WO2019182382A1 - Method of inspecting glass sheet, method of manufacturing glass sheet, and glass manufacturing apparatus - Google Patents

Method of inspecting glass sheet, method of manufacturing glass sheet, and glass manufacturing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019182382A1
WO2019182382A1 PCT/KR2019/003315 KR2019003315W WO2019182382A1 WO 2019182382 A1 WO2019182382 A1 WO 2019182382A1 KR 2019003315 W KR2019003315 W KR 2019003315W WO 2019182382 A1 WO2019182382 A1 WO 2019182382A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
glass sheet
cut face
score line
depth
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2019/003315
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Taehun HAN
Original Assignee
Corning Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corning Incorporated filed Critical Corning Incorporated
Priority to CN201980028318.1A priority Critical patent/CN112105586B/zh
Priority to JP2020551402A priority patent/JP2021519251A/ja
Publication of WO2019182382A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019182382A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G49/00—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for
    • B65G49/05—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for fragile or damageable materials or articles
    • B65G49/06—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for fragile or damageable materials or articles for fragile sheets, e.g. glass
    • B65G49/063—Transporting devices for sheet glass
    • B65G49/066—Transporting devices for sheet glass being suspended; Suspending devices, e.g. clamps, supporting tongs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
    • C03B33/02—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor
    • C03B33/0215—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor the ribbon being in a substantially vertical plane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
    • C03B33/02—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor
    • C03B33/023—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor the sheet or ribbon being in a horizontal position
    • C03B33/033—Apparatus for opening score lines in glass sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
    • C03B33/02—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor
    • C03B33/023—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor the sheet or ribbon being in a horizontal position
    • C03B33/037—Controlling or regulating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a method of inspecting a glass sheet, a method of manufacturing a glass sheet, and a glass manufacturing apparatus, and more particularly, to a method of inspecting a glass sheet, a method of manufacturing a glass sheet, and a glass manufacturing apparatus with improved reliability.
  • Molten glass that overflows from a molding device is used in a commercially successful method of generating a high-quality glass sheet.
  • the molten glass forms a glass product (for example, glass ribbon) which is continuously drawn from a lower end of the molding device. This is referred to as a fusion downdraw process.
  • Separate glass sheets may be formed by cutting the glass product (for example, glass ribbon).
  • the cutting process is one of the important factors that affect the quality of the glass sheet. Therefore, various researches on the cutting process have been performed.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein include a method of inspecting glass and a method of manufacturing glass with improved reliability.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein include a glass manufacturing apparatus with improved yield.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein include a method of inspecting a glass sheet, the method including forming a score line extending in a direction parallel to a surface of a glass product (for example, glass ribbon) and having a depth in the surface of the glass product (for example, glass ribbon), forming a glass sheet by cutting the glass product (for example, glass ribbon) along the score line, generating a cut face image by photographing a cut face of the glass sheet, wherein the cut face of the glass sheet is formed when the glass product (for example, glass ribbon) is cut, and obtaining the depth of the score line and a thickness of the cut face from the cut face image.
  • the obtaining of the depth and the thickness may include recognizing, from a change in a brightness pattern of the cut face image due to the score line, a portion of the cut face image corresponding to the score line.
  • a portion of the brightness pattern corresponding to the score line may be a hatched pattern.
  • the obtaining of the depth and the thickness may include obtaining, from the cut face image, a profile of the depth and the thickness along an extending direction of the cut face.
  • the method of inspecting a glass sheet may further include calculating a ratio of the depth to the thickness after the obtaining of the depth and the thickness.
  • the method of inspecting a glass sheet may further include calculating an average and a standard deviation of the ratio.
  • the generating of the cut face image may include photographing the cut face a plurality of times along a second direction to obtaining a plurality of preliminary cut face images.
  • the generating of the cut face image may further include collecting a focused portion of each of the plurality of preliminary cut face images and generating the cut face images from the focused portions.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein also include a method of manufacturing a glass sheet, the method including forming, by using a scoring wheel, a score line having a depth in a direction perpendicular to a surface of a glass product (for example, glass ribbon) and extending in a direction parallel to the surface of the glass product (for example, glass ribbon), forming a glass sheet by cutting the glass product (for example, glass ribbon) along the score line, obtaining the depth of the score line and a thickness of a cut face of the glass sheet, wherein the cut face of the glass sheet is formed when the glass product (for example, glass ribbon) is cut, and evaluating the score line from the depth of the score line and the thickness of the cut face.
  • a scoring wheel a score line having a depth in a direction perpendicular to a surface of a glass product (for example, glass ribbon) and extending in a direction parallel to the surface of the glass product (for example, glass ribbon)
  • forming a glass sheet by cutting the glass product (for example,
  • the evaluating of the score line may include calculating a ratio of the depth to the thickness.
  • the calculating of the ratio may include obtaining a profile of the ratio along the direction parallel to the surface of the glass product (for example, glass ribbon).
  • the evaluating of the score line from the depth and the thickness may include determining whether the ratio is within a certain range.
  • the evaluating of the score line from the depth and the thickness may include obtaining an average and a standard deviation of the ratio along the direction parallel to the surface of the glass product (for example, glass ribbon).
  • the evaluating of the score line from the depth and the thickness may include determining whether each of the average and the standard deviation is within a certain range.
  • the method of manufacturing the glass sheet may further include replacing the scoring wheel or adjusting the pressure of the scoring wheel when at least one of the average and the standard deviation is not within the certain range.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein also include a glass manufacturing apparatus including a forming apparatus configured to draw a glass product (for example, glass ribbon) in a first direction, a scoring wheel configured to move in a direction parallel to a surface of the glass product (for example, glass ribbon) and form a score line on the surface, a cutting apparatus configured to apply a bending moment to the glass product (for example, glass ribbon) along the score line and form a glass sheet separated from the glass product (for example, glass ribbon), a conveyor configured to convey the glass sheet, a first light source configured to irradiate first light onto a path of the glass sheet, a first optical sensor configured to receive the first light reflected from a cut face of the glass sheet and generate a first electrical signal, wherein the cut face of the glass sheet is formed when the glass sheet is formed, and a first processor configured to control the first light source and the first optical sensor and calculate a depth of the score line and a thickness of the cut face from the first electrical signal generated by the first optical sensor.
  • the glass manufacturing apparatus may further include a second light source configured to irradiate second light different from the first light onto the path of the glass sheet, a second optical sensor configured to receive the second light reflected by the glass sheet and generate a second electrical signal, and a second processor configured to control the second light source and the second optical sensor and obtain a flatness of an entire surface of the glass sheet from the second electrical signal.
  • a second light source configured to irradiate second light different from the first light onto the path of the glass sheet
  • a second optical sensor configured to receive the second light reflected by the glass sheet and generate a second electrical signal
  • a second processor configured to control the second light source and the second optical sensor and obtain a flatness of an entire surface of the glass sheet from the second electrical signal.
  • the first light source may include a light-emitting diode.
  • the second light may be laser light.
  • the first and second processors may be separate from each other.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are conceptual views illustrating glass manufacturing apparatuses according to some embodiments
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating a glass manufacturing apparatus according to some embodiments
  • FIG. 3 is a partial front view illustrating a portion of a glass manufacturing apparatus according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a side view illustrating a portion of a glass manufacturing apparatus according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 is a front view of the portion of the glass manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a glass manufacturing apparatus according some embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of inspecting a glass sheet, according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 is an image of a cross-section of a glass sheet photographed by a method of inspecting a glass sheet, according to some embodiments.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 are graphs for illustrating a method of inspecting a glass sheet, according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a glass sheet, according to some embodiments.
  • first may indicate a second component or a second component may indicate a first component without conflicting.
  • a specific process order may be performed differently from the described order.
  • two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially at the same time or performed in an order opposite to the described order.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating glass manufacturing apparatuses 1a and 1b, respectively, according to some embodiments.
  • the glass manufacturing apparatus 1a may include a fusion downdraw stage (FDS), a sheet forming stage (SFS), a vertical cutting stage (VCS), a defect inspection stage (DIS), a shape inspection stage (SIS), a cut face measurement stage (CFMS), and a coating stage (CS).
  • FDS fusion downdraw stage
  • SFS sheet forming stage
  • VCS vertical cutting stage
  • DIS defect inspection stage
  • SIS shape inspection stage
  • CFMS cut face measurement stage
  • CS coating stage
  • the glass ribbon 42 may be conveyed to the SFS.
  • the SFS may be a stage for generating a glass sheet 46 from a portion of the glass ribbon 42.
  • a scoring process and a cutting process may be performed. The scoring and the cutting processes will be described with respect to FIGS. 2 to 4, respectively.
  • the glass sheet 46 may be conveyed to the VCS, the DIS, the SIS, the CFMS, and the coating stage CS in the stated order or a different order.
  • the glass sheet 46 may be conveyed by a conveyer.
  • the glass sheet 46 may be grasped by a robot arm or by a suction device that uses negative pressure. Each of the robot arm and the suction device may be fixed to the conveyor.
  • the glass sheet 46 may be conveyed to the VCS.
  • a portion of sides of the glass sheet 46 may be removed, which may include removing an indent that may, for example, have been formed on the glass sheet 46 by pulling rolls 44 (refer to FIG. 2).
  • the glass sheet 46 may be conveyed to the DIS.
  • defects that may be formed on a front surface of the glass sheet 46 may be identified.
  • the defects that may be formed on the glass sheet 46 may, for example, include bumps, dents, indents, dimples, bubbles, inclusions, and surface pollutants and external particulars.
  • embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.
  • the SIS may, for example, include a laser light source, a laser sensor, and a processor.
  • the processor may be configured to control operations of the laser light source and the laser sensor.
  • the processor may be a computing device such as a work station computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or a tablet computer. The processor may receive measured data of the laser sensor and may include software for inspecting a shape of the glass sheet 46.
  • the processor may be a processor configured by software or more complicated processors (a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), software, exclusive hardware, or firmware.
  • the processor may be a general purpose computer or an application specific computer such as a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
  • the processor may include software and/or an algorithm for drawing a shape of the glass sheet 46 from a measured data obtained via the laser sensor.
  • the glass sheet 46 may be conveyed to the CFMS.
  • the CFMS may inspect a cut face formed in a process of cutting the glass ribbon 42 into the glass sheet 46.
  • the CFMS will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7.
  • the glass sheet 46 may be conveyed to the CS.
  • the surfaces of the glass sheet 46 may be coated with proper material layers for protecting the glass sheet 46 against contamination or shock.
  • a glass manufacturing apparatus 1b may include a CFMS arranged between a DIS and an SIS.
  • the CFMS may be arranged at a proper arbitrary position between an SFS and a CS.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a FDS included in a glass manufacturing apparatus according to some embodiments.
  • the FDS may include a furnace 14, connection conduits 18, 24, and 26, a fining vessel 20, a stir vessel 22, a delivery vessel 28, a down comer 30, and a forming apparatus 32.
  • a batch material marked with a first arrow a1 in FIG. 2 may be supplied to the furnace 14, may be melted, and may form a molten glass 16.
  • the molten glass 16 may flow from the furnace 14 to the fining vessel 20 through the connection conduit.
  • the molten glass 16 of the fining vessel 20 may be received into the stir vessel 22 through the connection conduit 24.
  • the molten glass 16 received into the stir vessel 22 may be homogenized by stirring in the stir vessel 22.
  • the molten glass 16 sufficiently stirred in the stir vessel 22 may be received into a delivery vessel 28 through a connection conduit 26.
  • the molten glass 16 in the delivery vessel 28 may flow to the down comer 30 and may reach the forming apparatus 32 through an inlet 34.
  • the forming apparatus 32 may include a trough 36 that may receive the molten glass 16 from the inlet 34 and external convergence forming surfaces 38 that may meet in a low portion of the forming apparatus 32.
  • the external convergence forming surfaces 38 may meet a root 40 that is a lowermost end of the forming apparatus 32.
  • the molten glass 16 may be conveyed to the trough 36, may overflow in the trough 36, may separately flow, may be rejoined in the root 40, and may form the glass ribbon 42.
  • the glass ribbon 42 may be downdraw by the pulling rolls 44 and gravity from the root 40.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are a front view and a side view, respectively, illustrating an SFS that may be included in a glass manufacturing device according to some embodiments.
  • the pulling rolls 44 may be arranged in a pair to face each other.
  • the pulling rolls 44 may rotate in opposite directions. That is, the pulling rolls 44 adjacent to a first surface of the glass ribbon 42 and the pull rolls 44 adjacent to a second surface opposite the first surface may rotate in opposite directions.
  • the drawn glass ribbon 42 may pass between the pulling rolls 44 while contacting the pulling rolls 44 so that an edge of the glass ribbon 42 may be pinched by the pulling rolls 44.
  • the pulling rolls 44 may be driven by a motor.
  • the pulling rolls 44 may apply a force in a downward direction and may draw the glass ribbon 42 from the forming apparatus 32 in an arrow direction a2.
  • the pulling rolls 44 may support a weight of the glass ribbon 42 under the pulling rolls 44.
  • a travelling anvil machine 48 may form a score line 55 that crosses at least a portion of the glass ribbon 42.
  • the travelling anvil machine 48 may include a scoring wheel 58, a nosing member 56, and a separating device 92.
  • the travelling anvil machine 48 may generate a score line 55 perpendicular to edges 54 positioned to be horizontal to the glass ribbon 42.
  • the travelling anvil machine 48 may move in an arrow direction a3, which is parallel to the arrow direction a2 in order to generate the score line 55 perpendicular to the edges 54 of the glass ribbon 42 in the glass ribbon 42 continuously moving in the arrow direction a2. Therefore, in the respective scoring cycles, the travelling anvil machine 48 may move from a start position in the arrow direction a3 in synchronization with a speed of the glass ribbon 42.
  • the travelling anvil machine 48 illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 has a shaft approximately parallel to horizontal direction.
  • the travelling anvil machine 48 may include a scoring wheel connected to a driving motor combined with an inclined shaft. In this case, an angle formed by the shaft combined with the driving motor may be an angle at which speeds in the arrow direction a2 of the scoring wheel and the glass ribbon 42 are substantially 0.
  • embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.
  • a surface of the glass ribbon 42 in contact with the scoring wheel 58 is referred to as a first surface A and a surface in contact with the nosing member 56 and that is opposite to the first surface A is referred to as a second surface B.
  • the nosing member 56 may contact the second surface B.
  • the scoring wheel 58 may apply a force in a horizontal direction with respect to the first surface A of the glass ribbon 42, that is, in a direction perpendicular to the first surface A of the glass ribbon 42 so as to form the score line 55.
  • the nosing member 56 may provide a force (e.g., a normal force) opposite the force applied by the scoring wheel 58 and prevent the glass sheet 46 from warping.
  • nosing member 56 serves as an anvil against the scoring wheel 58 and presses the glass ribbon 42 during the scoring process.
  • Additional nosing members may be provided at specific positions of the first surface A and the second surface B as necessary to reduce vibration of the glass ribbon 42.
  • the glass sheet 46 may be prevented from warping due to vibration.
  • a robot 60 may be combined with an end of the glass ribbon 42 before the scoring process.
  • the robot 60 may include a robot arm 62 including a platform 64 located at a distal end and suction devices 66 combined with the edge of the side surface "B" of the glass ribbon and disposed on the platform 64.
  • the suction devices 66 may apply a suction force to the glass ribbon 42 so that the robot 60 may be fixed to a lower end of the glass ribbon 42.
  • the robot arm 62 may move in synchronization with the glass ribbon 42. Accordingly, the robot arm 62 may not move relative to the glass ribbon 42 in the arrow direction a2, like the travelling anvil machine 48.
  • the robot arm 62 may apply a bending moment to the glass ribbon 42 in a direction opposite the nosing member 56, as indicated by an arrow direction a4.
  • the score line 55 formed in the glass ribbon may propagate along a thickness direction of the glass ribbon 42 and the glass sheet 46 may be separated from the glass ribbon 42.
  • the robot 60 combined with the glass sheet 46, moves the glass ribbon 42 to a downstream station.
  • the robot 60 may deliver the glass sheet 46 to a conveyor conveying the glass sheet 46 for downstream processing (such as removal, chamfering, cleaning, coating, and various inspections of edge part of the glass sheet).
  • the robot 60 may then return to a starting position to separate another glass sheet 46 from a new lower end of the glass ribbon 42 and transport the separated glass sheet 46.
  • FIG. 5 is a side view illustrating a CFMS that may be included in a glass manufacturing apparatus according to some embodiments
  • FIG. 6 is a front view of the portion of the glass manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating the CFMS according to some embodiments.
  • the CFMS may include a light source 211, a camera 215, a processor 220, a power source 230, a display 240, an alarm 250, a guide frame 260, and guide rolls 265.
  • a conveyor 152 may move to the CFMS.
  • a conveyor robot arm 153 is connected to the conveyor 152 to fix and transport the glass sheet 46.
  • the conveyor 152 may convey the glass sheet 46 along an arrow direction a5.
  • the CFMS may be placed in a path along which glass is conveyed by the conveyor 152.
  • the CFMS may be configured such that light (indicated by alternate long and two short dashes line arrow in FIG. 6) irradiated from the light source 211 is reflected on a cut face 46CF of the glass sheet 46 and reaches the camera 215.
  • the light source 211 and the camera 215 constitute a reflective optical system, but embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.
  • an optical system configured to transmit the light emitted from the light source 211 to the optical sensor through a cut face 46CF of the glass sheet 46 may be provided.
  • the light source 211 may emit visible light. According to some embodiments, the light source 211 may not be laser light. According to some embodiments, the light source 211 may include at least one light emitting diode.
  • the camera 215 may photograph an image of the glass sheet 46.
  • the camera 215 may include an image sensor.
  • the camera 215 may include a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera.
  • the optical sensor included in the camera 215 may receive light reflected on the cut face 46CF of the glass sheet 46 and generate a corresponding electrical signal.
  • the camera 215 may photograph the glass sheet 46 multiple times in accordance with conveyance of the glass sheet 46.
  • the camera 215 may photograph the glass sheet 46 by video photographing.
  • the camera 215 may include an adjustment unit for adjusting a position and an angle of an optical system included therein.
  • a guide frame 260 and guide rolls 265 may be disposed on the light source 211 and the camera 215.
  • the guide frame 260 may include a transparent material so that light emitted from the light source 211 may reach the cut face 46CF.
  • the guide frame 260 may have a structure with a hollow central portion such that light emitted from the light source 211 may reach the cut face 46CF without passing through the guide frame 260 as a medium.
  • a plurality of guide rolls 265 may be arranged on the guide frame 260.
  • a pair of guide rolls 265 facing each other may be separately disposed in a direction perpendicular to a main surface of the glass sheet 46 (the surface corresponding to the first and second surfaces of the glass ribbon 42 described above).
  • the pair of guide rolls 265 facing each other may rotate in opposite directions. That is, the guide rolls 265 adjacent to one surface of the glass sheet 46 may rotate in a direction opposite the direction in which the guide rolls 265 located on the other surface rotate.
  • the glass sheet 46 may pass between the guide rolls 265 facing each other.
  • the glass sheet 46 may be in contact with the guide rolls 265, when the glass sheet 46 is being conveyed on the CFMS.
  • a plurality of guide rolls 265 may be arranged and aligned in the arrow direction a5. Accordingly, the glass sheet 46 may be guided so that the cut face 46CF of the glass sheet 46 moves along a path suitable for measurement of the light source 211 and the camera 215. Accordingly, focusing of the camera 215 may be improved.
  • the processor 220 may be configured to control an operation of the light source 211 and the camera 215. According to some embodiments, the processor 220 may control the light source 211 such that the light source 211 emits light when the glass sheet 46 passes between the guide rolls 265. According to some embodiments, the processor 220 may control the light source 211 to be turned off when the glass sheet 46 does not pass between the guide rolls 265, i.e., when there is no glass sheet 46 to be measured. According to some embodiments, the processor 220 may be a computing device, such as a workstation computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, and the like. The processor 220 may store software performing functions of receiving measured data from the camera 215 and adjusting inspection of the cut face 46CF.
  • the processor 220 may be a simple processor configured by software, a relatively complicate processor such as a microprocessor, a CPU, a GPU, etc., or a processor including software-dedicated hardware or firmware.
  • the processor 220 may be implemented by a general purpose computer or an application-specific computer, such as a DSP, FPGA, ASIC, or the like.
  • the processor 220 may adjust brightness of the light source 211, an ON/OFF state of the light source 211, an operation of the camera 215 to photograph or not photograph the cut face 46CF, an optical sensor of the camera 215, and the like.
  • the processor 220 may perform auto focusing and auto tracking of the camera 215. Auto tracking by the processor 220 may include, for example, three-dimensionally moving the camera 215 and adjusting a tilt angle of the optical system in the camera 215 or by an adjustment unit within the camera 215.
  • the power source 230 may provide power for an operation of the CFMS, and the display 240 may display the results of the inspection of the CFMS to a user.
  • the alarm 250 may notify the user if the inspection result for the cut face 46CF is not within a predetermined range.
  • embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto and, as described later, when the result of the test is out of the normal range, the scoring wheel 58 may be automatically replaced or pressure of the scoring wheel 58 may be automatically adjusted. In this case, the alarm 250 may be omitted.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of inspecting a glass sheet according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an image of a section of a glass sheet photographed by a method of inspecting a glass sheet according to some embodiments.
  • the score line 55 may be formed on one surface of the glass ribbon 42 in P10 in the manner described above.
  • the glass sheet 46 may be formed in P20 in the manner described above.
  • a cut face image may be generated by photographing the cut face 46CF of the glass sheet 46.
  • generating the cut face image may include forming a plurality of preliminary cut face images.
  • the plurality of preliminary cut face images may include a plurality of preliminary cut face images photographed as the glass sheet 46 is conveyed by the conveyor 152.
  • the processor 220 may combine the plurality of images to generate a cut face image.
  • the processor 220 may select focused portions of the plurality of preliminary cut face images and continuously connect them to generate an entire cut face image.
  • embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto and the processor 220 may continue a following inspection process without combining the focused images of the preliminary cut face images after sellecting them.
  • a depth D of the score line 55 formed by scoring and a thickness T of the cut face 46CF may be obtained.
  • the processor 220 may obtain the depth D of the score line 55 and the thickness of the cut face 46CF from the cut face image.
  • the processor 220 may obtain the depth of the score line 55 and the thickness of the cut face 46F at various locations in an extending direction (i.e., a transverse direction in FIG. 9) of the score line 55 and the cut face 46CF.
  • the processor 220 may obtain the depth of the score line 55 and the thickness of the cut face 46CF at a plurality of different discrete points in the extending direction of the score line 55 and the cut face 46CF. According to some embodiments, the processor 220 may continuously obtain the depth of the score line 55 and the thickness of the cut face 46CF in the extending direction of the score line 55 and the cut face 46CF.
  • the processor 220 may store an algorithm or software to determine such a difference in brightness. According to some embodiments, the processor 220 may recognize the first and third reference lines R1 and R3 as boundaries of the cut face 46CF on the image and obtain the thickness of the cut face 46CF. According to some embodiments, the processor 220 may obtain the thickness T of the cut face 46CF in a discrete and/or continuous manner.
  • a portion between the first and second reference lines R1 and R2 has a shape different from a shape of a portion between the second and third reference lines R2 and R3.
  • the portion between the first and second reference lines R1 and R2 which is a portion corresponding to the score line 55, may include a hatched pattern.
  • the hatched pattern may refer to a pattern in which a plurality of substantially parallel bright lines (and/or dark lines) oblique with respect to a boundary line are aligned.
  • the processor 220 may store an algorithm or software to recognize an image of a hatched pattern. Accordingly, the processor 220 may obtain depth D of the score line 55 in a discrete and/or continuous manner.
  • the processor 220 may obtain a ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T of the cut face 46CF.
  • the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness of the cut face 46CF may be about 9% to about 11%, but is not limited thereto.
  • the processor 220 may obtain the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T of the cut face 46CF in the extending direction of the cut face 46CF from the preliminary cut face images in P30 and/or from the cut face image obtained by collecting the focused portions of the preliminary cut face images in P30.
  • the processor 220 may obtain the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness of the cut face 46CF in a continuous and/or discrete manner in the extending direction of the cut face 46CF.
  • an effect due to distortion of an image may be corrected by obtaining the thickness of the cut face 46CF and the depth D of the score line 55 and obtaining the ratio of the thickness of the cut face 46CF and the depth of the score line 55.
  • distortion due to height deviations of the glass sheet 46 i.e., deviations in distance between the optical system including the light source and the optical sensor and the glass sheet 46
  • a light angle of the camera 215, and the like may be corrected and more accurate inspection of the glass sheet 46 may be provided.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating a method of inspecting a glass sheet according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a discrete profile of the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T of the cut face 46CF in one glass sheet obtained in P50.
  • the horizontal axis may be a position according to the extending direction of the cut face 46CF and the vertical axis may be the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T of the cut face 46CF.
  • the display 240 (see FIG. 7) may display the profile discretely illustrating the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T of the cut face 46CF so that a user may check the profile.
  • the processor 220 may obtain an average and standard deviation of the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T of the cut face 46CF in one glass sheet.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating a method of inspecting a glass sheet according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an average of the ratio of the depth of the score line 55 to the thickness of the cut face 46CF for a plurality of glass sheets.
  • the horizontal axis represents a time when the glass sheet was produced and the vertical axis represents an average of the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T of the cut face 46CF of the corresponding glass sheet.
  • the average of the thickness of the score line may be calculated by the following equation.
  • ratio avg denotes an average of the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T
  • D k denotes the depth D of the score line 55 at the kth position
  • T k denotes the thickness T of the cut face 46CF at the kth position
  • n is the total number of measurements.
  • an equation for obtaining the average of the ratio in a discrete measurement may be as follows.
  • ratio avg denotes an average of the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T
  • D avg denotes an average of the depth D of the score line 55
  • T avg denotes an average of the thickness T of the cut face 46CF
  • D k denotes the depth D of the score line 55 at the kth position
  • T k denotes the thickness T of the cut face 46CF at the kth position
  • n is the total number of measurements.
  • the average of the thickness of the score line may be calculated by the following equation.
  • ratio avg denotes an average of the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T
  • x denotes a position on the cut surface 46CF along the extending direction of the cut surface 46CF
  • x1 denotes a start point of the measurement
  • x2 denotes a end point of the measurement
  • D(x) denotes the depth D of the score line 55 at the position x
  • T(x) denotes the thickness T of the cut face 46CF at the position x.
  • an equation for obtaining the average of the ratio in a continuous measurement may be as follows.
  • ratio avg denotes an average of the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T
  • D avg denotes an average of the depth D of the score line 55
  • T avg denotes an average of the thickness T of the cut face 46CF
  • x denotes a position on the cut surface 46CF along the extending direction of the cut surface 46CF
  • x1 denotes a start point of the measurement
  • x2 denotes a end point of the measurement
  • D(x) denotes the depth D of the score line 55 at the position x
  • T(x) denotes the thickness T of the cut face 46CF at the position x.
  • a trend of the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T of the cut face 46CF may be known at low cost in real time.
  • the processor 220 may remove the corresponding data via data management. Inaccuracy of data may refer to a case in which it is not possible to obtain the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T of the cut face 46CF at more points or in greater area than an allowable range. For example, such a case may occur when a portion where all the preliminary cut face images are not focused is not within the allowable range.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a glass sheet according to some embodiments.
  • P110 and P120 may be respectively substantially the same as P10 and P20 described in FIG. 8.
  • P130 may include substantially the same processes as P30 and P40 described in FIG. 8.
  • P140 may include substantially the same processes as P50 and P60 described in FIG. 8.
  • the scoring process may be evaluated. Evaluating the scoring process may include determining whether the average and the standard deviation of the ratio of the depth D of the score line 55 to the thickness T of the cut face 46CF are within a predetermined range.
  • the scoring process may be adjusted.
  • the scoring wheel, a scoring pressure, and the like may be adjusted by an automatic feedback and/or manual method.
  • the predetermined range for example, about 9% or less
  • a pressure of the scoring process may be increased.
  • the predetermined range e.g., about 11% or more
  • the pressure of the scoring process may be reduced. If the scoring is irregular, the standard deviation of the depth D ratio of the score line 55 to the thickness T of the cut face 46CF may be equal to or greater than an allowable value. In this case, the scoring wheel may be replaced.
  • the process of forming the scoring line is an important factor in forming a high quality glass sheet. According to some embodiments, it is possible to know the depth of the scoring line for a total number of glass sheets to be produced and to quickly identify and manage a problem that could arises in the scoring process. Accordingly, embodiments disclosed herein can enable methods of manufacturing glass and methods of inspecting glass with improved reliability.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
PCT/KR2019/003315 2018-03-22 2019-03-21 Method of inspecting glass sheet, method of manufacturing glass sheet, and glass manufacturing apparatus WO2019182382A1 (en)

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CN201980028318.1A CN112105586B (zh) 2018-03-22 2019-03-21 检查玻璃片的方法、制造玻璃片的方法和玻璃制造设备
JP2020551402A JP2021519251A (ja) 2018-03-22 2019-03-21 ガラスシートを検査する方法、ガラスシートを製造する方法、およびガラス製造装置

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TWI799545B (zh) 2023-04-21
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TW201945300A (zh) 2019-12-01
CN112105586A (zh) 2020-12-18
JP2021519251A (ja) 2021-08-10

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