WO2019165557A1 - Inhibiteur pour métaux alcalins et alcalino-terreux - Google Patents
Inhibiteur pour métaux alcalins et alcalino-terreux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019165557A1 WO2019165557A1 PCT/CA2019/050246 CA2019050246W WO2019165557A1 WO 2019165557 A1 WO2019165557 A1 WO 2019165557A1 CA 2019050246 W CA2019050246 W CA 2019050246W WO 2019165557 A1 WO2019165557 A1 WO 2019165557A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- lithium
- water
- solution
- concentration
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002683 reaction inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 86
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 83
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940059904 light mineral oil Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 hydroxyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010814 metallic waste Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 29
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical group [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002734 organomagnesium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004705 High-molecular-weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011824 nuclear material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001979 organolithium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002901 organomagnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002569 water oil cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/08—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K15/00—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change
- C09K15/04—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds
- C09K15/06—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/52—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste cells or batteries, e.g. recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present application refers to the field of the quantitative and safe dissolution of alkali or alkaline-earth metals, the field of the destruction and stabilization of alkali or alkaline-earth metal residues and the field of recycling of alkali metals or alkaline earth metal.
- Alkaline metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium
- Alkaline metals have similar chemical properties and possess a very reducing valence electron. As a result, they react violently with water to produce hydrogen that can be explosive according to the reaction:
- Alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium
- Alkaline earth metals also react with water to produce hydrogen gas according to the following equation: M (s) + 2H20 (I) ® M 2+ (aq) + 20H (aq) + H2 (g) (2)
- alkali metals such as lithium, are therefore generally immersed in the mineral oil.
- organomagnesium or Grignard reagents involves the solution of magnesium in an anhydrous solvent.
- the solvents used may be ethers, such as oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) or diethyl ether.
- the solvent has the role of solvating the organomagnesium and stabilizing it.
- the synthesis of Grignard reagents is carried out according to the following reaction:
- organolithium reagents The synthesis of organolithium reagents is similar to that of organomagnesium compounds and involves the solution of lithium with anhydrous reagents and is carried out according to the following reaction:
- X is a halogen for example, Br, Cl or I.
- the present description relates to a method for dissolving a metal, according to which the metal is chosen from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and alloys comprising mainly at least one of these, the method comprising a step (a) of contacting the metal with a reaction inhibitor and water; wherein the reaction inhibitor is selected from a hydrocarbon, a hydroxyl compound and a mixture comprising at least two thereof.
- the hydrocarbon is of formula C n H m where n and m are natural whole numbers; n is from 5 to 40; and m is chosen so that the molecule is stable and optionally includes one or more unsaturations.
- the hydroxylated compound is of formula R (OH) x where R is chosen from the groups Ci-alkyl and C2-3alkyl (OC2-3alkyl) y , where x is between 1 and 4, and y is between 1 and 5, it being understood that the C: O ratio of the hydroxylated compound is in the range of 1: 1 to 3: 1.
- the hydroxylated compound is of formula R (OH) x, where R and x are such that the formula defines a polyalkylene glycol of average molecular weight between 300 and 800 g / mol or a polyvinyl alcohol of molecular weight average between 7000 and 101 000 g / mol, optionally substituted with one or more ester group (s).
- the water is included in an emulsion of light mineral oil and water.
- the present description relates to a process as defined herein, in which the inhibitor is a hydroxide of the metal and step (a) comprises contacting the metal with a concentrated solution of the metal hydroxide in the water.
- the metal is selected from alkali metals lithium, sodium, potassium and alloys comprising predominantly one of these.
- the metal is lithium.
- the metal is an alloy of lithium and magnesium or aluminum, where lithium is the majority.
- the metal is selected from magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and an alloy comprising predominantly one of these.
- the reaction inhibitor is a hydroxylated compound chosen from propylene glycol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol. methoxypolyethylene glycol and a mixture comprising at least two thereof.
- the hydroxylated compound is propylene glycol or lithium hydroxide.
- the reaction inhibitor is a hydrocarbon comprising mainly linear, cyclic or branched alkanes.
- the inhibitor is a mixture comprising at least one hydroxyl compound and a hydrocarbon.
- the inhibitor is a metal hydroxide and step (a) comprises contacting the metal with a concentrated hydroxide solution of the metal in the water.
- the metal hydroxide is lithium hydroxide.
- the concentrated hydroxide solution of the metal has a concentration of between 6 and 12.8% w / v.
- the concentrated metal hydroxide solution has a concentration of between 8 and 12.8% w / v.
- the concentrated solution of metal hydroxide is a saturated solution.
- the method comprises the complete or partial immersion of the metal in the reaction inhibitor followed by the addition of water or an emulsion of light mineral oil and water.
- the metal to be dissolved is attached to a nonreactive metal prior to the contacting step.
- the method is used for the quantitative solution of metals.
- said method further comprises a step of weighing the metal before contacting.
- the method may further include an optional step of separating the solution, and the quantitative analysis of the solution.
- the quantitative analysis of the solution may, for example, be carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
- the method is used for the destruction and stabilization of metal residues.
- metal residues adhere to the surface of a piece of equipment.
- the method is carried out on the complete piece of equipment on which the metal residues adhere.
- the method is used for recycling batteries.
- the method further comprises a step of dismantling or shredding the battery before the contacting step.
- the step of dismantling or shredding the battery is carried out simultaneously with the contacting step.
- the process is used to recycle lithium as LiOH or LiOH hteO, or converted to L12CO3, or another lithium salt.
- Figure 1 shows images of the dissolution of the shaped pellet showing: (A) a lithium pellet (top metal) attached to a stainless steel pellet (bottom metal); and (B) the position of the lithium (top metal) in the graduated cylinder for the quantitative dissolution of lithium, as described in Example 1 (b).
- Figure 2 shows an image of the dissolution in mineral oil of the lithium pellet (top metal) attached to a pellet of stainless steel (bottom metal), as described in Example 2.
- the Figure 3 shows an image of the dissolution of the lithium pellet fixed to the stainless steel pellet in a saturated solution of lithium hydroxide, as described in Example 5 (a).
- hydrocarbon refers to an oil or a mixture based on oil (s) consisting exclusively of carbon and hydrogen and therefore comprising no other substitution group.
- the hydrocarbon comprises mainly linear, cyclic or branched saturated alkanes.
- the hydrocarbon can come from the distillation of oil. Alternatively, it may have been manufactured synthetically.
- hydroxylated compound refers to organic or inorganic compounds comprising at least one hydroxyl functional group (-OH).
- alkyl or “alkylene” refer to saturated hydrocarbon groups having from one to eight carbon atoms, including linear or branched moieties. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl and so on. When the alkyl group is located between two functional groups, then the term “alkylene” can also be used, such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, and so on.
- alkylene can also be used, such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, and so on.
- C1-C11alkyl and “C1-C18alkylene” refer respectively to an alkyl or alkylene group having number "i” to number "ii” of carbon atom (s).
- the present application describes a method of dissolving metals, wherein the metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and alloys comprising predominantly at least one thereof.
- the metal is an alkali metal selected from lithium, sodium and potassium.
- the metal may also be an alkaline earth metal selected from magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium.
- the metal may also be an alloy comprising predominantly an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.
- the metal is lithium.
- the metal is an alloy of lithium and magnesium or aluminum, in which lithium is the majority.
- the method comprises a step of contacting the metal with a reaction inhibitor and water, the water optionally being in the form of an emulsion of light mineral oil and water.
- the metal is previously attached to a non-reactive metal, for example, to stainless steel.
- the dissolving can be performed on a sample (for example, a pellet) composed of a dissolving metal layer attached to a nonreactive metal layer. The metal to be dissolved is found on the top of the sample to avoid or reduce the risk that released hydrogen will accumulate beneath it.
- the reaction inhibitor may be selected from a hydrocarbon, a hydroxyl compound and a mixture comprising at least two thereof.
- the hydrocarbon is of the formula CnHm where n and m are natural whole numbers; n is from 5 to 40; and m is chosen so that the molecule is stable and optionally includes one or more unsaturations.
- the hydroxylated compound is of formula R (OH) x where R is chosen from the groups Ci-alkyl and C2-3alkyl (OC2-3alkyl) y , where x is between 1 and 4, and y is between 1 and 5, it being understood that the C: 0 molar ratio of the hydroxyl compound is in the range of 1: 1 to 3: 1.
- the hydroxylated compound is of formula R (OH) x , where R and x are chosen so that the formula defines a polyalkylene glycol of average molecular weight between 300 and 800 g / mol or a polyvinyl alcohol of molecular weight average between 7000 and 101 000 g / mol, optionally substituted with one or more ester group (s).
- Non-limiting examples of hydroxyl compounds include propylene glycol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, methoxypolyethylene glycol, or a mixture comprising at least two of these.
- the reaction inhibitor is propylene glycol or paraffin oil.
- the reaction inhibitor is a mixture comprising at least one hydroxyl compound and a hydrocarbon.
- the inhibitor further comprises methanol.
- the reaction inhibitor may further comprise one or more adjuvant (s) or additive (s), for example, to modify or improve the properties thereof, such as its viscosity.
- the adjuvant may be glucose or another similar compound.
- the reaction inhibitor is a mixture including a hydroxyl compound present at a concentration of between 1 and 99% v / v, preferably between 10 and 80% v / v, or between 30 and 60% v / v, or about 50% v / v, upper and lower bounds included.
- the step of contacting the metal with a reaction inhibitor and water comprises complete immersion. or partial metal in the reaction inhibitor followed by addition of water or emulsion of light mineral oil and water.
- the metal is immersed in a volume of reaction inhibitor equivalent to about 14 ⁇ l per milligram of metal to be dissolved.
- the water or emulsion of light mineral oil and water may be added in portions at regular intervals, for example, from about 0.10 to about 6.0 ⁇ L per milligram of metal to be dissolved per period of time. minutes, terminals upper and lower included.
- it may be added continuously and at a controlled low flow rate, for example, at a rate of between about 0.05% v / v and about 1% v / v per minute, including upper and lower limits.
- the water or the emulsion of light mineral oil and water can be added until the solution reaches a concentration of between about 50% v / v and about 90% v / v. water or until complete dissolution of the metal.
- the reaction inhibitor of the process as defined herein is a hydroxide of the metal and step (a) comprises bringing the metal into contact with a concentrated solution of metal hydroxide in the metal. 'water.
- the metal hydroxide is lithium hydroxide.
- the concentrated solution of the metal hydroxide has a concentration of from about 4 to about 12.8% w / v, or from about 6 to about 12.8% w / v, or from about 8 to about 12.8% w / v. and about 12.8% w / v, upper and lower bounds included.
- the concentrated solution is a saturated solution.
- the present description also proposes the use of the method of the present application for the quantitative solution of metals.
- the method may further include a step of weighing the metal prior to contacting and a step of quantitatively analyzing the solution.
- the step of quantitative analysis of the solution can be carried out, for example, by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
- ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
- the present description also proposes the use of the method of the present application for the safe destruction and stabilization of metal residues.
- the process of the present application can make it possible, inter alia, to reduce the rate of reaction and release of hydrogen gas, to reduce the local atmosphere of hydrogen gas, to avoid local warming and / or to avoid reaching the melting point of lithium.
- a slower release may allow, by using adequate ventilation, to remain below the lower limit of flammability of gaseous hydrogen, which is about 4% by volume.
- Metal residues such as metallic lithium can also adhere to the surface of pieces of equipment.
- the complete piece of equipment on which the metal residues adhere is treated with the method of the present application in order to dissolve or stabilize them.
- the present description also proposes the use of the method of the present application for recycling batteries.
- the method may further include a step of dismantling or shredding the battery prior to the contacting step.
- the step of dismantling or shredding the battery can be performed during the step of contacting.
- the lithium oxidizes in the aqueous solution to form LiOH.
- the lithium can then be recycled from the aqueous LiOH solution as LiOH H20 or converted to U2CO3 or other lithium salt.
- electrochemically active materials such as, for example, LiFePO4, LUTi50i2, lithium metal, or lithium salts used in the manufacture of liquid electrolytes, solids or gels.
- the reaction inhibitor may also be a lithium hydroxide solution.
- Solid LiOH is commercially available in its anhydrous form (LiOH) or monohydrate form (LiOH H20).
- the maximum solubility of anhydrous LiOH in water is about 128 g / L at a temperature of 20 ° C (concentration equivalent to about 12.8% w / v).
- the dissolution of lithium metal in a concentrated aqueous solution of LiOH occurs very slowly and therefore, it can be used to solubilize lithium metal safely.
- the solution resulting from this controlled dissolution can then be used to recover the lithium in a form having a substantially significant commercial value (such as anhydrous LiOH, LiOH-hteO or U2CO3).
- this inhibitor comes from its high chemical purity since no other chemical is introduced into the process.
- This inhibitor can also be used in the destruction of lithium metal residues, for the recycling of lithium metal batteries or for quantitative chemical analysis of the impurities contained in lithium and / or the determination of the purity thereof. .
- the lithium sample to be dissolved was prepared in an anhydrous room with a dew point below -40 ° C.
- a clean, dry stainless steel pellet was first weighed on an analytical balance and inserted into a pellet mold (eg, Evacuable Pellet Die 13 mm GS03000, Specac brilliant spectroscopy TM) so that the unpolished surface is in contact with the sample to promote the adhesion of lithium on the stainless steel pellet.
- a metal lithium strip was then taken and inserted into the pelletized mold.
- a clean, dry, high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) pellet (12.90 mm x 6.0 mm) was then inserted into the pellet mold so that its polished side was in contact with the sample.
- UHMW-PE high molecular weight polyethylene
- the mold assembly was then performed and placed in a manual hydraulic press (YLJ-15, MTI Corporation).
- a vacuum line was connected to the base of the pellet mold to remove air from the sample and the mold evacuated for one minute.
- a pressure of 80 bar was applied under vacuum for one minute. Once the pressure was released, the vacuum was maintained for an additional minute.
- the lithium pellet thus formed was found between a stainless steel pellet and a UHMW-PE pellet.
- the pellet was then ejected from the die using an extraction ring and the hydraulic press. During extraction, the UHMW-PE pellet was peeled off using a cylindrical tool. The sample was then weighed on an analytical balance and the mass of the stainless steel pellet was subtracted.
- the lithium or lithium-based alloy pellet thus formed on a stainless steel pellet was inserted into a 25-mL graduated cylinder.
- the lithium pellet was placed upward to promote the release of hydrogen bubbles during dissolution (see Figure 1B).
- the dissolution was carried out in a cylinder in order to obtain a column of liquid which captures the residual lithium extracted.
- the hydrogen release is gradual in order to avoid reaching a high local concentration of flammable hydrogen and limiting the increase in temperature at the lithium surface, reducing thus the risk of fire or explosion.
- a volume of 5 mL of propylene glycol was added.
- 1 mL of ultrapure water was added every 15 minutes for a period of about 6 hours to obtain a total volume of water of about 25 mL.
- the sample was then allowed to react until complete dissolution and until there was no further formation of hydrogen bubbles.
- the resulting solution of dissolution was transferred to a 50 mL volumetric flask and acidified with 4.15 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Solutions Concentrates of hydrochloric acid (2.50 mL) and nitric acid (2.50 mL) were then added (final concentrations of 5% v / v, respectively). The volume of the vial was supplemented by dipstick with ultrapure water. The solution was thus acidified to obtain the same matrix as the standards for the ICP-OES analysis.
- the solution is then analyzed by ICP-OES.
- This method makes it possible to quantify magnesium and lithium at a high concentration using a calibration curve. This analysis therefore makes it possible, among other things, to quantify the lithium or other content in a lithium-based alloy. It also makes it possible to quantify the impurities contained in metallic lithium or in a lithium-based alloy.
- the impurities may, for example, include calcium, chromium, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, silicon, strontium and / or zinc.
- blanks and standards are prepared with the same concentration of propylene glycol and lithium as the samples to be analyzed, in order to obtain the same matrix as the samples analyzed ("matrix matching").
- a lithium sample was prepared according to the method set forth in Example 1 (a). The sample was then dissolved in accordance with the method presented in Example 1 (b), replacing the propylene glycol with light mineral oil. Again, with this example, the lithium pellet was deposited in a graduated cylinder. Lithium was placed upward to promote the release of hydrogen bubbles. Light mineral oil was then added to to completely immerse the lithium pellet. Gradually, ultrapure water or an emulsion of ultrapure water and mineral oil was added to control the oxidation reaction of the lithium metal and the evolution of hydrogen. Subsequently, the solution was left to settle and was decanted. ICP-OES analysis is then performed.
- the reaction inhibitor may be employed to safely destroy and stabilize residues of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and alloys comprising at least one of them adhering or not to a piece of equipment.
- the reaction inhibitor may be employed to inactivate the lithium or lithium-based alloy contained in a primary or secondary battery to recover commercially valuable materials and / or recycle them.
- a recycling process comprises shredding the cells by grinding in the presence of an aqueous solution containing the organic inhibitor. When using this process lithium oxidizes in the aqueous solution to form LiOH. Once the lithium is completely dissolved in this form, the shredded (and non-reactive) materials are rinsed with water to remove traces of LiOH. The lithium can then be recycled from the aqueous solution of LiOH as UOH H 2 O or converted to form U 2 CO 3 or another lithium salt. These compounds can then be reused for the production of electrochemically active materials such as, for example, LiFePO 4 , LUTi 5 O 12, or lithium metal, or for the production of lithium salts used in the manufacture of liquid, solid electrolytes. or gels.
- electrochemically active materials such as, for example, LiFePO 4 , LUTi 5 O 12, or lithium metal, or for
- Example 5 Controlled solution of lithium metal in lithium hydroxide solution
- the reaction inhibitor can also be a concentrated solution of lithium hydroxide.
- the dissolution of lithium metal in a concentrated aqueous solution of LiOH occurs very slowly, it can therefore be used to solubilize lithium metal safely.
- the solution resulting from this controlled dissolution can then be used to recover the lithium in a form having a significant commercial value (such as anhydrous LiOH, LiOH H20 or L12CO3).
- This inhibitor can also be used for the destruction of metallic lithium residues, for the recycling of lithium metal batteries or for quantitative chemical analysis of the impurities contained in lithium.
- the controlled solution of a lithium metal sample as prepared in Example 1 (a) was carried out by adding, initially, 5 ml of a saturated solution of lithium hydroxide (12.8 % w / v). Then, water was added gradually in portions at regular intervals (about 1 mL per 15 minutes for 0.350 g of metal) to control the dissolution rate of the metal. To complete the dissolution reaction, a total of 18 mL of water was added, corresponding to a final concentration of 8.03% w / v.
- Figure 3 shows an image of the controlled solution of lithium metal in a solution of saturated lithium hydroxide (12.8% w / v LiOH) as described in this example.
- the lithium metal was held at the bottom of the solution by a stainless steel pellet on which the metal was pressed, as described in Example 1 (a).
- the evolution of hydrogen takes place slowly and the lithium does not heat up.
- (b) Dissolving in a solution of unsaturated lithium hydroxide (6.4
- Example 1 The controlled solution of a lithium metal sample, as prepared in Example 1 (a), was carried out according to the method described in Example 5 (a), except that the saturated solution of LiOH is replaced by 5 mL of a solution containing 6.4% w / v LiOH (64 g / L). Using the method of this example, the reaction is more violent and faster. The solution warms up slightly and the release of hydrogen is more pronounced. In order to complete the lithium dissolution reaction, a total quantity of water of 14 ml was added per portion at regular intervals (ie about 1 ml of water per 15 minutes for 0.350 g of metal). The final concentration obtained was 8.04% weight / volume.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA3090449A CA3090449A1 (fr) | 2018-03-01 | 2019-03-01 | Inhibiteur pour metaux alcalins et alcalino-terreux |
CN201980013975.9A CN111742036A (zh) | 2018-03-01 | 2019-03-01 | 碱金属和碱土金属的抑制剂 |
KR1020207027188A KR102716287B1 (ko) | 2018-03-01 | 2019-03-01 | 알칼리 및 알칼리 토금속용 억제제 |
EP19760850.8A EP3759194A4 (fr) | 2018-03-01 | 2019-03-01 | Inhibiteur pour métaux alcalins et alcalino-terreux |
US16/975,279 US11873430B2 (en) | 2018-03-01 | 2019-03-01 | Inhibitor for alkali and alkaline earth metals |
JP2020545527A JP2021515103A (ja) | 2018-03-01 | 2019-03-01 | アルカリ金属およびアルカリ土類金属に対する抑制剤 |
JP2024100626A JP2024111251A (ja) | 2018-03-01 | 2024-06-21 | アルカリ金属およびアルカリ土類金属に対する抑制剤 |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA2,996,961 | 2018-03-01 | ||
CA2996961A CA2996961A1 (fr) | 2018-03-01 | 2018-03-01 | Inhibiteur pour metaux alcalins et alcalino-terreux |
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WO2019165557A1 true WO2019165557A1 (fr) | 2019-09-06 |
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PCT/CA2019/050246 WO2019165557A1 (fr) | 2018-03-01 | 2019-03-01 | Inhibiteur pour métaux alcalins et alcalino-terreux |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US11873430B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3759194A4 (fr) |
JP (2) | JP2021515103A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR102716287B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN111742036A (fr) |
CA (2) | CA2996961A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2019165557A1 (fr) |
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WO2024007236A1 (fr) * | 2022-07-07 | 2024-01-11 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Appareil de traitement de métal actif |
Citations (2)
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WO2017197528A1 (fr) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-23 | HYDRO-QUéBEC | Procédé pour le recyclage de matériaux d'électrode de batterie au lithium |
WO2018006687A1 (fr) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-11 | Grst International Limited | Procédé de recyclage de batterie au lithium-ion |
Family Cites Families (12)
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US4254089A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1981-03-03 | Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. | Product recovery from alkali metal wastes |
JP2721467B2 (ja) * | 1993-02-25 | 1998-03-04 | キヤノン株式会社 | リチウム電池材回収方法 |
FR2786927B1 (fr) | 1998-12-07 | 2001-01-12 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de traitement d'un accumulateur au lithium en vue du recyclage de ses materiaux constitutifs |
JP3735314B2 (ja) * | 2002-04-30 | 2006-01-18 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 金属ナトリウム中の不純物元素の分析方法 |
JP2004155599A (ja) * | 2002-11-05 | 2004-06-03 | Kazunari Ikuta | 水素の製造方法及び水素−酸素の製造方法並びにこれらの製造装置 |
US9174199B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 | 2015-11-03 | Basf Corporation | Methanol steam reforming catalysts |
ES2392939T3 (es) * | 2010-05-13 | 2012-12-17 | Amalio Garrido Escudero | Sistema de generación in situ de hidrógeno bajo demanda usando un reactivo metálico líquido reciclable, y el método utilizado en el sistema |
CN104105803B (zh) * | 2012-02-10 | 2016-04-06 | 住友金属矿山株式会社 | 锂的回收方法 |
EP2741357B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-05 | 2015-11-18 | TSR-KAT GmbH | Procédé de récupération de composants de batteries au lithium usagées |
CN106413924B (zh) * | 2014-06-04 | 2019-01-22 | 日本曹达株式会社 | 金属钠的钝化方法 |
CN104370275A (zh) | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-25 | 杨传保 | 一种含水甲醇、乙醇与钠反应制氢气方法 |
CN107118225A (zh) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-09-01 | 成都化润药业有限公司 | 一种杜绝氢气产生的金属钠的安全处理方法 |
-
2018
- 2018-03-01 CA CA2996961A patent/CA2996961A1/fr not_active Abandoned
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2019
- 2019-03-01 CA CA3090449A patent/CA3090449A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-03-01 KR KR1020207027188A patent/KR102716287B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2019-03-01 CN CN201980013975.9A patent/CN111742036A/zh active Pending
- 2019-03-01 EP EP19760850.8A patent/EP3759194A4/fr active Pending
- 2019-03-01 JP JP2020545527A patent/JP2021515103A/ja active Pending
- 2019-03-01 US US16/975,279 patent/US11873430B2/en active Active
- 2019-03-01 WO PCT/CA2019/050246 patent/WO2019165557A1/fr active Application Filing
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2024
- 2024-06-21 JP JP2024100626A patent/JP2024111251A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017197528A1 (fr) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-23 | HYDRO-QUéBEC | Procédé pour le recyclage de matériaux d'électrode de batterie au lithium |
WO2018006687A1 (fr) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-11 | Grst International Limited | Procédé de recyclage de batterie au lithium-ion |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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See also references of EP3759194A4 * |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US11873430B2 (en) | 2024-01-16 |
KR102716287B1 (ko) | 2024-10-11 |
US20200407637A1 (en) | 2020-12-31 |
JP2021515103A (ja) | 2021-06-17 |
CA3090449A1 (fr) | 2019-09-06 |
EP3759194A1 (fr) | 2021-01-06 |
CN111742036A (zh) | 2020-10-02 |
EP3759194A4 (fr) | 2021-09-29 |
KR20200127200A (ko) | 2020-11-10 |
CA2996961A1 (fr) | 2019-09-01 |
JP2024111251A (ja) | 2024-08-16 |
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