Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/4192—1,2,3-Triazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/454—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pimozide, domperidone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia

Definitions

• the present invention relates to methods of use of trisub stituted benzotriazole derivatives of formula (I), particularly methods of cancer treatment with these compounds.
• Lymphoma leukemia, myeloma and myelodysplastic syndrome are the four main groups of blood or hematological cancers that are further divided into various subtypes. In the United States, it is estimated that one person in every three minutes is diagnosed with a hematological cancer and one person in every nine minutes dies from it.
• acute monocytic leukemia is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with characteristic clinical features of a patient having >20% blasts in the bone marrow, of which >80% are of the monocytic lineage.
• Acute monocytic leukemia has been reported to have a poor prognosis compared to other subtypes of AML, and it has been shown that the disease may develop after chemotherapy exposure, particularly following epipodophyllotoxins and anthracyclines.
• ALL Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• ALL another leukemia subtype
• This particular subtype has a bimodal age distribution with an initial peak in childhood and second that increases in older adults.
• outcomes for ALL in children have improved with modern chemotherapy regimens, outcomes in adults remain dismal, which are attributable to a combination of increased adverse tumor biology and decreased tolerance of therapy.
• ALL is destined to relapse. It has been declared that most adults with recurrent ALL“cannot be rescued with current therapies”. This is likely the result of the fact that virtually all active therapies are used during first line treatment. There is clearly a need for additional active therapies in ALL.
• DLBCL diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
• Both double hit and triple hit lymphomas are highly proliferative and drug-resistant. Both phenotypes are also associated with an extremely poor prognosis with standard treatment, such as rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) - all of which are suboptimal. Few patients with double hit lymphoma are cured with this approach. There are retrospective reviews suggesting that a more intensive therapy, such as etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin plus rituximab (EPOCH-R), may be better than standard treatment. For patients who are unable to undergo transplant, or for those who relapse after a stem cell transplant, the median survival is approximately 6 months.
• NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer or carcinoma
• the present invention is directed to a method for treating a cancer selected from chemotherapy-resistant acute myeloid leukemia, cytarabine-resistant acute myeloid leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, diffuse mixed cell lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, primary effusion lymphoma, erythroleukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic monocytic leukemia, double hit diffuse large B cell lymphoma, triple hit diffuse large B cell lymphoma, biliary tract cancer or cancer of the ampulla of Vater, non-small cell lung cancer, bronchoalveolar carcinoma, liver cancer, cancer of the ovary, and cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract in a subject.
• the method comprises the step of administering to the subject one or more times a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by formula (I):
• Ri is selected from hydrogen and alkyl
• R 2 is -A-R4
• A is arylene or tetrasubstituted arylene; wherein the substituent is halogen
• R 3 is selected from hydroxy and amino
• R 4 is selected from an aryl and a heteroaryl that is optionally substituted with one or more R5
• R5 is selected from alkyl and -(CH 2 ) n N(R a )R b .
• R a and R b are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and - C(0)alkyl; alternatively R a and R b can be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing 0-2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from O and N and is optionally substituted with alkyl n is an integer selected from 0 and 1.
• FIG. 1 shows the sensitivity of a panel of -400 human cancer lines of hemapoietic and non-hemapoietic origin towards growth inhibition by Compound 1 of the invention.
• FIG. 2 shows the sensitivity of an additional panel of human cancer lines of heme lineage towards growth inhibition by Compound 1 of the invention.
• FIG. 3 shows the 4-day and 7-day relative growth curves of the THP-l cell line treated with Compound 1.
• FIG. 4 shows the 4-day and 7-day relative growth curves of the HT cell line treated with Compound 1.
• FIG. 5A shows the relative growth rate vs. concentration sensitivity profiles of MV411, Kasumi-l, THP-l, DB, Toledo and WSU-DLCL2 cell lines towards varying concentrations of Compound 1.
• FIG. 5B shows the relative growth rate vs. concentration sensitivity profiles of MV411, Kasumi-l, THP-l, DB, Toledo and WSU-DLCL2 cell lines towards varying concentrations of cytarabine.
• FIG. 5C shows the relative growth rate vs. concentration sensitivity profiles of MV411, Kasumi-l, THP-l, DB, Toledo and WSU-DLCL2 cell lines towards varying concentrations of doxorubicin.
• FIG. 6 is a curve showing the relative growth rate of OCILY18, SC-l and CARNAVAL double hit diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines treated with various concentrations of Compound 1 for 96 hours.
• FIG. 7A shows OCILY-19 double hit diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tumor growth curves in CB17 SCID mice when left untreated (vehicle) or treated with 10 mg/kg of Compound 1, BID; 30 mg/kg of Compound 1, BID; 100 mg/kg of Compound 1, BID; and 200 mg/kg of Compound 1, QD, all measured over the course of 14 days.
• FIG. 7B shows the pharmacokinetic profiles of Compound 1, administered at the dosages described for FIG. 7A, in the plasma of the CB17 SCID mice, at the indicated timepoints following the last dose at end of study.
• FIG. 7C shows the DHO levels in the untreated (vehicle) OCILY-19 tumors and tumors treated with compound 1 at the indicated doses, measured over the course of 12 hours following the last dose at end of study.
• FIG. 7D shows the uridine levels in the untreated (vehicle) OCILY-19 tumors and tumors treated with compound 1 at the indicated doses, measured over the course of 12 hours following the last dose at end of study.
• FIG. 8 shows patient-derived DLBCL_l (triple hit DLBCL) tumor growth curves in CB17 SCID mice when left untreated (vehicle) or treated with 100 mg/kg of Compound 1, BID.
• the present invention further relates to a method for treating a cancer selected from chemotherapy-resistant acute myeloid leukemia, cytarabine-resistant acute myeloid leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diffuse mixed cell lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, primary effusion lymphoma, erythroleukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic monocytic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, double hit diffuse large B cell lymphoma, triple hit diffuse large B cell lymphoma, biliary tract cancer or cancer of the ampulla of Vater, non-small cell lung cancer, bronchoalveolar carcinoma, liver cancer, cancer of the ovary, and cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract in a subject, comprising the step of administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.
• a cancer selected from chemotherapy-resistant acute myeloid
• the cancer treated in the method is chemotherapy-resistant acute myeloid leukemia. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is cytarabine-resistant acute myeloid leukemia. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is acute monocytic leukemia. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is diffuse mixed cell lymphoma. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is myelodysplastic syndrome. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is primary effusion lymphoma. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is erythroleukemia. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is chronic myeloid leukemia.
• the cancer treated in the method is chronic monocytic leukemia. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is B-cell lymphoma. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is biliary tract cancer or cancer of the ampulla of Vater. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is non-small cell lung cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is bronchoalveolar carcinoma. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is liver cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is cancer of the ovary. In one embodiment, the cancer treated in the method is cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract.
• chemotherapy-resistant acute myeloid leukemia refers to a form of acute myeloid leukemia that is resistant or refractory to standard chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia.
• the standard chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia comprises one or more approved chemotherapeutic agents selected from cytarabine, doxorubicin, daunorubicin (daunomycin), idarubicin, clardribine (Leustatin ® , 2-CdA), fludarabine (Fludara ® ), topotecan, etoposide (VP- 16), 6-thioguanine or 6-TG, hydroxyurea (Hydrea ® ), corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone or dexamethasone (Decadron ® ), methotrexate or MTX, 6-mercaptopurine or 6-MP, azacitidine (Vidaza ® ), decitabine (D
• cytarabine-resistant acute myeloid leukemia refers to a form of acute myeloid leukemia that is resistant or refractory to treatment of the disease with cytarabine, alone or in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents.
• double hit diffuse large B cell lymphoma refers to a form of lymphoma or diffuse large B cell lymphoma where the lymphoma cells are altered at two oncogenes which are c-MYC and BCL2 or BCL6.
• double hit diffuse large B cell lymphoma is treated in the method, and is characterized by gene alterations at c-MYC and BCL2.
• double hit diffuse large B cell lymphoma is treated in the method, and is characterized by gene alterations at c-MYC and BCL6.
• triple hit diffuse large B cell lymphoma refers to a form of lymphoma or diffuse large B cell lymphoma where the lymphoma cells are altered at three oncogenes which are c-MYC , BCL2 and BCL6. In one embodiment, triple hit diffuse large B cell lymphoma is treated in the method.
• the compound used in the method of treatment is represented by formula (I):
• R 2 is -A-R 4 ;
• A is arylene or tetrasubstituted arylene; wherein the substituent is halogen;
• R 3 is selected from hydroxy and amino;
• R 4 is selected from an aryl and a heteroaryl that is optionally substituted with one or more R 5 ; and
• R 5 is selected from alkyl and -(CH 2 ) n N(R a )R b .
• R a and R b are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and - C(0)alkyl; alternatively R a and R b can be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing 0-2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from O and N and is optionally substituted with alkyl n is an integer selected from 0 and 1.
• the compound represented by formula (I) described herein includes a regioisomer having any one of the following structures:
• a regioisomer can be separated at any of the possible stage either as an intermediate or as an end product by one or more processes well known to the person skilled in the art or even employed as such in the synthesis.
• a compound represented by formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in which R 4 is selected from optionally substituted phenyl; in which optional substituents are selected from methyl, acetylamino,
• a compound of the present invention is a compound represented by formula (la):
• a compound of the present invention is a compound represented by formula (lb):
• Examples of compounds that can be used in the disclosed treatment methods include:
• alkyl refers to a hydrocarbon chain that may be a linear or branched chain, containing the indicated number of carbon atoms, for example, a Ci-C 6 alkyl group may have from 1 to 6 (inclusive) carbon atoms in it.
• C 1 -C 4 and Ci- C 6 alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, and isohexyl.
• An alkyl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more suitable groups.
• amino refers to an -N- group, the nitrogen atom of said group being attached to a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or any suitable groups.
• Representative examples of an amino group include, but are not limited to -N3 ⁇ 4, -NHCH 3 and -NH-cyclopropyl.
• An amino group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the suitable groups.
• aryl refers to an optionally substituted monocylic, bicyclic or polycyclic aromatic carbocyclic ring system of about 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
• Examples of a C 6 -Ci4 aryl group include, but are not limited to phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, anthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, fluorenyl, indanyl, biphenylenyl, and acenaphthyl.
• Aryl group which can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more suitable groups.
• arylene denotes a divalent monocyclic or bicyclic, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocyclic ring having 6 to 14 carbon atoms which may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more suitable groups.
• halogen or“halo” includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
• heterocyclyl includes the definitions of “heterocycloalkyl” and “heteroaryl”.
• the term“heterocycloalkyl” refers to a non-aromatic, saturated or partially saturated, monocyclic or polycyclic ring system of 3 to 10 member having at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from O, N, S, S(O), S(0) 2 , NH and C(O).
• exemplary heterocycloalkyl groups include piperdinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1,3- dioxolanyl, l,4-dioxanyl and the like.
• a heterocycloalkyl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more suitable groups.
• heteroaryl refers to an unsaturated, monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic aromatic ring system containing at least one heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen.
• C5-C10 heteroaryl groups include furan, thiophene, indole, azaindole, oxazole, thiazole, thiadiazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, N- methylimidazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyrrole, N-methylpyrrole, pyrazole, N- methylpyrazole, l,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2, 4-triazole, 1 -methyl- 1,2, 4-triazole, lH-tetrazole, 1- methyltetrazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzofuran, benzisoxazole, benzimidazole, N-
• Bicyclic heteroaryl groups include those where a phenyl, pyridine, pyrimidine or pyridazine ring is fused to a 5 or 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclyl ring having one or two nitrogen atoms in the ring, one nitrogen atom together with either one oxygen or one sulfur atom in the ring, or one O or S ring atom.
• a heteroaryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more suitable groups.
• heteroatom refers to a sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen atom.
• “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” is taken to mean an active ingredient, which comprises a compound of the formula (I) in the form of one of its salts, in particular if this salt form imparts improved pharmacokinetic properties on the active ingredient compared with the free form of the active ingredient or any other salt form of the active ingredient used earlier.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salt form of the active ingredient can also provide this active ingredient for the first time with a desired pharmacokinetic property which it did not have earlier and can even have a positive influence on the pharmacodynamics of this active ingredient with respect to its therapeutic efficacy in the body.
• the term“subject” and“patient” may be used interchangeably, and means a mammal in need of treatment, e.g., companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats and the like), farm animals (e.g., cows, pigs, horses, sheep, goats and the like) and laboratory animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs and the like).
• the subject is a human in need of treatment.
• the term “treating” or ‘treatment” refers to obtaining desired pharmacological and/or physiological effect.
• the effect can be therapeutic, which includes achieving, partially or substantially, one or more of the following results: partially or totally reducing the extent of the disease, disorder or syndrome; ameliorating or improving a clinical symptom or indicator associated with the disorder; and delaying, inhibiting or decreasing the likelihood of the progression of the disease, disorder or syndrome.
• a therapeutically effective amount means an amount of the compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, e.g., 0.1 mg to 1000 mg/kg body weight, when administered to a subject, which results in beneficial or desired results, including clinical results, i.e., reversing, alleviating, inhibiting, reducing or slowing the progression of a disease or condition treatable by a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, reducing the likelihood of recurrence of a disease or condition treatable by a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or one or more symptoms thereof, e.g., as determined by clinical symptoms, compared to a control.
• the expression“therapeutically effective amount” also encompasses the amounts which are effective for increasing normal physiological function.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to a non-toxic carrier, diluent, adjuvant, vehicle or excipient that does not adversely affect the pharmacological activity of the compound with which it is formulated, and which is also safe for human use.
• compositions of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, magnesium stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose- based substances (e.g., microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, lactose monohydrate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and crosscarmellose sodium), polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat
• compositions can be adapted for administration via any desired suitable method, for example by oral (including buccal or sublingual), rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal, sublingual or transdermal), vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal) methods.
• oral including buccal or sublingual
• rectal nasal
• topical including buccal, sublingual or transdermal
• vaginal or parenteral including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal
• parenteral including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal
• compositions adapted for oral administration can be administered as separate units, such as, for example, capsules or tablets; powders or granules; solutions or suspensions in aqueous or non-aqueous liquids; edible foams or foam foods; or oil-in-water liquid emulsions or water-in-oil liquid emulsions.
• the active- ingredient component in the case of oral administration as tablet or capsule, can be combined with an oral, non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable inert excipient, such as, for example, ethanol, glycerol, water and the like.
• an oral, non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable inert excipient such as, for example, ethanol, glycerol, water and the like.
• Powders are prepared by comminuting the compound to a suitable fine size and mixing it with a pharmaceutical excipient comminuted in a similar manner, such as, for example, an edible carbohydrate, such as, for example, starch or mannitol.
• a flavour, preservative, dispersant and dye may likewise be present.
• Capsules are produced by preparing a powder mixture as described above and filling shaped gelatine shells therewith.
• Glidants and lubricants such as, for example, highly disperse silicic acid, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate or polyethylene glycol in solid form can be added to the powder mixture before the filling operation.
• a disintegrant or solubiliser such as, for example, agar-agar, calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate, may likewise be added in order to improve the availability of the medica-ment after the capsule has been taken.
• suitable binders include starch, gelatine, natural sugars, such as, for example, glucose or beta-lactose, sweeteners made from maize, natural and synthetic rubber, such as, for example, acacia, tragacanth or sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes, and the like.
• the lubricants used in these dosage forms include sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like.
• the disintegrants include, without being restricted thereto, starch, methylcellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like.
• the tablets are formulated by, for example, preparing a powder mixture, granulating or dry-pressing the mixture, adding a lubricant and a disintegrant and pressing the entire mixture to give tablets.
• a powder mixture is prepared by mixing the compound comminuted in a suitable manner with a diluent or a base, as described above, and optionally with a binder, such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, an alginate, gelatine or polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, a dissolution retardant, such as, for example, paraffin, an absorption accelerator, such as, for example, a quaternary salt, and/or an absorbant, such as, for example, bentonite, kaolin or dicalcium phosphate.
• a binder such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, an alginate, gelatine or polyvinyl-pyrrolidone
• a dissolution retardant such as, for example, paraffin
• an absorption accelerator such as, for example, a quaternary salt
• an absorbant such as, for example, bentonite, kaolin or dicalcium phosphate.
• the powder mixture can be granulated by wetting it with a binder, such as, for example, syrup, starch paste, acadia mucilage or solutions of cellulose or polymer materials and pressing it through a sieve.
• a binder such as, for example, syrup, starch paste, acadia mucilage or solutions of cellulose or polymer materials
• the powder mixture can be run through a tableting machine, giving lumps of non-uniform shape which are broken up to form granules.
• the granules can be lubricated by addition of stearic acid, a stearate salt, talc or mineral oil in order to prevent sticking to the tablet casting moulds. The lubricated mixture is then pressed to give tablets.
• the active ingredients can also be combined with a free-flowing inert excipient and then pressed directly to give tablets without carrying out the granulation or dry-pressing steps.
• a transparent or opaque protective layer consisting of a shellac sealing layer, a layer of sugar or polymer material and a gloss layer of wax may be present. Dyes can be added to these coatings in order to be able to differentiate between different dosage units.
• Oral liquids such as, for example, solution, syrups and elixirs, can be prepared in the form of dosage units so that a given quantity comprises a pre-specified amount of the compounds.
• Syrups can be prepared by dissolving the compounds in an aqueous solution with a suitable flavour, while elixirs are prepared using a non-toxic alcoholic vehicle.
• Suspensions can be for-mulated by dispersion of the compounds in a non-toxic vehicle.
• Solubilisers and emulsifiers such as, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols and polyoxyethylene sorbitol ethers, preservatives, flavour additives, such as, for example, peppermint oil or natural sweeteners or saccharin, or other artificial sweeteners and the like, can likewise be added.
• the dosage unit formulations for oral administration can, if desired, be encapsulated in microcapsules.
• the formulation can also be prepared in such a way that the release is extended or retarded, such as, for example, by coating or embedding of particulate material in polymers, wax and the like.
• Compound 1 is represented by the following structural formula:
• a follow-up screen was performed on an expanded panel of cell lines of heme lineage in a 4-day growth assay. Growth was assessed by Cell-Titer Glo measurements on day 0 and day 4. As shown in FIG. 2, 25% of the heme lines screened (20/80) exhibited sensitivity to Compound 1. A subset of the heme lines that were of intermediate sensitivity (defined as >50% and ⁇ 75% growth rate inhibition) or insensitive (defined as ⁇ 50% growth rate inhibition) to Compound 1 in this follow-up screen were subjected to extended growth assays to evaluate if increased treatment time modulated their sensitivity profile.
• FIGS. 3 and 4 show 4-day and 7-day relative growth curves of THP-l and HT cell lines treated with Compound 1, respectively. Growth rates were calculated using the formula: ln(T96/To)/time(hrs) and plotted relative to DMSO treated cells.
• THP-l cells The strong sensitivity of THP-l cells to Compound 1 in this assay is of particular interest given their resistance to the AML standard of care drug cytarabine (Ara-C), reportedly due to high expression of SAMHD1, which inactivates the active metabolite Ara-CTP.
• Ad-C drug cytarabine
• SAMHD1 which inactivates the active metabolite Ara-CTP.
• THP-l cells highly express SAMHD1, which correlates to a mechanism of resistance to cytarabine (Schneider et al., Nature Medicine, 2017, 23(2), 250-254; Herold et al., Cell Cycle, 2017, 16(11): 1029- 1038) .
• the cell line was shown to be sensitive to Compound 1 in the 7-day assay.
• Compound 1 may have particular benefit in treating AML patients that have developed resistance to standard chemotherapeutic agents.
• the sensitivity profile of Compound 1 against a subset of heme lines was compared to the sensitivity profiles other agents that are used as standard of care (SOC) in heme malignancies.
• Compound 1 displayed a sensitivity profile (LIG. 5A) distinct from cytarabine (LIG. 5B) and doxorubicin (LIG. 5C) sensitivity profiles, thereby suggesting that the mechanism of action of Compound 1 is different from those of cytarabine and doxorubicin.
• Compound 1 effectively blocks tumor growth in patient-derived double hit DLBCL xenograft model
• Compound 1 effectively blocks tumor growth in patient-derived triple hit DLBCL xenograft model
• Efficacy of Compound 1 in a triple hit DLBCL patient-derived xenograft model was assessed as part of a larger screen for sensitivity in PDX models of hematologic origin.

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