁇ 75%, and the valve 1123 is automatically opened to fill the underground empty space;
  • PLC control system automatically starts all circulation systems, closes valve 11-23, all three subsystems perform high-level circulation, and the bottom cone mass concentration of deep cone thickener is quickly adjusted to 65%. Left and right, at this time, close the first set of sub-circulation system, and open the valve eleven 23 for long-distance discharge of the surface.
  • the high level cycle automatically switches to the median cycle or the low cycle, and when the underflow concentration is stable at 65%, all the circulation systems are automatically turned off;
  • valve 11-23 When the underground needs to be refilled, the valve 11-23 is closed, the PLC control system starts all the circulation systems, the three subsystems are all in the low circulation, and the bottom cone mass concentration of the deep cone thickener is quickly adjusted to more than 75%. At this time, all the circulation systems are closed. And open the valve eleven 23 to fill the underground empty area.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)

Abstract

一种底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机，该浓密机包括壳体、稀释絮凝系统、剪切脱水系统、底流循环系统、自动控制系统，其中壳体包括浓密池壁（1）、锥体（2）和集料筒（3）；稀释絮凝系统包括进料管（4）、絮凝剂添加管（5）和中心进料井（6）；剪切脱水系统包括驱动电机（7）、驱动轴（8）和耙架（9）；底流循环系统包括排料阀、底流泵、循环管、浓度计（12）；自动控制系统包括PLC控制系统（24）。

Description

一种底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机 技术领域
本发明涉及矿山尾矿处置技术领域，特别是指一种底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机。
背景技术
地下矿产资源开采过程中产生尾矿等大量固体废弃物，严重影响了矿山安全和污染了生态环境，而膏体技术为尾矿处理提供了安全、环保、高效的处理方式。深锥浓密机是膏体技术的核心，从选矿厂出来的低浓度尾矿浆进入深锥浓密机后，经过絮凝剂的化学作用和耙架的搅拌剪切作用，浓度快速大幅提高，浓密机高浓度底流与其他充填材料制备成不泌水的膏体充填料浆，再由底流泵输送至井下采空区进行充填。但是矿山实际生产中，井下充填往往不能完全处理尾砂，仍有一部分尾砂需要排放至地表，并且井下充填和地表排放的输送距离与对充填体强度要求不同，从而井下充填要求膏体料浆浓度高而地表排放时膏体料浆浓度相对较低即可。矿山正常井下充填时，深锥浓密机底流浓度高，而无需进行井下充填切换为地表排放时，需要快速把底流浓度降低，若再次需要正常井下充填时则又需要快速把底流浓度升高。因此，发明一种底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机显得尤为必要，既能满足膏体充填的需要，又可以满足高浓度尾矿长距离排放的问题，降低投资成本，提高设备的利用效率。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机。
该浓密机包括壳体、稀释絮凝系统、剪切脱水系统、底流循环系统、自动控制系统，其中壳体包括浓密池壁、锥体和集料筒，浓密池壁位于浓密机外部，锥体位于浓密池壁下方，集料筒位于锥体下方；稀释絮凝系统包括进料管、絮凝剂添加管和中心进料井，其中，中心进料井位于浓密池壁内部上方，进料管位于中心进料井一侧上方，进料管一端贯穿浓密池壁后进入中心进料井内部， 絮凝剂添加管从进料管上方竖直接入进料管；剪切脱水系统包括驱动电机、驱动轴和耙架，其中驱动电机位于浓密池壁外部上方，驱动轴与耙架位于浓密池壁内部，驱动电机通过驱动轴与耙架连接；底流循环系统包括三套子循环系统，每个子循环系统包括排料阀、底流泵、循环管，底流泵的进口与集料筒的出料口相连，底流泵的出口分别通过高位、中位、低位循环管道与浓密池壁的高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口、锥体的低位循环回料口相连，高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口、低位循环回料口分别在高位、中位、低位循环管道上均设置有排料阀；自动控制系统包括PLC控制系统，PLC控制系统分别与底流泵、浓度计、排料阀相连。
其中：
所述排料阀包括阀门一、阀门二、阀门三、阀门四、阀门五、阀门六、阀门七、阀门八、阀门九、阀门十、阀门十一、阀门十二，底流泵包括底流泵一、底流泵二、底流泵三。
高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口、低位循环回料口、出料口的数量均为三个，三个高位循环回料口在浓密池壁的同一横截面且相互之间互成120°，三个中位循环回料口、低位循环回料口、出料口在竖直方向与相应的高位循环回料口对齐；高位循环回料口的中心竖直方向上位于浓密池壁接近顶端1/3处，中位循环回料口的中心竖直方向上位于浓密池壁接近底端1/5处，低位循环回料口的中心竖直方向上位于锥体接近顶端1/5处，出料口的中心位于集料筒接近底端1/4处。
底流循环系统的三路子循环系统中有两路结构相同，其中第一路由阀门六、底流泵二、阀门七、阀门八、阀门九、阀门十构成，其中阀门十、阀门九、阀门八分别连接高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口和低位循环回料口，阀门十、阀门九、阀门八的进口与阀门七、底流泵二、阀门六顺序连接至集料筒的一个出料口；第二路与第一路结构相同；第三路子循环系统由阀门一、底流泵一、浓度计、阀门三、阀门四、阀门五、阀门十一构成，其中阀门五、阀门四、阀门三分别连接高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口和低位循环回料口，阀门五、阀门四、阀门三的进口与浓度计的出口、阀门十一的进口连接，浓度计、底流泵一、阀门一顺序连接至集料筒的另一个出料口。
浓密机在膏体充填时产生的底流浓度≥75％，高浓度尾矿长距离排放时，底流浓度为65％。
采用该底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机的方法，具体包括如下步骤：
S1：井下采空区膏体充填：将选矿厂质量浓度20-30％的尾矿浆通过进料管添加到深锥浓密机中，通过絮凝剂添加管添加絮凝剂，启动驱动电机，耙架开始搅拌，实现对尾矿浆的深度浓密，深锥浓密机底流质量浓度≥75％，打开阀门十一进行膏体充填；
S2：地表长距离排放：关闭阀门十一，PLC控制系统自动启动所有底流循环子系统，三套底流循环子系统都进行高位循环，深锥浓密机底流质量浓度快速调节至63％～67％，此时关闭第一套底流循环子系统，并打开阀门十一进行地表长距离排放，当泥层高度降低到浓密池壁中间位置时，由高位循环自动切换到中位循环或者低位循环，当底流浓度稳定在65％时，自动关闭所有底流循环子系统；
S3：再次进行膏体充填：关闭阀门十一，PLC控制系统启动所有底流循环子系统，三套底流循环子系统都进行低位循环，深锥浓密机底流质量浓度快速调节至≥75％，此时关闭所有底流循环子系统，并打开阀门十一进行井下空区充填。
本发明的上述技术方案的有益效果如下：
该浓密机采用三套子循环系统，且每套系统包括高、中、低位循环，能快速调节底流浓度，既能满足井下空区充填的高浓度底流，也能满足地表塌陷区充填的高浓度底流，并且还能实现高浓度与高浓度之间的快速切换调节，为此既避免了使用两套底流浓度不同的深锥浓密机而浪费成本，也缩短了浓度调节的时间，提高了效率。同时，基于本发明实现了尾矿井下膏体充填与地表高浓度排放，既有效地处理了尾矿等固体废弃物，又避免了空区危害。该浓密机具有高效、环保、实用性强的特点，可以为膏体技术提供高效可靠的装备，具有重要的使用价值。适用于金属非金属等矿山企业。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机的主体结构示意图；
图2为本发明的集料筒出料口俯视图。
其中：
1-浓密池壁，2-锥体，3-集料筒，4-进料管，5-絮凝剂添加管，6-中心进料井，7-驱动电机，8-驱动轴，9-耙架，10-阀门一，11-底流泵一，12-浓度计，13-阀门二，14-阀门三，15-阀门四，16-阀门五，17-阀门六，18-底流泵二，19-阀门七，20-阀门八，21-阀门九，22-阀门十，23-阀门十一，24-PLC控制系统，25-阀门十二，26-底流泵三。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
本发明提供一种底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机。
如图1所示，该浓密机包括壳体、稀释絮凝系统、剪切脱水系统、底流循环系统、自动控制系统，其中壳体包括浓密池壁1、锥体2和集料筒3，浓密池壁1位于浓密机外部，锥体2位于浓密池壁1下方，集料筒3位于锥体2下方；稀释絮凝系统包括进料管4、絮凝剂添加管5和中心进料井6，其中中心进料井6位于浓密池壁1内部上方，进料管4位于中心进料井6一侧上方，进料管4一端贯穿浓密池壁1后进入中心进料井6内部，絮凝剂添加管5从进料管4上方竖直接入进料管4；剪切脱水系统包括驱动电机7、驱动轴8和耙架9，其中驱动电机7位于浓密池壁1外部上方，驱动轴8与耙架9位于浓密池壁1内部，驱动电机7通过驱动轴8与耙架9连接；底流循环系统包括三套子循环系统，每个子循环系统包括排料阀、底流泵、循环管，底流泵的进口与集料筒3的出料口相连，底流泵的出口分别通过高位、中位、低位循环管道与浓密池壁1的高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口、锥体2的低位循环回料口相连，高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口、低位循环回料口分别在高位、中位、低位循环管道上均设置有排料阀；自动控制系统包括PLC控制系统24，PLC控制系统24分别与底流泵、浓度计12、排料阀相连。
排料阀包括阀门一10、阀门二13、阀门三14、阀门四15、阀门五16、阀门六17、阀门七19、阀门八20、阀门九21、阀门十22、阀门十一23、阀门十二25，底流泵包括底流泵一11、底流泵二18、底流泵三26。
如图1、图2所示，高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口、低位循环回料口、出料口的数量均为三个，三个高位循环回料口在浓密池壁1的同一横截面且相互之间互成120°，三个中位循环回料口、低位循环回料口、出料口在竖直方向与相应的高位循环回料口对齐；高位循环回料口的中心竖直方向上位于浓密池壁1接近顶端1/3处，中位循环回料口的中心竖直方向上位于浓密池壁1接近底端1/5处，低位循环回料口的中心竖直方向上位于锥体2接近顶端1/5处，出料口的中心位于集料筒3接近底端1/4处。
如图2所示，底流循环系统的三路子循环系统中有两路结构相同，其中第一路由阀门六17、底流泵二18、阀门七19、阀门八20、阀门九21、阀门十22构成，其中阀门十22、阀门九21、阀门八20分别连接高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口和低位循环回料口，阀门十22、阀门九21、阀门八20的进口与阀门七19、底流泵二18、阀门六17顺序连接至集料筒3的一个出料口；第二路与第一路结构相同；第三路子循环系统由阀门一10、底流泵一11、浓度计12、阀门三14、阀门四15、阀门五16、阀门十一23构成，其中阀门五16、阀门四15、阀门三14分别连接高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口和低位循环回料口，阀门五16、阀门四15、阀门三14的进口与浓度计12的出口、阀门十一23的进口连接，浓度计12、底流泵一11、阀门一10顺序连接至集料筒3的另一个出料口。
在实际应用中，采用该底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机的方法，具体包括如下步骤：
S1：井下采空区膏体充填：将选矿厂质量浓度20-30％的尾矿浆通过进料管4添加到深锥浓密机中，通过絮凝剂添加管5添加絮凝剂，启动驱动电机7，耙架9开始搅拌，实现对尾矿浆的深度浓密，深锥浓密机底流质量浓度≥75％，打开阀门十一23进行膏体充填；
S2：地表长距离排放：关闭阀门十一23，PLC控制系统24自动启动所有底流循环子系统，三套底流循环子系统都进行高位循环，深锥浓密机底流质量浓度快速调节至63％～67％，此时关闭第一套底流循环子系统，并打开阀门十一23进行地表长距离排放，当泥层高度降低到浓密池壁中间位置时，由高位循环自动切换到中位循环或者低位循环，当底流浓度稳定在65％时，自动关闭 所有底流循环子系统；
S3：再次进行膏体充填：关闭阀门十一23，PLC控制系统24启动所有底流循环子系统，三套底流循环子系统都进行低位循环，深锥浓密机底流质量浓度快速调节至75％以上，此时关闭所有底流循环子系统，并打开阀门十一23进行井下空区充填。
本发明的具体实施例如下：
如图1所示，深锥浓密机中壳体包括浓密池壁1、锥体2和集料筒3，需要指出的是壳体也可以是一个整体，不用分为三部分；稀释絮凝系统位于壳体上部，包括进料管4、絮凝剂添加管5和中心进料井6；剪切脱水系统包括驱动电机7、驱动轴8和耙架9，驱动电机7位于壳体上部，驱动轴8和耙架9位于壳体内部；底流循环系统包括排料阀、底流泵、循环管、浓度计12等，共有三套子循环系统均匀分布于壳体外部，子循环系统分别与集料筒3下部、锥体2上部、浓密池壁1的下部和中部连通；自动控制系统包括PLC控制系统24等。
浓密池壁1中部侧壁开有三个高位循环回料口，均匀分布于浓密池壁1同一横截面的四周；浓密池壁1下部侧壁在接近底端的位置处开有三个中位循环回料口，均匀分布于浓密池壁1同一横截面的四周；锥体2上部侧壁上在接近顶端的位置处开有三个低位循环回料口，均匀分布于锥体2同一横截面的四周；集料筒3下部侧壁上在接近底端的位置处开有三个出料口，均匀分布于集料筒3同一横截面的四周。
在实际设计中，浓密机设计总高度为10.8米，高位循环回料口的中心位于浓密池壁1接近顶端3米处，中位循环回料口的中心位于浓密池壁1接近底端1.8米处，低位循环回料口的中心位于锥体2接近顶端0.2米处，出料口的中心位于集料筒3接近底端0.2米处。
循环系统包括三套子循环系统，三套子系统分别与集料筒3的出料口、锥体2的回料口和浓密池壁1的回料口连通。底流泵的进口与出料口相连，底流泵的出口分别通过高位、中位、低位循环管道与高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口、低位循环回料口相连，且三个回料口与高位、中位、低位循环管道上均设置排料阀，排料阀包括阀门一10、阀门二13、阀门三14、阀门四15、阀门 五16、阀门六17、阀门七19、阀门八20、阀门九21、阀门十22、阀门十一23、阀门十二25，底流泵包括底流泵一11、底流泵二18、底流泵三26。其中一子循环系统的底流泵一11出口与循环管之间设有浓度计12，浓度计12的进口与底流泵一11的出口相连，浓度计12的出口与循环管、排料管相连，排料管上设有阀门十一23。
PLC控制系统24分别与底流泵、浓度计12和排料阀相连。
在应用过程中，选矿厂质量浓度20％左右的尾矿浆经过进料管4进入深锥浓密机中心进料井6，通过絮凝剂添加管5添加絮凝剂，控制系统自动启动驱动电机7，耙架9开始搅拌，实现对尾矿浆的深度浓密，深锥浓密机底流质量浓度≥75％，自动打开阀门十一23进行井下空区充填；
当不需要下充填时，进行尾矿长距离地表排放：PLC控制系统自动启动所有循环系统，关闭阀门十一23，三套子系统都进行高位循环，深锥浓密机底流质量浓度快速调节至65％左右，此时关闭第一套子循环系统，并打开阀门十一23进行地表长距离排放。当泥层高度降低到一定位置时，由高位循环自动切换到中位循环或者低位循环，当底流浓度稳定在65％时，自动关闭所有循环系统；
当井下需要再次充填时，关闭阀门十一23，PLC控制系统启动所有循环系统，三套子系统都进行低位循环，深锥浓密机底流质量浓度快速调节至75％以上，此时关闭所有循环系统，并打开阀门十一23进行井下空区充填。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机，其特征在于：包括壳体、稀释絮凝系统、剪切脱水系统、底流循环系统和自动控制系统，其中壳体包括浓密池壁(1)、锥体(2)和集料筒(3)，浓密池壁(1)位于浓密机外部，锥体(2)位于浓密池壁(1)下方，集料筒(3)位于锥体(2)下方；稀释絮凝系统包括进料管(4)、絮凝剂添加管(5)和中心进料井(6)，其中，中心进料井(6)位于浓密池壁(1)内部上方，进料管(4)位于中心进料井(6)一侧上方，进料管(4)一端贯穿浓密池壁(1)后进入中心进料井(6)内部，絮凝剂添加管(5)从进料管(4)上方竖直接入进料管(4)；剪切脱水系统包括驱动电机(7)、驱动轴(8)和耙架(9)，其中驱动电机(7)位于浓密池壁(1)外部上方，驱动轴(8)与耙架(9)位于浓密池壁(1)内部，驱动电机(7)通过驱动轴(8)与耙架(9)连接；底流循环系统包括三套子循环系统，每个子循环系统包括排料阀、底流泵和循环管，底流泵的进口与集料筒(3)的出料口相连，底流泵的出口分别通过高位、中位、低位循环管道与浓密池壁(1)的高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口、锥体(2)的低位循环回料口相连，高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口、低位循环回料口分别在高位、中位、低位循环管道上设置排料阀；自动控制系统包括PLC控制系统(24)，PLC控制系统(24)分别与底流泵、浓度计(12)、排料阀相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机，其特征在于：所述排料阀包括阀门一(10)、阀门二(13)、阀门三(14)、阀门四(15)、阀门五(16)、阀门六(17)、阀门七(19)、阀门八(20)、阀门九(21)、阀门十(22)、阀门十一(23)、阀门十二(25)，底流泵包括底流泵一(11)、底流泵二(18)、底流泵三(26)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机，其特征在于：所述高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口、低位循环回料口、出料口的数量均为三个，三个高位循环回料口在浓密池壁(1)的同一横截面且相互之间互成120°，三个中位循环回料口、低位循环回料口、出料口在竖直方向与相应的高位循环回料口对齐；高位循环回料口的中心竖直方向上位于浓密池壁 (1)接近顶端1/3处，中位循环回料口的中心竖直方向上位于浓密池壁(1)接近底端1/5处，低位循环回料口的中心竖直方向上位于锥体(2)接近顶端1/5处，出料口的中心位于集料筒(3)接近底端1/4处。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机，其特征在于：所述底流循环系统的三路子循环系统中有两路结构相同，其中第一路由阀门六(17)、底流泵二(18)、阀门七(19)、阀门八(20)、阀门九(21)、阀门十(22)构成，其中阀门十(22)、阀门九(21)、阀门八(20)分别连接高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口和低位循环回料口，阀门十(22)、阀门九(21)、阀门八(20)的进口与阀门七(19)、底流泵二(18)、阀门六(17)顺序连接至集料筒(3)的一个出料口；第二路与第一路结构相同；第三路子循环系统由阀门一(10)、底流泵一(11)、浓度计(12)、阀门二(13)、阀门三(14)、阀门四(15)、阀门五(16)、阀门十一(23)构成，其中阀门五(16)、阀门四(15)、阀门三(14)分别连接高位循环回料口、中位循环回料口和低位循环回料口，阀门五(16)、阀门四(15)、阀门三(14)的进口与浓度计(12)的出口、阀门十一(23)的进口连接，浓度计(12)、底流泵一(11)、阀门一(10)顺序连接至集料筒(3)的另一个出料口。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机，其特征在于：所述浓密机在膏体充填时产生的底流浓度≥75％，高浓度尾矿长距离排放时，底流浓度为65％。
  6. 采用权利要求1所述的底流浓度快速自调控的深锥浓密机的方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    S1：井下采空区膏体充填：将选矿厂质量浓度20-30％的尾矿浆通过进料管(4)添加到深锥浓密机中，通过絮凝剂添加管(5)添加絮凝剂，启动驱动电机(7)，耙架(9)开始搅拌，实现对尾矿浆的深度浓密，深锥浓密机底流质量浓度≥75％，打开阀门十一(23)进行膏体充填；
    S2：地表长距离排放：关闭阀门十一(23)，PLC控制系统(24)自动启动所有底流循环子系统，三套底流循环子系统都进行高位循环，深锥浓密机底流质量浓度快速调节至63％～67％，此时关闭第一套底流循环子系统，并打开阀门十一(23)进行地表长距离排放，当泥层高度降低到浓密池壁(1)中间 位置时，由高位循环自动切换到中位循环或者低位循环，当底流浓度稳定在65％时，自动关闭所有底流循环子系统；
    S3：再次进行膏体充填：关闭阀门十一(23)，PLC控制系统(24)启动所有底流循环子系统，三套底流循环子系统都进行低位循环，深锥浓密机底流质量浓度快速调节至75％以上，此时关闭所有底流循环子系统，并打开阀门十一(23)进行井下空区充填。
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