WO2019161704A1 - 发声器 - Google Patents

发声器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019161704A1
WO2019161704A1 PCT/CN2018/123301 CN2018123301W WO2019161704A1 WO 2019161704 A1 WO2019161704 A1 WO 2019161704A1 CN 2018123301 W CN2018123301 W CN 2018123301W WO 2019161704 A1 WO2019161704 A1 WO 2019161704A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic circuit
lower cover
hole
circuit system
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/123301
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵国栋
李培俊
姬雅倩
韩志磊
Original Assignee
歌尔股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 歌尔股份有限公司 filed Critical 歌尔股份有限公司
Priority to US16/975,772 priority Critical patent/US11317218B2/en
Publication of WO2019161704A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019161704A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R15/00—Magnetostrictive transducers
    • H04R15/02—Resonant transducers, i.e. adapted to produce maximum output at a predetermined frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/021—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein incorporating only one transducer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2803—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/18—Resonant transducers, i.e. adapted to produce maximum output at a predetermined frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/02—Details casings, cabinets or mounting therein for transducers covered by H04R1/02 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/029—Manufacturing aspects of enclosures transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of sounding devices.
  • Sounding devices are important components in electronic products that convert electrical signals into acoustic signals.
  • the development trend of electronic products is getting thinner and thinner, and in order to realize more functions, more and more components in electronic products are bound to make space for sounding devices smaller and smaller, and electronic products are paying more and more attention.
  • the user's music experience therefore requires the sound device to have better sound quality.
  • the sounding device of the prior art installs the sounder in a box having a volume
  • the sounder includes a housing and a magnetic circuit system and a vibration system housed in the housing, the sounder and the cabinet
  • the rear cavity is formed, and the larger the back cavity space, the lower the low frequency resonance frequency of the product, so the low frequency performance of the product is improved.
  • the prior art sounding device is generally configured such that the housing has a receiving cavity for accommodating the sounder and a rear cavity at the side of the sounder, and the rear cavity is formed on the side of the sounder to obtain the largest possible back cavity volume, but also As a result, the entire sounding device occupies a large space in the horizontal direction, which is disadvantageous for miniaturization of the product.
  • the shape of the rear cavity is irregular, the airflow entering the rear cavity by the sounder is not stable enough, and the problems of polarization, distortion, etc. are easily caused, and the acoustic effect is not ideal.
  • the volume of the sounding device of the existing structure is made small, the volume of the rear cavity of the sounding device is inevitably reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a sounding device of a novel structure, which has a small volume and can have better performance to meet the development needs of electronic products.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a sounder to meet the small volume requirement and also has better performance.
  • the present invention also provides a sounder comprising a housing, a vibration system and a magnetic circuit system; wherein the housing sequentially houses the vibration system and the magnetic circuit system from top to bottom; the magnetic circuit system a magnetic yoke and a central magnetic circuit portion and a side magnetic circuit portion mounted on an upper surface of the yoke, a magnetic gap is formed between the central magnetic circuit portion and the side magnetic circuit portion, the central magnetic circuit portion And at least one of the side magnetic circuit portions is provided with a permanent magnet; the magnetic circuit system is provided with a rear sound hole; and a rear cavity communicating with the rear sound hole is disposed directly under the magnetic circuit system;
  • the housing further includes a lower cover plate at a bottom of the sounder, the lower cover plate is for closing the rear cavity; the magnetic yoke is provided with at least one support extending toward the lower cover plate foot.
  • the yoke is rectangular, and a corner position of the yoke is provided with a first rear sound hole communicating with the magnetic gap and the back cavity; the rear sound hole includes the first After the sound hole.
  • the central magnetic circuit portion includes a central magnet and a central magnetic conductive plate disposed on a top surface of the central magnet; and the central magnetic circuit portion is disposed on the magnetic circuit system to sequentially penetrate the magnetic conductive a through hole of the yoke and the central magnet as a part of the rear cavity, the central magnetic conductive plate is provided with a second rear sound hole communicating with the through hole; the rear sound hole includes the second Rear sound hole.
  • the through hole is formed by the yoke center hole and the center magnet center hole, and the support leg is disposed at a peripheral position of the yoke center hole.
  • the support leg is stamped from a material at the center hole of the yoke before the opening of the yoke.
  • the lower cover is made of metal.
  • the housing comprises a straight-type housing body portion that is open at both ends, the housing body portion houses the vibration system and the magnetic circuit system;
  • the vibration system includes a diaphragm and a fixing a voice coil under the diaphragm, the diaphragm is fixed on an end surface of the first end opening of the housing body portion; the voice coil is suspended in the magnetic gap;
  • the housing body portion A first portion corresponding to the vibration system and the magnetic circuit system, and a second portion extending integrally downward from the first portion beyond the bottom surface of the magnetic circuit system;
  • the lower cover is mounted to the housing body
  • the second end opening of the portion forms the rear cavity between the second portion of the housing body portion, the bottom surface of the magnetic circuit system and the lower cover.
  • an outer side of the magnetic circuit system is disposed adjacent to an inner wall of the housing body portion.
  • the housing has a rectangular structure.
  • the lower cover is in a flat shape; or the lower cover is a bowl-shaped structure having a bottom wall and a side wall.
  • the lower cover plate is made of metal; the inner side of the end surface of the second end opening of the casing main body portion has a concave second step end surface, and the second step end surface has a bottom for mounting the lower portion a top surface and a side surface of the cover plate; the lower cover plate has a flat shape, and an edge of the lower cover plate is provided with a recessed portion that is recessed toward the rear cavity direction, and the recessed portion abuts on the second step end surface Forming a first adhesive tank between the top surface and the side surface of the second step end surface, and applying the glue in the first plastic tank to fix the lower cover plate to the housing body portion; or
  • the bottom cover is a bowl-like structure having a bottom wall and a side wall, and an end of the side wall of the lower cover is bent outward to be provided with a mounting edge, and the mounting edge abuts the second a second adhesive tank is formed between the top surface of the step end surface and the side surface of the second step end surface, and the lower cover plate is fixed
  • a ventilation barrier is disposed on the rear sound hole, and the rear cavity is filled with a sound absorbing material.
  • the housing sequentially houses the fixed vibration system and the magnetic circuit system from top to bottom, and the rear cavity located directly below the magnetic circuit system is closed by the lower cover of the housing, compared to the existing
  • the invention directly forms a sufficiently large rear cavity space by the lower end portion of the sound generator and directly under the magnetic circuit system. Firstly, there is no need to additionally configure the box structure forming the rear cavity, so it does not increase in the horizontal direction. Taking up space, the peripheral area of the sounder housing determines the size of the entire sounding device in the electronic product, which contributes to the miniaturization of the product, and can take into account the volume of the magnetic circuit system and the back cavity on the basis of miniaturization.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sound generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded view of a sounder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic cross-sectional view of a sounder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a top surface angle of a sounder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a sounder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a bottom angle of a sound generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic exploded view of a sounder when the metal piece is an independent component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sounder according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic exploded view of the sounder when the lower cover and the metal piece are integrally formed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sound generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the housing 10, the vibration system 20 and the magnetic circuit system 30 are included; wherein the housing 10 sequentially houses the vibration system 20 and the magnetic circuit system 30 from top to bottom;
  • the magnetic circuit system 30 includes a yoke 31 and a central magnetic circuit portion 301 and a side magnetic circuit portion 302 mounted on an upper surface of the yoke 31, and a magnetic gap is formed between the central magnetic circuit portion 301 and the side magnetic circuit portion 302.
  • At least one of the central magnetic circuit portion 301 and the side magnetic circuit portion 302 is provided with a permanent magnet; the magnetic circuit system 30 is provided with a rear acoustic hole 40; and is located directly below the magnetic circuit system 30.
  • the rear sound cavity 40 communicates with the rear cavity 60; the housing 10 further includes a lower cover 50 at the bottom of the sounder, the lower cover 50 is used to close the rear cavity 60;
  • the yoke 31 is provided with at least one support leg 310 extending in the direction of the lower cover 50.
  • the housing sequentially houses the fixed vibration system and the magnetic circuit system from top to bottom, and the rear cavity located directly below the magnetic circuit system is closed by the lower cover of the housing, compared to the existing
  • the invention directly forms a sufficiently large rear cavity space by the lower end portion of the sound generator and directly under the magnetic circuit system. Firstly, there is no need to additionally configure the box structure forming the rear cavity, so it does not increase in the horizontal direction. Taking up space, the peripheral area of the sounder housing determines the size of the entire sounding device in the electronic product, which contributes to the miniaturization of the product, and can take into account the volume of the magnetic circuit system and the back cavity on the basis of miniaturization.
  • the supporting leg extending in the direction of the ferrule toward the lower cover plate limits the shape variable generated by the force of the lower cover plate to a certain extent, preventing the sound generator from being severely deformed by the pressure and affecting the sound generation. Normal use of the device.
  • the housing 10 includes a side wall, and a metal piece 200 for shielding magnetic flux leakage is disposed on a sidewall of the housing 10 to avoid magnetic leakage of the magnetic circuit system to an external circuit. Impact.
  • the metal piece 200 may be disposed in one of the following manners:
  • Method 1 As shown in FIG. 1, the metal piece 200 is a separate component, and the metal piece 200 is injection molded and fixed on the side wall of the casing 10.
  • the lower cover 50 is made of metal, and the metal piece 200 is integrally provided with the lower cover 50, and the metal piece 200 is edged by the lower cover 50. Extending upwardly, the metal sheet 200 is fixed to the side wall of the casing 10.
  • the metal piece 200 may be bonded to the side wall of the casing 10 by a colloid, or a groove 201 may be disposed at a position corresponding to the metal piece 200 on the side wall of the casing 10 (eg, As shown in FIG. 10, the metal piece 200 is embedded in the groove 201 and fixed to the bottom of the groove 201.
  • the integrally formed lower cover 50 and the metal piece 200 not only achieve sealing of the rear chamber 60 but also shield against magnetic flux leakage.
  • the metal piece 200 includes a main body portion 2001 fixed to a side wall of the casing 10, and at least an end portion of the main body portion 2001 is bent outwardly and extended.
  • a fixing portion 2002 is provided with a positioning hole 300 (as shown in FIGS. 8 and 10) on the fixing portion 2002.
  • the positioning of the speaker module in the electronic device can be realized not only by the positioning hole 300 on the fixing portion 2002, but also the speaker module and the electronic device can be fixed by the positioning hole 300.
  • the positioning hole 300 includes, but is not limited to, a screw hole, and the speaker module is fixed to the electronic device by a screw.
  • the fixing portions 2002 are two.
  • the yoke 31 is rectangular, and the corner position of the yoke 31 is provided with a communication with the magnetic gap and the rear cavity 60.
  • the four corners of the yoke 31 are each provided with a notch; the corner of the yoke 31 is located at a position close to the edge of the notch and is connected to the magnetic gap and the rear cavity 60.
  • the first rear sound hole 401 is provided.
  • the central magnetic circuit portion 301 includes a center magnet 32 and a central magnetic conductive plate 33 disposed on a top surface of the central magnet 32; and the magnetic circuit is located at the central magnetic circuit portion 301.
  • the system 30 is provided with a through hole penetrating through the yoke 31 and the center magnet 32 in sequence as a part of the rear cavity 60, and the central magnetic conductive plate 33 is provided with a communication line with the through hole.
  • the second rear sound hole 402; the rear sound hole 40 includes the second rear sound hole 402.
  • the present embodiment is provided with a yoke 31 and a center on the center magnetic conductive plate 33.
  • a second rear sound hole 402 communicating with the through hole on the magnet 32 serves as a fifth rear sound hole.
  • the four first rear sound holes 401 and the second rear sound holes 402 together form a rear sound hole 40 disposed on the magnetic circuit system.
  • the fifth rear sound hole can not only play the role of expanding the cavity 60, but also solve the problem that the vibration system of the miniaturized device has a small distance between the vibration system and the magnetic circuit, and the vibration resistance of the vibration system becomes large, which makes the stability of the vibration system worse. .
  • the central region of the central magnet 32 contributes less to the BL of the sounder (a parameter that measures the strength of the drive system in the sounder) than the boundary region, and therefore, in the case where the volume of the rear cavity 60 is limited, the central magnet 32 is used.
  • the central area is hollowed out to increase the volume of the rear cavity, which helps to improve the performance of the product.
  • the area in which the center magnet 32 is hollowed out has little effect on the BL value of the magnetic circuit system 30, it is somewhat influential. If the hollowed out area of the center magnet 32 is too large, its effect on the BL value of the magnetic circuit system 30 cannot be ignored. If the knockout area is too large, the smaller the BL value of the magnetic circuit system 30, the lower the performance of the product.
  • the opening volume of the central magnet should satisfy that the ratio of the opening volume of the central magnet 32 to the volume of the central magnet 32 before the opening is less than or equal to 35%, and further can be controlled at 5 Within the range of %-30%.
  • the through hole is formed by a central hole of the yoke 31 and a central hole of the central magnet 32, and the support leg 310 is disposed at a periphery of the central hole of the yoke 31 .
  • the support leg 310 is disposed at a position around the center hole of the yoke 31, which can effectively prevent the lower cover 50 from being subjected to a large deformation force.
  • the support leg 310 may be a separate component and fixed to the yoke 31 by soldering or pasting; or the support leg 310 and the yoke 31 are integrally formed, specifically, as shown in FIG.
  • the support leg 310 is formed by stamping the material at the center hole of the yoke 31 before the opening of the yoke 31, and the support leg structure formed by stamping is firm and the manufacturing process is simple.
  • the lower cover 50 can be made of metal, and the metal material can be made thinner and takes up less space.
  • the housing 10 includes a straight-type housing body portion that is open at both ends, and the housing body portion houses and fixes the vibration system 20 and the magnetic circuit system.
  • the vibration system 20 includes a diaphragm 21 and a voice coil 22 fixed under the diaphragm 21, and the diaphragm 21 is fixed to an end surface of the first end opening of the housing body portion; a ring 22 is suspended in the magnetic gap;
  • the housing body portion includes a first portion 1001 corresponding to the vibration system 20 and the magnetic circuit system 30, and extends integrally from the first portion 1001 beyond the a second portion 1002 of the bottom surface of the magnetic circuit system 30;
  • the lower cover 50 is mounted at the second end opening of the housing body portion, the second portion 1002 of the housing body portion, and the magnetic circuit system 30
  • the rear cavity is formed between the bottom surface and the lower cover 50.
  • the outer side of the magnetic circuit system 30 is placed against the inner wall of the housing main body portion. Specifically, the outer side of the side magnetic circuit portion 302 is placed against the inner wall of the casing main body portion. Further, the circumferential side of the yoke 31 and the inner wall of the casing main body are also disposed in contact with each other.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention directly forms a sufficiently large rear cavity space by the lower end portion of the housing of the sounder, and does not need to additionally configure the box structure forming the rear cavity, so it is not horizontal.
  • the space is increased in the direction, and the peripheral area of the sound generator housing determines the size of the entire sounding device in the electronic product, which contributes to miniaturization of the product, and can take into consideration the volume of the magnetic circuit system on the basis of miniaturization.
  • the back cavity volume to ensure the acoustic performance secondly, the rear cavity is disposed under the vibration system and the magnetic circuit system, the shape of the rear cavity is regular, and the distance from the rear sound hole is close, which is larger than the prior art.
  • the rear cavity volume can achieve a better acoustic effect; and the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the invention only extends the design of the sounder housing, has a simple structure, and does not require the sounder and the box or the box structure. The assembly between them can simplify the manufacturing process and installation process and provide production efficiency.
  • FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are schematic diagrams showing the outer contour of an implementation form of the sound generator provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the housing 10 of the sound generator provided in this embodiment may have a rectangular structure.
  • the sound generator using the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be prepared into a size of a plane size of (6-30) mm*(8-30) mm, and then after being provided with a capacity expansion effect on the magnetic circuit system. The way of the sound hole achieves the purpose of reducing the height dimension of the sounder.
  • the lower cover plate has a flat shape (not shown); or, as shown in FIG. 3, the lower cover 50 is a bowl-like structure having a bottom wall 501 and a side wall 502.
  • the lower cover 50 of the bowl structure has higher strength and takes up less space, and the presence of the side wall 502 forms a part of the rear cavity space, so the shell
  • the height of the body 10 can be reduced, and the problem that the excessively high plastic casing needs to increase the wall thickness to ensure the overall structural strength and thus the space occupation is more advantageous for miniaturization of the product.
  • connection with the second end opening of the housing main body portion can be achieved in the following two ways.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following connection manners.
  • the inner side of the end surface of the second end opening of the casing main body portion has a recessed second step end surface 12, and the second step end surface 12 has a top surface 121 and a side surface for mounting the lower cover 50.
  • the lower cover 50 is a flat plate (not shown), and the edge of the lower cover 50 is provided with a recessed portion that is recessed toward the rear cavity 60, and the recessed portion abuts against the top surface 121 of the second step end surface and is second
  • a first plastic tank is formed between the side surfaces 122 of the step end surface 12, and the lower cover 50 is fixed to the main body portion of the casing by applying glue in the first plastic tank.
  • the lower cover 50 is a bowl-like structure having a bottom wall 501 and a side wall 502, and the end of the side wall 502 of the lower cover 50 is bent outward to be provided with a mounting edge 503.
  • the mounting edge 503 abuts against the top surface 121 of the second step end surface 12 and forms a second adhesive groove 504 between the second step end surface 12 and the second surface of the second step end surface 12, and the lower cover is glued in the second adhesive groove 504. 50 is fixed to the main body of the housing.
  • the periphery of the lower cover 50 is injection molded with a plastic edge (not shown), and the plastic edge is ultrasonically welded to the second end opening of the main body portion of the housing.
  • the rear sound hole 40 is provided with a gas permeable spacer 80, and the rear chamber 60 is filled with a sound absorbing material.
  • the sound absorbing material may be a zeolitic material, an activated carbon material, or other materials having a expansion effect, which is not limited in this patent.
  • the venting spacer 80 is a mesh that allows air to pass through and does not allow the sound absorbing material to pass through, and is used to isolate the sound absorbing material from entering the magnetic circuit system. Filling the sound absorbing material in the back cavity can further increase the volume of the back cavity, which helps to improve the performance of the sounder.
  • the ventilation chamber 80 is directly disposed on the rear sound hole 40, and the rear cavity space can be used for filling the sound absorbing material, thereby increasing the filling amount of the sound absorbing material and achieving a better expansion effect.
  • the second rear sound hole 402 is located at the center of the magnetic circuit system, and the through hole position can be increased. The contact rate between the sound absorbing material and the air is achieved to achieve the best expansion effect.
  • the sound generator provided by the embodiment of the present invention may further include: a centering piece 400 disposed between the diaphragm 21 and the voice coil 22 as shown in FIG. 2, and a diaphragm 20 disposed away from the magnetic circuit system The reinforcing portion 23 on the 30 side; the reinforcing portion 23 is fixed to the diaphragm 21 as shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the housing 10 further includes an upper cover plate 70 disposed above the diaphragm film 21 , and the upper cover plate 70 can be ultrasonically welded to the housing body. The first end of the department.
  • a filling hole 51 for filling a sound absorbing material is opened on the lower cover 50, and a cover sheet 52 is provided on the filling hole 51.
  • the cover sheet 52 can be directly a gas-tight hard sheet and only serves to block the sound absorbing material.
  • the cover sheet 52 may further be provided with a venting micro hole for allowing air to pass through and not allowing the sound absorbing material to pass through; or the cover piece 52 is further provided with a leakage hole and covered on the leakage hole.
  • a damping net 53 (shown in Figure 2) that allows air to pass through and does not allow sound absorbing material to pass.
  • the filling hole 51 serve as a back cavity leakage hole, which can be used to balance the air pressure inside and outside the sounder. Further, the size of the acoustic resistance can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the venting micropores or adjusting the size of the mesh of the damper mesh.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种发声器，包括壳体、振动系统和磁路系统；其中，所述壳体由上到下依次收容固定所述振动系统和所述磁路系统；所述磁路系统包括导磁轭和安装于所述导磁轭上表面的中心磁路部分和边磁路部分，所述中心磁路部分和所述边磁路部分之间形成磁间隙，所述中心磁路部分和所述边磁路部分中的至少一个设有永磁体；所述磁路系统上设有后声孔；位于所述磁路系统的正下方设有与所述后声孔连通的后腔；所述壳体还包括位于所述发声器底部的下盖板，所述下盖板用于封闭所述后腔；所述导磁轭上设有朝向所述下盖板方向延伸的至少一个支撑脚。本发明提供的技术方案有助于实现产品的小型化。

Description

发声器 技术领域
本发明涉及发声装置技术领域。
背景技术
发声装置是电子产品中重要的元器件，用于将电信号转变成声信号。电子产品的发展趋势是越来越薄，且为了实现更多的功能，电子产品中的元器件越来越多，势必给发声装置预留的空间越来越小，且电子产品越来越注重用户的音乐体验，因此要求发声装置具有更好的音质。
为了提升音乐体验效果，现有技术中的发声装置将发声器安装在一个具有容积的箱体中，发声器包括壳体和收容固定于壳体内的磁路系统和振动系统，发声器与箱体之间形成后腔，后腔空间越大，则产品的低频谐振频率越低，因此产品的低频性能得到提升。现有技术的发声装置通常结构是，箱体具有收容发声器的收容腔以及位于发声器侧面的后腔，将后腔成型在发声器的侧面可以获得尽可能大的后腔体积，但同时也导致了整个发声装置在水平方向占据的空间较大，不利于产品的小型化。
并且，现有技术中的发声装置，后腔形状不规则，由发声器进入后腔的气流不够稳定，易造成偏振、失真等问题，声学效果不够理想。
若将现有结构的发声装置体积变小，势必会减小发声装置后腔体积。因此，需要提供一种新型结构的发声装置，具有小体积的同时还能具有较好的性能，以满足电子产品的发展需求。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种发声器，以满足小体积要求的同时还能具有较好的性能。
本发明还提供了一种发声器，包括壳体、振动系统和磁路系统；其中，所述壳体由上到下依次收容固定所述振动系统和所述磁路系统；所述磁路系统包括导磁轭和安装于所述导磁轭上表面的中心磁路部分和边磁路部分，所述中心磁路部分和所述边磁路部分之间形成磁间隙，所述中心磁路部分和所述边磁路部分中的至少一个设有永磁体；所述磁路系统上设有后声孔；位于所述磁路系统的正下方设有与所述后声孔连通的后腔；所述壳体还包括位于所述发声器底部的下盖板，所述下盖板用于封闭所述后腔；所述导磁轭上设有朝向所述下盖板方向延伸的至少一个支撑脚。
可选地，所述导磁轭为矩形，所述导磁轭的角部位置设有与所述磁间隙和所述后腔连通的第一后声孔；所述后声孔包括所述第一后声孔。
可选地，所述中心磁路部分包括中心磁铁和设于所述中心磁铁顶面的中心导磁板；位于所述中心磁路部分，所述磁路系统上设有依次贯穿所述导磁轭和所述中心磁铁的通孔作为所述后腔的一部分，所述中心导磁板上设有与所述通孔相连通的第二后声孔；所述后声孔包括所述第二后声孔。
可选地，所述通孔由所述导磁轭中心孔和所述中心磁铁中心孔构成，所述支撑脚设于所述导磁轭中心孔的周边位置。
可选地，所述支撑脚由所述导磁轭开孔前位于所述导磁轭中心孔处的物料冲压形成。
可选地，所述支撑脚与所述下盖板之间具有间隙。
可选地，所述下盖板为金属制成。
可选地，所述壳体包括两端开口的、直筒型的壳体主体部，所述壳体主体部收容固定所述振动系统和所述磁路系统；所述振动系统包括振膜和固定于所述振膜下方的音圈，所述振膜固定于所述壳体主体部的第一端开口的端面上；所述音圈悬设在所述磁间隙中；所述壳体主体部包括对应所述振动系统和所述磁路系统的第一部分，以及由所述第一部分一体向下延伸超出所述磁路系统底面的第二部分；所述下盖板安装在所述壳体主体部的第二端开口处，所述壳体主体部的第二部分、所述磁路系统的底面与所述下盖板之间形成所述后腔。
可选地，所述磁路系统的外侧与所述壳体主体部的内壁贴靠设置。
可选地，所述壳体为矩形结构。
可选地，所述下盖板为平板状；或者，所述下盖板为具有底壁和侧壁的碗状结构。
可选地，所述下盖板为金属制成；所述壳体主体部的第二端开口的端面的内侧具有凹陷的第二台阶端面，所述第二台阶端面具有用于安装所述下盖板的顶面和侧面；所述下盖板为平板状，所述下盖板的边缘设有朝向所述后腔方向凹陷的凹陷部，所述凹陷部抵接在所述第二台阶端面的顶面并且与所述第二台阶端面的侧面之间形成第一容胶槽，在所述第一容胶槽内涂胶将所述下盖板固定在所述壳体主体部上；或者，所述下盖板为具有底壁和侧壁的碗状结构，所述下盖板的侧壁的端部向外侧弯折设有安装边缘，所述安装边缘抵接在所述第二台阶端面的顶面并且与所述第二台阶端面的侧面之间形成第二容胶槽，在所述第二容胶槽内涂胶将所述下盖板固定在所述壳体主体部上；或者所述下盖板的周边注塑有塑料边缘，所述塑料边缘与所述壳体主体部的所述第二端开口处超声焊接。
可选地，所述后声孔上设有透气隔离件，所述后腔中填充有吸音材料。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案中，壳体由上到下依次收容固定振动系统和磁路系统，且位于磁路系统正下方的后腔通过壳体的下盖板封闭，相比于现有技术，本发明由发声器的下端部分且位于磁路系统的正下方空间直接形成足够大的后腔空间，首先，不需要额外配置形成后腔的箱体结构，因此不会在水平方向上增加占用空间，发声器壳体的外围面积即决定了整个发声装置在电子产品中的占用空间大小，有助于实现产品的小型化，并且在小型化基础上能够兼顾磁路系统的体积以及后腔体积，进而保证声学性能；其次，在磁路系统的正下方设置后腔，后腔形状规则，与后声孔的距离近，相比于现有技术，同样大的后腔体积，能够实现更好的声学效果。另外，在导磁轭上朝向下盖板方向延伸设置的支撑脚，可防止下盖板受压过度变形。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
构成说明书的一部分的附图描述了本发明的实施例，并且连同说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本发明一实施例提供的发声器的剖面示意图；
图2是本发明一实施例提供的发声器的爆炸示意图；
图3是本发明一实施例提供的发声器的又一剖面示意图；
图4是本发明一实施例提供的发声器的顶面角度示意图；
图5是本发明一实施例提供的发声器的侧面角度示意图；
图6是本发明一实施例提供的发声器的底面角度示意图；
图7为图3的局部放大示意图；
图8是本发明一实施例提供的金属片为独立部件时的发声器的爆炸示意图；
图9是本发明又一实施例提供的发声器的剖面示意图；
图10是本发明一实施例提供的下盖板和金属片为一体结构时发声器的爆炸示意图。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。应注意到： 相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
图1为本发明一实施例提供的发声器的剖面示意图。如图1所示，包括壳体10、振动系统20和磁路系统30；其中，壳体10由上到下依次收容固定所述振动系统20和所述磁路系统30；所述磁路系统30包括导磁轭31和安装于所述导磁轭31上表面的中心磁路部分301和边磁路部分302，所述中心磁路部分301和边磁路部分302之间形成磁间隙，所述中心磁路部分301和所述边磁路部分302中的至少一个设有永磁体；所述磁路系统30上设有后声孔40；位于所述磁路系统30的正下方设有与所述后声孔40连通的后腔60；所述壳体10还包括位于所述发声器底部的下盖板50，所述下盖板50用于封闭所述后腔60；所述导磁轭31上设有朝向所述下盖板50方向延伸的至少一个支撑脚310。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案中，壳体由上到下依次收容固定振动系统和磁路系统，且位于磁路系统正下方的后腔通过壳体的下盖板封闭，相比于现有技术，本发明由发声器的下端部分且位于磁路系统的正下方空间直接形成足够大的后腔空间，首先，不需要额外配置形成后腔的箱体结构，因此不会在水平方向上增加占用空间，发声器壳体的外围面积即决定了整个发声装置在电子产品中的占用空间大小，有助于实现产品的小型化，并且在小型化基础上能够兼顾磁路系统的体积以及后腔体积，进而保证声学性能；其次，在磁路系统的正下方设置后腔，后腔形状规则，与后声孔的距离近，相比于现有技术，同样大的后腔体积，能够实现更好的声学效果。另外，在导磁轭上朝向下盖板方向延伸设置的支撑脚，可防止下盖板受压过度变形。
需要说明的是，发声器在与电子设备端组装时，会施加一定的压力在发声器下盖板上，使发声器与电子设备端(例如：手机端)完成密封。本发明提供的技术方案中，在导磁轭朝向下盖板方向延伸设置的支撑脚在一定程度上限制了下盖板受力产生的形变量，防止发声器受压力产生严重的形变，影响发声器的正常使用。
进一步的，如图1所示，所述壳体10包括侧壁，在所述壳体10的侧壁上设有用于屏蔽漏磁的金属片200，以避免磁路系统的漏磁对外部电路的影响。
具体实施时，可采用如下方式中的一种来设置上述金属片200：
方法一、如图1所示，金属片200为独立部件，金属片200注塑固定在壳体10侧壁上。
方法二、如图9和图10所示，所述下盖板50为金属制成，金属片200与所述下盖板50一体设置，所述金属片200由所述下盖板50的边缘向上弯折延伸形成，所述金属片200固定在所述壳体10的侧壁上。
在上述方法二中，金属片200可通过胶体结合于所述壳体10侧壁上，或者，在所述壳体10侧壁上与所述金属片200对应的位置设有凹槽201(如图10所示)，所述金属片200嵌入所述凹槽201内与所述凹槽201的底部固定。一体成型的下盖板50和金属片200不仅实现了对后腔60的密封，还实现了对漏磁的屏蔽。
进一步的，如图3、图9所示，所述金属片200包括固定在所述壳体10侧壁上的主体部分2001，以及由所述主体部分2001的端部向外弯折延伸的至少一个固定部2002，在所述固定部2002上设有定位孔300(如图8和图10所示)。通过固定部2002上的定位孔300不仅可以实现扬声器模组在电子设备中的定位，还可通过定位孔300将扬声器模组与电子设备固定。定位孔300包括但不限于螺丝孔，通过螺丝将扬声器模组固定于电子设备上。如图4所示，所述固定部2002为两个。
在一种可实现的方案中，如图2所示，所述导磁轭31为矩形，所述导磁轭31的角部位置设有与所述磁间隙和所述后腔60连通的第一后声孔401；所述后声孔40包括所述第一后声孔401。更具体的，如图2所示，导磁轭31的四个角部均设有缺口；导磁轭31的角部位置，且靠近缺口边缘的位置处设有与磁间隙和后腔60连通的第一后声孔401。
为了进一步增大后腔体积以提高发声器声学特性，本发明又一实施例提出在磁路系统上开设通孔，将所述通孔作为所述后腔的一部分以增大后腔体积。具体地，如图1所示，所述中心磁路部分301包括中心磁铁32和设于所述中 心磁铁32顶面的中心导磁板33；位于所述中心磁路部分301，所述磁路系统30上设有依次贯穿所述导磁轭31和所述中心磁铁32的通孔作为所述后腔60的一部分，所述中心导磁板33上设有与所述通孔相连通的第二后声孔402；所述后声孔40包括所述第二后声孔402。
因导磁轭31四角处的四个第一后声孔401并不能达到最佳的与后腔60空气流通效果，故本实施例在中心导磁板33上设有与导磁轭31和中心磁铁32上的通孔连通的第二后声孔402，作为第五处后声孔。四个第一后声孔401和第二后声孔402共同构成了设置在磁路系统上的后声孔40。其中，第五处后声孔不仅能起到扩容后腔60的作用，还能解决因为小型化装置振动系统与磁路间距小，振动的声阻会变大使得振动系统稳定性变差的问题。
这里需要补充的是：中心磁铁32中心区域对发声器的BL(衡量发声器中驱动系统强度的一个参数)贡献小于边界区域，因此，在后腔60体积受限的情况下，将中心磁铁32中心区域挖空，以增大后腔体积，有助于提升产品的性能。虽然中心磁铁32挖空的区域对磁路系统30的BL值的影响小，但多少还是存在影响的。如果，中心磁铁32的挖空区域太大，其对磁路系统30的BL值的影响就不能被忽视了。挖空区域过大，磁路系统30的BL值就会越小，产品的性能就会越低。因此，需要找到一个平衡范围，使得中心磁铁32挖空增加的后腔60体积对产品性能的提升量要大于磁路系统BL值减小致使产品性能降低的量，从而实现对产品性能的优化。通过仿真得知，当中心磁铁32挖空的体积占中心磁铁原体积的35％以内时，产品性能得到提升。当中心磁铁32挖空的体积超过这个范围时，磁路系统30的BL值急剧减小。此时后腔60空间增加对性能的提升效果不如磁路系统BL值减小造成的产品性能降低效果，综合表现为产品性能降低。因此，本发明提供的上述技术方案中，中心磁铁的开孔体积应满足：中心磁铁32的开孔体积相对于开孔前的中心磁铁32体积的比例小于等于35％，进一步的可以控制在5％-30％的范围内。
在一种可实现的方案中，所述通孔由所述导磁轭31中心孔和所述中心磁铁32中心孔构成，所述支撑脚310设于所述导磁轭31中心孔的周边位置。将支撑脚310设置在导磁轭31中心孔周边位置，可有效防止下盖板50受力产生 较大的形变量。
上述支撑脚310可为独立部件，并通过焊接或粘贴方式固定在导磁轭31上；或者，上述支撑脚310与导磁轭31为一体成型结构，具体地，如图1所示，所述支撑脚310由所述导磁轭31开孔前位于所述导磁轭31中心孔处的物料冲压形成，通过冲压形成的支撑脚结构牢固，且制作工艺简单。
进一步的，在上述发声器中，所述支撑脚310与所述下盖板50之间具有间隙。由于下盖板在受到较小压力所产生的弹性形变会在撤去压力后自行恢复，因此在支撑脚310与下盖板50之间留有间隙，不会影响支撑脚310的防过度形变功能，还可降低支撑脚310的用料量。
在一种可实现的方案中，下盖板50可采用金属制成，金属材料可以做的更薄，占用空间更小。
进一步的，如图1和图3所示，所述壳体10包括两端开口的、直筒型的壳体主体部，所述壳体主体部收容固定所述振动系统20和所述磁路系统30；所述振动系统20包括振膜21和固定于所述振膜21下方的音圈22，所述振膜21固定于所述壳体主体部的第一端开口的端面上；所述音圈22悬设在所述磁间隙中；所述壳体主体部包括对应所述振动系统20和所述磁路系统30的第一部分1001，以及由所述第一部分1001一体向下延伸超出所述磁路系统30底面的第二部分1002；所述下盖板50安装在所述壳体主体部的第二端开口处，所述壳体主体部的第二部分1002、所述磁路系统30的底面与所述下盖板50之间形成所述后腔。
为了减小发声器的体积，实现磁路系统的最大化，如图1所示，所述磁路系统30的外侧与所述壳体主体部的内壁贴靠设置。具体地，边磁路部分302的外侧与壳体主体部的内壁贴靠设置。进一步的，导磁轭31的周侧与壳体主体部的内壁也为贴靠设置。
相比于现有技术，本发明实施例提供的技术方案，由发声器的壳体下端部分直接形成足够大的后腔空间，不需要额外配置形成后腔的箱体结构，因此不会在水平方向上增加占用空间，发声器壳体的外围面积即决定了整个发声装置在电子产品中的占用空间大小，有助于实现产品的小型化，并 且在小型化基础上能够兼顾磁路系统的体积以及后腔体积，进而保证声学性能；其次，在正对振动系统和磁路系统的下方设置后腔，后腔形状规则，与后声孔的距离近，相比于现有技术，同样大的后腔体积，能够实现更好的声学效果；并且本发明实施例提供的技术方案，仅是对发声器的壳体进行延长设计，结构简单，且不需要进行发声器与箱体或箱体结构之间的装配，可以简化制作工艺与安装工艺，提供生产效率。
图4、图5和图6示出了本发明实施例提供的发声器的一种实现形式的外轮廓示意图。如图4、图5和图6所示，本实施例提供的发声器的壳体10可以为矩形结构。例如，采用本发明实施例提供的技术方案的发声器，可制备成平面尺寸为(6-30)mm*(8-30)mm的尺寸，再通过在磁路系统上设置具有扩容效果的后声孔的方式实现降低发声器的高度尺寸的目的。
进一步的，所述下盖板为平板状(未图示)；或者，如图3所示，所述下盖板50为具有底壁501和侧壁502的碗状结构。
当下盖板50为呈碗状结构的实施方式中，碗状结构的下盖板50具有较高的强度，且占用空间小，并且侧壁502的存在，形成了一部分的后腔空间，因此壳体10的高度可以减小，避免过高的塑料壳体需要将壁厚做大来保证整体结构强度、进而会增大占用空间的问题，更有利于实现产品小型化。
本实施例提供的所述发声器中，当下盖板50为金属制成时，可采用如下两种方式实现与壳体主体部的第二端开口的连接。当然，本发明实施例不仅限于如下几种连接方式。
方式一，如图7所示，壳体主体部的第二端开口的端面的内侧具有凹陷的第二台阶端面12，第二台阶端面12具有用于安装下盖板50的顶面121和侧面122；下盖板50为平板状(未图示)，下盖板50的边缘设有朝向后腔60方向凹陷的凹陷部，凹陷部抵接在第二台阶端面的顶面121并且与第二台阶端面12的侧面122之间形成第一容胶槽，在第一容胶槽内涂胶将下盖板50固定在壳体主体部上。或者，如图3和图7所示，下盖板50为具有底壁501和侧壁502的碗状结构，下盖板50的侧壁502的端部向外侧弯折设有安装边缘503，安装边缘503抵接在第二台阶端面12的顶面121并且与第二台阶端面12的侧 面122之间形成第二容胶槽504，在第二容胶槽504内涂胶将下盖板50固定在壳体主体部上。
方式二，下盖板50的周边注塑有塑料边缘(未图示)，塑料边缘与壳体主体部的第二端开口处超声焊接。
进一步的，如图1和图2所示，后声孔40上设有透气隔离件80，后腔60中填充有吸音材料。吸音材料可以是沸石材料、活性炭材料、或者其他的具有扩容效果的材料，本专利中不做限定。其中，透气隔离件80为允许空气通过且不允许吸音材料通过的网布，用于对吸音材料进行隔离，避免其进入磁路系统内。在后腔中填充吸音材料可有进一步增大后腔的体积，有助于提升发声器的性能。直接在后声孔40上设置透气隔离件80的方式，可以将后腔空间全部用来灌装吸音材料，增大吸音材料灌装量，实现更好的扩容效果。并且，在导磁轭31和中心磁铁32中设置通孔增大后腔以及填充吸音材料进行扩容的情况下，第二后声孔402位于磁路系统的中心位置，可以增大该通孔位置处的吸音材料与空气的接触率，实现最佳扩容效果。
更具体的，本发明实施例提供的发声器，还可包括：如图2所示，设置振膜21与音圈22之间的定心支片400，以及设置于振膜21远离磁路系统30一侧的补强部23；补强部23与振膜21固定，如图1所示。
进一步的，如图1、图2和图8所示，所述壳体10还包括设于振膜膜21的上方的上盖板70，上盖板70可通过超声焊接于所述壳体主体部的第一端。
进一步的，如图1、图2所示，在下盖板50上开设有用于灌装吸音材料的灌装孔51，灌装孔51上封装设有盖片52。该盖片52可以直接是不透气的硬质片，只作为封堵吸音材料的作用。作为另一种实施方式，该盖片52上还可设有允许空气通过且不允许吸音材料通过的透气微孔；或者，该盖片52上还设有泄漏孔，且在泄漏孔上覆盖有允许空气通过且不允许吸音材料通过的阻尼网53(如图2所示)。上述具体实施方式，使得灌装孔51起到兼做后腔泄漏孔的用途，可以用来平衡发声器内外气压。进一步的，可以通过调节透气微孔的大小或者调节阻尼网的网孔大小，调节声阻的大小。
虽然已经通过示例对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是 本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上示例仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种发声器，其特征在于，包括壳体、振动系统和磁路系统；其中，
    所述壳体由上到下依次收容固定所述振动系统和所述磁路系统；
    所述磁路系统包括导磁轭和安装于所述导磁轭上表面的中心磁路部分和边磁路部分，所述中心磁路部分和所述边磁路部分之间形成磁间隙，所述中心磁路部分和所述边磁路部分中的至少一个设有永磁体；
    所述磁路系统上设有后声孔；
    位于所述磁路系统的正下方设有与所述后声孔连通的后腔；
    所述壳体还包括位于所述发声器底部的下盖板，所述下盖板用于封闭所述后腔；
    所述导磁轭上设有朝向所述下盖板方向延伸的至少一个支撑脚。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种发声器，其特征在于，所述导磁轭为矩形，所述导磁轭的角部位置设有与所述磁间隙和所述后腔连通的第一后声孔；
    所述后声孔包括所述第一后声孔。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种发声器，其特征在于，所述中心磁路部分包括中心磁铁和设于所述中心磁铁顶面的中心导磁板；位于所述中心磁路部分，所述磁路系统上设有依次贯穿所述导磁轭和所述中心磁铁的通孔作为所述后腔的一部分，所述中心导磁板上设有与所述通孔相连通的第二后声孔；
    所述后声孔包括所述第二后声孔。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种发声器，其特征在于，所述通孔由所述导磁轭中心孔和所述中心磁铁中心孔构成，所述支撑脚设于所述导磁轭中心孔的周边位置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种发声器，其特征在于，所述支撑脚由所述导磁轭开孔前位于所述导磁轭中心孔处的物料冲压形成。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的一种发声器，其特征在于，所述支撑脚与所述下盖板之间具有间隙。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的一种发声器，其特征在于，所述下 盖板为金属制成。
  8. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的一种发声器，其特征在于，
    所述壳体包括两端开口的、直筒型的壳体主体部，所述壳体主体部收容固定所述振动系统和所述磁路系统；
    所述振动系统包括振膜和固定于所述振膜下方的音圈，所述振膜固定于所述壳体主体部的第一端开口的端面上；所述音圈悬设在所述磁间隙中；
    所述壳体主体部包括对应所述振动系统和所述磁路系统的第一部分，以及由所述第一部分一体向下延伸超出所述磁路系统底面的第二部分；
    所述下盖板安装在所述壳体主体部的第二端开口处，所述壳体主体部的第二部分、所述磁路系统的底面与所述下盖板之间形成所述后腔。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种发声器，其特征在于，所述磁路系统的外侧与所述壳体主体部的内壁贴靠设置。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种发声器，其特征在于，所述壳体为矩形结构。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的一种发声器，其特征在于，所述下盖板为平板状；
    或者，所述下盖板为具有底壁和侧壁的碗状结构。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的一种发声器，其特征在于，
    所述下盖板为金属制成；
    所述壳体主体部的第二端开口的端面的内侧具有凹陷的第二台阶端面，所述第二台阶端面具有用于安装所述下盖板的顶面和侧面；所述下盖板为平板状，所述下盖板的边缘设有朝向所述后腔方向凹陷的凹陷部，所述凹陷部抵接在所述第二台阶端面的顶面并且与所述第二台阶端面的侧面之间形成第一容胶槽，在所述第一容胶槽内涂胶将所述下盖板固定在所述壳体主体部上；或者，所述下盖板为具有底壁和侧壁的碗状结构，所述下盖板的侧壁的端部向外侧弯折设有安装边缘，所述安装边缘抵接在所述第二台阶端面的顶面并且与所述第二台阶端面的侧面之间形成第二容胶槽，在所述第二容胶槽内涂胶将所述下盖板固定在所述壳体主体部上；或者
    所述下盖板的周边注塑有塑料边缘，所述塑料边缘与所述壳体主体部的所述第二端开口处超声焊接。
  13. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的一种发声器，其特征在于，所述后声孔上设有透气隔离件，所述后腔中填充有吸音材料。
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