WO2019146678A1 - 偏光フィルム及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
偏光フィルム及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019146678A1 WO2019146678A1 PCT/JP2019/002223 JP2019002223W WO2019146678A1 WO 2019146678 A1 WO2019146678 A1 WO 2019146678A1 JP 2019002223 W JP2019002223 W JP 2019002223W WO 2019146678 A1 WO2019146678 A1 WO 2019146678A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- boron
- polarizing film
- film
- mass
- containing compound
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 179
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 178
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- VBXDEEVJTYBRJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboronic acid Chemical compound OBOBO VBXDEEVJTYBRJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000005620 boronic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000005619 boric acid group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 271
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 93
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 72
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 30
- -1 diboronic acid diester Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 27
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 17
- 206010042674 Swelling Diseases 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 15
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 11
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 9
- LXNHUJXBBXWOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-boronobutylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)CCCCB(O)O LXNHUJXBBXWOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 8
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical group OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- DKNPRRRKHAEUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iodine aqueous Chemical compound [K+].I[I-]I DKNPRRRKHAEUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)=O ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GPAWSMHQQSHLOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-boronoethylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)CCB(O)O GPAWSMHQQSHLOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- POSICDHOUBKJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoxybenzene Chemical compound C=CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 POSICDHOUBKJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KAKVFSYQVNHFBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-hydroxycyclopenten-1-yl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound OC1CCC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KAKVFSYQVNHFBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPMBTLLQQJBUOO-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)octadec-9-enamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO)CCO LPMBTLLQQJBUOO-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWAPPKQZVVWKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-boronopropylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)CCCB(O)O ZWAPPKQZVVWKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STOOUUMSJPLRNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-4-hydroxy-3-[[4-[4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]-6-[(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC2=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C(N=NC=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C=CC(=CC=3)N=NC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(O)=C2C(N)=C1N=NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 STOOUUMSJPLRNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AOMUHOFOVNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO)CCO AOMUHOFOVNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KOUDKOMXLMXFKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxido(oxo)phosphanium hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[O-][PH+]=O KOUDKOMXLMXFKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QPILZZVXGUNELN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate;hydron Chemical compound [Na+].OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(O)=C2C(N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC2=C1 QPILZZVXGUNELN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical class [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124543 ultraviolet light absorber Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/55—Boron-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/56—Organo-metallic compounds, i.e. organic compounds containing a metal-to-carbon bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polarizing film having good polarization performance and hue and small shrinking force, and a method for producing the same.
- a polarizing plate having a light transmitting and shielding function is a basic component of a liquid crystal display (LCD) together with a liquid crystal that changes the polarization state of light.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- Many polarizing plates have a structure in which a protective film such as a cellulose triacetate (TAC) film is attached to the surface of the polarizing film in order to prevent the color fading of the polarizing film or to prevent the shrinkage of the polarizing film.
- TAC cellulose triacetate
- polyvinyl alcohol film as a polarizing film constituting the polarizing plate hereinafter, "polyvinyl alcohol” and may be referred to as "PVA" was uniaxially stretched to become matrix iodine dye (I 3 - and I 5 -, etc. The one that is adsorbed is the mainstream.
- LCDs are widely used in small devices such as calculators and watches, smartphones, notebook computers, liquid crystal monitors, liquid crystal color projectors, liquid crystal televisions, navigation systems for vehicles, measurement devices, and the like.
- these devices have been required to be thinner and lighter, and thinning of glass used in LCDs has been promoted, but the thinning of glass causes warping of the LCD panel, causing a problem.
- the main cause of the warping of the LCD panel is said to be the shrinkage of the polarizing film generated at high temperature, and a polarizing film having a low shrinking power is required.
- improvement of the contrast of the LCD is required, and improvement of the polarization performance and the hue of the polarizing film is also required.
- Patent Document 1 after performing the dyeing step, the crosslinking step and the stretching step, the first drying step of drying the PVA film at 25 ° C. or more and less than 65 ° C. and the second drying step of drying at 65 ° C. or more and 115 ° C.
- a method of making a polarizing film is described.
- Patent Document 1 describes that according to the method, the shrinkage of the polarizing film under high temperature can be reduced to improve the dimensional stability. However, since the drying is performed at a high temperature, there is a problem that the polarization performance of the obtained polarizing film is lowered or the hue is deteriorated.
- Patent Document 2 describes a method of preventing shrinkage of a polarizing film and improving heat resistance by treating a PVA film with diboronic acid in a swelling step, a dyeing step or a stretching step.
- the polarizing film has a problem that the polarization performance is low and the hue is bad.
- Patent Document 3 reduces the amount of boric acid in the PVA film and provides a step of drying the PVA film between the boric acid treatment step and the water washing step, so that the shrinkage force at high temperature is small and the hue is good. It is described that various polarizing films are obtained. However, although reducing the amount of boric acid in the polarizing film reduces the contraction force, it has been difficult to maintain high polarization performance.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing film having good polarization performance and hue and low shrinking force, and a simple method for producing the same.
- the above object is achieved by at least one boron-containing compound (B) selected from the group consisting of PVA (A), a diboronic acid represented by the following formula (I) and a compound which can be converted to the diboronic acid in the presence of water and A polarizing film containing boric acid (C), wherein the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) derived from the boron-containing compound (B) is 1 to 7 atomic% in the range of 1 ⁇ m from the surface of the polarizing film to the inside
- the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) derived from the boron-containing compound (B) is 0.1 to 2 atomic% in the range from the center to the outer side to 1 ⁇ m, and the ratio ( ⁇ /) of the concentration ( ⁇ ) to the concentration ( ⁇ )
- the problem is solved by providing a polarizing film characterized in that ⁇ ) is 1.5 or more.
- R 1 is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R 1 and two boronic acid groups are connected by a boron-carbon bond.
- the content of boron element derived from the boron-containing compound (B) in the polarizing film is preferably 0.1 to 3.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA (A). It is also preferred that R 1 is an aliphatic group. It is also preferable that the total boron element content in the polarizing film is 1.0 to 5.0% by mass.
- the above-mentioned problem is that the boron element content derived from boric acid is 0 C. or less after immersing the stretched PVA film having a content of 5 to 5.0% by mass in an aqueous solution having a concentration of a boron-containing compound (B) of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass.
- B a boron-containing compound
- the polarizing film of the present invention has good polarization performance and hue, and also has low contraction force. According to the production method of the present invention, such a polarizing film can be easily produced.
- Example 1 is a 1 H-NMR chart of a polarizing film obtained in Example 1.
- the polarizing film of the present invention comprises at least one boron-containing compound selected from the group consisting of PVA (A), a diboronic acid represented by the following formula (I) and a compound which can be converted to the diboronic acid in the presence of water B) and a polarizing film containing boric acid (C), wherein the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) derived from the boron-containing compound (B) is 1 to 7 atomic% in the range from the surface of the polarizing film to 1 ⁇ m inside
- the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) derived from the boron-containing compound (B) is 0.1 to 2 atomic% in the range from the center to the outside to 1 ⁇ m, and the ratio of the concentration ( ⁇ ) to the concentration ( ⁇ ) ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) is 1.5 or more.
- R 1 is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R 1 and two boronic acid groups are connected by a boron-carbon bond.
- the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) derived from the boron-containing compound (B) needs to be 1 to 7 atomic% in the range of 1 ⁇ m from the surface of the polarizing film to the inside.
- the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) is preferably 2 atomic% or more.
- the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) exceeds 7 atomic%, the surface becomes too hard and the polarizing film tends to be torn.
- the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) is preferably 6 atomic% or less.
- the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) derived from the boron-containing compound (B) needs to be 0.1 to 2 atomic% in the range of 1 ⁇ m from the center of the polarizing film to the outside.
- the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) exceeds 2 atomic%, the polarization performance may be lowered or the hue may be deteriorated.
- the cause is that the boron-containing compound (B) inhibits the formation of an iodine complex that absorbs light of short wavelength.
- the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) is preferably 1 atomic% or less.
- the shrinkage force of the polarizing film becomes high.
- the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) and the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) in the polarizing film can be determined using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (GCIB XPS) with a gas cluster ion beam gun. Specifically, it can be determined by the method described in the examples described later.
- the thickness of the polarizing film is preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 5 ⁇ m, stretching breakage is likely to occur during production, and productivity may be reduced.
- the thickness is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more. On the other hand, when the said thickness exceeds 30 micrometers, there exists a possibility that the performance calculated
- the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) to the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) needs to be 1.5 or more.
- the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) is preferably 2 or more, and more preferably 3 or more.
- the ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) is usually 50 or less.
- the boron element derived from the boron-containing compound (B) has a predetermined concentration distribution in the thickness direction.
- a boron-containing compound (B) is adsorbed to a PVA film by a general method, there is no substantial difference in concentration between the vicinity of the surface and the center of the film, and although the effect of reducing the contraction force is obtained, And the hue may be a problem.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted studies to make the polarization performance and the hue compatible with the shrinkage, and as a result, the content of the boron-containing compound (B) in the central part of the polarizing film is made smaller than near the surface.
- the content of boron element derived from the boron-containing compound (B) in the polarizing film is preferably 0.1 to 3.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA (A).
- the content is more preferably 2.0 parts by mass or less.
- the amount of crosslinking is too small, and the shrinkage force of the polarizing film may be increased.
- the content is more preferably 0.3 parts by mass or more.
- the boron element content derived from the boron-containing compound (B) can be determined by 1 H-NMR measurement. Specifically, it can be determined by the method described in the examples described later.
- the total boron element content in the polarizing film is preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by mass.
- the shrinkage force of the polarizing film may be high.
- 4.0 mass% or less is more preferable, and 3.0 mass% or less is more preferable.
- the polarization performance may be insufficient. 2.0 mass% or more is more preferable, and, as for the said content, 2.2 mass% or more is further more preferable.
- the total boron element content in the polarizing film can be determined by ICP emission analysis. Specifically, it can be determined by the method described in the examples described later.
- the boron-containing compound (B) used in the present invention is at least one selected from the group consisting of a diboronic acid represented by the following formula (I) and a compound which can be converted to diboronic acid in the presence of water.
- Diboronic acid is a boron-containing compound having two boronic groups [—B (OH) 2 ] in one molecule.
- R 1 is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R 1 and two boronic acid groups are connected by a boron-carbon bond.
- the boronic acid group has a structure in which a boron atom is bonded to two hydroxyl groups and a carbon atom.
- boronic acid [B (OH) 3 ] is different in that boronic acid has a boron-carbon bond whereas boron atom is bonded to three hydroxyl groups. And, since the boron-carbon bond which the boronic acid group has is not hydrolyzed, it is stable even in the presence of water.
- the boron-containing compound (B) used in the present invention reacts with the hydroxyl group of PVA to form an ester.
- boronic acid ester groups As boron-containing groups that can be converted to boronic acid groups in the presence of water, boronic acid ester groups described below can be mentioned as representative ones, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the following structural formula (II) is a diboronic acid monoester in which one molecule of alcohol (R 2 —OH) has reacted with diboronic acid.
- R 2 in the structural formula (II) is PVA, and an organic group is bonded to PVA via a boron atom.
- the following structural formula (III) is an example of a diboronic acid diester in which two molecules of alcohol (R 2 —OH) react with diboronic acid.
- R 2 —OH alcohol
- two R 2 in the structural formula (III) are both PVA chains.
- R 1 is a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. An appropriate length of R 1 can efficiently crosslink the PVA chain.
- the carbon number of R 1 is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 6 or less, and still more preferably 4 or less.
- the carbon number of R 1 is preferably 2 or more.
- R 1 is a divalent organic group, and R 1 and two boronic acid groups may be connected by a boron-carbon bond.
- R 1 may be a hydrocarbon group or may contain a heteroatom such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or halogen. In consideration of availability and the like, R 1 preferably contains no hetero atom, and more preferably R 1 is a hydrocarbon group.
- R 1 be an aliphatic compound in that it is easy to make the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) and the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) into the above ranges.
- R 1 is an aromatic group, adsorption to a PVA film and diffusion in a PVA film may be delayed, and it may be difficult to set the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) and the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) in the above ranges .
- boron-containing compound (B) methanediboronic acid, 1,2-ethanediboronic acid, 1,3-propanediboronic acid, 1,4-butanediboronic acid, 1,5-pentanediboronic acid, 1,6 -Hexanediboronic acid, 1,7-heptanediboronic acid, 1,8-octanediboronic acid, 1,9-nonanediboronic acid, 1,10-decanediboronic acid, 1,11-undecanediboronic acid, 1,12 -Dodecanediboronic acid, 1,13-tridecanediboronic acid, 1,14-tetradecanediboronic acid, 1,15-pentadecanediboronic acid, 1,16-hexadecanediboronic acid, 1,17-heptadecanediboronic acid
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group such as 1,18-octadecanedi
- the polymerization degree of PVA (A) is preferably in the range of 1,500 to 6,000, more preferably in the range of 1,800 to 5,000, and 2,000 to 4,000. More preferably, it is within the range.
- the degree of polymerization of PVA (A) in the present invention means the average degree of polymerization measured according to the description of JIS K 6726-1994.
- the saponification degree of PVA (A) is preferably 95% or more, more preferably 96% or more, and more preferably 98% or more, from the viewpoint of water resistance of a polarizing film obtained by uniaxially stretching a PVA film. It is further preferred that the saponification degree of PVA (A) is a structural unit (typically, vinyl ester unit) that PVA (A) has and can be converted to a vinyl alcohol unit (-CH 2 -CH (OH)-) by saponification. The ratio (%) of the number of moles of the vinyl alcohol unit to the total number of moles of the vinyl alcohol unit and the vinyl alcohol unit.
- the degree of saponification can be measured according to the description of JIS K6726-1994.
- the method for producing PVA (A) is not particularly limited.
- a method of converting a vinyl ester unit of a polyvinyl ester obtained by polymerizing a vinyl ester monomer into a vinyl alcohol unit can be mentioned.
- the vinyl ester monomer used for producing PVA is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl versatate, vinyl caproate and caprylic acid.
- Vinyl, vinyl caprate, vinyl laurate, vinyl palmitate, vinyl stearate, vinyl oleate, vinyl benzoate and the like can be mentioned. From the economic point of view, vinyl acetate is preferred.
- PVA (A) is obtained by converting the vinyl ester unit of a polyvinyl ester copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a vinyl ester monomer and another monomer copolymerizable therewith with a vinyl alcohol unit, It is also good.
- ⁇ -olefins of 2 to 30 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and isobutene; (meth) acrylic acid or a salt thereof; Methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, i-propyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, i-butyl (meth) acrylate, (Meth) acrylic acid esters such as t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, octadecyl (meth) acrylate; (meth) acrylamides; N-methyl (Meth) Acrylamide, N-Ethyl (Meth) Acrylamide
- the above-mentioned vinyl ester copolymer can have a structural unit derived from one or more of the other monomers described above.
- the other monomer may be previously present in the reaction vessel when the vinyl ester monomer is subjected to the polymerization reaction, or may be added to the reaction vessel during the progress of the polymerization reaction. And can be used.
- the content of units derived from other monomers is preferably 10 mol% or less, more preferably 5 mol% or less, and 2 mol% or less. More preferable.
- the stretchability is improved and the film can be stretched at a higher temperature, thereby reducing the occurrence of troubles such as stretch breakage during the production of the optical film.
- Ethylene is preferred because the productivity of the optical film is further improved.
- the ethylene unit content is 1 to 4 mol% with respect to the number of moles of all structural units constituting the PVA from the viewpoint of stretchability and stretchable temperature as described above. Preferably, 2 to 3 mol% is more preferable.
- the polymerization method for polymerizing the vinyl ester monomer may be any method such as batch polymerization, semi-batch polymerization, continuous polymerization and semi-continuous polymerization, and as the polymerization method, bulk polymerization method, solution polymerization method, suspension Known methods such as a polymerization method and an emulsion polymerization method can be applied. Bulk polymerization or solution polymerization in which the polymerization proceeds in a solvent-free or solvent such as alcohol is usually employed. In the case of obtaining a polyvinyl ester having a high degree of polymerization, an emulsion polymerization method is also preferable.
- the solvent for the solution polymerization method is not particularly limited, and is, for example, an alcohol.
- the alcohol used as the solvent for the solution polymerization method is, for example, a lower alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or propanol.
- the amount of the solvent used in the polymerization solution may be selected in consideration of the chain transfer of the solvent according to the degree of polymerization of the target PVA, for example, when the solvent is methanol, the mass ratio of the solvent to all the monomers
- the solvent / total monomer is preferably selected in the range of 0.01 to 10, more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 3.
- the polymerization initiator used for polymerizing the vinyl ester monomer may be selected from known polymerization initiators such as azo initiators, peroxide initiators and redox initiators according to the polymerization method.
- azo initiators include 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), and 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-). Dimethylvaleronitrile).
- Peroxide initiators include, for example, percarbonate compounds such as diisopropyl peroxy dicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxy dicarbonate and diethoxyethyl peroxy dicarbonate; t-butyl peroxy neodecanate, ⁇ - Perester compounds such as cumylperoxy neodecanate; acetylcyclohexylsulfonyl peroxide; 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl-2-peroxyphenoxyacetate; acetyl peroxide. Potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide or the like may be combined with the above initiator to form a polymerization initiator.
- percarbonate compounds such as diisopropyl peroxy dicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxy dicarbonate and diethoxyethyl peroxy dicarbonate
- t-butyl peroxy neodecanate
- the redox initiator is, for example, a polymerization initiator in which the above-mentioned peroxide initiator is combined with a reducing agent such as sodium bisulfite, sodium hydrogencarbonate, tartaric acid, L-ascorbic acid, Rongalite or the like.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator to be used is not generally determined because it varies depending on the type of polymerization initiator, but may be selected according to the polymerization rate. For example, when using 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile or acetyl peroxide as a polymerization initiator, 0.01 to 0.2% is preferable, and 0.02 to 0.15 with respect to a vinyl ester monomer. % Is more preferable.
- the polymerization temperature is not particularly limited, but is suitably about room temperature to 150 ° C., preferably 40 ° C. or more and not more than the boiling point of the solvent used.
- the polymerization of the vinyl ester monomer may be carried out in the presence of a chain transfer agent.
- the chain transfer agent is, for example, aldehydes such as acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; mercaptans such as 2-hydroxyethanethiol; phosphinates such as sodium phosphinate monohydrate and the like. Among them, aldehydes and ketones are preferably used.
- the amount of the chain transfer agent used can be determined according to the chain transfer coefficient of the chain transfer agent used and the degree of polymerization of the desired PVA, but generally it is 0.1 per 100 parts by weight of vinyl ester monomer. 10 parts by mass is preferable.
- Saponification of polyvinyl ester can be performed, for example, in a state where the polyvinyl ester is dissolved in alcohol or hydrous alcohol.
- the alcohol used for saponification include lower alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, preferably methanol.
- the alcohol used for saponification may contain, for example, other solvents such as acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and benzene in a proportion of 40% by mass or less of the mass.
- the catalyst used for saponification is, for example, hydroxides of alkali metals such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, alkali catalysts such as sodium methylate, and acid catalysts such as mineral acid.
- the temperature for saponification is not limited, but is preferably in the range of 20 to 60.degree.
- the product can be pulverized, washed and dried to obtain PVA.
- the saponification method can apply a well-known method not only the method mentioned above.
- the PVA film can contain a plasticizer in addition to the above-mentioned PVA (A).
- Preferred plasticizers include polyhydric alcohols, and specific examples include ethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, diglycerin, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane and the like. Furthermore, one or more of these plasticizers can be included. Among these, glycerin is preferable from the viewpoint of the effect of improving the stretchability.
- the content of the plasticizer in the PVA film is preferably in the range of 1 to 20 parts by mass, and more preferably in the range of 3 to 17 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA (A). More preferably, it is in the range of 5 to 15 parts by mass.
- the content is 1 part by mass or more, the stretchability of the film is further improved.
- the said content is 20 mass parts or less, it can suppress that a film becomes soft too much and a handleability falls.
- the PVA film further contains a filler, a processing stabilizer such as a copper compound, a weather resistant stabilizer, a colorant, an ultraviolet light absorber, a light stabilizer, an antioxidant, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, and other thermoplastic resins
- a processing stabilizer such as a copper compound, a weather resistant stabilizer, a colorant, an ultraviolet light absorber, a light stabilizer, an antioxidant, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, and other thermoplastic resins
- Additives such as lubricants, perfumes, antifoaming agents, deodorants, extenders, release agents, mold release agents, reinforcing agents, crosslinking agents, fungicides, preservatives, crystallization rate retarders, etc. Depending, it can blend appropriately.
- the proportion of the total of the PVA (A) and the plasticizer in the PVA film is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and more preferably 95% by mass or more based on the mass of the PVA film. It is further preferred that
- the swelling degree of the PVA film is preferably in the range of 160 to 240%, more preferably in the range of 170 to 230%, and particularly preferably in the range of 180 to 220%.
- the degree of swelling is 160% or more, the progress of crystallization can be suppressed extremely, and the film can be stably stretched to a high magnification.
- the degree of swelling is 240% or less, dissolution at the time of stretching is suppressed, and it becomes possible to stretch even under higher temperature conditions.
- the degree of swelling of the PVA film can be determined by the method described in the examples described later.
- the thickness of the PVA film is preferably 5 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 60 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 to 45 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is preferably 5 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 60 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 to 45 ⁇ m.
- the width of the PVA film is not particularly limited, and can be determined according to the application of the polarizing film to be produced. It is suitable for these uses if the width of the PVA film used for manufacture of a polarizing film is 3 m or more from the point which screen enlargement of a liquid crystal television and a liquid crystal monitor advances in recent years. On the other hand, if the width of the PVA film used for producing the polarizing film is too large, it tends to be difficult to perform uniaxial stretching uniformly when producing the polarizing film with a commercially available apparatus, it is difficult to produce the polarizing film
- the width of the PVA film to be used is preferably 7 m or less.
- the method for producing the PVA film is not particularly limited, and a production method in which the thickness and width of the film after film formation can be made more uniform can be preferably adopted.
- the above-described constitution of the PVA film used for producing a polarizing film A film-forming stock solution in which one or more of the above-described plasticizer, additive, surfactant described later, and the like are dissolved in a liquid medium, PVA (A), and, if necessary, PVA (A) A) and, if necessary, a film-forming solution containing one or more of a plasticizer, an additive, a surfactant, a liquid medium, and the like, and in which the PVA (A) is melted Can be manufactured.
- stock solution contains at least 1 sort (s) of a plasticizer, an additive, and surfactant, it is preferable that those components are mixed uniformly.
- liquid medium used for preparing a membrane forming solution examples include water, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol And trimethylolpropane, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and the like, and one or more of them can be used.
- water is preferable from the viewpoint of environmental load and recoverability.
- the volatilization fraction of the membrane-forming solution (the content ratio of volatile components such as liquid media to be removed by volatilization or evaporation during film-forming in the membrane-forming solution) varies depending on the film-forming method, film-forming conditions, etc. Preferably, it is in the range of 50 to 95% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 55 to 90% by mass.
- the volatilization fraction of the membrane-forming solution is 50% by mass or more, the viscosity of the membrane-forming solution does not become too high, and filtration and degassing are smoothly performed during the preparation of the membrane-forming solution. The manufacture of the film is facilitated.
- the volatilization fraction of the membrane-forming solution is 95% by mass or less, the concentration of the membrane-forming solution does not become too low, and the industrial production of PVA film becomes easy.
- the membrane-forming solution preferably contains a surfactant.
- a surfactant By including the surfactant, the film forming property is improved, generation of thickness unevenness of the PVA film is suppressed, and peeling of the PVA film from a metal roll or a belt used for film formation becomes easy.
- the surfactant may be contained in the PVA film.
- the type of the surfactant is not particularly limited, but an anionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant is preferable from the viewpoint of releasability from a metal roll or a belt.
- anionic surfactant for example, carboxylic acid type such as potassium laurate; sulfuric acid ester type such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate and octyl sulfate; and sulfonic acid type such as dodecylbenzene sulfonate are preferable.
- nonionic surfactants include alkyl ether type such as polyoxyethylene oleyl ether; alkyl phenyl ether type such as polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether; alkyl ester type such as polyoxyethylene laurate; polyoxyethylene lauryl amino Alkyl amine type such as ether; alkyl amide type such as polyoxyethylene lauric acid amide; polypropylene glycol ether type such as polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether; alkanolamide type such as lauric acid diethanolamide and oleic acid diethanolamide; Allyl phenyl ether type such as alkylene allyl phenyl ether is preferable.
- surfactants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA (A) contained in the membrane-forming solution. And more preferably in the range of 0.02 to 0.3 parts by mass, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.2 parts by mass.
- the content is 0.01 parts by mass or more, the film forming property and the releasability are further improved.
- the said content is 0.5 mass part or less, surfactant can bleed out on the surface of a PVA film, blocking can arise, and it can suppress that a handleability falls.
- a film forming method at the time of forming a PVA film to be used for production of a polarizing film using the above-mentioned film forming solution for example, a cast film forming method, an extrusion film forming method, a wet film forming method, a gel film forming method Can be mentioned. These film forming methods may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these film forming methods, a cast film forming method and an extrusion film forming method are preferable because a PVA film used for producing a polarizing film having uniform thickness and width and good physical properties can be obtained. Drying and heat treatment can be performed on the formed PVA film, if necessary.
- a T-type slit die, a hopper plate, an I-die, a lip coater die, etc. are used, and the above-mentioned film forming undiluted
- the film is uniformly discharged or cast on the circumferential surface of the first roll (or belt), and volatile components are discharged from one surface of the film discharged or cast on the circumferential surface of the first roll (or belt).
- a method of winding by a winding device can be preferably adopted industrially.
- a multilayer PVA film may be formed by forming a layer composed of PVA (A) on one surface of a base film composed of a single resin layer.
- the method for producing the polarizing film of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a preferred manufacturing method is a dyeing process of dyeing a PVA film with a dichroic dye, and a polarizing film manufacturing process including a stretching process of uniaxially stretching the film, wherein the content of boron element derived from boric acid is 0.5 to
- the PVA film after the stretching treatment which is 5.0% by mass is immersed in an aqueous solution in which the concentration of the boron-containing compound (B) is 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, and then the film is dried at 95 ° C. or less It is a manufacturing method of a polarizing film.
- the PVA film used for the production of the polarizing film of the present invention may be subjected to a dyeing treatment, a drawing treatment, and optionally, a swelling treatment, a boric acid crosslinking treatment, a fixation treatment, a washing treatment, a heat treatment, etc. .
- the order of the respective treatments is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to perform swelling treatment, boric acid crosslinking treatment, stretching treatment, and fixation treatment in this order.
- the swelling treatment can be performed by immersing the PVA film in water.
- the temperature of water when immersed in water is preferably 20 to 40 ° C., more preferably 22 to 38 ° C., and still more preferably 25 to 35 ° C.
- the time for immersion in water is, for example, preferably 0.1 to 5 minutes, and more preferably 0.2 to 3 minutes.
- Water to be immersed in water is not limited to pure water, and iodides and salt components such as potassium iodide, calcium iodide, zinc chloride and sodium sulfate, and carboxylic acid types such as potassium laurate; Sulfuric acid ester type such as ethylene lauryl ether sulfate, octyl sulfate; anionic surfactant such as sulfonic acid type such as dodecyl benzene sulfonate; alkyl ether type such as polyoxyethylene oleyl ether; alkyl such as polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether Phenyl ether type; alkyl ester type such as polyoxyethylene laurate; alkyl amine type such as polyoxyethylene lauryl amino ether; alkyl amide type such as polyoxyethylene lauric acid amide; polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether Polypropylene glycol ether type; alkanolamide type such
- the dyeing process can be carried out by contacting the PVA film with a dichroic dye.
- a dichroic dye it is common to use an iodine based dye or a dichroic dye.
- the dichroism dye adsorbed to the PVA film is efficiently made to adsorb the dichroism dye to the PVA film efficiently. From the viewpoint of orientation, it is preferable to carry out the dyeing treatment after the swelling treatment and before the drawing treatment.
- Dyeing treatment is generally performed by immersing the PVA film in a solution containing iodine-potassium iodide (in particular, an aqueous solution) as a dyeing bath, or in a solution (in particular, an aqueous solution) containing a plurality of dichroic dyes. is there.
- a solution containing iodine-potassium iodide the concentration of iodine in the dyeing bath is preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass, and the concentration of potassium iodide is 0.01 to 10% by mass Is preferred.
- the temperature of the dyeing bath is preferably 20 to 50 ° C., particularly 25 to 40 ° C.
- the preferred staining time is 0.2-5 minutes.
- the dichroic dye is preferably an aqueous dye.
- the dye concentration in the dyeing bath is preferably 0.001 to 10% by mass.
- a dyeing assistant may be used, and an inorganic salt such as sodium sulfate or a surfactant may be used.
- sodium sulfate is used, 0.1 to 10% by mass is preferable.
- the dyeing temperature is preferably 30 to 80.degree. As specific dichroic dyes, see C.I. Eye. Direct Yellow 28, C.I. Eye. Direct Orange 39, C.I. Eye. Direct Yellow 12, C.I. Eye. Direct Yellow 44, C.I. Eye. Direct Orange 26, Sea. Eye.
- Direct Orange 71 C.I. Eye. direct. Orange 107, C.I. Eye. Direct Red 2, Sea. Eye. Direct Red 31, C.I. Eye. direct. Red 79, Sea. Eye. Direct Red 81, C.I. Eye. Direct Red 247, C.I. Eye. Direct Green 80, C.I. Eye.
- direct green 59 etc. the dichroic dye developed for polarizing plate manufacture is preferable.
- the boric acid crosslinking treatment is more preferably performed after the dyeing treatment and before the drawing treatment.
- the boric acid crosslinking treatment can be performed by immersing the PVA film in an aqueous solution containing a boric acid crosslinking agent.
- the boric acid crosslinking agent one or two or more kinds of boron-containing inorganic compounds such as boric acid and boric acid salts such as borax can be used, and the boric acid crosslinking agent is easy to handle.
- the concentration of the boric acid crosslinking agent in the aqueous solution containing the boric acid crosslinking agent is preferably 1 to 10% by mass, and more preferably 2 to 7% by mass.
- concentration of the boric acid crosslinking agent is 1 to 10% by mass, sufficient stretchability can be maintained.
- concentration of the boric acid crosslinking agent exceeds 10% by mass, crosslinking proceeds excessively and the stretchability may be reduced, which is not preferable.
- the concentration of the boric acid crosslinking agent is less than 1% by mass, the effect of preventing elution of the dichroic dye adsorbed to the PVA (A) or the PVA film into water when drawing at high temperature is insufficient.
- the aqueous solution containing a boric acid crosslinking agent may contain an auxiliary such as potassium iodide.
- the temperature of the aqueous solution containing a boric acid crosslinking agent is preferably 20 to 50 ° C., particularly preferably 25 to 40 ° C. By setting the temperature to 20 to 50 ° C., boric acid crosslinking can be efficiently performed.
- the PVA film may be stretched (pre-stretching) during each of the above-described processes or between processes separately from the stretching process described later.
- the total stretch ratio of the pre-stretching performed before the stretching treatment is PVA as a raw material before stretching. 1.5 times or more is preferable based on the original length of a film, 2.0 times or more is more preferable, and 2.5 times or more is more preferable. On the other hand, 4.0 times or less is preferable and 3.5 times or less of the said total draw ratio is more preferable.
- the draw ratio in the swelling treatment is preferably 1.05 to 2.5.
- the draw ratio in the dyeing process is preferably 1.1 to 2.5.
- the draw ratio in the boron crosslinking treatment is preferably 1.1 to 2.5.
- the stretching treatment may be performed by either a wet stretching method or a dry stretching method.
- the wet stretching method it can be carried out in an aqueous solution containing a boric acid crosslinking agent, or can be carried out in the above-mentioned dyeing treatment bath.
- dry stretching uniaxial stretching may be performed at room temperature, uniaxial stretching may be performed while heating, or uniaxial stretching is performed in air using a PVA film after water absorption. It can also be done.
- the wet stretching method is preferable, and it is particularly preferable to perform uniaxial stretching in an aqueous solution containing a boric acid crosslinking agent.
- the boric acid crosslinking agent is preferably boric acid.
- the concentration of boric acid in the aqueous solution is preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 2 to 5% by mass.
- concentration of boric acid is less than 0.5% by mass, the boric acid content in the PVA film becomes too small, and the stretched PVA film is immersed in an aqueous solution of a boron-containing compound (B)
- the boron-containing compound (B) may be excessively adsorbed to make the polarizing film brittle.
- the boric acid aqueous solution may contain potassium iodide, and the concentration of potassium iodide is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass.
- the stretching temperature in the stretching process is preferably 30 to 90.degree. As for the said temperature, 40 degreeC or more is more preferable, and 50 degreeC or more is further more preferable.
- the draw ratio (total draw ratio from the PVA film of the raw material) in the drawing treatment is preferably 2.0 to 4.0. From the viewpoint of polarization performance and the like of the obtained polarizing film, the stretching ratio is more preferably 2.2 or more. On the other hand, the draw ratio is more preferably 3.5 or less. Moreover, 5 or more times are preferable from the point of polarization performance, and, as for the total extending
- the upper limit of the draw ratio is not particularly limited, but the draw ratio is preferably 8 times or less.
- the direction of uniaxial stretching in the case of performing stretching on a long PVA film there is no particular limitation on the direction of uniaxial stretching in the case of performing stretching on a long PVA film, and uniaxial stretching in the longitudinal direction, transverse uniaxial stretching, or so-called oblique stretching can be adopted.
- the uniaxial stretching treatment in the long direction is preferable because a polarizing film excellent in polarization performance is obtained.
- the uniaxial stretching treatment in the longitudinal direction can be performed by changing the circumferential speed between the respective rolls using a stretching apparatus provided with a plurality of rolls parallel to each other.
- the transverse uniaxial stretching treatment can be performed using a tenter-type stretching machine.
- the polarizing film it is preferable to carry out the fixing treatment after the stretching treatment also in order to strengthen the adsorption of the dichroic dye (iodine-based dye, dichroic dye, etc.) to the PVA film.
- the aqueous solution containing a boron containing compound (B) is preferable.
- boric acid, iodine, an iodide, a metal compound or the like may be added to the fixing treatment bath, and it is preferable to add an iodide such as potassium iodide.
- the temperature of the fixing treatment bath is preferably 10 to 70 ° C., and more preferably 20 to 40 ° C. It is preferable to add 0.5 to 10% by mass of iodide.
- the stretching ratio in the fixing process is preferably 1.3 times or less, more preferably 1.2 times or less, and still more preferably less than 1.1 times.
- the boron-containing compound (B) is adsorbed to the PVA film after the stretching treatment.
- the boron-containing compound (B) is adsorbed before or during the drawing treatment, a large amount of the boron-containing compound (B) is adsorbed to the center of the polarizing film, and the hue may be deteriorated.
- the stretchability may be reduced due to excessive intermolecular crosslinking.
- the boron-containing compound (B) may be adsorbed to the PVA film in any of the dyeing treatment, boric acid crosslinking treatment, and fixation treatment, as long as it is a step after the drawing treatment, but it may be adsorbed in the fixation treatment, It is preferable from the viewpoint of not deteriorating the hue and stretchability, and specifically, by immersing the PVA film in an aqueous solution in which the concentration of the boron-containing compound (B) is 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, the PVA film
- the boron-containing compound (B) is adsorbed to the
- the concentration of the boron-containing compound (B) in the aqueous solution is less than 0.1% by mass, the hue may be deteriorated and the effect of reducing the contraction force may be insufficient.
- 0.2 mass% or more is more preferable, and, as for the said concentration, 0.3 mass% or more is further more preferable.
- the concentration exceeds 5.0% by mass, the boron-containing compound (B) is excessively adsorbed to make the surface of the polarizing film brittle, or precipitates of the boron-containing compound (B) are generated on the surface is there.
- the concentration is more preferably 4% by mass or less.
- the temperature of the aqueous solution is preferably 10 to 70 ° C.
- the temperature is more preferably 20 ° C. or more.
- the temperature exceeds 70 ° C., wrinkles may easily occur in the polarizing film.
- 60 degrees C or less is more preferable, 50 degrees C or less is further more preferable, and 40 degrees C or less is especially preferable.
- the immersion time in the aqueous solution is preferably 5 to 400 seconds.
- the aqueous solution preferably contains an iodide such as potassium iodide as an auxiliary from the viewpoint of improving the polarization performance, and the content thereof is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass.
- the boron content derived from boric acid in the PVA film to be subjected to adsorption of the boron-containing compound (B) needs to be 0.5 to 5.0% by mass. Thereby, the concentration of the boron-containing compound (B) can be adjusted in the thickness direction of the polarizing film, and the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) and the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) derived from the boron-containing compound (B) can be in the above ranges. Can.
- the boron-containing compound (B) When the boric acid in the PVA film appropriately inhibits the adsorption of the boron-containing compound (B), the boron-containing compound (B) is easily adsorbed in the vicinity of the surface of the polarizing film and hardly adsorbed in the central portion it is conceivable that.
- the boron element content derived from boric acid in the PVA film is less than 0.5% by mass, when the PVA film is immersed in the aqueous solution of the boron-containing compound (B), the boron-containing compound (B) is adsorbed excessively The color may be deteriorated or the surface of the polarizing film may be too hard to be torn.
- the content is preferably 1% by mass or more.
- the said content exceeds 5.0 mass%
- the boron element content derived from boric acid in the PVA film can be adjusted by the temperature of the treatment bath, the concentration of boric acid, the immersion time, and the like in the stretching treatment and the boric acid crosslinking treatment.
- the content of the boron-containing compound (B) in the polarizing film can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of the boron-containing compound (B) in the aqueous solution, the temperature of the aqueous solution, or the immersion time in the aqueous solution in fixing treatment.
- the temperature and the immersion time it is preferable to adjust according to the concentration of the boron-containing compound (B) because wrinkles may occur in the polarizing film.
- a washing process may be performed before the drying process.
- the washing treatment is generally performed by immersing the PVA film in water, distilled water, pure water or the like.
- the aqueous solution used for the washing treatment contains an iodide such as potassium iodide from the viewpoint of improving the polarization performance, and the concentration of the iodide is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass.
- the temperature of the aqueous solution in the washing treatment is generally 5 to 50 ° C., preferably 10 to 45 ° C., particularly preferably 10 to 40 ° C. It is not preferable that the temperature of the aqueous solution is too low from the economical point of view, and if the temperature of the aqueous solution is too high, the polarization performance may be reduced, which is not preferable.
- the film is dried at 95 ° C. or less.
- the drying temperature exceeds 95 ° C., the hue may be deteriorated. 90 degrees C or less is preferable, and, as for the said temperature, 80 degrees C or less is more preferable.
- the drying temperature is less than 40 ° C., the contraction force tends to be high, which is not preferable.
- the temperature is preferably 50 ° C. or more.
- the drying time is preferably 10 to 600 seconds.
- the heat treatment is a treatment to further heat the dried polarizing film having a moisture content of 5% or less to improve the dimensional stability of the polarizing film.
- the conditions of the heat treatment are not particularly limited, but the heat treatment temperature is preferably 60 ° C. to 95 ° C., and particularly preferably 70 ° C. to 90 ° C. Heat treatment at a temperature lower than 60 ° C. is not preferable because the effect of improving the dimensional stability by heat treatment may be insufficient, and heat treatment at a temperature higher than 95 ° C. may cause severe red discoloration of the polarizing film. Unfavorable.
- the polarizing film obtained as described above is usually used as a polarizing plate by laminating a protective film which is optically transparent and has mechanical strength on both sides or one side thereof.
- a protective film a cellulose triacetate (TAC) film, a cellulose acetate / butyrate (CAB) film, an acrylic film, a polyester film and the like are used.
- TAC cellulose triacetate
- CAB cellulose acetate / butyrate
- acrylic film a polyester film and the like
- polyester film and the like are used as an adhesive agent for bonding.
- an adhesive agent for bonding although a PVA-type adhesive agent, an ultraviolet curing adhesive, etc. can be mentioned, A PVA-type adhesive agent is especially preferable.
- the polarizing plate obtained as described above can be used as an LCD component after being coated with an acrylic or other pressure-sensitive adhesive and then bonded to a glass substrate. At the same time, it may be laminated with a retardation film, a viewing angle improvement film, a brightness improvement film or the like.
- the measurement wavelength range is set to 380 nm to 780 nm
- the parallel transmission factor is the transmittance when the vibration direction of the polarized light incident on the polarizing film through the Glanthera polarizer is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing film.
- the cross Nicol transmittance was taken as perpendicular to the axis.
- the C light source and the visibility correction of the visible light region of the 2 ° visual field are made to comply with JIS Z 8722 (the method of measuring the object color).
- the single transmittance, the degree of polarization, and the single b value (hue) of the polarizing film were calculated, and these three values were obtained as optical characteristics of the polarizing film.
- boron element concentration derived from boron-containing compound (B) The boron element concentration derived from the boron-containing compound (B) in the polarizing film was measured using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (manufactured by ULVAC-PHI, Inc .: PHI5000 VersaProbe II) (GCIB-XPS) with a gas cluster ion beam gun. For the measurement, a polarizing film conditioned at approximately 23 ° C./50% RH for 16 hours was used.
- Sputter ion source Ar2500 + acceleration voltage 20 keV, perform sputtering in the range of 2mm ⁇ 2mm while neutralization at a current value 30 nA, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measured (XPS measurement) performed each time 50nm sputtering in the depth direction
- the XPS measurement is performed using monochromized Al as the X-ray source, X-ray spot diameter is 100 ⁇ m, X-ray output is set at 15 kV, 25 W, and detection elements are five kinds of carbon, boron, oxygen, iodine and potassium. Selected.
- the dichroic dye When a dichroic dye is used as the dichroic dye, it is necessary to appropriately select an element such as nitrogen or sulfur contained in the dichroic dye as a detection element. Next, using the analysis software “MultiPack” (manufactured by ULVAC-PHI, Inc.), the boron element concentration at each depth of the polarizing film is determined based on 284.8 eV which is the binding energy of CC and CH bonds. a, atomic%) was calculated.
- the binding energy derived from boron of boric acid is 192.3 eV
- boron of the boron-containing compound (B) is The binding energy to be attributed was set appropriately, and the peak separation was performed by the least squares method using a pseudo Voigt function. Note that a linear function calculated from the average value of the intensities of the XPS spectra at 187 to 189 eV and the average value of the XPS spectra at 195 to 197 eV was used as a baseline.
- the peak area ratio (b,%) of boron derived from the boron-containing compound (B) to the total of boron derived from the boric acid-derived boron and the boron-containing compound (B) is calculated, and the following calculation formula (1)
- the boron element concentration derived from the boron-containing compound (B) at each depth was calculated.
- Elemental boron concentration (atomic%) derived from the boron-containing compound (B) A x b x 10 -2 (1)
- the bonding energy attributable to boron of the boron-containing compound (B) changes depending on the structure of the compound. Therefore, it is necessary to set the binding energy appropriately depending on the type of the boron-containing compound (B). For example, when the boron-containing compound (B) is 1,4-butanediboronic acid, it is 191.3 eV. In addition, when peak separation is performed by the least squares method using a pseudo Voigt function, the Lorentz function ratio of boric acid is set to 0.115, and 2 1/2 ⁇ ⁇ is set to 0.809. The Lorentz function ratio and half width of the boron-containing compound (B) also change depending on the structure of the compound.
- the boron element concentration derived from the boron-containing compound (B) is determined every 50 nm from the surface to 1 ⁇ m on both sides of the polarizing film, and the average value is 1 ⁇ m inside from the surface of the polarizing film It was set as the boron elemental concentration ((alpha), atomic%) derived from the boron containing compound (B) of a range.
- the boron element concentration derived from the boron-containing compound (B) is determined every 50 nm from the center of the polarizing film to both outsides to 1 ⁇ m, and the average value thereof is 1 ⁇ m to the outside from the center of the polarizing film (B)
- the boron element concentration derived from (B, atomic%) is determined every 50 nm from the center of the polarizing film to both outsides to 1 ⁇ m, and the average value thereof is 1 ⁇ m to the outside from the center of the polarizing film (B)
- the boron element concentration derived from (B, atomic%) is determined every 50 nm from the center of the polarizing film to both outsides to 1 ⁇ m, and the average value thereof is 1 ⁇ m to the outside from the center of the polarizing film (B)
- the boron element concentration derived from (B, atomic%) is determined every 50 nm from the center of the polarizing film to both outsides to 1 ⁇ m, and the average value thereof
- the 1 H-NMR chart obtained by the measurement was adjusted in phase so that the baseline was smooth, and then the average point was set to 20 and baseline correction was automatically performed. Next, it was automatically set as a reference so that the peak of heavy water as a measurement solvent was at a position of 4.65 ppm. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 1, the hydrogen peak of the hydrocarbon group contained in the boron-containing compound (B) was integrated to obtain the peak area.
- the boron-containing compound (B) used the hydrogen peak area of the hydrocarbon group contained in the boron-containing compound (B) not overlapping the hydrogen peak derived from PVA (A) (area c) as the peak area standard.
- the hydrogen number of the corresponding hydrocarbon in (B) and the value of the area c were set to be the same.
- the peak area (area d) was determined on the basis of the sum of the hydrogen peaks of hydrocarbon groups contained in.
- the area e was calculated by subtracting the hydrogen number of the hydrocarbon of the boron-containing compound (B) overlapping the hydrogen peak of the methylene group derived from PVA (A) from the area d.
- required by these methods was substituted in a following formula, and the boron element content derived from the boron containing compound (B) with respect to 100 mass parts of PVA (A) was computed.
- the numbers of X and Y in the following formula (2) are the hydrogen number of the hydrocarbon group contained in the boron-containing compound (B) not overlapping with the peak of PVA, and the number of boron per molecule of the boron-containing compound (B) It is.
- Formula (2) is a formula used when using undenatured PVA, and when using denatured PVA as a raw material, it is necessary to deform
- Boron element content (parts by mass) derived from the boron-containing compound (B) ⁇ (Area c / X) / (area e / 2) ⁇ x ⁇ (10.811 x Y) /44.0526 ⁇ x 100 (2)
- 10.811 is an atomic weight of boron
- 44.0526 is a molecular weight per mole of repeating unit of PVA without modification.
- the 1 H-NMR chart of FIG. 1 is obtained by measuring the polarizing film of Example 1. The content of boron element derived from the boron-containing compound (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA is 0. It became 5 mass parts.
- the boron element content derived from boric acid in the PVA film after the stretching treatment After stretching treatment, the PVA film before fixing treatment is collected and dried, and then humidity control is performed at 23 ° C./50% RH for 16 hours, and then the mass i (g) is measured, and the content of the PVA film is about 0 It was dissolved in about 20 mL of distilled water so as to be .005% by mass. The obtained aqueous solution was used as a measurement sample, and its mass j (g) was measured. Thereafter, the boron concentration k (ppm) of the measurement sample was measured using a multi-type ICP emission analyzer manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- Example 1 100 parts by mass of PVA (saponification degree 99.9%, polymerization degree 2400), 10 parts by mass of glycerin as a plasticizer, and 0.1 parts by mass of sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate as a surfactant, and the content of PVA is The PVA aqueous solution which is 10 mass% was produced.
- the film obtained by drying the PVA aqueous solution on a metal roll at 80 ° C. was heat-treated for 10 minutes in a hot air dryer (120 ° C.) to obtain a PVA film having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m and a degree of swelling of 200%.
- a sample of width 5 cm ⁇ length 9 cm was cut so that a range of width 5 cm ⁇ length 5 cm can be uniaxially stretched.
- the sample was subjected to swelling treatment by uniaxial stretching in the length direction 1.1 times while immersed in pure water at 30 ° C. for 30 seconds. Then it is 2.2 times (2.4 times in total) while being immersed for 60 seconds in an aqueous solution (staining treatment bath) (temperature 30 ° C) containing 0.035% by mass of iodine and 3.5% by mass of potassium iodide
- the film was uniaxially stretched in the lengthwise direction to adsorb iodine.
- the boron element content derived from boric acid in the film was 4.5 mass% .
- the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) derived from the boron-containing compound (B) in the range of 1 ⁇ m from the surface of the polarizing film to the inside is 5.0 atomic%.
- the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) derived from the boron-containing compound (B) in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 0.7 ⁇ m was 0.7 atomic%.
- the content of boron element derived from the boron-containing compound (B) relative to 100 parts by mass of the PVA was 0.5 parts by mass.
- the optical properties and shrinkage of the polarizing film were evaluated by the above-mentioned method using a polarizing film.
- the above results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 Polarized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution (temperature 30 ° C.) containing 0.5% by mass of 1,2-ethanediboronic acid and 4% by mass of potassium iodide was used in the fixed treatment bath. The film was made and each measurement and evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 Polarized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution (temperature 30 ° C.) containing 0.3% by mass of 1,4-butanediboronic acid and 4% by mass of potassium iodide was used in the fixing treatment bath. The film was made and each measurement and evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 A polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the time for immersion in the fixing treatment bath was changed to 10 seconds, and each measurement and evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 A polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the boric acid concentration of the stretching treatment bath was 2.0 mass%, the temperature of the stretching treatment bath was 58 ° C., and the immersion time in the fixed treatment bath was changed to 10 seconds. Then, each measurement and evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 1 While immersing in pure water at 30 ° C. for 120 seconds with reference to KR 10-2014-0075154, the film was subjected to swelling treatment by uniaxial stretching in the lengthwise direction so as to be 1.3 times in total. Then, while immersing in an aqueous solution (staining treatment bath) (temperature 30 ° C.) containing potassium iodide in a proportion of 10 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of iodine for 240 seconds, 1.1 times (1.4 times in total) ) While being uniaxially stretched in the longitudinal direction. Subsequently, while immersed in an aqueous solution (stretching treatment bath) at 50 ° C.
- staining treatment bath temperature 30 ° C.
- Comparative Example 2 A polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the concentration of 1,4-butanediboronic acid in the stretching treatment bath was changed to 0.2% by mass, and then each measurement and evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 3 A polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aqueous solution (temperature 30 ° C.) containing 2.0% by mass of boric acid and 3% by mass of potassium iodide was used as a fixing treatment bath. Then, each measurement and evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 4 An aqueous solution (temperature 30 ° C.) containing 2.0% by mass of boric acid and 3% by mass of potassium iodide was used as a fixed treatment bath, and the immersion time in the fixed treatment bath was changed to 10 seconds. A polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above, and each measurement and evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 5 The immersion time in the fixed treatment bath was changed to 10 seconds using an aqueous solution (temperature 30 ° C.) containing 1.0 mass% of boric acid and 3 mass% of potassium iodide as the fixed treatment bath. A polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except for the measurement and evaluation. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 6 The immersion time in the fixed treatment bath was changed to 10 seconds using an aqueous solution (temperature 30 ° C.) containing 0.5 mass% of boric acid and 3 mass% of potassium iodide as the fixed treatment bath. A polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above, and each measurement or evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 7 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the aqueous solution containing potassium iodide in a proportion of 2% by mass (temperature 30 ° C.) was used as the fixing treatment bath, and the immersion time in the fixing treatment bath was changed to 20 seconds. A polarizing film was produced, and each measurement and evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 8 As an immobilizing treatment bath, an aqueous solution (temperature 30 ° C.) containing 2.0 mass% boric acid and 3 mass% potassium iodide was used, and except that the drying temperature was changed to 100 ° C. A polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and each measurement and evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 3 to 8 in the same manner as in Example 1, an aqueous solution (dye processing bath) containing potassium iodide in a proportion of 100 parts by mass to 1 part by mass of iodine (temperature 30 ° C.) ), While being immersed for 60 seconds while uniaxially stretching in the lengthwise direction 2.2 times (2.4 times in total) to adsorb iodine. At this time, the concentrations of iodine and potassium iodide in the dyeing treatment bath were adjusted so that the transmittance of the polarizing film after drying was 43.8% to 44.2%.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 while being immersed in an aqueous solution (staining treatment bath) (temperature 30 ° C.) containing potassium iodide in a proportion of 10 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of iodine for 240 seconds, 1.1 times (overall The film was uniaxially stretched in the lengthwise direction to 1.4 times) to adsorb iodine. At this time, the concentrations of iodine and potassium iodide in the dyeing treatment bath were adjusted so that the transmittance of the polarizing film after drying was 43.8% to 44.2%.
- the polarizing films of Examples 1 to 5 satisfying the definition of the present invention are excellent in the optical characteristics of the polarizing film with a degree of polarization of 99.8% or more and a single b value of 0 to 3. It can be seen that the contraction force is also less than 12 N and the contraction force is low. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 2 in which the boron element concentration ( ⁇ ) derived from the boron-containing compound (B) exceeds 2% in the range from the center of the polarizing film to 1 ⁇ m to the outside, the shrinkage force is low, The optical properties were bad.
- the polarizing films of Comparative Examples 3 to 8 prepared without using the boron-containing compound (B) also have high contraction force (Comparative Examples 3 to 6) or insufficient optical properties (Comparative Examples 7 and 8). ), And these could not be made compatible.
- Measurement solvent Deuterium derived from heavy water 2 Peak derived from methine group of PVA 3 Peak derived from methylene group of PVA 4 Peak derived from hydrocarbon group included in boron-containing compound overlapping with peak derived from PVA 5 Peak derived from PVA Peaks derived from hydrocarbon groups contained in boron-containing compounds that do not overlap
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Abstract
Description
ス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)、2,2’-アゾビス(4-メトキシ-2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)である。過酸化物系開始剤は、例えばジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジ-2-エチルヘキシルパーオキシジカーボネート、ジエトキシエチルパーオキシジカーボネートなどのパーカーボネート系化合物;t-ブチルパーオキシネオデカネート、α-クミルパーオキシネオデカネートなどのパーエステル系化合物;アセチルシクロヘキシルスルホニルパーオキシド;2,4,4-トリメチルペンチル-2-パーオキシフェノキシアセテート;過酸化アセチルである。過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム、過酸化水素などを上記開始剤に組み合わせて重合開始剤としてもよい。レドックス系開始剤は、例えば上記の過酸化物系開始剤と亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、酒石酸、L-アスコルビン酸、ロンガリットなどの還元剤とを組み合わせた重合開始剤である。重合開始剤の使用量は、重合開始剤の種類により異なるために一概には決められないが、重合速度に応じて選択すればよい。例えば重合開始剤に2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリルあるいは過酸化アセチルを用いる場合、ビニルエステル単量体に対して0.01~0.2%が好ましく、0.02~0.15%がより好ましい。重合温度は特に限定されないが、室温~150℃程度が適当であり、好ましくは40℃以上かつ使用する溶媒の沸点以下である。
分の製膜原液中における含有割合)は、製膜方法、製膜条件などによっても異なるが、一般的には、50~95質量%の範囲内であることが好ましく、55~90質量%の範囲内であることがより好ましい。製膜原液の揮発分率が50質量%以上であることにより、製膜原液の粘度が高くなり過ぎず、製膜原液調製時の濾過や脱泡が円滑に行われ、異物や欠点の少ないPVAフィルムの製造が容易になる。一方、製膜原液の揮発分率が95質量%以下であることにより、製膜原液の濃度が低くなり過ぎず、工業的なPVAフィルムの製造が容易になる。
偏光フィルムの幅方向と長さ方向の中央部から、偏光フィルムの長さ方向4cm×幅方向2cmの長方形のサンプルを採取し、積分球付き分光光度計V-7100(日本分光株式会社製)とグランテーラ偏光子を備え付けた自動偏光フィルム測定装置VAP-7070S(日本分光株式会社製)を用いて、偏光フィルムのパラレル透過率およびクロスニコル透過率を測定した。なお、測定波長範囲は380nm~780nmに設定し、グランテーラ偏光子を通して偏光フィルムに入射される偏光の振動方向が、偏光フィルムの透過軸に平行な場合の透過率をパラレル透過率、偏光フィルムの透過軸に垂直な場合をクロスニコル透過率とした。その後、「偏光フィルム評価プログラム」(日本分光株式会社製)を用いて、JIS Z 8722(物体色の測定方法)に準拠するように、C光源、2°視野の可視光領域の視感度補正を行って、偏光フィルムの単体透過率、偏光度、単体b値(色相)の算出を行い、これら3つの値を偏光フィルムの光学特性として得た。
収縮力は島津製作所製の恒温槽付きオートグラフ「AG-X」とビデオ式伸び計「TR ViewX120S」を用いて測定した。測定にはおよそ20℃/20%RHで18時間調湿した偏光フィルムを使用した。オートグラフ「AG-X」の恒温槽を20℃にした後、偏光フィルム(長さ方向15cm、幅方向1.5cm)をチャック(チャック間隔5cm)に取り付け、引張り開始と同時に、10℃/分の昇温速度で80℃へ恒温槽の昇温を開始した。偏光フィルムを1mm/minの速さで引張り、張力が2Nに到達した時点で引張りを停止し、その状態で4時間後までの張力を測定した。このとき、熱膨張によってチャック間の距離が変わるため、上下それぞれのチャックに標線シールを貼り、ビデオ式伸び計「TR ViewX120S」を用いてチャック間の距離が一定になるように標線シールが動いた分だけ修正しながら測定を行った。なお、測定初期(測定開始10分以内)に、張力に極小値が生じる場合には、4時間後の張力の測定値から極小値を差し引き、その値を偏光フィルムの収縮力とした。
ガスクラスターイオンビーム銃付きX線光電子分光器(アルバック・ファイ株式会社製:PHI5000 VersaProbe II)(GCIB-XPS)を用いて偏光フィルム中のホウ素含有化合物(B)由来のホウ素元素濃度を測定した。測定にはおよそ23℃/50%RHで16時間調湿した偏光フィルムを使用した。スパッタイオン源Ar2500+ 、加速電圧20keV、電流値30nAの条件で中和しながら2mm×2mmの範囲でスパッタを行い、深さ方向に50nmスパッタするごとにX線光電子分光測定(XPS測定)を行った。XPS測定は、X線源に単色化Alを用いて、X線スポット径は100μm、X線出力は15kV、25Wの設定で行い、検出元素は炭素、ホウ素、酸素、ヨウ素、カリウムの5種を選択した。なお、二色性色素に二色性染料を用いる場合は、二色性染料に含まれる窒素、硫黄などの元素も検出元素に適宜選択する必要がある。次に解析ソフト「MultiPack」(アルバック・ファイ株式会社製)を用いて、C-C、C-H結合の結合エネルギーである284.8eVを基準にし、偏光フィルムの各深さにおけるホウ素元素濃度(a、原子%)を算出した。その後、各深さにおけるXPSスペクトルについて、表計算ソフト「Microsoft 2010」(マイクロソフト株式会社製)を用いて、ホウ酸のホウ素に起因する結合エネルギーを192.3eV、ホウ素含有化合物(B)のホウ素に起因する結合エネルギーを適宜設定し、擬フォークト関数を用いて最小二乗法でピーク分離を行った。なお、187から189eVのXPSスペクトルの強度の平均値と195から197eVのXPSスペクトルの平均値から算出した一次関数をベースラインとして用いた。このようにしてホウ酸由来のホウ素とホウ素含有化合物(B)のホウ素の合計に対する、ホウ素含有化合物(B)由来のホウ素のピーク面積率(b、%)を算出し、下記計算式(1)に代入することで、各深さにおけるホウ素含有化合物(B)由来のホウ素元素濃度を算出した。
ホウ素含有化合物(B)由来のホウ素元素濃度(原子%)
=a×b×10-2 (1)
23℃/50%RHで16時間調湿した偏光フィルムを重水でおよそ0.003質量%になるように溶解した後、およそ0.15質量%になるように、ロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮した溶液を1H-NMRの測定サンプルとした。1H-NMR(日本電子株式会社製JNM-AL400:400MHz)測定は80℃で行い、ALICE2(日本電子株式会社製)を用いて以下の方法で解析した。測定して得られた1H-NMRチャートについて、ベースラインが滑らかになるように位相を調整した後、アベレージポイントを20に設定して自動でベースラインの補正を行った。次に、測定溶媒である重水のピークが4.65ppmの位置になるように、リファレンスとして自動で設定した。その後、図1のようにホウ素含有化合物(B)に含まれる炭化水素基の水素ピークを積分して、そのピーク面積を求めた。このとき、PVA(A)由来の水素ピークと重なっていないホウ素含有化合物(B)に含まれる炭化水素基の水素ピーク面積を足し合わせたもの(面積c)をピーク面積の基準にし、ホウ素含有化合物(B)の該当する炭化水素の水素数と面積cの値が同じになるように設定した。次に1.7ppm~2.4ppmの範囲の水素ピークを、PVA(A)のメチレン基由来の水素ピークと、PVA(A)のメチレン基由来の水素ピークと重なっているホウ素含有化合物(B)に含まれる炭化水素基の水素ピークの合計と見なしてピーク面積(面積d)を求めた。その後、PVA(A)由来のメチレン基の水素ピークと重なっているホウ素含有化合物(B)の炭化水素の水素数を面積dから差し引いた面積eを算出した。これらの方法で求めた値を下記式に代入してPVA(A)100質量部に対するホウ素含有化合物(B)由来のホウ素元素含有量を算出した。なお、下記式(2)のX、YはそれぞれPVAのピークと重なっていないホウ素含有化合物(B)に含まれる炭化水素基の水素数と、ホウ素含有化合物(B)の1分子当たりのホウ素数である。なお、式(2)は、変性されていないPVAを用いた時に用いられる式であり、変性されたPVAを原料として用いるときには、式(2)を適宜変形する必要がある。
ホウ素含有化合物(B)由来のホウ素元素含有量(質量部)
={(面積c/X)/(面積e/2)}×{(10.811×Y)/44.0526}×100 (2)
およそ23℃/50%RHで16時間調湿した偏光フィルムの質量f(g)を測定し、偏光フィルムがおよそ0.005質量%になるように蒸留水およそ20mLに溶解した。偏光フィルムを溶解した水溶液を測定サンプルとし、その質量g(g)を測定した。その後、島津製作所製マルチ形ICP発光分析装置を用いて測定サンプルのホウ素濃度h(ppm)を測定した。その後、下記式(3)に値を代入して算出した値を偏光フィルム中の全ホウ素元素含有量(質量%)とした。
偏光フィルム中の全ホウ素元素含有量(質量%)
=[(h×10-6×g)/f]×100 (3)
延伸処理後、固定処理前のPVAフィルムを採取して乾燥させてから23℃/50%RHで16時間調湿した後、質量i(g)を測定し、当該PVAフィルムの含有量が約0.005質量%になるように蒸留水約20mLに溶解させた。得られた水溶液を測定サンプルとし、その質量j(g)を測定した。その後、島津製作所製マルチ形ICP発光分析装置を用いて測定サンプルのホウ素濃度k(ppm)を測定した。その後、下記式(4)に値を代入して算出した値を延伸処理後、固定処理前のPVAフィルムにおけるホウ酸由来のホウ素元素含有量(質量%)とした。
PVAフィルム中のホウ酸由来のホウ素元素含有量(質量%)
=[(k×10-6×j)/i]×100 (4)
PVAフィルムを5cm×10cmにカットし、30℃の蒸留水1000mLに30分間浸漬した。その後、PVAフィルムを取り出し、ろ紙でPVAフィルム表面の水分をふき取り、浸漬後のPVAフィルム質量(質量l)を測定した。その後、105℃の乾燥機にPVAフィルムを入れ、16時間乾燥させた後、乾燥後のPVAフィルム質量(質量m)を測定した。PVAフィルムの膨潤度は下記式(5)に質量lと質量mの値を代入して算出した。
膨潤度(%)=(質量l/質量m) ×100 (5)
PVA(けん化度99.9%、重合度2400)100質量部、可塑剤としてグリセリン10質量部、及び界面活性剤としてポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム0.1質量部を含み、PVAの含有率が10質量%であるPVA水溶液を作製した。前記PVA水溶液を80℃の金属ロール上で乾燥して得られたフィルムを熱風乾燥機中(120℃)で10分間熱処理し、厚みが30μm、膨潤度が200%のPVAフィルムを得た。
固定処理浴に1,2-エタンジボロン酸を0.5質量%及びヨウ化カリウムを4質量%の割合で含有する水溶液(温度30℃)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして偏光フィルムを作製して、各測定及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
固定処理浴に1,4-ブタンジボロン酸を0.3質量%及びヨウ化カリウムを4質量%の割合で含有する水溶液(温度30℃)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして偏光フィルムを作製して、各測定及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
固定処理浴に浸漬する時間を10秒に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして偏光フィルムを作製して、各測定及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
延伸処理浴のホウ酸濃度を2.0質量%、延伸処理浴温度を58℃、固定処理浴に浸漬する時間を10秒に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして偏光フィルムを作製して、各測定及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
KR10-2014-0075154号公報を参考に、30℃の純水で120秒間浸漬しつつ全体で1.3倍になるように長さ方向に一軸延伸して膨潤処理した。続いてヨウ素1質量部に対してヨウ化カリウムを10質量部の割合で含有する水溶液(染色処理浴)(温度30℃)に240秒間浸漬しつつ、1.1倍(全体で1.4倍)に長さ方向に一軸延伸しながら染色処理した。引き続き、1,4-ブタンジボロン酸0.5質量%及びヨウ化カリウム5質量%の割合で含有する50℃の水溶液(延伸処理浴)に120秒間浸漬しつつ4.3倍(全体で6.0倍)に長さ方向に一軸延伸した。その後、30℃の純水(洗浄処理浴)に10秒間浸漬した。最後に60℃で4分間乾燥して偏光フィルムを作製した。得られた偏光フィルムについて、各測定及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
延伸処理浴の1,4-ブタンジボロン酸濃度を0.2質量%に変更したこと以外は比較例1と同様にして偏光フィルムを作製した後、各測定及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
固定処理浴として、ホウ酸を2.0質量%及びヨウ化カリウムを3質量%の割合で含有する水溶液(温度30℃)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして偏光フィルムを作製して、各測定及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
固定処理浴として、ホウ酸を2.0質量%及びヨウ化カリウムを3質量%の割合で含有する水溶液(温度30℃)を用いたこと、及び固定処理浴に浸漬する時間を10秒に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして偏光フィルムを作製して、各測定及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
固定処理浴として、ホウ酸を1.0質量%及びヨウ化カリウムを3質量%の割合で含有する水溶液(温度30℃)を用いて、固定処理浴に浸漬する時間を10秒に変更したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして偏光フィルムを作製して、各測定及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
固定処理浴として、ホウ酸を0.5質量%及びヨウ化カリウムを3質量%の割合で含有する水溶液(温度30℃)を用いて、固定処理浴に浸漬する時間を10秒に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして偏光フィルムを作製して、各測定または評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
固定処理浴として、ヨウ化カリウムを2質量%の割合で含有する水溶液(温度30℃)を用いて、固定処理浴に浸漬する時間を20秒に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして偏光フィルムを作製して、各測定及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
固定処理浴として、ホウ酸を2.0質量%及びヨウ化カリウムを3質量%の割合で含有する水溶液(温度30℃)を用いたこと、及び乾燥温度を100℃に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして偏光フィルムを作製して、各測定及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
2 PVAのメチン基由来のピーク
3 PVAのメチレン基由来のピーク
4 PVA由来のピークと重なる、ホウ素含有化合物に含まれる炭化水素基由来のピーク
5 PVA由来のピークと重ならない、ホウ素含有化合物に含まれる炭化水素基由来のピーク
Claims (5)
- ポリビニルアルコール(A)、下記式(I)で表わされるジボロン酸及び水の存在下で該ジボロン酸に転化し得る化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種のホウ素含有化合物(B)及びホウ酸(C)を含む偏光フィルムであって、
前記偏光フィルムの表面から内側に1μmまでの範囲における、ホウ素含有化合物(B)由来のホウ素元素濃度(α)が1~7原子%であり、中心から外側に1μmまでの範囲における、ホウ素含有化合物(B)由来のホウ素元素濃度(β)が0.1~2原子%であり、かつ
濃度(β)に対する濃度(α)の比(α/β)が1.5以上であることを特徴とする偏光フィルム。
- 前記偏光フィルム中のホウ素含有化合物(B)由来のホウ素元素含有量が、ポリビニルアルコール(A)100質量部に対して、0.1~3.0質量部である請求項1に記載の偏光フィルム。
- R1が脂肪族基である請求項1又は2に記載の偏光フィルム。
- 前記偏光フィルム中の全ホウ素元素含有量が1.0~5.0質量%である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の偏光フィルム。
- ポリビニルアルコールフィルムを二色性色素で染色する染色処理、及び該フィルムをホウ酸水溶液中で一軸延伸する延伸処理を含む偏光フィルムの製造方法において、
ホウ酸由来のホウ素元素含有量が0.5~5.0質量%である延伸処理後のポリビニルアルコールフィルムを、ホウ素含有化合物(B)の濃度が0.1~5.0質量%である水溶液に浸漬してから該フィルムを95℃以下で乾燥させることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法。
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