WO2019154171A1 - 一种无污染环保型高产率制备吡虫啉的方法 - Google Patents

一种无污染环保型高产率制备吡虫啉的方法 Download PDF

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WO2019154171A1
WO2019154171A1 PCT/CN2019/073595 CN2019073595W WO2019154171A1 WO 2019154171 A1 WO2019154171 A1 WO 2019154171A1 CN 2019073595 W CN2019073595 W CN 2019073595W WO 2019154171 A1 WO2019154171 A1 WO 2019154171A1
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sodium
base
imidacloprid
reaction
preparing
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PCT/CN2019/073595
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French (fr)
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霍世勇
涂俊清
陈伯阳
张艳芳
路风奇
付裕
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北京颖泰嘉和生物科技股份有限公司
江苏常隆农化有限公司
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Publication of WO2019154171A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019154171A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/06Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms

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  • the invention relates to a production method of a pesticide insecticide imidacloprid, belonging to the technical field of chemical production.
  • Imidacloprid is a new nicotine insecticide developed by Bayer in Germany in the 1980s. It is highly active, low-toxic and environmentally safe. Related research has been widely concerned.
  • Imidacloprid 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidine-2-imine, is a nicotinic insecticide that can be absorbed internally and used in soil. Seeds and leaves to prevent pests from sucking mouthparts. The pesticide is most commonly used in rice, cereals, corn, potatoes, vegetables, beets, fruits, cotton, and tobacco. Imidacloprid has now replaced carbamate insecticides and has become the third largest insecticide market in the world in pesticides following organophosphorus and pyrethroids. It is now used on nearly 70 crops in more than 100 countries. It is an excellent variety to replace traditional high-toxic pesticides.
  • the object of the present invention is to invent an improved, non-polluting, environmentally friendly and improved reaction yield of imidacloprid, which significantly improves product yield and obtains unexpected technical effects.
  • the specific invention is as follows:
  • the invention relates to a method for preparing imidacloprid in a high-yield environment with high pollution-free environment, wherein the method comprises the steps of: 2-nitroiminoimidazolidine and 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine as raw materials, and preparing imidacloprid under the action of a base;
  • the base is a combination of one or more of a molecular structure of ROM or (RO) x M, wherein R represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, O represents an oxygen element, x represents a number 2 or 3, and M represents a metal. element.
  • a polar solvent is used as a reaction solvent in the reaction, and the reaction solvent includes: acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), nitrogen.
  • the reaction solvent includes: acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), nitrogen.
  • DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • NMP methylpyrrolidone
  • NMP methyl ethyl ketone
  • sulfolane more preferably DMF.
  • the method for preparing imidacloprid, the feed temperature and the reaction temperature are 20 to 80 ° C; and more preferably the temperature is 45 ° C to 65 ° C.
  • the method for preparing imidacloprid has a reaction ratio of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine: 2-nitroiminoimidazolidine: base in a molar ratio of 1:1.0 to 3.5:1.0 to 1.5; Preferably it is 1:1.5 to 2.5:1.1 to 1.3;
  • the yield of imidacloprid synthesis is about 85% from the prior art, and is greatly increased to 97% or more, which has an unexpected technical effect.
  • the reaction system is a waterless system, DMF Or the DMSO solvent does not decompose to generate odor; at the same time, the invention achieves an unexpected reaction effect by optimizing reaction conditions, such as controlling the reaction temperature, adjusting the ratio of raw materials, etc., and the reaction yield is greatly improved compared with the prior art.
  • the pollution environment generated in the reaction and the odorous gas which is not conducive to environmental protection are greatly reduced. The technical effect is very obvious.
  • the technology of the present invention solves the shortcomings of the prior art in a simple and effective manner, that is, in the reaction, the solvent DMF and DMSO are decomposed under the action of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to generate an odor, which causes pollution to the environment.
  • the impurity content is reduced, the reaction yield is improved, the cost is reduced, and the environmental protection pressure is reduced, which is very suitable for industrial production.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing imidacloprid in a high-yield environment with no pollution and environmental protection, which prepares imidacloprid by using 2-nitroiminoimidazolidine and 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine as raw materials under the action of a base.
  • the base is a combination of one or more of a molecular structure of ROM or (RO) x M, wherein R represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, O represents an oxygen element, and x represents a number 2 or 3, M represents a metal element.
  • the structure of the base is ROM, and R is one or more of an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms and an aryl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • the method for preparing imidacloprid in a high-yield environment without pollution is prepared by using 2-nitroiminoimidazolidine and 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine as raw materials in the action of a base.
  • imidacloprid is prepared;
  • the base is a base of the ROM structural formula, wherein R is an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, O represents an oxygen element, and M represents a metal element.
  • M is sodium or potassium
  • the base is sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, potassium t-butoxide, sodium benzyl methoxide, potassium benzyl methoxide, sodium phenylethyl ethoxide, sodium phenyl ethoxide and sodium pentoxide.
  • the base is one or more of sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, sodium benzylate and sodium pentoxide.
  • a polar solvent is used as the reaction solvent in the reaction, and the reaction solvent includes one or more of acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, acetone, DMF, DMSO, NMP, methyl ethyl ketone and sulfolane; more preferably,
  • the organic solvent includes one or more of acetonitrile, DMF, DMSO, and NMP; still more preferably, the reaction solvent is DMF and/or DMSO; and particularly preferably DMF.
  • the feed temperature and the reaction temperature are from 20 to 80 ° C; preferably, the feed temperature and the reaction temperature are from 45 ° C to 65 ° C.
  • the reaction mixture ratio is 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine: 2-nitroiminoimidazolidine: base molar ratio is 1:1.0 to 3.5:1.0 to 1.5; preferably, the reaction ratio is The molar ratio of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine: 2-nitroiminoimidazolidine:base is 1:1.5 to 2.5:1.1 to 1.3.
  • the inorganic alkali sodium hydroxide is used as an alkaline reagent, and the final reaction yield is only 86% (reported as 85% in the literature), and the type of the base is improved by the technique of the present invention.
  • the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature and raw material ratio, the reaction yield was greatly improved to 97% or more, and unexpected technical effects were obtained, which significantly improved the product yield.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

一种制备吡虫啉的方法,以2-硝基亚氨基咪唑烷和2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶为原料,在结构式为ROM或(RO) xM的碱的作用下制备吡虫啉,其中R表示烷基、芳基,O表示氧元素,x表示数字2或3,M表示金属元素。

Description

一种无污染环保型高产率制备吡虫啉的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种农药杀虫剂吡虫啉的生产方法,属化工生产工艺领域。
背景技术
吡虫啉是20世纪80年代由德国拜尔公司开发的新型烟碱类杀虫剂,具有高活性、低毒、且对环境安全的特点。相关研究一直受到人们广泛的关注。
吡虫啉(Imidacloprid)即1-(6-氯-3-吡啶甲基)-N-硝基咪唑烷-2-亚胺,是一种可以被内吸收的烟碱类杀虫剂,用于土壤,种子和叶子,以防止刺吸式口器的害虫。该杀虫剂最常用于稻米、谷物、玉米、土豆、蔬菜、甜菜、水果、棉花、烟草。吡虫啉现已取代氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂,成为继有机磷,拟除虫菊酯类后的世界杀虫剂市场位居第三的杀虫剂系列。现已在超过100个国家的近70种农作物上使用。是取代传统高毒农药的优秀品种。
国内吡虫啉生产工艺大都是以2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶(DCCP)与2-硝基亚氨基咪唑烷(NNI)为起始原料,经一步反应合成目标产物。工艺条件为在DMF、DMSO、丁酮、乙腈等为溶剂下采用碳酸钾、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾为敷酸剂进行缩合反应。这些工艺中采用弱碱如碳酸钠或碳酸钾时,一般需要温度较高80-90℃。国内工业化生产方法普遍采用的是DMF或DMSO这种极性的非质子溶剂与氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的生产工艺。该工艺的不足之处是在反应中,有水产生,溶剂DMF或DMSO在含水系统中在氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾作用下会分解产生极臭的气味,不仅对环境造成污染,同时影响生产工人的健康。生产过程中,由于强碱性的条件,会导致产品的分解,收率只有85%左右。我们针对现有技术存在的上述问题,进行研究提供了一个新的吡虫啉原药制备方法,对环境友好,且吡虫啉收率明显提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于发明一种改进型、无污染、环保型并且提高反应收率的吡虫啉的制备方法,显著提升了产品收率,获得了意料不到的技术效果。具体发明如下:
一种无污染环保型高产率制备吡虫啉的方法,所述方法以2-硝基亚氨基咪唑烷和2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶为原料,在碱的作用下,制备吡虫啉;
所述碱为分子结构式为ROM或(RO) xM中的一种和/或多种的组合,其中R表示烷基、芳基,O表示氧元素,x表示数字2或3,M表示金属元素。
优选地,反应中采用极性溶剂作为反应溶剂,所述反应溶剂包括:乙腈,甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、氮甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、丁酮、环丁砜中的一种或多种;更优选DMF。
优选地,所述制备吡虫啉的方法,加料温度及反应温度为20~80℃;其中更优选的温度为45℃~65℃。
优选地,所述制备吡虫啉的方法,反应配料比为2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶:2-硝基亚氨基咪唑烷:碱的摩尔比为1:1.0~3.5:1.0~1.5;更优选为1:1.5~2.5:1.1~1.3;
通过本发明技术改进,吡虫啉合成的收率由现有技术的85%左右,大幅度提升至97%及以上,产生了意料不到的技术效果。
本发明中,由于ROM形式碱的性质比氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等强碱温和,在反应过程中产生其他杂质较少,因此产品收率增加明显;而且,反应系统为无水系统,DMF或DMSO溶剂不会分解产生臭气;同时本发明通过优化反应条件,例如控制反应温度,调整原料配比等,实现了意料不到的反应效果,与现有技术相比,反应产量大幅度提升,反应中产生的污染环境、不利于环境保护的臭味气体大幅度减少。技术效果非常明显。
同时,本发明技术简单有效的解决了现有工艺的不足也即在反应中溶剂DMF、DMSO在氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾作用下分解产生气味,对环境造成污染。并且,通过本发明的方法,减少杂质含量,提高了反应收率、降低了成本、减轻了环保压力,非常适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
本发明提供一种无污染环保型高产率制备吡虫啉的方法,所述方法以2-硝基亚氨基咪唑烷和2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶为原料,在碱的作用下,制备吡虫啉;其特征在于,所述碱为分子结构式为ROM或(RO) xM中的一种和/或多种的组合,其中R表示烷基、芳基,O表示氧元素,x表示数字2或3,M表示金属元素。
优选地,所述碱的结构为ROM,R为1-12个碳原子的烷基和1-12个碳原子的芳基中的一种或多种。
根据本发明一个优选的实施方式,本发明提供的无污染环保型高产率制备吡虫啉的方法以2-硝基亚氨基咪唑烷和2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶为原料,在碱的作用下,制备吡虫啉;所述碱为ROM结构式的碱,其中R为1-12个碳原子的烷基或1-12个碳原子的芳基,O表示氧元素,M表示金属元素。
根据本发明,优选地,M为钠或钾。
根据本发明,所述碱为甲醇钠、甲醇钾、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、苯甲醇钠、苯甲醇钾、苯乙醇钠、苯乙醇钠和戊醇钠的一种或多种;更优选地,所述碱为甲醇钠、乙醇钠、叔丁醇钠、苯甲醇钠和戊醇钠的一种或多种。
根据本发明,反应中采用极性溶剂作为反应溶剂,所述反应溶剂包括:乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、DMF、DMSO、NMP、丁酮和环丁砜中的一种或多种;更优选地,所述有机溶剂包括乙腈、DMF、DMSO和NMP中的一种或多种;更进一步优选地,所述反应溶剂为DMF和/或DMSO;特别优选为DMF。
根据本发明,加料温度及反应温度为20~80℃;优选地,加料温度及反应温度为45℃~65℃。
根据本发明,反应配料比为2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶:2-硝基亚氨基咪唑烷:碱的摩尔比为1:1.0~3.5:1.0~1.5;优选地,反应配料比为2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶:2-硝基亚氨基咪唑 烷:碱的摩尔比为1:1.5~2.5:1.1~1.3。
为了更好的解释本发明技术,以下列举了具体实施方式进一步说明:
实施例1
在500ml的反应瓶中,依次加入288克DMF、78.01克(0.6摩尔)咪唑烷、20.2克(0.21摩尔)的叔丁醇钠,加热至40℃后滴加35克(0.2摩尔)2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶与35克DMF配制的溶液(滴加用时3小时),保温6小时后中控2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶的归一小于0.2%。过滤除盐,50克DMF淋洗,合并滤液,定量分析产品,收率98%。
实施例2
在500ml的反应瓶中,依次加入288克DMF、78.01克(0.6摩尔)咪唑烷、46克(0.24摩尔)30%的甲醇钠甲醇溶液,加热至40℃后滴加35克(0.2摩尔)2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶与35克DMF配制的溶液(滴加用时3小时),保温6小时后中控2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶的归一小于0.2%。过滤除盐,50克DMF淋洗,合并滤液,定量分析产品,收率97%。
实施例3
在500ml的反应瓶中,依次加入150克DMSO、78.01克(0.6摩尔)咪唑烷、26.4克(0.24摩尔)的戊醇钠,加热至45℃后滴加35克(0.2摩尔)2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶与20克DMSO配制的溶液(滴加用时3小时),保温4小时后中控2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶的归一小于0.2%。过滤除盐,50克DMF淋洗,合并滤液,定量分析产品,收率97%。
对比例
在500ml的反应瓶中,加入288克DMF、78.01克(0.6摩尔)咪唑烷、10克(0.24摩尔)固体氢氧化钠、加热至40℃后滴加35克(0.2摩尔)2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶与35克DMF配制的溶液(滴加用时3小时)。保温6小时后中控2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶的归一小于0.2%。过滤除盐,50克DMF淋洗,合并滤液,定量分析产品,收率86%。
通过以上反应实施例不难看出,对比例中,以无机碱氢氧化钠为碱性试剂,最终反应收率仅仅为86%(文献报道为85%),本发明技术中通过改进碱的类型,优化反应温度和原料配比等反应条件,将反应收率大幅度提升至97%及以上,获得了意料不到的技术效果,显著提升了产品收率。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本发明的思想,其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种无污染环保型高产率制备吡虫啉的方法,所述方法以2-硝基亚氨基咪唑烷和2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶为原料,在碱的作用下,制备吡虫啉;
    其特征在于,所述碱为分子结构式为ROM或(RO) xM中的一种和/或多种的组合,其中R表示烷基、芳基,O表示氧元素,x表示数字2或3,M表示金属元素。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备吡虫啉的方法,其特征在于,所述碱的结构为ROM,R为1-12个碳原子的烷基和1-12个碳原子的芳基中的一种或多种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备吡虫啉的方法,其特征在于,所述碱为甲醇钠、甲醇钾、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、苯甲醇钠、苯甲醇钾、苯乙醇钠、苯乙醇钠和戊醇钠的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制备吡虫啉的方法,其特征在于,所述碱为甲醇钠、乙醇钠、叔丁醇钠、苯甲醇钠和戊醇钠中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制备吡虫啉的方法,其特征在于,反应中采用极性溶剂作为反应溶剂,所述反应溶剂包括:乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、DMF、DMSO、NMP、丁酮和环丁砜中的一种或多种。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的制备吡虫啉的方法,其特征在于,所述反应溶剂为DMF和/或DMSO。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的制备吡虫啉的方法,其特征在于,加料温度及反应温度为20~80℃。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备吡虫啉的方法,其特征在于,加料温度及反应温度 为45℃~65℃。
  9. 根据权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的制备吡虫啉的方法,其特征在于,反应配料比为2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶:2-硝基亚氨基咪唑烷:碱的摩尔比为1:1.0~3.5:1.0~1.5。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制备吡虫啉的方法,其特征在于,反应配料比为2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶:2-硝基亚氨基咪唑烷:碱的摩尔比为1:1.5~2.5:1.1~1.3。
PCT/CN2019/073595 2018-02-08 2019-01-29 一种无污染环保型高产率制备吡虫啉的方法 WO2019154171A1 (zh)

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CN1361102A (zh) * 2000-12-29 2002-07-31 兴农股份有限公司 制造吡虫啉的方法
CN103724324A (zh) * 2013-12-13 2014-04-16 安徽国星生物化学有限公司 一种类吡虫啉衍生物及其制备方法
CN105367557A (zh) * 2015-11-23 2016-03-02 安徽千和新材料科技发展有限公司 一种环氧啉的制备方法
CN107629045A (zh) * 2017-11-10 2018-01-26 上海生农生化制品股份有限公司 一种噻虫啉的水相合成方法

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CN103724324A (zh) * 2013-12-13 2014-04-16 安徽国星生物化学有限公司 一种类吡虫啉衍生物及其制备方法
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