WO2019176658A1 - クロマトグラフィー質量分析方法およびクロマトグラフ質量分析装置 - Google Patents
クロマトグラフィー質量分析方法およびクロマトグラフ質量分析装置 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/86—Signal analysis
- G01N30/8624—Detection of slopes or peaks; baseline correction
- G01N30/8631—Peaks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/86—Signal analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/86—Signal analysis
- G01N30/8624—Detection of slopes or peaks; baseline correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/72—Mass spectrometers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/72—Mass spectrometers
- G01N30/7233—Mass spectrometers interfaced to liquid or supercritical fluid chromatograph
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
- H01J49/0431—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components for liquid samples
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a chromatography mass spectrometry method and a chromatographic mass spectrometer.
- a gas chromatograph a gas chromatograph (GC), a liquid chromatograph (LC), or the like is used to separate a target component.
- a mass spectrometer is often adopted because of sensitivity and selectivity with respect to a target component.
- a standard sample with a known concentration of the target component is measured, and a calibration curve representing the relationship between the measured value and the concentration is created.
- the concentration can be calculated by applying the measured value of the component to be quantified to the calibration curve.
- the above chromatograph is an apparatus for temporally separating a mixture, and can be connected to a mass spectrometer to obtain a graph showing a quantitative change with time of a target component, that is, a chromatogram.
- the target component is generally detected as a peak on the chromatogram, and its area and height are measured values.
- a contaminant component detected as a peak other than the target component, a noise component detected in the entire region, and the like are superimposed. Peak detection is to identify a closed region derived from the target component from among them and obtain the area and height as measured values.
- the peak area is obtained by integrating the difference between the peak signal value and the baseline signal value from the beginning to the end of the peak.
- the height it is shown that the signal value of the baseline at the same time as the vertex is subtracted from the signal value of the peak vertex.
- a vertical method, a valley-valley method, and a tangent method are described. Also disclosed is a method for obtaining a symmetry coefficient indicating the degree of symmetry of a peak.
- Patent Document 1 A method of separating overlapping peaks by paying attention to the amount of change in signal intensity is disclosed in Patent Document 1, and a method of separating them as a single peak by fitting to a Gaussian function or the like is disclosed in Patent Document 2.
- the peak peak time does not change even if the concentration of the target component is ideally different, so the basis for determining the same component is obtained as the peak time. There are many cases.
- the shape of the peak or the position of the apex changes due to the influence of the concentration of the target component, etc., if the position where the peak starts does not differ from that of the standard substance, there is a method for determining the same component by focusing on the position where the peak starts. It is described in Patent Document 3.
- values such as time obtained by peak detection in the chromatogram are also used in determining whether or not they are the same component.
- the peak shape is a normal distribution.
- the result may be significantly different.
- the detection result is generally evaluated based on the symmetry of the peak and the degree of coincidence with a model function such as a Gaussian function.
- the area and height of the peak are measured values themselves and directly affect the conversion of concentration. In the above situation, it is difficult to obtain an index for correctly detecting the area and height of the peak and correctly evaluating the reliability of the result.
- An object of the present invention is to realize a chromatographic mass spectrometry method and a chromatographic mass spectrometer capable of detecting peaks that can correspond to a wide concentration range of sample components and providing evaluation values for the results. It is.
- the present invention is configured as follows.
- a chromatograph mass spectrometer that separates target components of a sample and performs mass spectrometry, the detection time at which a sample with a known component concentration is detected and the baseline start point for the measured value of the area or height of the component concentration, The score function indicating the tendency of the end point and the peak apex is calculated, and using the calculated score function, the score value is measured for the time when the component concentration is unknown and the measured value of the area or height of the component concentration.
- a data processing unit is provided that calculates and selects a peak of the sample whose component concentration is unknown based on the calculated score value.
- a chromatographic mass spectrometry method for separating a target component of a sample and performing mass spectrometry, which is based on the detection time when a sample having a known component concentration is detected and the measured value of the area or height of the component concentration.
- a score function indicating the tendency of the start point, end point, and peak apex is calculated, and using the calculated score function, the time when the component concentration is unknown and the measured value of the area or height of the component concentration, A score value is calculated, and a peak of the sample whose component concentration is unknown is selected based on the calculated score value.
- a chromatographic mass spectrometric method and a chromatographic mass spectrometric device capable of detecting a peak that can correspond to a wide concentration range of sample components and providing an evaluation value for the result are realized. Can do.
- FIG. 3 is an operation flowchart according to the first embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram of LC-MS to which Example 1 is applied. It is a figure which shows the example which created the chromatogram in pseudo.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion indicated by a dotted line in the chromatogram shown in FIG. 3. It is a schematic diagram which shows the result of having implemented the measurement as shown in FIG. 3 several times. It is explanatory drawing of FIG. 5A. It is the graph which showed typically the relationship between time and frequency as a histogram for the example of the end point of the baseline in a specific density. It is a figure which shows the example of the model which reflects a frequency in a score.
- FIG. 10 is a processing function block diagram of Embodiment 2. It is a figure which shows an example of the setting screen of a peak detection condition. It is a figure which shows an example of the setting screen of score function creation conditions. It is a figure which shows the example of a score function parameter display.
- FIG. 21A It is a figure which shows the analysis result of the end point in a specific area range.
- FIG. 1 is an operation flowchart of the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an LC-MS to which the first embodiment is applied.
- the liquid chromatograph 201 includes a liquid feed pump 201-1 for feeding an eluent 204, a sample introduction device 201-2 for introducing a sample 209, and a column (analysis column) 201-3.
- the mass spectrometer 202 includes an ion source 202-1, a mass analyzer 202-2, and a detector 202-3.
- the data processing device (data processing unit) 203 includes a data collection program 203-1 and a data processing program 203-2, executes these programs 203-1 and 203-2, and executes a score function described later.
- the score value of the component of the sample with unknown concentration is calculated using the calculated and calculated score function, and the component peak of the sample with unknown concentration is selected based on the calculated score value.
- the data processing device 203 is connected to the display device 207 and the keyboard 208.
- the data processing device 203 includes functional blocks that execute the operations shown in FIG. That is, each processing step shown in FIG. 1 corresponds to a functional block of the data processing device 203.
- the data processing device 203 includes a component measurement unit, a peak detection unit, a score function determination unit, and a concentration that have different concentrations. An unknown component measurement unit and a peak detection result evaluation unit are provided.
- the liquid chromatograph 201 is controlled by the LC controller 205, and the mass spectrometer 202 is controlled by the MS control measure 206. Further, the LC control device 205, the MS control measure 206, and the data processing device 203 are connected to each other.
- the processing flow in the first embodiment can be broadly divided into a first half step 101 surrounded by a dotted line and a second half step 102.
- the first half step 101 includes steps 101-1 to 101-3, and is a step for obtaining peak characteristics at different concentrations.
- the latter half step 102 comprises steps 102-1 to 102-3, and is a step for analyzing a sample whose concentration is unknown.
- Step 101-1 First, a plurality of samples having different target component concentrations are measured.
- the liquid chromatograph (LC) 201 sends out the eluent 204 to the column 201-3 side by the liquid feed pump 201-1.
- a sample introduction device 201-2 installed in the middle places the sample 209 to be measured on the flow of the eluent 204.
- the column 201-3 has a generally cylindrical shape, and the components in the sample on the eluent 204 pass through the column 201-3.
- the column 201-3 is not a simple flow path, but is filled with substances selected so that the moving speeds of the target component and the contaminant component are different. That is, the mixture that has entered the column 201-3 almost simultaneously exits the column 201-3 with a time difference by the sample introduction device 201-2.
- methanol / propanol mixed solution is added to 100 ⁇ L of serum to insolubilize proteins.
- the liquid feed pump 201-1 feeds the eluent 204 obtained by mixing methanol and formic acid aqueous solution at 7: 3 at a flow rate of 300 ⁇ L / min.
- 50 ⁇ L of the pretreated sample is introduced from the sample introduction device 201-2 into the column 201-3 kept at 20 ° C.
- the column 201-3 is filled with, for example, a stainless steel tube having a length of 50 mm and an inner diameter of 2 mm and a hydrophobic substance, for example, a spherical porous silica gel having a diameter of 3 ⁇ m bonded with an octyl group (—C8H17).
- the ratio of the previous eluent 204 is maintained for 3 minutes, then changed to 9.5: 0.5 in 1 minute and then maintained for 1 minute. In the state where the solvent ratio is 7: 3, some of the contaminating components are eluted from the column 201-3, but the target component is retained in the column 201-3. When the ratio of the eluent 204 is 9.5: 0.5, the target component is also eluted from the column 201-3 and separated.
- Methanol contained in the eluent 204 is a polar substance.
- concentration is increased, a phenomenon is applied in which the substance packed in the column 201-3 weakens the ability to hold a polar target component.
- the time during which the target component is held in the column 201-3 is controlled by reproducibly controlling the state of the eluent 204, the liquid feed pump 201-1, the introduction of the sample 209, the column 201-3, and the like ( Reproducibility of elution time can be ensured.
- the mass spectrometer (MS) 202 ionizes sample components in the ion source 202-1, selects ions having a specific mass-to-charge ratio (m / z) in the mass analyzer 202-2, and detects the detector 202-3. Is a device for detecting an ion amount signal. That is, the mass spectrometer 202 can obtain a chromatogram showing the change over time in the amount of ions of a specific mass-to-charge ratio (m / z) derived from the sample components.
- Examples of the method of ionizing the components separated by the liquid chromatograph 201 with the mass spectrometer 202 include an electrospray ionization method (ESI) and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization method (APCI).
- ESI electrospray ionization method
- APCI atmospheric pressure chemical ionization method
- mass analyzers 202-2 There are several types of mass analyzers 202-2, and what is called a triple quadrupole is selected for quantitative analysis of biological samples. Usually, only ions having a specific mass-to-charge ratio are passed through the first stage quadrupole in vacuum, and ions are cleaved by collision energy with inert gas particles in the second stage. The product ion having a specific mass-to-charge ratio is allowed to pass through from the product ions formed by cleavage at.
- the separation in the liquid chromatograph 201 is not sufficient and the ionized contaminant component has the same mass-to-charge ratio as the target component, it cannot be separated in the first stage, but is derived from the target component in the third stage quadrupole.
- Product ions can be directed to detector 202-3.
- the ions that have reached the detector 202-3 are subjected to current amplification by a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or the like, and the measured electric signal is the amount of ions.
- PMT photomultiplier tube
- the data collection program 203-1 performs basic control of the LC 201 and the MS 202, and collects the signal of the ion amount output from the detector 202-3. Further, the data processing program 203-2 executes processing such as creation of a chromatogram showing a change in ion amount with time and peak detection. These processing conditions can be set by the user using the display device 207 and the keyboard 208, and the results can also be confirmed on the display device 207.
- the data collection program 203-1 needs to be synchronized with the LC controller 205 and the MS controller 206.
- ions derived from a plurality of target components are sequentially detected by switching a mass-to-charge ratio to be measured every 100 ms. Even in such a case, the data processing program 203-2 can extract the signal of the ion amount for each target component and create each chromatogram.
- the corresponding peak is detected, and analysis such as calibration curve creation and quantification is performed.
- step 101-2 is executed.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of pseudo-preparing a chromatogram.
- FIG. 4 is a dotted line of the chromatogram shown in FIG. It is an enlarged view of the part shown.
- the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the amount of ions.
- chromatograms corresponding to three measurements of a chromatogram 301 having a concentration of 1 ⁇ , a chromatogram 302 having a concentration of 10 ⁇ , and a chromatogram 303 having a concentration of 100 ⁇ are prepared, and the same The noise waveform is superimposed and overwritten.
- valleys (minimum points) that first appeared when viewed from the top of the chromatogram 301 having a concentration of 1 were used as the start point and the end point, and black circles were given together with the top points.
- a straight line connecting the start point and the end point is called a base line, and the portion above it is defined as the area of this peak.
- a perpendicular line is dropped from the vertex, and the length from the vertex to the straight line connecting the start point and the end point (corresponding to the length of the dotted line lowered from the vertex shown in FIG. 4).
- the area and height are measured values of the corresponding component.
- peak detection is the process of determining the peak apex and the start / end points of the baseline in the chromatogram and determining the area and height. Also, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, when the peak area or height increases, the start point or end point of the baseline may move outward with respect to the apex.
- step 101-3 is executed.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram showing a result of performing the measurement as shown in FIG. 3 a plurality of times
- FIG. 5B is an explanatory diagram of FIG. 5A.
- the horizontal axis shown in FIG. 5A is the detection time of the peak apex and baseline start / end points in the chromatogram.
- the vertical axis shown in FIG. 5A represents an average of peak areas corresponding to component concentrations of 1 ⁇ , 10 ⁇ , and 100 ⁇ on a log scale.
- the horizontal lines intersecting the start point, the vertex, and the end point shown in FIG. 5A indicate the time ranges in which the respective points are detected.
- the maximum time 501, the minimum time 502, and the maximum frequency For time 503, a short vertical bar was attached.
- FIG. 5A it can be seen that the start point and the end point move away from the apex as the concentration increases. This shows the tendency of the start point and the end point in FIGS.
- the maximum frequency time 503 at the start point is close to the maximum time 501 and close to the minimum time 502 at the end point.
- FIG. 6 is a graph schematically showing the relationship between time and frequency as a histogram, taking the end point of the baseline at a specific component concentration as an example.
- the time on the horizontal axis in FIG. 6 is divided into, for example, every minute, and the time frame in which the end point is detected and the number of times are indicated by a bar graph.
- the frequency on the front side (side where the time value is small (minimum time 502 side)) decreases relatively rapidly with respect to the time 503 giving the maximum frequency
- the rear side side where the time value is large (maximum time) 501 side) tends to decrease relatively gently.
- the present invention pays attention to such a tendency, and gives an evaluation value such as a probability as a score to the peak apex and the start point / end point of the baseline.
- 7A and 7B are diagrams showing examples of score functions.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating an example of a model in which the frequency is reflected in the score. From the frequency information in FIG. 6, for example, the score value of the maximum frequency time 503 is set to 100, and the maximum time 501 and the minimum time 502 shown in FIG. Since the time shown in FIG. 7A is actually observed time, the time that is actually in the range for detecting the end point is newly set as the maximum time 701 and the minimum time 702 that can be detected, and the score is 0. And Using these time and score values, a score for an arbitrary time is approximated linearly and defined as a score function.
- the score function is a function based on frequency information obtained from peak detection results derived from samples with different concentrations.
- the original data of the histogram is sorted in ascending order, the median time is the maximum frequency time 503, and the time corresponding to 1/5 of the whole is the minimum time 502.
- the time corresponding to the 4 / 5th overall is the maximum time 501, the time obtained by subtracting the difference between the first time and the minimum time 502 from the first is the minimum possible time 702, and the time of the last data
- the maximum time 701 may be applied by adding the difference of the maximum time 501 to the time of the last data.
- the peak apex only needs to characterize the peak in terms of time. For example, the time corresponding to the position of the center of gravity of the range in which the area is obtained can be substituted.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram in which a score function is defined that is 1 in the time range in which there is a possibility of the end point of the baseline, and 0 otherwise.
- the time corresponding to the peak apex often reproduces relatively in a certain range.
- the score function in the alternative method is a function determined based on the appearance probability of the valley obtained from the peak and the noise region on the chromatogram between the start point and the end point of the baseline.
- the target component gradually decreases in the vicinity of the end point, but in order for the end point or valley (minimum point) of the baseline to appear, the increase amount of the signal derived from noise must be larger than the decrease amount of the signal derived from the target component. There is. Paying attention here, the appearance probability of the end point is reflected as a score.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram showing a chromatogram 801 near the baseline end point of the peak for deriving the score function.
- a noise region 803 is set after the detected baseline end point 802. If there is no appropriate noise region, a sample in which the target component does not exist is measured, and the time during which the target component will elute in the chromatogram can be set as the noise region.
- valleys and peaks are alternately repeated.
- the average interval t between the valleys and valleys in the region 803, the maximum increment M from the valleys to the peaks, and the average value 804 of the signal are obtained.
- a model is set in which valleys and valleys have an average interval t, and the increment from the valley to the peak appears equally between 0 and the maximum increment M.
- a chromatogram 811 excluding the influence of noise as shown in FIG. 8B is created by smoothing or regression analysis of the chromatogram 801 described above.
- the accuracy of the regression curve can be improved by taking into account the condition that the target component gradually decreases toward the average value 804 of the noise region 803 near the end point 802.
- a position 812 corresponding to the maximum increment M from the valley to the peak is detected at the average interval t between the valleys in the noise region.
- the apex side from the position 812 is an area having a change larger than the maximum increment M. In this region, there is no possibility of becoming the end point of the baseline.
- the side opposite to the apex (right side of the figure) is an area where the amount of change in the chromatogram 811 gradually decreases. Since the decrease width is smaller than the maximum increment M, the end point of the baseline appears in this region.
- FIG. 8B is an explanatory diagram for calculating the score of the chromatogram near the end point of the baseline. Points were determined for each time interval t from the point at position 812, and numbers 1-7 were assigned. No. A position 812 of 1 is the origin of a region that may be the end point of the baseline.
- Point 1 is not a valley. However, no. If it is point 2, 3 is smaller than the maximum increment M. If the noise of the maximum increment M is superimposed on the next peak, No. 3 is obtained.
- the point 2 is a valley. Assuming that the increment from the valley to the peak appears equally from 0 to the maximum increment M, the probability of becoming a valley can be expressed as ((M ⁇ D) / M).
- ⁇ D means a difference (absolute value) from the next point.
- the frequency model and the non-model, and the model from which the score function is derived from the chromatogram and the noise region have been shown.
- various models other than these are available from the peak apex and the tendency of the start and end points of the baseline. Can be set.
- the appearance position of the peak on the chromatogram may vary depending on the temperature of the column 201-3, the composition of the eluent 204, and the like. If we consider the phenomenon in which the elution time fluctuates around the entire peak and the phenomenon in which the position of the baseline start point / end point changes with respect to the vertex, the difference between the peak point and the peak start point / end point time is evaluated. It is also possible to focus on. That is, the difference between the vertex time and the horizontal axis of the score function of the start point / end point may be adopted.
- the above is a method for modeling the peak tendency obtained by measurement of samples having different concentrations (the areas are different) and the temporal tendency of the start and end points of the baseline as the score function for the same target component. Note that this technique can be applied to the same sample even when the concentration is unknown.
- step 102-1 is executed.
- step 102-1 Measurement of component with unknown concentration
- step 101-1 Measurement of components with different concentrations
- step 102-2 is executed.
- Peak detection (step 102-2) The peak detection for the measurement result of the component whose concentration is unknown is basically performed by the same method as the above (2) peak detection (step 101-2).
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a peak on a chromatogram obtained by measuring a sample whose concentration is unknown, its apex, and the start point and end point of a baseline. The area of the closed portion above the base line connecting the start point and the end point obtained here is calculated, and the measured value of this peak is obtained.
- step 102-3 is executed.
- step 102-3 A method for obtaining a score value for the measurement value (area) in FIG. 9 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11. Here, the end point is described for simplicity, but the concept can be applied to the start point and the apex.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing application of the score function.
- two score functions corresponding to the area close to the measured value are selected.
- the areas are A1 and A2.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for obtaining the score value by interpolation. As shown in FIG. 11, the scores S1 and S2 can be obtained.
- the end point score is obtained from the measured value by interpolation. If there are no two score functions suitable for interpolation, the closest two are selected and extrapolated.
- FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 will be used to explain another method for obtaining the score.
- the score function 1 and the score function 2 corresponding to the measurement value close to the measurement value (area) are selected as in FIG.
- attention is focused on feature points of the score function such as maximum time, minimum time, and maximum frequency time.
- the maximum time is connected by the line segment 1201, and the maximum value of the measured value is interpolated.
- the minimum time and the maximum frequency time are indicated by a line segment 1202 and a line segment 1203.
- the score is determined from the obtained score function.
- the time to define the score function is interpolated, but if the score of the feature point is different between score functions 1 and 2, the score value is also interpolated to correspond to the measured value.
- a score function can be obtained.
- the score function is each occurrence probability, it becomes an index of the probability of the peak composed of the start point, the vertex, and the end point determined by obtaining the product.
- the appearance score function gives a value such as 0 to 100, the sum of the start point, the vertex, and the end point may be obtained.
- the minimum value of the score may be represented.
- the score is the non-model, that is, whether or not it is possible, if any one of the apex of the peak and the start point / end point of the baseline is not applicable, this is the basis for rejecting the peak detection result.
- apex score When emphasizing the determination of whether a detected peak is a target component, apex score can be adopted, and reliability of the quantitative value can be obtained from the start point and end point.
- Example 1 of the present invention it is possible to detect a peak capable of dealing with a wide concentration range of sample components, and provide a chromatographic mass spectrometry method capable of providing an evaluation value for the result.
- a chromatographic mass spectrometer can be realized.
- the configurations of the liquid chromatograph 201, the mass spectrometer 202, the data processing device 203, the LC control device 205, the MS control device 206, the display device 207, and the keyboard 208 are the same as in the first embodiment.
- Example 2 is a method and apparatus for obtaining a more optimal peak detection result by applying evaluation based on a peak detection result score. That is, this is a method and apparatus for removing complicated components from the obtained component waveform and selecting a more accurate peak detection result.
- 14A, 14B, and 14C are diagrams illustrating an example in which a plurality of peak candidates are detected.
- FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14C are all the same, but in the example shown in FIG. 14A, a perpendicular line is dropped from the valley on the right side of the apex, and the valley on the right side of the contamination component is extended from the valley on the left side.
- the starting point and the ending point are determined with the base line up to the intersection with the straight line.
- valleys and valleys on both sides of the apex are set as a start point and an end point.
- the start point and the end point are determined using the straight line from the valley on the left side of the apex to the valley on the right side of the contaminated component as the base run, as in the example shown in FIG. 14A. Furthermore, in the example shown in FIG. 14C, a tangent line is drawn with respect to the peak of the contamination component, and the start point and the end point of the baseline of the contamination component are set. Here, the area above the straight line connecting the start point and the end point is adopted, but in the case of the example shown in FIG. 14C, the area of the contamination component is subtracted.
- the area values of the examples shown in FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14C are different, and the area of the example shown in FIG. 14B ⁇ the area of the example shown in FIG. 14A ⁇ the area of the example shown in FIG. 14C Become. That is, in the above-described evaluation of the start point / vertex / end point, each score can be obtained for each area value.
- each score can be obtained for each area value.
- it is possible to determine the peak and the area composed of the most optimal start point / vertex / end point. This will be described in detail later using a display example.
- the selection of a plurality of candidates may apply a conventional algorithm. For example, a candidate that exhaustively extracts valleys and tangents appearing before and after the vertex and gives a closed surface by the baseline is selected. A way to do this is conceivable.
- FIG. 15 is a functional block diagram of processing in the second embodiment.
- the second embodiment includes a score function creation block 1501 for creating a score function and a score function application block 1502 for applying the score function.
- a score function creating block 1501 for creating a score function is designated by a chromatogram measuring unit 1501-1 having different concentrations for measuring / accumulating chromatograms having different concentrations, and a detection condition setting unit 1501-3 for setting peak detection conditions.
- the peak detector 1501-2 for detecting the peak of the chromatogram based on the determined conditions, the peak apex for the area obtained by the peak detection, and the area / start point / vertex / end point accumulator 1501-4 for accumulating the start and end points of the baseline Is provided.
- a creation condition setting unit 1501-6 for setting a score function creation condition
- a score function creating unit 1501-5 for creating a score function from a peak detection result
- a score function for storing a score function corresponding to the created area
- an accumulation unit 1501-7 for storing a score function corresponding to the created area
- the score function application block 1502 includes a chromatogram measurement unit 1502-1 with unknown concentration, a peak detection unit 1502-2, an area / start point / vertex / end point storage unit 1502-3 for accumulating peak detection results,
- the calculation unit 1502-4 includes a start point / vertex / end point score calculation unit 1502-5, a peak evaluation unit 1502-6, and a peak determination result accumulation unit 1502-7.
- the function application block 1502 evaluates the peak by calculating the score from the peak apex and the start point / end point of the baseline with respect to the area obtained by the peak detection of the unknown chromatogram, and calculating the score as the peak. Yes. Here, if there are a plurality of peak candidates, the one with the best score is selected and determined as a peak. In the peak detection in the function application block 1502, the same conditions as in the function creation block 1501 are applied.
- the process of the function creation block 1501 corresponds to the process of the first half step 101 in FIG. 1, and the process of the function application block 1502 corresponds to the second half step 102 of FIG.
- a major difference between the processing of the example shown in FIG. 1 and the processing of the blocks 1501 and 1502 shown in FIG. 15 is that a plurality of peak candidates are output as shown in FIG. 14 as the peak detection of the function application block 1502. There is a possibility. Furthermore, after obtaining scores for these candidates, the most likely one is selected as a peak corresponding to the target component.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a peak detection condition setting screen.
- This setting screen is a display screen provided in the display device 207.
- FIG. 16 an example of setting in a situation where the target component has already been selected is shown.
- a time range for detecting the peak apex and an ion amount corresponding to a noise width for identifying noise and signal are input.
- smoothing conditions are often set in peak detection, but are omitted here.
- the time range (min) is 3.5 to 4.5 minutes, and the noise width is 150.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a score function creation condition setting screen. This setting screen is also a display screen included in the display device 207.
- the example shown in FIG. 17 is an example of setting conditions for creating a score function at the end point of the baseline.
- the score function type can be selected from score, probability, and non-score, but in the illustrated example, the score is selected. Furthermore, as the condition, the score of the maximum frequency time, the minimum time, and the maximum time was set to 100/10/10.
- the score of the time with respect to the area of the score function is output (displayed).
- the non-determining can also be performed such that the minimum time / maximum time is fixed as 1 (corresponding) and the other time is fixed as 0 (non-corresponding).
- the setting screen shown in FIG. 17 does not include a time parameter, but the maximum time, the minimum time, and the maximum frequency time obtained by measuring the concentration difference are applied.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a score function parameter display example.
- the minimum time, maximum frequency time, and maximum time at the peak apex of each concentration (5, 50, 500) and the start and end points of the baseline are arranged.
- each time shown in FIG. 18 corresponds to the values of the minimum time 502, the maximum frequency time 503, and the maximum time 501 in the time of the start point, the apex, and the end point of each density in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- FIG. 19A is a diagram illustrating a screen display example of a peak detection result and an evaluation score display.
- FIG. 19A pays attention to a specific target component, and displays the peak apex, baseline start point, end point time, peak area, peak score, and start point, apex, end point score for each sample. If the peak of the contamination component is excluded as in the example of FIG. 14C, the score function for the area of the portion remaining after the exclusion is applied to the start point, vertex, and end point.
- the scores (10, 100, 10) in FIG. 17 are applied, the scores are 100, 100, and 100, respectively.
- the peak score is the starting point and the apex.
- the minimum value in the end point score was adopted.
- the start point and end point are located outside the peak as compared to A001.
- the sample ID given the vertex time 43 is A003
- the measured value close to the concentration 5 in FIG. 18 is an example, but the minimum, most frequent, and maximum ranges 38, 40, and 42 of the vertex score function are shown. The score is 0.
- FIG. 19B is a diagram illustrating a screen display example displaying detailed information of peak detection.
- a number assigned to the peak candidate and a negative value means that it is subtracted as a contamination component.
- Time, area, and score have the same meaning as in FIG. 19A.
- Type means how to draw a baseline.
- the type H is a method of connecting a line with a perpendicular from the valley as shown in FIG. 14A, connecting the line
- V is a method of connecting a line with a valley as the end as shown in FIG. 14B
- T is the method of FIG. 14C. This is a method of connecting lines by tangent lines.
- the candidate 3 excludes the peak of the contaminant component indicated by a negative value ( ⁇ 1).
- ⁇ 1 a negative value
- the score of the start point, the vertex, and the end point with respect to the area and the peak score are obtained for each. No. with the highest score here. Three candidates were taken as peak detection results.
- the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the first embodiment since complicated components can be removed, it is more optimal. Peak detection results can be obtained.
- the above-described example is an example in which the present invention is applied to peak detection at overlapping peaks.
- the idea of selecting an optimum one from a plurality of candidates is that there are a plurality of baseline start point and end point candidates in the detection of a single peak. It can also be applied in some cases. For example, if the first valley, the second valley, and the third valley located to the left of the vertex are candidates for the start point, and the end point is also obtained in the same manner, the method of drawing the base line connecting them is the start point 3 candidate, the end point There are 9 candidates with 3 candidates. If all of them give a closed area and are valid as a peak, the optimal one can be selected by evaluating the values of the nine scores.
- Example 3 a sample measurement with an unknown concentration will be described as Example 3 with reference to FIGS. 20, 21A, 21B, and 22.
- the configurations of the liquid chromatograph 201, the mass spectrometer 202, the data processing device 203, the LC control device 205, the MS control device 206, the display device 207, and the keyboard 208 are the same as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a detection result analysis and detection result evaluation process flow in the third embodiment.
- the tendency of peak detection results is analyzed from a plurality of sample measurements in the first half part (step 2001) surrounded by a dotted line, and the tendency obtained previously in the second half part (step 2002) is analyzed.
- the peak detection results for one or more sample measurements are evaluated.
- sample measurement First, a plurality of samples containing the target component are measured. About the apparatus to utilize, the liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer shown in FIG. 2 is employable. Here, the concentration of the target component in the sample to be measured may be unknown. However, the number of samples is sufficient for later analysis.
- Peak detection As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the peak apex and the start and end points of the baseline are obtained as peak detection. In consideration of the subsequent analysis and evaluation processes, it is desirable that the data processing device 203 determines that the detection is correctly performed and confirms the result by displaying the graph on the display device 207 or the like.
- Step 2001-3 In the analysis step 2001-3, a sample whose concentration is unknown is assumed, and information corresponding to the maximum time 501, the minimum time 502, and the maximum frequency time 503 shown in FIG. 5A is obtained. An example of a method for obtaining this information will be described below with reference to FIGS. 21A, 21B, and 22.
- FIG. 21A and 21B schematically show the results of analyzing the trends of peak vertices and baseline start and end points obtained by peak detection.
- the horizontal axis indicates the time of the peak apex and the start / end points of the baseline in the chromatogram.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 21A indicates the peak area.
- a horizontal bar also shown as a legend in FIG. 21B indicates a time range in which each point is detected, and basically corresponds to the maximum time 501, the minimum time 502, and the maximum frequency time 503 shown in FIG. 5B. To do.
- Example 1 the value is obtained from the peak of the target component derived from the sample having the same concentration.
- Example 3 as shown in FIG.
- the maximum / minimum / maximum frequency is obtained from the area and time of each point.
- the median value in which the points are arranged so that the time values are in ascending order may be adopted.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the analysis result of the end point in a specific area range.
- the result of the end point time and area obtained by peak detection is represented by a square mark.
- the maximum point 2201 and the minimum point 2202 in the time axis direction correspond to the maximum 501 and the minimum 502 of the time range.
- the time of the point 2203 that is the median is adopted as the point corresponding to the maximum frequency time 503.
- the maximum, minimum, and maximum frequency times are obtained in a certain area section 2104, and for example, the average values of these areas are associated with each other. Focusing on the end point, when a plurality of such area sections are set and a plurality of points obtained by the time of the area and the maximum frequency are connected, a line 2103 indicating the tendency of the end point shown in FIG. 21A can be obtained. Similarly, a line 2101 indicating the tendency of the vertex and a line 2102 indicating the tendency of the start point are obtained.
- a method of obtaining the lines 2101, 2102, and 2103 indicating the tendency of the vertex, start point, and end point For example, there are a method of extracting the area and time obtained by peak detection to obtain a scatter diagram and obtaining a trend by regression analysis, and a method of obtaining a contour map from the density of each point in the scatter diagram.
- step 2002-1 The sample measurement in step 2002 in the latter half of FIG. 20 is performed under the same conditions as the sample measurement in step 2001 in the first half. Although it is possible to carry out under other conditions, it is desirable to carry out under the same conditions as the sample measurement of TEP 2001.
- Peak detection (step 2002-2) The peak detection is basically performed by the same method as the peak detection in step 2001-2.
- step 2002-3 As a method for evaluating the peak detection result in the third embodiment, the method of step 102-3 shown in the first embodiment can be employed.
- a score function that gives a penalty as the distance increases is adopted by using the distances to the lines 2101, 2102, and 2103 indicating the tendency of the vertex, start point, and end point obtained in the analysis step 2001-3 of (3). You can also.
- the peak detection method for selecting the one having the best score value from the plurality of candidates described in the second embodiment may be applied.
- a score obtained from the tendency of the peak apex, baseline start point, and end point is given to the area and height measurement values obtained by peak detection. For example, when the evaluation value at the start point of the baseline is low, it indicates that the peak shape has changed due to the influence of a contaminant component. Since the measured value is converted into a concentration using a calibration curve, a situation where the score at the starting point is lower than the concentration value of the target component can be displayed as a warning.
- the evaluation values of the peak apexes and baseline start and end points provided by the present invention may be an index indicating the replacement timing of columns and eluents in the chromatograph.
- an application such as replacing the column with a new column after obtaining an indication that the apex, start point, or end time is advanced due to deterioration of the column or the like can be considered.
- the tendency of peak apexes and baseline start / end points is obtained and applied to peak detection. Improvement can be expected.
- the basis of the present invention is to give an evaluation value to the detected peak apex and the start / end points of the baseline.
- the method can be applied independently of conventional peak detection. That is, the result can be evaluated as a numerical value without depending on peak detection.
- the present invention can be applied only to the evaluation of the result of peak detection while following the conventional peak detection algorithm.
- the present invention provides a new evaluation value in peak detection, contributing to improvement of quantitative accuracy, automation of equipment, resource reduction, and the like. Further, it can be used in combination with the conventional technique, and in that case, the effect of the present invention can be obtained.
- the trend is calculated for the area and height, and the time of the apex, start point, and end point, but the peak start point area and peak end point side area can be used instead of the start point / end point time.
- Embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention show a processing flow in which a plurality of samples are measured and the peaks are detected together. However, measurement and peak detection are performed for each sample, and integrated peak detection results A flow of executing a process such as determination of a score function with respect to can be considered and can be within the scope of the embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention which has been described with various examples, enables more reliable peak detection by a method that focuses on the relationship between the area and height and the values such as the time obtained from the peak vertices and the start and end points of the baseline. It also contributes to accurate quantification.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施例1の動作フローチャートであり、図2は、実施例1が適用されるLC-MSの概略構成図である。
最初に、目的とする成分の濃度が異なる複数の試料を測定する。
図3及び図4は、一般的なピーク検出の説明図であり、図3は、クロマトグラムを疑似的に作成した例を示す図であり、図4は図3に示したクロマトグラムの点線で示した部分の拡大図である。図3において、横軸は時間であり、縦軸はイオン量を示す。図3に示した例においては、濃度が1倍のクロマトグラム301、濃度が10倍のクロマトグラム302、濃度が100倍のクロマトグラム303の3回の測定に相当するクロマトグラフを作成し、同じノイズ波形を重畳させた上で重ね書きしている。
図5Aは、図3に示すような測定を複数回実施した結果を示す模式図であり、図5Bは図5Aの説明図である。図5Aに示した横軸はクロマトグラムにおいてピークの頂点や、ベースラインの始点・終点の検出時間である。図5Aに示した縦軸は1倍、10倍、100倍の成分濃度に相当するピーク面積の平均をログスケールで表している。図5Bに凡例として示すように、図5Aに示した始点、頂点、終点に交差する横線は、それぞれの点を検出した時間範囲を示したものであり、最大時間501、最小時間502、最大頻度時間503について、それぞれ短い縦棒を付けた。
濃度が未知の成分の測定においては、先の(1)濃度が異なる成分の測定(ステップ101-1)において記載した装置、および基本的には同じ条件で分析を行う。
濃度が未知の成分の測定結果に対するピーク検出も、基本的に上記(2)ピーク検出(ステップ101-2)と同じ方法で行う。図9は、濃度が未知の試料を測定して得たクロマトグラム上のピークと、その頂点、およびベースラインの始点、終点の例を示す図である。ここで得た始点と終点を結ぶベースラインの上側の閉じた部分の面積を計算し、このピークの測定値を得る。
図10と図11を用い、図9の測定値(面積)に対するスコアの値を求める方法を説明する。なお、ここでも簡単のため終点について説明しているが、考え方は始点や頂点にも応用できる。
次に、本発明の実施例2について説明する。
次に、図20、図21A、図21B、図22を参照しつつ、濃度が未知の試料測定を実施例3として説明する。実施例3においては、既知の試料成分のピーク検出を行い、その傾向を求める。そして、求めた傾向を基準として、成分未知の試料の測定結果を評価し、成分未知の試料成分のピーク選定を行う例である。
まず、目的成分を含む複数の試料を測定する。利用する装置については、図2に示す液体クロマトグラフ質量分析装置を採用することができる。ここで、測定する試料における目的成分の濃度は未知でもよい。しかし、後の分析に足る試料数が必要となる。
図3や図4に示したように、ピーク検出としてピークの頂点やベースラインの始点・終点を求める。なお、後の分析や評価の工程を考えると、データ処理装置203により、正しく検出していることを判断し、表示装置207によるグラフ表示などで確認することが望ましい。
分析ステップ2001-3においては濃度が未知の試料を想定し、図5Aに示した最大時間501、最小時間502、最大頻度時間503に相当する情報を得る。この情報を得る方法の一例を図21A、図21Bおよび図22を用いて、以下に説明する。
図20の後半部分のステップ2002における試料測定は、前半部分のステップ2001の試料測定と同じ条件で実施する。他の条件で実施することも可能であるが、テップ2001の試料測定と同じ条件で実施することが望ましい。
ピーク検出についても、基本的にはステップ2001-2のピーク検出と同じ方法で行う。
実施例3におけるピーク検出の結果を評価する方法については、実施例1に示すステップ102-3の方法を採用することができる。
ピーク検出で得た面積や高さに対し、本発明による信頼性などの評価値を付加する場合、次のような効果が期待できる。
本発明では、ピーク検出で求めた面積や高さの測定値に対して、ピークの頂点やベースラインの始点、終点の傾向から得たスコアを与える。例えばベースラインの始点の評価値が低い場合は、夾雑成分の影響などでピークの形状が変わっていることを示している。測定値は検量線を用いて濃度に換算されるため、目的成分の濃度の値に対して、始点のスコアが低い状況をワーニングとして表示することができる。
本発明では、濃度が異なる状況で、ピークの頂点やベースラインの始点・終点について、それぞれ適切な状況からみた異常を検出することができる。例えば、突然特定の微量成分にのみ異常が検出される場合は、装置の設置環境に由来する汚染などを疑う。微量成分全般に異常を示す場合は、装置のクリーニングを実施するなどの対応が可能となる。
本発明で提供するピークの頂点やベースラインの始点・終点の評価値は、クロマトグラフにおけるカラムや溶離液などの交換時期を示す指標となる場合がある。例えばカラム等の劣化により、頂点や始点・終点の時間が早まるなどの目安を得て、新しいカラムに交換するなどの応用が考えられる。
上記のような指標を提供することにより、異常を検出した試料の自動的な再測定など、ユーザーの負担の軽減を図ることができる。
ピーク検出の基本は、有限個のベースラインの候補から、最適なものを選択する処理に他ならない。従って、個々の候補に対してより精度の高い評価値を提供することにより、より精度の高いピーク検出が可能となる。ピーク検出で求めた面積や高さの測定値は、検量線によって直接濃度に変換されるため、ピーク検出の精度は定量精度の向上に直結している。
本発明の基本は、検出されたピークの頂点やベースラインの始点・終点に対し、評価値を与えることにある。その方法は、従来のピーク検出と独立して適用することができる。すなわち、ピーク検出に依存することなく、その結果を数値として評価することができる。従来のピーク検出のアルゴリズムを踏襲しつつ、ピーク検出の結果の評価にのみ本発明を適用することが可能である。
例えば薬剤の代謝物に関する研究では、目的とする成分について各種の生体組織における局在化の様子や、血液や尿中の濃度の経時変化などを知る必要がある。そのためには、目的成分が比較的高濃度に存在する試料と、ごく微量しか存在しない試料を分析対象としたい。しかし、それらの試料において目的成分が測定可能な濃度範囲に入らない場合、抽出や濃縮など前処理の条件を変更し、分析条件を最適化しなければならない。測定できる濃度範囲が広く、かつピーク検出もそれに対応していれば、より広範囲の試料に対応でき、検討に要する試料や時間の無駄を省くことができる。
Claims (8)
- 試料の目的成分を分離し、質量分析を行うクロマトグラフ質量分析装置であって、
成分濃度が既知の試料を検出した検出時間と成分濃度の面積または高さの測定値に対する、ベースラインの始点、終点、ピークの頂点の傾向を示すスコア関数を算出し、算出した前記スコア関数を用いて、成分濃度が未知の試料を検出した時間と成分濃度の面積または高さの測定値について、スコア値を算出し、算出した前記スコア値に基づいて前記成分濃度が未知の試料のピークを選定するデータ処理部を備えることを特徴とするクロマトグラム質量分析装置。 - 請求項1に記載のクロマトグラフ質量分析装置において、
前記スコア関数は、成分濃度が互いに異なる試料に由来するピーク検出結果から得た頻度情報に基づく関数であることを特徴とするクロマトグラフ質量分析装置。 - 請求項1に記載のクロマトグラフ質量分析装置において、
前記スコア関数は、前記ベースラインの始点と終点との間のクロマトグラム上のピークとノイズ領域から得た谷の出現確率に基づき決定される関数であることを特徴とするクロマトグラフ質量分析装置。 - 請求項1に記載のクロマトグラフ質量分析装置において、
前記データ処理部は、前記測定値に対するピークの複数の候補を抽出し、その中から最もよいスコアを持つものを真のピークとして選定することを特徴とするクロマトグラフ質量分析装置。 - 試料の目的成分を分離し、質量分析を行うクロマトグラフィー質量分析方法であって、
成分濃度が既知の試料を検出した検出時間と成分濃度の面積または高さの測定値に対する、ベースラインの始点、終点、ピークの頂点の傾向を示すスコア関数を算出し、
前記算出した前記スコア関数を用いて、成分濃度が未知の試料を検出した時間と成分濃度の面積または高さの測定値について、スコア値を算出し、
算出した前記スコア値に基づいて前記成分濃度が未知の試料のピークを選定することを特徴とするクロマトグラフィー質量分析方法。 - 請求項5に記載のクロマトグラフィー質量分析方法において、
前記スコア関数は、成分濃度が互いに異なる試料に由来するピーク検出結果から得た頻度情報に基づく関数であることを特徴とするクロマトグラフィー質量分析方法。 - 請求項5に記載のクロマトグラフィー質量分析方法において、
前記スコア関数は、前記ベースラインの始点と終点との間のクロマトグラム上のピークとノイズ領域から得た谷の出現確率に基づき決定される関数であることを特徴とするクロマトグラフィー質量分析方法。 - 請求項5に記載のクロマトグラフィー質量分析方法において、
前記測定値に対するピークの複数の候補を抽出し、その中から最もよいスコアを持つものを真のピークとして選定することを特徴とするクロマトグラフィー質量分析方法。
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CN112820358A (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-18 | 上海交通大学 | 基于遗传算法的熔盐电解精炼重叠峰分离方法及系统 |
WO2021240939A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-02 | 株式会社島津製作所 | データ処理装置、データ処理方法、データ処理プログラムおよび分析装置 |
WO2021240993A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | 株式会社島津製作所 | ピークトラッキング装置、ピークトラッキング方法およびピークトラッキングプログラム |
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GB2586710B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2022-05-25 | Hitachi High Tech Corp | Chromatography mass spectrometry and chromatography mass spectrometer |
CN114609319B (zh) * | 2022-02-14 | 2023-08-22 | 天津国科医疗科技发展有限公司 | 基于噪声估计的谱峰识别方法及系统 |
CN116136518B (zh) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-08-01 | 杭州泽天春来科技有限公司 | 色谱仪 |
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WO2021240993A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | 株式会社島津製作所 | ピークトラッキング装置、ピークトラッキング方法およびピークトラッキングプログラム |
JP7480843B2 (ja) | 2020-05-28 | 2024-05-10 | 株式会社島津製作所 | ピークトラッキング装置、ピークトラッキング方法およびピークトラッキングプログラム |
WO2021240939A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-02 | 株式会社島津製作所 | データ処理装置、データ処理方法、データ処理プログラムおよび分析装置 |
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JP7332045B2 (ja) | 2020-05-29 | 2023-08-23 | 株式会社島津製作所 | データ処理装置、データ処理方法、データ処理プログラムおよび分析装置 |
CN112820358A (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-18 | 上海交通大学 | 基于遗传算法的熔盐电解精炼重叠峰分离方法及系统 |
CN112820358B (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-04-26 | 上海交通大学 | 基于遗传算法的熔盐电解精炼重叠峰分离方法及系统 |
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GB202014390D0 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
DE112019000840T5 (de) | 2020-11-12 |
US20210048417A1 (en) | 2021-02-18 |
US11262337B2 (en) | 2022-03-01 |
JPWO2019176658A1 (ja) | 2021-03-11 |
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GB2586710A (en) | 2021-03-03 |
GB2586710B (en) | 2022-05-25 |
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