WO2019174180A1 - 一种茶园深松施肥机 - Google Patents

一种茶园深松施肥机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019174180A1
WO2019174180A1 PCT/CN2018/100277 CN2018100277W WO2019174180A1 WO 2019174180 A1 WO2019174180 A1 WO 2019174180A1 CN 2018100277 W CN2018100277 W CN 2018100277W WO 2019174180 A1 WO2019174180 A1 WO 2019174180A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
shovel
tea
deep
beams
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PCT/CN2018/100277
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戴有华
史德林
徐荣丽
王昌刚
吕梅
高超学
丁龙保
吴晓龙
陈允刘
史修坤
Original Assignee
江苏农林职业技术学院
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Application filed by 江苏农林职业技术学院 filed Critical 江苏农林职业技术学院
Priority to CH00898/20A priority Critical patent/CH715897B1/de
Publication of WO2019174180A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019174180A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an agricultural machine, in particular to a deep pine fertilizer applicator.
  • Tea trees are mainly planted in hilly areas and sloping fields, and deepening and fertilizing tea gardens can increase the yield and quality of tea.
  • Deep pine can improve the permeability and permeability of soil.
  • the application of organic fertilizer can improve the fertility of tea garden soil.
  • Combining deep pine and fertilization can accelerate the decomposition and utilization of fertilizer, reduce the number of machine tools entering the ground, reduce energy consumption and save costs.
  • the deep-slung fertilisers used in tea gardens are still lacking.
  • the existing deep-soil fertilisers are mainly used in orchards, or in deep-fertilization of crops for wheat and corn.
  • Deep pine fertilisers generally have basic components such as deep shovel, fertilizer tank and fertilizer pipeline. Under the traction of power machinery, deep pine and fertilization operations are completed at the same time. Different deep pine fertilisers are mainly made in two aspects. Innovation: First, functional compounding, such as compounding with sowing, straw, film, ridge, spray, etc.; second, principle improvement, such as delamination, vibration, soil, gas blasting, liquid fertilizer, etc.
  • the deep pine fertilizer applicator is very important for the matching of agronomic requirements. Most tea gardens use deep pine fertilization from the line in the case of tea trees. Therefore, other deep pine fertilizer applicators are not suitable for use in tea gardens. For the only one type of tea plantation, the method of loosening the fertilization ditch between the rows, the loose soil and fertilization are too far from the root of the tea tree, and the operation effect is not good enough; the deep loose shovel is fixed by the four-bar linkage mechanism.
  • the structural rigidity is not very good; the fertilizer box is separated by two, the amount of fertilizer is not large enough; the fertilizer device adopts the groove wheel, which has a good effect on the inorganic fertilizer, but the effect on the organic fertilizer is not good;
  • the machine is directly installed on the tea garden management machine, which is very difficult for the assembly and disassembly of the deep loose fertilization parts. It is not convenient to realize a multi-function by replacing the hanging parts. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a deep-soil fertilizing machine with simple and reliable structure, high working efficiency and high performance, and used in connection with tea garden tractors.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a tea garden deep-slung fertilizer applicator with the advantages of the prior art, which is simple and reliable in structure and high in work efficiency.
  • a tea garden subsoil fertilizer applicator comprises a frame, a fertilizer tank is arranged above the frame, and a depth-limiting wheel and a deep loose shovel are arranged below the frame, and the frame is further a gearbox is provided, an output end of the gearbox is connected to the tractor, and the remaining output end of the gearbox is connected to a fertilizer transplanter in the discharge port of the fertilizer tank, and the discharge port is connected to one end of the fertilizer pipe, the The other end of the fat pipe extends to the back side of the deep loose shovel.
  • the frame comprises an inverted U-shaped truss and a positive trapezoidal truss above the inverted U-shaped truss.
  • the inverted U-shaped truss comprises two horizontally symmetric beams, each of the beam ends is vertically connected with a support column, and the positive trapezoidal truss comprises two symmetrically disposed above each of the beams. a diagonal beam, the ends of the two oblique beams are horizontally connected with short beams, and reinforcing beams are arranged between the two beams, between the two supporting columns and between the oblique beam and the short beam.
  • the deep shovel includes a shovel head and a shovel handle
  • the support column below the frame is fixed with a U-shaped clip
  • the shovel handle is clamped at one end of the U-shaped clip
  • the surface of the shovel handle is opened and positioned a slot
  • the positioning slot is fastened to a bolt disposed on the U-shaped clip
  • the shovel handle extends downwardly into two legs, each of the legs is connected to the shovel head
  • the shovel head is provided with a plurality of leaks
  • the strip steel piece of the soil hole, the cross-sectional contour line of the strip steel piece is a straight line segment, a circular arc segment and a straight line segment from the center to the two sides.
  • the upper half of the shovel head is evenly distributed with a plurality of leakage holes, and the leakage holes are parallelogram holes.
  • the fertilizer tank comprises a central portion and a funnel portion connected to both sides of the central portion, the bottom wall contour of the fertilizer tank being adapted to the positive trapezoidal truss.
  • the transmission gear is provided with a driving gear
  • the driving gear is connected to the coupling through a driving shaft
  • the coupling is connected to a power output shaft of the tractor
  • the driving gear meshes with two driven gears.
  • the driven gear is connected to one end of the driven shaft, and the other end of the driven shaft is connected to a fertilizer transplanter in the fertilizer tank for rotation.
  • a bearing housing for the driven shaft to be inserted for stability is provided above the frame.
  • the main shaft of the fertilizer displacer is provided with a plurality of curved blades, the width of the blade is matched with the width of the discharge opening, and the circumferential trajectory diameter and the discharge formed by the blade edge during the rotation of the fertilizer feeder
  • the length of the mouth is adapted, and the blades of the two sides of the fertilizer are bent in opposite directions.
  • the bracket of the depth limited wheel is also provided with a positioning groove adapted to the U-shaped clip.
  • the structure of the tea plantation deep-soil fertilizing machine of the invention is matched with the size of the tea tree row, and is suitable for operation across the tea tree.
  • the whole machine has a compact structure, and the distance between the deep pine fertilization ditch and the root of the tea tree is appropriate, which is not easy to damage the root, and The soil structure and fertility of the roots are improved.
  • the whole machine and the tea garden tractor are connected by hooking, which is convenient for assembly and disassembly.
  • the structure of the whole machine is firm, the strength and rigidity are very high.
  • the deep loose shovel adopts a bifurcated structure and a shovel handle.
  • the lower part is connected with two shovel heads, which facilitates the excavation of two ditch between the rows of compact tea trees for deep loosening operation.
  • the angle of the shovel head and the angle of the soil gap are reasonable, which is convenient for reducing the resistance of the soil.
  • the upper part of the shovel head is set.
  • the eight leakage holes reduce the soil resistance and enhance the soil-breaking effect.
  • the fertilizer tank has a large volume, the fertilizer is large, and there is no need to add fertilizer frequently.
  • the lower part of the fertilizer tank is inclined. The cone surface is beneficial to the organic fertilizer to automatically slide down to the bottom.
  • the fertilizer device includes five thin curved blades, which has good effect on the organic fertilizer, and can effectively solve the problem that the organic fertilizer is easy to block the discharge port. Since the size of the fertilizer device is matched with the size of the discharge port, when the fertilizer device does not rotate, the organic fertilizer in the fertilizer tank does not leak from the discharge port under the action of gravity, and the depth limit wheel and the deep loose shovel
  • the installation height can be adjusted within a certain range, so that the depth of deep loose fertilization can also be adjusted.
  • the height adjustment parts of the deep depth wheel and the deep loose shovel can be tapped by the semicircular positioning groove and the lower part of the frame.
  • the bolts are buckled and connected, the adjustment is convenient, the fixing is firm, and the structural strength is weakened.
  • the deep loose fertilizing machine can operate four grooves at a time, and the working efficiency is high.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a left side view of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a frame of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a front elevational view of the deep shovel of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a right side view of the deep shovel of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of a fertilizer tank of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a transmission system of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the fertilizer applicator of the present invention.
  • a tea garden deep loose fertilizer applicator of the present invention comprises a frame 1 , a fertilizer box 2 is arranged above the frame 1 , and a depth limiting wheel 3 and a deep loose shovel 4 are arranged below the frame 1 .
  • a gearbox 5 is further disposed above the frame 1. An output end of the gearbox 5 is connected to the tractor, and the remaining output ends of the gearbox 5 are connected to the fertilizer applicator 6 in the discharge port of the fertilizer tank 2, and the left and right gearboxes 5 are provided as the preferred gearbox 5.
  • the discharge port is connected to one end of the fertilizer pipe 7, the other end of the fertilizer pipe 7 extends to the back soil side of the deep loose shovel 4, and the deep loose shovel 4 is installed under the rear side of the frame 1 for opening Deep pine ditch, limited depth wheel 3 is installed under the front side of the frame 1, used to control the deep depth, fertilizer tank 2, gearbox 5, fertilizer generator 6 and bearing seat 25 are installed above the frame 1, the fertilizer pipe 7 extends from the lower part of the fertilizer tank 2 to the back of the deep loose shovel 4, and is used to apply organic fertilizer in the deep pine trench of the excavation.
  • the whole machine straddles two adjacent tea trees, and is crawled.
  • the tea garden tractor is towed forward, and the deep loose shovel 4 cuts into the soil layer with a depth of about 400 mm, crushing the soil and pushing it up, rolling the sides of the ditch, and the organic fertilizer is moved by gravity.
  • the two fertilizer outlets of the fertilizer tank 2 slide, and the fertilizer feeder 6 is driven by the power transmitted from the gearbox 5.
  • the fertilizer is transferred into the fertilizer pipeline 7, and then discharged from the back of the deep shovel 4, and the upper half of the deep shovel 4
  • the clods extruded from the holes in the ministry fell on the fertilizer, and the broken clods on both sides of the deep pine ditch also covered the fertilizer in the drooping ditch, and the deep pine fertilization operation of each side of the adjacent two tea trees could be completed at one time.
  • the frame 1 should be able to carry the fertilizer tank 2, and it is convenient to connect the components such as the deep loose shovel 4.
  • the upper part of the frame 1 adopts a trapezoidal structure to achieve sufficient strength and rigidity, so that the fertilizer tank 2 is firmly placed on the machine.
  • the frame 1 comprises an inverted U-shaped truss and a positive trapezoidal truss above the inverted U-shaped truss.
  • the design of the inverted U-shaped truss facilitates the frame 1 across the row of tea trees.
  • the frame 1 is 60 mm x 60 mm. 6mm square steel pipe is welded, its dimensions are length ⁇ width ⁇ height is 1860mm ⁇ 660mm ⁇ 1160mm.
  • the inverted U-shaped truss comprises two horizontally symmetrical beams 8 each ended vertically
  • a support column 9 is connected downwards
  • the positive trapezoidal truss includes two oblique beams 10 symmetrically disposed above each of the beams 8.
  • the ends of the two inclined beams 10 are horizontally connected with the short beams 11, between the two beams 8, and the two support columns 9
  • a reinforcing beam 12 is disposed between the oblique beam 10 and the short beam 11
  • the deep loose shovel 4 includes a shovel head 13 and a shovel handle 14
  • a U-shaped clip 15 is fixed under the frame 1 .
  • 14 is clamped to one end of the U-shaped clip 15
  • the surface of the shovel handle 14 is provided with a positioning groove 16 .
  • the bracket of the depth limiting wheel 3 is also provided with a positioning slot 16 adapted to the U-shaped clip 15 .
  • the positioning slot 16 is fastened to the bolt which is disposed on the U-shaped clip 15.
  • the shovel handle 14 extends downwardly into two legs, each leg is connected to the shovel head 13, and the shovel head 13 is a strip with a plurality of leakage holes 17
  • the shape of the steel sheet and the strip steel strip are linear, circular and straight segments from the center to the sides, which reduces the resistance to the soil and ensures the strength of the cutting edge.
  • the shovel head 13 is forged from a 5 mm steel plate.
  • the back of the strip steel sheet can be welded with reinforcing ribs and connecting strips.
  • the 0mm steel bar is forged and welded, and the positioning groove 16 is a two-row semi-circular groove formed by cutting the upper part of the shovel handle 14.
  • the parallelogram leakage hole 17 can reduce the soil resistance and improve the soil and soil leakage effect.
  • the fertilizer tank 2 includes a central portion 18 and a funnel portion 19 connected to both sides of the central portion.
  • a fertilizer tank 2 has a large volume and a large amount of fertilizer. It is not necessary to add fertilizer frequently.
  • the fertilizer tank 2 is welded by 4mm steel plate, the fertilizer tank 2 has a volume of about 0.63mm 3 , and the fertilizer tank 2 bottom wall
  • the contour is matched with the trapezoidal truss, which helps to firmly install the fertilizer tank 2 on the frame 1.
  • the left and right sides of the lower half of the fertilizer tank 2 are respectively inclined and contracted toward the bottom, and the contraction forms a discharge port.
  • the structure is favorable for the organic fertilizer to slide to the discharge port, and the through hole for installing the driven shaft 24 is opened at the bottom of the fertilizer tank 2 near the discharge port, and the transmission system includes the driving gear 20 disposed in the gearbox 5, and the driving gear 20 passes
  • the driving shaft 21 is connected to the coupling 22, the coupling 22 is connected to the power output shaft of the tractor, the driving gear 20 is meshed with two driven gears 23, and the driven gear 23 is connected to one end of the driven shaft 24, and the driven shaft 24 The other end is connected to the fertilizer manipulator 6 in the fertilizer tank 2 for rotation.
  • the upper part of the frame 1 is provided with a bearing shaft 24 for the bearing shaft 24 to be stably stabilized, and the spindle of the fertilizer device 6 is provided with five
  • the curved blade 26 has a width corresponding to the width of the discharge opening.
  • the diameter of the circumferential path formed by the edge of the blade 26 is matched with the length of the discharge port, and the fertilizers on both sides are 6
  • the blades 26 are bent in opposite directions, and when the fertilizer feeder 6 is not rotated, the organic fertilizer
  • the fertilizer tank 2 will not fall into the fertilizer pipe 7 basically, which prevents the fertilizer from leaking.
  • the fertilizer device 6 rotates, the organic fertilizer will be broken and smoothly applied to the deep pine through the fertilizer pipe 7. Inside the ditch.
  • tea garden deep loose fertilizer machine can complete the deep pine fertilization operation, when the operation straight tea tree at the end , closing the tea garden haul
  • the button that powers the hanging machine no more fertilizer is discharged from the rear side of the deep shovel 4, and the tea garden tractor drives the handle of the lifting rod 27 to lift, so that the deep shovel can be lifted in the soil, and then the tea garden tractor is adjusted.
  • Aligning the rows of tea trees and filling the organic fertilizer in the fertilizer tank 2 can carry out the deep pine fertilization operation of the new row of tea trees.
  • the deep pine fertilizing machine of the invention can operate across the tea trees, one time can be deep There are two ditches between the rows of tea trees on the left and right sides.
  • the structure of the whole machine is compact and firm, the resistance of deep pine is small, the effect of loose soil is good, and the fertilizer tank 2 has a large amount of fertilizer and a fertilizer for organic fertilizer.
  • the fattening performance is strong.
  • the distance between the deep pine fertilization ditch and the root of the tea tree is relatively close.
  • the effect of deep pine fertilization on the tea tree is strong.
  • the operation speed of the tea plant deep loose fertilizing machine is fast and meets the agronomic requirements of deep tea fertilization in tea garden.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

一种茶园深松施肥机，包括机架（1），机架（1）上方设有肥料箱（2），机架（1）下方设有限深轮（3）和深松铲（4），机架（1）上方还设有变速箱（5），变速箱（5）一个输出端连接于拖拉机，变速箱（5）其余输出端连接于肥料箱（2）出料口内的拨肥器（6），出料口连接于输肥管（7）一端，输肥管（7）另一端延伸至深松铲（4）背土侧。

Description

一种茶园深松施肥机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种农业机械，具体涉及一种深松施肥机。
背景技术
茶树主要栽种在丘陵、坡地等土壤瘠薄地区，对茶园进行深松、施肥可以提高茶叶的产量和品质。深松可改善土壤透水与透气性能，施用有机肥可提高茶园土壤的肥力，将深松与施肥联合起来作业，可以加速肥料的分解利用过程、减少机具进地次数，降低能耗、节约成本。但是目前，针对茶园使用的深松施肥机还很缺乏，现有的深松施肥机主要是用于果园、或用于小麦和玉米等农作物种植田地深松施肥。
深松施肥机一般都有深松铲、肥料箱和输肥管等基本部件，在动力机械的牵引下，同时完成深松和施肥作业，不同的深松施肥机主要是在两个方面做了创新：一是功能复合，如与播种、破秸秆、覆膜、起垄、喷雾等作业环节复合；二是原理改进，如分层破土、振动破土、气爆破土、施液态肥等。
深松施肥机对农艺要求的匹配度很重要，茶园里多数是在有茶树的情况下从行间进行深松施肥，所以，其他深松施肥机不适合在茶园使用。而对于仅有的一种茶园深松施肥机，行间开单条深松施肥沟的方式，松土和施肥作用距离茶树根部太远、作业效果不够好；深松铲柄通过四连杆机构固连在茶园管理机上，结构刚度不太好；肥料箱采用分离的两只，载肥料量不够大；排肥器采用槽轮，对排无机肥效果良好，但对排有机肥效果欠佳；整机直接安装在茶园管理机上，对于深松施肥部件装拆带来很大困难，不便于通过更换挂接部件实现一机多能。因此，急需研制一种结构简单可靠、作业效率高性能好、与茶园拖拉机挂接使用的深松施肥机。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种茶园深松施肥机，结构简单可靠、作业效率性能高。
技术方案：本发明所述的一种茶园深松施肥机，包括机架，所述机架上方设有肥料箱，所述机架下方设有限深轮和深松铲，所述机架上方还设有变速箱，所述变速箱一个输出端连接于拖拉机，所述变速箱其余输出端连接于肥料箱出料口内的拨肥器，所述出料口连接于输肥管一端，所述输肥管另一端延伸至深松铲背土侧。
优选的，所述机架包括倒U形桁架，以及倒U形桁架上方的正梯形桁架。
优选的，所述倒U形桁架包括两个水平对称设置的横梁，每个所述横梁端部竖直向下连接有支撑柱，所述正梯形桁架包括每个所述横梁上方对称设置的两个斜梁，所述两个斜梁端部水平连接有短梁，所述两横梁之间、两支撑柱之间以及斜梁与短梁相交处之间均设有加强梁。
优选的，所述深松铲包括铲头和铲柄，所述机架下方的支撑柱固定有U形卡夹，所述铲柄夹于U形卡夹一端，所述铲柄表面开设有定位槽，所述定位槽卡扣于穿设在U形卡夹的螺栓上，所述铲柄向下延伸为两支脚，每个所述支脚连接于铲头，所述铲头为开设有若干漏土孔的条形钢片，所述条形钢片截面轮廓线由中心向两侧依次为直线段、圆弧段和直线段。
优选的，所述铲头的上半部均匀分布有若干漏土孔，所述漏土孔为平行四边形孔。
优选的，所述肥料箱包括中央部以及连接于中央部两侧的漏斗部，所述肥料箱底壁轮廓与正梯形桁架相适配。
优选的，所述变速箱内设有主动齿轮，所述主动齿轮通过主动轴连接于联轴器，所述联轴器连接于拖拉机的动力输出轴，所述主动齿轮啮合有两个从动齿轮，所述从动齿轮连接于从动轴一端，所述从动轴另一端连接于肥料箱内的拨肥器供其转动。
优选的，所述机架上方设有供从动轴穿入用于保持稳定的轴承座。
优选的，所述拨肥器的主轴环绕设有若干弯曲的叶片，所述叶片的宽度与出料口宽度相适配，拨肥器转动过程中，其叶片边缘形成的圆周轨迹直径与出料口长度相适配，所述两侧拨肥器的叶片弯曲方向相反。
优选的，限深轮的支架也开设有与U形卡夹相适配的定位槽。
有益效果：本发明的茶园深松施肥机整机结构与茶树行的尺寸匹配，适于跨茶树行作业，整机结构紧凑，深松施肥沟到茶树根颈距离适当，既不易伤根、又对根部土壤结构和肥力有较强的改善，整机与茶园拖拉机采用挂接形式联接，装拆方便，整机结构牢固，强度和刚度都很高，深松铲采用分叉结构，一个铲柄下部联接两个铲头，便于在空间紧凑的茶树行间开挖两条沟进行深松施肥作业，铲头的入土角、入土隙角设置合理，便于减小入土阻力，铲头中上部设置了八个漏土孔，既降低了挤土阻力、又增强了碎土效果，同时，对已施肥料有覆土作用，肥料箱容积大，载肥量大、无需频繁加肥料，肥料箱下部呈倾斜锥面，有利于有机肥自动向底部滑落，拨肥器包括五个薄的弯曲叶片， 对有机肥的拨动效果好，能有效解决有机肥易堵塞出料口的问题，同时由于拨肥器的尺寸与出料口尺寸相适配，当拨肥器不转动时，肥料箱里的有机肥不会在重力的作用下从出料口漏出，限深轮和深松铲的安装高度都可以在一定范围内进行调节，使得深松施肥的深度也可以调节，限深轮和深松铲的高度调节部位均可通过半圆形的定位槽与机架下部卡扣上横置的螺栓卡扣连接，调节方便、固定牢靠、结构强度削弱程度小，该深松施肥机一次可作业四条沟，作业效率高。
附图说明
图1为本发明的正视图；
图2为本发明的左视图；
图3为本发明机架的结构示意图；
图4为本发明深松铲的正视图；
图5为本发明深松铲的右视图；
图6为本发明肥料箱的结构示意图；
图7为本发明传动系统的结构示意图；
图8为本发明拨肥器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明技术方案进行详细说明，但是本发明的保护范围不局限于所述实施例。
如图1至图8所示，本发明的一种茶园深松施肥机，包括机架1，机架1上方设有肥料箱2，机架1下方设有限深轮3和深松铲4，机架1上方还设有变速箱5，变速箱5一个输出端连接于拖拉机，变速箱5其余输出端连接于肥料箱2出料口内的拨肥器6，作为优选变速箱5设有左右两个对称的动力输出端，出料口连接于输肥管7一端，输肥管7另一端延伸至深松铲4背土侧，深松铲4安装于机架1后侧下方，用于开深松沟，限深轮3装于机架1前侧下方，用于控制深松深度，肥料箱2、变速箱5、拨肥器6和轴承座25安装于机架1上方，输肥管7从肥料箱2下部延伸至深松铲4背后，用于在开挖的深松沟内施入有机肥，茶园深松施肥作业时，整机横跨相邻两个茶树行，由履带式茶园拖拉机牵引前行，深松铲4切入深度400mm左右的土层，将土壤挤碎推高，滚落沟的两侧，有机肥由于重力作用往肥料箱2左右两个出料口滑动，拨肥器6经变速箱5传来的动力带动，将肥料拨入输肥管7，再从深松铲4背后排出，经深松铲4上半部的 孔洞挤出的土块掉落在肥料上，深松沟两侧的碎土块也坍落沟内盖住肥料，一次可以完成相邻两条茶树行的每侧茶树的深松施肥作业，其中，机架1既要能承载肥料箱2，又要方便联接深松铲4等部件，机架1上部采用梯形结构以达到足够的强度和刚度，为了使得肥料箱2稳固地放置于机架1上，机架1包括倒U形桁架，以及倒U形桁架上方的正梯形桁架，倒U形桁架的设计方便机架1横跨茶树行，优选的，机架1由60mm×60mm×6mm方钢管焊接而成，其外形尺寸长×宽×高为1860mm×660mm×1160mm，为了便于安装和拆卸，机架1可与肥料箱2、限深轮3、深松铲4和变速箱5采用螺纹连接，具体的，倒U形桁架包括两个水平对称设置的横梁8，每个横梁8端部竖直向下连接有支撑柱9，正梯形桁架包括每个横梁8上方对称设置的两个斜梁10，两个斜梁10端部水平连接有短梁11，两横梁8之间、两支撑柱9之间以及斜梁10与短梁11相交处之间均设有加强梁12，深松铲4包括铲头13和铲柄14，机架1下方固定有U形卡夹15，所述铲柄14夹于U形卡夹15一端，所述铲柄14表面开设有定位槽16，同样的，限深轮3的支架也开设有与U形卡夹15相适配的定位槽16，所述定位槽16卡扣于穿设在U形卡夹15的螺栓上，铲柄14向下延伸为两支脚，每个支脚连接于铲头13，铲头13为开设有若干漏土孔17的条形钢片，条形钢片截面轮廓线由中心向两侧依次为直线段、圆弧段和直线段，减小入土阻力并保证铲尖强度，作为优选，铲头13由5mm的钢板锻造而成条形钢片，条形钢片的背部可焊接加强筋和连接条，铲头13宽度L 4＝200mm、铲尖宽度L 3＝50mm，铲柄14由40mm×60mm的钢筋锻造并焊接而成，定位槽16为铲柄14上部切削加工出的两排半圆形凹槽，铲柄14上部长度L 7＝735mm、每排半圆形凹槽长度L 8＝165mm，两支脚的间距L 5＝500mm、铲柄14下部离铲尖的竖直高度L 6＝690mm，为了更好的减小入土阻力并保证铲尖强度，取铲尖入土角α＝30°、入土隙角β＝10°、铲尖张角γ＝120°，铲头竖直高度L 2＝440mm、前后长度L 1＝280mm，并在铲头13的上半部设置了8个均匀分布的平行四边形漏土孔17，既可以减小挤土阻力、又可以提高碎土和漏土效果，漏土孔17长度L 10＝45mm、宽度L 9＝30mm，铲头13的上半部均匀分布有8个漏土孔17，漏土孔17为平行四边形孔，肥料箱2包括中央部18以及连接于中央部两侧的漏斗部19，这样的肥料箱2容积大，载肥量大、无需频繁加肥料，优选的，肥料箱2由4mm钢板焊接而成，肥料箱2容积约为0.63mm 3，肥料箱2底壁轮廓与正梯形桁架相适配，有助于稳固地将肥料箱2安装在机架1上，肥料箱2下半部左右两侧分别向底部 倾斜收缩，该收缩处形成出料口，这样的结构有利于有机肥向出料口滑动，用于安装从动轴24的贯通孔开设于肥料箱2底部靠近出料口处，传动系统包括变速箱5内设置的主动齿轮20，主动齿轮20通过主动轴21连接于联轴器22，联轴器22连接于拖拉机的动力输出轴，主动齿轮20啮合有两个从动齿轮23，从动齿轮23连接于从动轴24一端，从动轴24另一端连接于肥料箱2内的拨肥器6供其转动，机架1上方设有供从动轴24穿入用于保持稳定的轴承座25，拨肥器6的主轴环绕设有5个弯曲的叶片26，叶片26的宽度与出料口宽度相适配，拨肥器6转动过程中，其叶片26边缘形成的圆周轨迹直径与出料口长度相适配，两侧拨肥器6的叶片26弯曲方向相反，当拨肥器6不转动时，有机肥在肥料箱2内基本不会掉落到输肥管7中，防止了肥料下漏现象，当拨肥器6转动时，有机肥将会被打碎，顺利地经输肥管7施入深松沟内。
工人可将茶园深松施肥机挂接安装到茶园拖拉机的后部，然后，调节好茶园深松施肥机左右两侧的限深轮3的高度和深松铲4的高度，再向肥料箱2内装满有机肥，将茶园拖拉机对着茶树行、使深松施肥机左右两侧的深松铲4处于左右两个茶树行间的中间位置，操作茶园拖拉机驱动挂接杆27升降的手柄，并缓慢开动茶园拖拉机前行，深松铲逐渐切入茶树行间地面直至所需的深松深度，茶园深松施肥机在相邻的两个茶树行间开出四条较短的深松沟，此时，启动茶园拖拉机的向挂机机具提供动力的按钮，茶园深松施肥机的变速箱5开始工作、左右两个拨肥器6也工作，有机肥从肥料箱2下部被拨碎掉落到输肥管7，并从深松铲4后侧落入深松沟内，平稳并较快地开动茶园拖拉机，茶园深松施肥机即可高速地完成深松施肥作业，当作业直茶树行尽头时，关闭茶园拖拉机的向挂机机具提供动力的按钮，不再有肥料从深松铲4后侧排出，操作茶园拖拉机驱动挂接杆27升降的手柄，使深松铲动土壤里抬起，再将茶园拖拉机调整方向、对准相隔一行的茶树行，并加满肥料箱2内的有机肥，即可进行新的一行茶树的深松施肥作业，本发明的深松施肥机，能够跨茶树行作业，一次可深松施肥四条沟，即左右两侧的每个茶树行间有两条沟，整机结构紧凑牢固、深松阻力小、松土效果好，肥料箱2载肥量大、对有机肥的拨肥输肥性能强，深松施肥沟距离茶树根颈距离较近、深松施肥对茶树的影响力强，茶园深松施肥机的作业速度快、且符合茶园深松施肥的农艺要求。
如上所述，尽管参照特定的优选实施例已经表示和表述了本发明，但其不得解释为对本发明自身的限制。在不脱离所附权利要求定义的本发明的精神和范围前提下，可对其在形式上和细节上作出各种变化。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种茶园深松施肥机，其特征在于：包括机架，所述机架上方设有肥料箱，所述机架下方设有限深轮和深松铲，所述机架上方还设有变速箱，所述变速箱一个输出端连接于拖拉机，所述变速箱其余输出端连接于肥料箱出料口内的拨肥器，所述出料口连接于输肥管一端，所述输肥管另一端延伸至深松铲背土侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的茶园深松施肥机，其特征在于：所述机架包括倒U形桁架，以及倒U形桁架上方的正梯形桁架。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的茶园深松施肥机，其特征在于：所述倒U形桁架包括两个水平对称设置的横梁，每个所述横梁端部竖直向下连接有支撑柱，所述正梯形桁架包括每个所述横梁上方对称设置的两个斜梁，所述两个斜梁端部水平连接有短梁，所述两横梁之间、两支撑柱之间以及斜梁与短梁相交处之间均设有加强梁。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的茶园深松施肥机，其特征在于：所述深松铲包括铲头和铲柄，所述机架下方的支撑柱固定有U形卡夹，所述铲柄夹于U形卡夹一端，所述铲柄表面开设有定位槽，所述定位槽卡扣于穿设在U形卡夹的螺栓上，所述铲柄向下延伸为两支脚，每个所述支脚连接于铲头，所述铲头为开设有若干漏土孔的条形钢片，所述条形钢片截面轮廓线由中心向两侧依次为直线段、圆弧段和直线段。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的茶园深松施肥机，其特征在于：所述铲头的上半部均匀分布有若干漏土孔，所述漏土孔为平行四边形孔。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的茶园深松施肥机，其特征在于：所述肥料箱包括中央部以及连接于中央部两侧的漏斗部，所述肥料箱底壁轮廓与正梯形桁架相适配。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的茶园深松施肥机，其特征在于：所述变速箱内设有主动齿轮，所述主动齿轮通过主动轴连接于联轴器，所述联轴器连接于拖拉机的动力输出轴，所述主动齿轮啮合有两个从动齿轮，所述从动齿轮连接于从动轴一端，所述从动轴另一端连接于肥料箱内的拨肥器供其转动。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的茶园深松施肥机，其特征在于：所述机架上方设有供从动轴穿入用于保持稳定的轴承座。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的茶园深松施肥机，其特征在于：所述拨肥器的主轴环绕设有若干弯曲的叶片，所述叶片的宽度与出料口宽度相适配，拨肥器转动过程中，其叶片边缘形成的圆周轨迹直径与出料口长度相适配，所述两侧拨肥器的叶片弯曲方向相反。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的茶园深松施肥机，其特征在于：所述限深轮的支架也开设有与U形卡夹相适配的定位槽。
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