TWI818954B - 三取代之苯并三唑衍生物的使用方法 - Google Patents
三取代之苯并三唑衍生物的使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI818954B TWI818954B TW108105398A TW108105398A TWI818954B TW I818954 B TWI818954 B TW I818954B TW 108105398 A TW108105398 A TW 108105398A TW 108105398 A TW108105398 A TW 108105398A TW I818954 B TWI818954 B TW I818954B
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- cancer
- compound
- cell lymphoma
- leukemia
- diffuse large
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
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Abstract
本發明提供以具有式(I)
之三取代之苯并三唑衍生物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽治療個體中癌症的方法,其中變數R1
、R2
及R3
係如本文中所定義。
Description
本發明係關於式(I)之三取代之苯并三唑衍生物的使用方法,尤其是用此等化合物進行癌症治療之方法。
淋巴瘤、白血病、骨髓瘤及骨髓發育不良症候群為血或血液癌症之四個主要群組,其被進一步分成各種亞型。在美國,據估計,每三分鐘有一個人被診斷為患有血液癌症且每九分鐘有一個人因其而死亡。
值得注意的是,急性單核細胞性白血病為急性骨髓性白血病(AML)之獨特亞型,其特性臨床特徵為患者在骨髓中具有>20%母細胞,其中>80%之母細胞為單核細胞性譜系。已報導,相較於AML之其他亞型,急性單核細胞性白血病具有不良預後,且已顯示,該疾病可在化學療法曝露之後,尤其在表鬼臼毒素及蒽環黴素之後發展。
急性淋巴母細胞白血病(ALL),另一白血病亞型,為侵襲性血液惡性疾病,其中淋巴母細胞之異常增殖抑止正常血細胞生成,從而導致進行性骨髓衰竭及死亡。此特定亞型具有雙峰年齡分佈,其中初始峰值在兒童階段且第二峰值在老年人階段增加。儘管兒童之ALL之結果已隨著現代化學療法方案而改良,但成年人之結果仍很悲觀,其可歸因於不良腫瘤生物學增加及療法抗性降低之組合。因此,儘管初始緩解速率較高,但大部分成人註定會復發。已聲明,大部分患有再發性ALL之成年人「無法用現行療法挽救」。此很可能為以下事實之結果:在第一線治療期間使用了幾乎所有活性療法。明確存在對ALL之額外活性療法之需求。
對瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)之開拓性遺傳評估揭露出,MYC
及BCL2/BCL6
之雙重重排發生在約5%至7%之患有DLBCL之患者中。近來已將此形式之DLBCL重新分類為「具有MYC
及BCL2
及/或BCL6
重排之高級別B細胞淋巴瘤」,且目前通常被稱為「雙重打擊DLBCL」或「雙重打擊淋巴瘤」。有時,所有3種基因--MYC 、 BCL2
及BCL6
--均在被稱為「三重打擊DLBCL」或「三重打擊淋巴瘤」之表現型中同時重排。雙重打擊及三重打擊淋巴瘤兩者皆為高度增生性及抗藥性的。兩種表現型亦皆與使用標準治療之極不良預後相關聯,該標準治療係諸如利妥昔單抗加環磷醯胺、小紅莓、長春新鹼及潑尼松(R-CHOP)--以上全部均為次最佳的。利用此方法治癒了極少的具有雙重打擊淋巴瘤之患者。存在回溯性綜述,其表明較強化之療法,諸如依託泊苷、潑尼松、長春新鹼、環磷醯胺及小紅莓加利妥昔單抗(EPOCH-R)可能優於標準治療。對於無法經歷移植之患者,或對於在幹細胞移植之後復發之患者,中值存活率為約6個月。
在佔所有肺癌之約85%之非小細胞肺癌或癌瘤(NSCLC)之情況下,手術為治療之主要依靠。然而,僅四分之一的患者經歷成功切除,其中再發率為50%。晚期疾病之治療方法在手術後涉及輔助化學療法及/或輔助放射線療法兩者,而作為單一療法(第一線療法)之化學療法似乎為與相對不佳結果相關聯之方法。在四種常用組合化學療法方案之比較中,無一者係優良的。反應率在15%至22%範圍內變化,其中1年存活率為31%至36%。因此,儘管手術前化學療法似乎並未產生預期壽命之延長,但輔助化學療法(亦在與放射線療法組合時)確實顯示了預期壽命之顯著增加。
儘管數十年來患有晚期卵巢癌之患者之中值總存活率提高,但疾病病程為緩解及需要間歇性再治療之復發中之一者。漿膜(腹膜、肋膜及心包)腔內呈滲液形式之癌細胞之存在為晚期卵巢癌的臨床表現且與不佳存活率相關聯。不同於大部分實體腫瘤,尤其是在原發性部位,呈滲液形式之卵巢癌細胞不適合於手術移除且其根除失敗為治療失敗之主要原因之一。
鑒於前述內容,對可較有效地治療侵襲性淋巴瘤及白血病亞型,尤其是難以用標準療法治療之淋巴瘤形式之新型藥物仍存在未滿足的需求。亦存在對可治療相對較少知道及理解之其他血液癌症(諸如骨髓發育不良症候群及瀰漫性混合細胞淋巴瘤)之新型藥物的需求。一般而言,存在對具有極佳效能、特異性及抗性之抗癌藥之持續需求。
本發明係關於一種用於治療個體之選自以下各者之癌症的方法:抗化學療法性急性骨髓白血病、抗阿糖胞苷性急性骨髓白血病、急性單核細胞性白血病、急性淋巴母細胞白血病、B細胞淋巴瘤、瀰漫性混合細胞淋巴瘤、骨髓發育不良症候群、原發性滲出性淋巴瘤、紅白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、慢性單核細胞性白血病、雙重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤、三重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤、膽道癌或肝胰管壺腹癌(cancer of the ampulla of Vater)、非小細胞肺癌、支氣管肺泡癌、肝癌、卵巢癌及上呼吸消化道癌。該方法包含一次或多次向該個體投與治療有效量之由式(I):
表示之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的步驟。在該結構中,環中之虛線[....]表示以任何穩定組合存在之視情況選用之鍵。R1
選自氫及烷基;R2
為-A-R4
;A為伸芳基或四取代之伸芳基;其中該取代基為鹵素;R3
選自羥基及胺基;R4
選自芳基及視情況經一或多個R5
取代之雜芳基;且R5
選自烷基及-(CH2
)n
N(Ra
)Rb
。Ra
及Rb
獨立地選自氫、烷基及-C(O)烷基;替代地,Ra
及Rb
可與其等所附接的氮原子結合在一起以形成含有0至2個獨立地選自O及N之額外雜原子之4至6員雜環基且視情況經烷基取代。n為選自0及1之整數。
相關申請案之交叉參考
本申請案主張2018年2月20日申請之國際專利申請案第PCT/US2018/018679號之優先權,該國際專利申請案之全文以引用之方式併入本文中。
本發明進一步關於一種用於治療個體之選自以下各者之癌症的方法:抗化學療法性急性骨髓白血病、抗阿糖胞苷性急性骨髓白血病、急性單核細胞性白血病、急性淋巴母細胞白血病、瀰漫性混合細胞淋巴瘤、骨髓發育不良症候群、原發性滲出性淋巴瘤、紅白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、慢性單核細胞性白血病、B細胞淋巴瘤、雙重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤、三重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤、膽道癌或肝胰管壺腹癌、非小細胞肺癌、支氣管肺泡癌、肝癌、卵巢癌及上呼吸消化道癌,該方法包含向個體投與治療有效量之由式(I)表示之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或包含其之醫藥組合物的步驟。
在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為抗化學療法性急性骨髓性白血病。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為抗阿糖胞苷性急性骨髓白血病。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為急性單核細胞性白血病。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為急性淋巴母細胞白血病。在一個實施例中,該方法中治療之癌症為瀰漫性混合細胞淋巴瘤。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為骨髓發育不良症候群。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為原發性滲出性淋巴瘤。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為紅白血病。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為慢性骨髓性白血病。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為慢性單核細胞性白血病。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為B細胞淋巴瘤。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為膽道癌或肝胰管壺腹癌。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為非小細胞肺癌。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為支氣管肺泡癌。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為肝癌。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為卵巢癌。在一個實施例中,該方法中所治療之癌症為上呼吸消化道癌。
如本文中所使用,「抗化學療法性急性骨髓白血病」係指對急性骨髓性白血病之標準化學療法具有抗性或難治性之急性骨髓白血病形式。在一個實施例中,急性骨髓白血病之標準化學療法包含一或多種選自以下各者之核准化學治療劑:阿糖胞苷、小紅莓、道諾黴素(daunorubicin/daunomycin)、艾達黴素、克拉屈濱(clardribine) (Leustatin®
、2-CdA)、氟達拉賓(Fludara®
)、拓朴替康、依託泊苷(VP-16)、6-硫代鳥嘌呤或6-TG、羥基尿素(Hydrea®
)、皮質類固醇(例如,潑尼松或地塞米松(Decadron®
))、甲胺喋呤或MTX、6-巰基嘌呤或6-MP、阿紮胞苷(Vidaza®
)、地西他濱(Dacogen®
)。
如本文中所使用,「抗阿糖胞苷性急性骨髓白血病」係指對以阿糖胞苷治療(單獨或與一或多種額外治療劑組合)之疾病具有抗性或難治性之急性骨髓性白血病形式。
如本文中所使用,「雙重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤」係指淋巴瘤細胞在兩種致癌基因處被改變之淋巴瘤或瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤形式,該兩種致癌基因為c
-MYC
及BCL2
或BCL6
。在一個實施例中,雙重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤在該方法中係經治療,且其特徵為c-MYC
及BCL2
處之基因改變。在另一實施例中,雙重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤在該方法中係經治療,且其特徵為c-MYC
及BCL6
處之基因改變。
如本文中所使用,「三重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤」係指淋巴瘤細胞在三種致癌基因處被改變之淋巴瘤或瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤形式,該三種致癌基因為c-MYC
、BCL2
及BCL6
。在一個實施例中,三重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤在該方法中係經治療。
根據本發明,治療方法中所使用之化合物由式(I):
表示或為醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中虛線[....]表示以任何穩定組合存在之視情況選用之鍵。R1
選自氫及烷基;R2
為-A-R4
;A為伸芳基或四取代之伸芳基;其中取代基為鹵素;R3
選自羥基及胺基;R4
選自芳基及視情況經一或多個R5
取代之雜芳基;且R5
選自烷基及-(CH2
)n
N(Ra
)Rb
。Ra
及Rb
獨立地選自氫、烷基及-C(O)烷基;替代地,Ra
及Rb
可與其等所附接的氮原子結合在一起以形成含有0至2個獨立地選自O及N之額外雜原子之4至6員雜環基且視情況經烷基取代。n為選自0及1之整數。
本文中所描述之由式(I)表示之化合物包括具有以下結構中之任一者的區位異構體:、及。
由於區位異構體之醫藥活性可能不同,故可能需要使用特定區位異構體或區位異構體之混合物。在此類情況下,區位異構體可藉由熟習此項技術者所熟知之一或多種方法在可能階段中之任一者以中間物或以最終產物形式分離,或甚至原樣用於合成中。
根據一個實施例,提供由式(I)表示之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中R1
為烷基;尤其是烷基為甲基。
根據另一實施例,提供由式(I)表示之化合物,其中R2
為 -A-R4
;其中-A-選自亞芳基及四取代之亞芳基。
根據另一實施例,提供由式(I)表示之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中R2
選自。
根據另一實施例,提供由式(I)表示之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中R4
選自視情況經取代之苯基;其中視情況選用之取代基選自甲基、乙醯胺基、異丙基胺基甲基、甲胺基甲基、二甲胺基甲基、 。
根據另一實施例,提供由式(I)表示之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中R4
選自2,5-二甲基-1H-吡咯。
根據另一實施例,提供由式(I)表示之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中R3
為-OH及-NH2
。
根據又一特定實施例,本發明之化合物為由式(Ia)表示之化合物:
或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中虛線[---]、R1
、R3
及R4
與針對式(I)所定義者相同。
根據又一特定實施例,本發明之化合物為由式(Ib)表示之化合物:
或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中虛線[---]、R1
、R3
及R4
與式(I)中所描述者相同。
可用於所揭示之治療方法之化合物的實例包括:
或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
如本文中所使用,「烷基」係指可為直鏈或分支鏈之烴鏈,其含有指定數目個碳原子,例如,C1
-C6
烷基可在其中具有1至6 (包括端點)個碳原子。C1
-C4
及C1
-C6
烷基之實例包括但不限於甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、異丙基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、異戊基、新戊基及異己基。烷基可未經取代或經一或多個合適基團取代。
如本文中所使用,「胺基」係指-N-基團,該基團之氮原子附接至氫、烷基、環烷基、芳基、雜環基或任何合適基團。胺基之代表性實例包括但不限於-NH2
、-NHCH3
及-NH-環丙基。胺基可未經取代或經合適基團中之一或多者取代。
如本文中所使用,「芳基」係指具有約6至14個碳原子之視情況經取代之單環、雙環或多環芳族碳環環系統。C6
-C14
芳基之實例包括但不限於苯基、萘基、聯苯、蒽基、四氫萘基、茀基、茚滿基、伸聯苯基及苊基。芳基可未經取代或經一或多個合適基團取代。
如本文中所使用,「伸芳基」表示具有6至14個碳原子之二價單環或雙環、飽和、不飽和或芳族碳環,其可未經取代或經一或多個合適基團取代。
如本文中所使用,「鹵素」或「鹵基」包括氟、氯、溴或碘。
如本文中所使用,「羥基」係指-OH基團。
如本文中所使用,「雜環基」包括「雜環烷基」及「雜芳基」之定義。術語「雜環烷基」係指具有至少一個選自O、N、S、S(O)、S(O)2
、NH及C(O)之雜原子或雜基團之3至10員的非芳族、飽和或部分飽和、單環或多環環系統。例示性雜環烷基包括哌啶基、哌嗪基、嗎啉基、硫代嗎啉基、1,3-二氧戊環基、1,4-二氧雜環己烷基及其類似者。雜環烷基可未經取代或經一或多個合適基團取代。
如本文中所使用,「雜芳基」係指含有至少一個選自氧、硫及氮之雜原子之不飽和、單環、雙環或多環芳族環系統。C5
-C10
雜芳基之實例包括呋喃、噻吩、吲哚、氮雜吲哚、噁唑、噻唑、噻二唑、異噁唑、異噻唑、咪唑、N-甲基咪唑、吡啶、嘧啶、吡嗪、吡咯、N-甲基吡咯、吡唑、N-甲基吡唑、1,3,4-噁二唑、1,2,4-三唑、1-甲基-1,2,4-三唑、1H-四唑、1-甲基四唑、苯并噁唑、苯并噻唑、苯并呋喃、苯并異噁唑、苯并咪唑、N-甲基苯并咪唑、氮雜苯并咪唑、吲唑、喹唑啉、喹啉及異喹啉。雙環雜芳基包括苯基、吡啶、嘧啶或噠嗪環稠合至5或6員單環雜環基環之基團,該5或6員單環雜環基環在環中具有一或兩個氮原子、在環中具有一個氮原子連同一個氧原子或一個硫原子,或具有一個O或S環原子。雜芳基可未經取代或經一或多個合適基團取代。
如本文中所使用,「雜原子」係指硫、氮或氧原子。
如本文中所使用,「視情況經取代或經取代」意謂視情況經取代之基團之至少一個氫原子已經合適取代基取代,該等取代基被例示為但不限於鹵素、硝基、氰基、羥基、側氧基(=O)、硫基(=S)、-N(C1
-C3
烷基)C(O)(C1
-C6
烷基)、-NHC(O)(C1
-C6
烷基)、-NHC(O)(環烷基)、 -NHC(O)(芳基)、-NHC(O)(雜環基)、-NHC(O)(雜芳基)、-NHC(O)H、 -C(O)NH2
、-C(O)NH(C1
-C6
烷基)、-C(O)NH(環烷基)、-C(O)NH(雜環基)、-C(O)NH(雜芳基)、-C(O)N(C1
-C6
烷基)(C1
-C6
烷基)、-S(O)NH (C1
-C6
烷基)、-S(O)2
NH(C1
-C6
烷基)、-S(O)NH(環烷基)、-S(O)2
NH(環烷基)、羧基、-C(O)O(C1
-C6
烷基)、-C(O)(C1
-C6
烷基)、=N-OH、經取代或未經取代之烷基、經取代或未經取代之鹵代烷基、經取代或未經取代之烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之鹵代烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之烯基、經取代或未經取代之炔基、經取代或未經取代之芳基、經取代或未經取代之芳烷基、經取代或未經取代之環烷基、經取代或未經取代之環烯基烷基、經取代或未經取代之環烯基、經取代或未經取代之胺基、經取代或未經取代之雜芳基、經取代或未經取代之雜環基、經取代或未經取代之雜芳基烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜環。
如本文中所使用,「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」意謂一種活性成分,其包含式(I)之化合物,該化合物呈其鹽中之一者之形式,尤其是在此鹽形式相較於早先使用的活性成分之游離形式或活性成分之任何其他鹽形式對活性成分賦予改良之藥物動力學性質的情況下。活性成分之醫藥學上可接受之鹽形式亦可首次向此活性成分提供其早先並不具有的所需藥物動力學性質,且可甚至就其體內治療功效而言對此活性成分之藥物效應動力學有積極影響。
如本文中所使用,術語「個體」及「患者」可互換地使用,且意謂需要治療之哺乳動物,例如伴侶動物(例如,狗、貓及其類似者)、農畜(例如,母牛、豬、馬、綿羊、山羊及其類似者)及實驗室動物(例如,大鼠、小鼠、天竺鼠及其類似者)。典型地,個體為需要治療之人類。
如本文中所使用,術語「治療(treating/treatment)」係指獲得所需藥理及/或生理效果。該效果可為治療性的,其包括部分地或實質上達成以下結果中之一或多者:部分地或完全降低疾病、病症或症候群之程度;改善或改良與病症相關聯之臨床症狀或指標;及延遲、抑制或降低疾病、病症或症候群之進展之可能性。
術語「治療有效量」意謂式(I)之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的量,例如,0.1 mg至1000 mg/kg體重,當向個體投與時,該量產生有益或所需結果,包括臨床結果,亦即,相較於對照物,逆轉、緩解、抑制、降低或減緩了可藉由式(I)之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽治療之疾病或病況之進展,降低了可藉由式(I)之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽治療之疾病或病況或其一或多個症狀之再發的可能性,例如,如藉由臨床症狀所判定。表達「治療有效量」亦涵蓋對增加正常生理功能有效之量。
術語「醫藥學上可接受之載劑」或「醫藥學上可接受之賦形劑」係指不會不利地影響與其一起調配之化合物之藥理活性且對於人類使用亦安全的無毒載劑、稀釋劑、佐劑、媒劑或賦形劑。可用於本發明之組合物中之醫藥學上可接受之載劑包括但不限於:離子交換劑;氧化鋁;硬脂酸鋁;硬脂酸鎂;卵磷脂;血清蛋白質,諸如人類血清白蛋白;緩衝物質,諸如磷酸鹽、甘胺酸、山梨酸、山梨酸鉀;飽和植物脂肪酸、水、鹽或電解質之部分甘油酯混合物,諸如硫酸魚精蛋白;磷酸氫二鈉;磷酸氫鉀;氯化鈉;鋅鹽;膠態二氧化矽;三矽酸鎂;聚乙烯吡咯啶酮;基於纖維素之物質(例如,微晶纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、單水合乳糖、月桂基硫酸鈉及交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉);聚乙二醇;羧甲基纖維素鈉;聚丙烯酸酯;蠟;聚乙烯-聚環氧丙烷-嵌段聚合物;聚乙二醇;及羊毛脂。
醫藥調配物可經調適成用於經由任何所需合適方法進行投與,例如藉由經口(包括頰內或舌下)、經直腸、經鼻、局部(包括經頰、舌下或經皮)、經陰道或非經腸(包括皮下、肌肉內、靜脈內或皮內)方法。此類調配物可使用醫藥技術中已知之所有方法而藉由例如將活性成分與賦形劑或佐劑組合來製備。
經調適成用於經口投與之醫藥調配物可作為分離的單元進行投與,諸如例如膠囊或錠劑;散劑或顆粒劑;水性或非水性液體中之溶液或懸浮液;可食用發泡體或乳油甜點;或水包油液體乳液或油包水液體乳液。
舉例而言,在以錠劑或膠囊形式經口投與之情況下,活性成分組分可與經口、無毒且醫藥學上可接受之惰性賦形劑(諸如例如乙醇、甘油、水及其類似者)組合。散劑係藉由將化合物粉碎至合適精細尺寸且將其與以類似方式粉碎之醫藥賦形劑(諸如例如可食用碳水化合物,諸如例如澱粉或甘露醇)混合來製備。同樣可存在調味劑、防腐劑、分散劑及染料。
膠囊係藉由製備如上文所描述之粉末混合物且用其填充成形的明膠外殼來製造。可將助滑劑及潤滑劑(諸如例如呈固體形式之高度分散矽酸、滑石、硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸鈣或聚乙二醇)在填充操作之前添加至粉末混合物中。可同樣添加崩解劑或增溶劑(諸如例如瓊脂、碳酸鈣或碳酸鈉),以便在已服用膠囊之後改良藥劑之可用性。
此外,視需要或必要時,可同樣將合適黏合劑、潤滑劑及崩解劑以及染料併入至混合物中。合適黏合劑包括:澱粉;明膠;天然糖,諸如例如葡萄糖或β-乳糖;由玉米製成之甜味劑;天然及合成橡膠,諸如例如阿拉伯膠、黃蓍或褐藻酸鈉;羧甲基纖維素;聚乙二醇;蠟;及其類似者。用於此等劑型中之潤滑劑包括油酸鈉、硬脂酸鈉、硬脂酸鎂、苯甲酸鈉、乙酸鈉、氯化鈉及其類似者。崩解劑包括但不限於澱粉、甲基纖維素、瓊脂、膨潤土、三仙膠及其類似者。錠劑係藉由例如製備粉末混合物、粒化或乾式壓製混合物、添加潤滑劑及崩解劑且壓製整個混合物以得到錠劑來調配。粉末混合物係藉由將以合適方式粉碎之化合物與如上文所描述之稀釋劑或鹼混合且視情況與以下各者混合來製備:黏合劑,諸如例如羧甲基纖維素、海藻酸鹽、明膠或聚乙烯吡咯啶酮;溶解阻滯劑,諸如例如石蠟;吸收促進劑,諸如例如四級鹽;及/或吸收劑,諸如例如膨潤土、高嶺土或磷酸二鈣。粉末混合物可藉由用諸如例如糖漿、澱粉糊、阿卡迪亞膠(acadia mucilage)或纖維素或聚合物材料之溶液的黏合劑使粉末混合物潤濕且將粉末混合物壓製通過篩來粒化。作為粒化之替代方案,可使粉末混合物穿過壓錠機,從而得到非均一形狀之團塊,其被分解以形成顆粒。可藉由添加硬脂酸、硬脂酸鹽、滑石或礦物油來潤滑顆粒,以便防止黏著至造錠模具。接著壓製經潤滑之混合物以得到錠劑。活性成分亦可與自由流動之惰性賦形劑組合,且接著被直接壓製以得到錠劑,而無需進行粒化或乾式壓製步驟。可存在由蟲膠密封層、糖或聚合物材料層及光澤蠟層組成之透明或不透明保護層。可將染料添加至此等塗層中,以便能夠區分不同的劑量單位。
諸如例如溶液、糖漿及酏劑之口服液體可以劑量單位之形式被製備,使得給定數量包含預定量之化合物。糖漿可藉由使化合物與合適調味劑溶解於水溶液中來製備,而酏劑係使用無毒醇性媒劑來製備。懸浮液可藉由將化合物分散於無毒媒劑中來調配。可同樣添加以下各者:增溶劑及乳化劑,諸如例如乙氧基化異硬脂醇及聚氧乙烯山梨醇醚;防腐劑;調味添加劑,諸如薄荷油或天然甜味劑或糖精,或其他人工甜味劑;及其類似者。
用於經口投與之劑量單位調配物可視需要而囊封於微膠囊中。調配物亦可被製備成使得延長或延遲釋放,諸如例如藉由將微粒材料包覆或包埋於聚合物、蠟及其類似者中。
由式(I)表示之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽可使用美國專利第9,630,932號中所描述之方法及程序來製備,該美國專利之全文以引用之方式併入本文中。
儘管藉由某些以下實施例來說明本發明,但不應將其認作藉此受到限制;相反地,本發明涵蓋如上文中所揭示之通用領域。可在不脫離其精神及範疇之情況下做出各種修改及實施例。實例 實例 1 藉由化合物 1 對多種人類癌細胞株進行之活體外生長抑制
執行腫瘤細胞株小組篩檢,其旨在鑑別對利用化合物1之DHODH抑制尤其敏感之腫瘤細胞亞群。化合物1由以下結構式表示:
此等細胞株經化合物1治療總計72小時。
如圖1及表1中所示的在72小時治療之後對腫瘤生長率之評估揭露出,細胞株(由圖1中之灰色點描繪)之獨特亞群對化合物1敏感。對化合物1展現高敏感性之大部分細胞株為造血來源,但一些實體腫瘤株亦展現高敏感性(表1)。出於產生圖1之目的,將敏感細胞株定義為展現≥75%最大生長抑制及<1.5 µM之對數GI50
值。在表1中,最大抑制100表示完全生長抑制;最大抑制值>100表示細胞殺滅。
在4天生長檢定中對血紅素譜系之細胞株之擴展小組執行後續篩檢。生長係藉由第0天及第4天之細胞效價Glo量測值評估。如圖2中所示,25%之經篩檢之血紅素株(20/80)對化合物1展現敏感性。使在此後續篩檢中對化合物1中度敏感(被定義為>50%及<75%生長率抑制)或不敏感(被定義為<50%生長率抑制)血紅素株之亞群經受延長生長檢定,以評估增加之治療時間是否調節其敏感性量變曲線。具體而言,此等血紅素株經化合物1以指定濃度預治療三天,且接著再接種於新鮮培養基/藥物中以用於標準4天生長檢定。在治療7天之後,絕大部分經重新測試之血紅素株對化合物1展現強敏感性(表2.圖3及圖4分別顯示經化合物1治療之 THP-1及HT細胞株之4天及7天相對生長曲線)。使用式ln(T96
/T0
)/時間(小時)來計算生長率,且相對於經DMSO治療之細胞進行繪製。鑒於THP-1細胞對AML護理標準藥物阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)之據報導由使活性代謝物Ara-CTP失活之SAMHD1的高表現所致之抗性,在此檢定中THP-1細胞對化合物1之強敏感性備受關注。換言之,THP-1細胞高度表現SAMHD1,其與對阿糖胞苷之抗性機制相關(Schneider等人,Nature Medicine
, 2017, 23(2), 250-254;Herold等人,Cell Cycle
, 2017, 16(11):1029-1038)。然而,在7天檢定中細胞株顯示為對化合物1敏感。因此,化合物1可在治療對標準化學治療劑產生抗性之AML患者時具有特定益處。
表1.經化合物1治療之各種細胞株之GI50
及最大生長抑制。
表2.經化合物1治療之各種血紅素細胞株之4天及7天敏感性。 實例 2 化合物 1 敏感性量變曲線相對於阿糖胞苷及小紅莓敏感性量變曲線之比較
將化合物1相對於血紅素株之亞群之敏感性量變曲線與用作血紅素惡性病中之標準護理(SOC)的其他藥劑的敏感性量變曲線進行比較。化合物1顯示與阿糖胞苷(圖5B)及小紅莓(圖5C)敏感性量變曲線不同之敏感性量變曲線(圖5A),藉此表明化合物1之作用機制不同於阿糖胞苷及小紅莓之作用機制。實例 3 藉由化合物 1 對雙重打擊瀰漫性大 B 細胞淋巴瘤人類癌細胞株進行之活體外生長抑制
已發現,分類為雙重打擊DLBCL之三種來源於患者的DLBCL淋巴瘤細胞株,亦即,OCILY18、SC-1及CARNAVAL,在96小時生長檢定(圖6)中對藉由化合物1進行之抑制高度敏感。實例 4 化合物 1 在來源於患者之雙重打擊 DLBCL 異種移植模型中有效阻斷腫瘤生長
在OCILY-19雙重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)異種移植模型中對於化合物1觀測到活體內腫瘤生長之強阻斷。將7 × 106
OCILY-19細胞皮下植入至CB17 SCID小鼠中。一旦腫瘤達到約150 mm3
之平均值,小鼠(n = 15至18隻/組)就經媒劑或化合物1以指定劑量/頻率治療。在最後一次劑量後之指定時間點收集組織以用於PK及生物標記分析。
路徑調節及腫瘤生長抑制之程度被證明為具劑量及計劃依賴性(圖7A)。100 mg/kg每天兩次給藥方案相較於10 mg/kg及30 mg/kg每天兩次劑量組產生優良的功效,且此與腫瘤DHO之較大增加(圖7C)以及總腫瘤尿苷池之減少(圖7D)相關。200 mg/kg每天一次方案相比於100 mg/kg每天兩次給藥方案較不有效,此係由化合物1在小鼠中之短半衰期所致,從而在每天一次給藥之情況下產生較低谷值藥物濃度(參見圖7B)。實例 5 化合物 1 在來源於患者之 DLBCL 三重打擊 DLBCL 異種移植模型中有效阻斷腫瘤生長
將化合物1在來源於患者之三重打擊DLBCL異種移植模型(DLBCL_1)中的功效評估為對血液來源之PDX模型中之敏感性的較大篩檢之部分。攜帶腫瘤之小鼠(n = 3隻/組)經媒劑或化合物1以100 mg/kg每天兩次經口治療。
如圖8中所示,在所測試之DLBCL_1模型中觀測到化合物1之>70% TGI的抗腫瘤活性。
圖1顯示一組約400種生血細胞來源及非生血細胞來源之人類癌症株對藉由本發明之化合物1之生長抑制的敏感性。
圖2顯示額外組血紅素譜系之人類癌症株對藉由本發明之化合物1之生長抑制的敏感性。
圖3顯示經化合物1治療之THP-1細胞株之4天及7天相對生長曲線。
圖4顯示經化合物1治療之HT細胞株之4天及7天相對生長曲線。
圖5A顯示MV411、Kasumi-1、THP-1、DB、Toledo及WSU-DLCL2細胞株對化合物1之不同濃度的相對生長率對濃度敏感性量變曲線。
圖5B顯示MV411、Kasumi-1、THP-1、DB、Toledo及WSU-DLCL2細胞株對阿糖胞苷之不同濃度的相對生長率對濃度敏感性量變曲線。
圖5C顯示MV411、Kasumi-1、THP-1、DB、Toledo及WSU-DLCL2細胞株對小紅莓之不同濃度的相對生長率對濃度敏感性量變曲線。
圖6為顯示經各種濃度之化合物1治療96小時之OCILY18、SC-1及CARNAVAL雙重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)細胞株的相對生長率的曲線。
圖7A顯示未經治療(媒劑)或以下情形時之CB17 SCID小鼠中的OCILY-19雙重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)腫瘤生長曲線:每天兩次經10 mg/kg之化合物1治療;每天兩次經30 mg/kg之化合物1治療;每天兩次經100 mg/kg之化合物1治療;及每天一次經200 mg/kg之化合物1治療,其全部量測於14天之時程內。
圖7B顯示以針對圖7A所描述之劑量投與的化合物1在CB17 SCID小鼠之血漿中在研究結束時最後一次劑量之後的指定時間點處之藥物動力學量變曲線。
圖7C顯示在研究結束時最後一次劑量之後的12小時之時程內所量測之未經治療(媒劑) OCILY-19腫瘤及經指定劑量之化合物1治療之腫瘤中的DHO水準。
圖7D顯示在研究結束時最後一次劑量之後的12小時之時程內所量測之未經治療(媒劑) OCILY-19腫瘤及經指定劑量之化合物1治療之腫瘤中的尿苷水準。
圖8顯示在未經治療(媒劑)或每天兩次經100 mg/kg之化合物1治療時,在CB17 SCID小鼠中來源於患者之DLBCL_1 (三重打擊DLBCL)腫瘤生長曲線。
Claims (20)
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為抗化學療法性急性骨髓白血病。
- 如請求項2之用途,其中該抗化學療法性急性骨髓白血病為抗阿糖胞苷性急性骨髓白血病。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為急性單核細胞性白血病。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為瀰漫性混合細胞淋巴瘤。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為骨髓發育不良症候群。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為原發性滲出性淋巴瘤。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為紅白血病。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為慢性骨髓性白血病。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為慢性單核細胞性白血病。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為雙重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤。
- 如請求項11之用途,其中該雙重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤之特徵為c-MYC及BCL2處之基因改變。
- 如請求項11之用途,其中雙重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤之特徵為c-MYC及BCL6處之基因改變。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為三重打擊瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為膽道癌或肝胰管壺腹癌。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為非小細胞肺癌。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為支氣管肺泡癌。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為肝癌。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為卵巢癌。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該癌症為上呼吸消化道癌。
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KR20200123137A (ko) | 2020-10-28 |
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EP3755324A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
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CN111757731B (zh) | 2024-06-25 |
MA51897A (fr) | 2020-12-30 |
US20240148697A1 (en) | 2024-05-09 |
BR112020016929A2 (pt) | 2020-12-15 |
US11717512B2 (en) | 2023-08-08 |
JP2021514395A (ja) | 2021-06-10 |
BR112020016929A8 (pt) | 2022-06-28 |
TW201938543A (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
CA3091792A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 |
AU2019223906A1 (en) | 2020-09-10 |
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