WO2019136570A1 - Sistema para superponer ac sobre dc en procesos electrolíticos - Google Patents
Sistema para superponer ac sobre dc en procesos electrolíticos Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019136570A1 WO2019136570A1 PCT/CL2019/050006 CL2019050006W WO2019136570A1 WO 2019136570 A1 WO2019136570 A1 WO 2019136570A1 CL 2019050006 W CL2019050006 W CL 2019050006W WO 2019136570 A1 WO2019136570 A1 WO 2019136570A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alternating current
- series
- cell
- cells
- electrode
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/12—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- electric current rectifiers are used to produce electrolytic copper from copper that is dissolved in the circulating electrolyte inside electrolytic cells, both in electro-obtaining (EW) processes, as in electro processes.
- copper refining (ER) (figure N Q 2).
- the electric current generated by the rectifiers which are sources of direct current, causes the deposit of the copper dissolved in the electrolyte on the cathode surface which, according to Faraday's law, is proportional to the current, resulting in metallic copper High purity adhered to cathodes that are usually permanent stainless steel sheets, that is, they are sown without copper, and then, after a period of deposit, they are harvested with a copper foil adhered on both sides.
- the circulating electrolyte is mainly composed of water and sulfuric acid in an approximate proportion of 180 [gr / l].
- the copper dissolved in the electrolyte is normally found in proportions of the order of 30 to 50 [gr / l].
- dissolved copper enters the electrolytic cells through a pipe system that interconnect the EW process with the previous production stages of solvent extraction and leaching of minerals or other species containing copper.
- copper is obtained by dissolving anodes of impure copper, which come from the previous stages of concentration and smelting.
- the electrolytic cells are containers with a rectangular base and depth such that the electrodes involved in the electrolytic process are inserted inside them, so that they are mostly immersed in the circulating electrolyte (Figure N ° 3).
- the electrodes anodes and cathodes
- the electrodes are inserted interspersed so that there is always a cathode between two anodes; In this way, in EW processes, always the first and the last electrode are anodes.
- the electrodes since the objective is to dissolve the anodes that come from the smelting process, the electrodes (anode and cathodes), are inserted interspersed so that there is always an anode between two cathodes.
- the first and the last electrode are cathodes.
- the copper deposition process both in EW and ER, has restrictions in terms of the ability to deposit copper in the cathode, since it is a known fact that the arbitrary increase in the density of current in the electrodes deteriorates the quality Chemistry and physics of deposited copper.
- current densities of the order of 200 to 450 [A / m 2 ]. If the current level is increased, an increase in production is obtained, but at the cost of a severe deterioration in the quality of the copper produced.
- EW electroobtention
- ER electrorefining
- the control variables of the metallurgical process are: copper concentration, flow and electrolyte temperature.
- EW industrial plants which produce copper with current densities greater than 300 [A / m2] while maintaining a good chemical physical quality of the deposit, operate at temperatures above 45 [° C], high surface flows of the order of 2.2 [lt / min / m2] and copper concentrations greater than 45 [gr / l]. This implies a high operational cost, which is reasonable if the international copper valuation is high, however, in medium and low valuation scenarios, a high operational cost is critical for the operational continuity of the plant.
- the current density is even more restricted by the phenomenon of passivation of the anodes, so they are typically restricted to work at current densities below 320 [A / m2] and, even so, they must operate at temperatures above 60 [° C] to preserve the quality of the tank.
- the flow is not a variable available in the ER plants, as an increase in the flow produces agitation of the anodic mud that contaminates the lower proportion of the cathodes produced.
- electrochemical double layer Although it is not our objective to study in detail the phenomenon of electrodeposition, or the phenomena that occur in the electrodelectrolyte interface, called "electrochemical double layer", it is necessary to mention that in the modeling of the electrochemical double layer, two perfectly differentiated electrolyte layers are discovered, as the name implies, which have different behavior: the inner or Helmholtz layer and the outer or diffuse layer. Inside the Helmholtz layer, the complex phenomenon of the transformation of copper into solution into metallic copper occurs.
- the Helmholtz layer can be modeled simply as a capacitor, consisting of a plate metallic (the electrode) and another non-metallic plate, consisting of the high concentration of ions in the electrolyte, connected in parallel with an impedance of resistive characteristic that represents the energy consumption necessary to transform dissolved copper ions, into atoms in the network Metallic crystalline cathode (copper reduction) ( Figure N ° 4).
- the metal plate of this capacitor supports large variations of surface charge, since it is a metallic conductor; on the contrary, the variations of electric charge in the non-metallic plate of this capacitor will necessarily generate variations in the distribution of ions in the diffuse layer, since the ions occupy a physical space within the solution; that is to say, the superposition of alternating current, generates movement of ions in the vicinity of the electrodelectrolyte interface.
- a true “hydraulic pump” is implemented that mobilizes ions in the vicinity of the electrode, where mechanical agitation methods do not reach, because the viscosity of the solution prevents it ( Figure N ° 5).
- the double layer capacitor will withstand large load variations without large voltage variations, since its capacitance is extremely high.
- the phenomenon of transformation of copper ions in solution to copper atoms, integrated into the metallic crystalline network It occurs in the same way as in the classical process, but with a great improvement in the quality of the transport phenomena in the vicinity of the electrode towards the solution.
- Mathews US 2007/0272546 A1 involves: changing and discarding the current operating sources of current; change and discard the entire bus bar connection between the direct current source and the electrolytic cells; and, change and discard the entire structure of current electrolytic cells. All of which must be replaced by new and non-standardized equipment for industrial production.
- PROPOSED SOLUTION The solution proposed in this application consists in circulating the high frequency alternating current, between the end electrodes of each electrolytic cell, from the first and the last electrode, and from each electrode to the next, through the electrolyte contained between the electrodes; while simultaneously, the direct current circulates in parallel, from the anodes to the cathodes, through the electrolyte contained between the electrodes, either for electro-obtaining or electro-refining processes of copper and other metals (Figure N ° 8)
- the connection point chosen for the sources that is, the outer or extreme electrodes of each cell, has, in practice, zero voltage, so that the alternating current source can be of standard design, in particular, the sources of AC generation for induction heating.
- the solution proposed in this invention is to install alternating current sources, whose current capacity is equivalent to the current capacity of one side of an electrode, and connect it to the outer electrodes or ends of the circuit cells to the that you want to apply superposition of alternating current on the direct current.
- AC sources thus connected in cells of 60 cathodes, must have a capacity of 300 [A], instead of 36 [KA]
- 300 [A] is a very small electrical equipment.
- the solution claimed in this invention does not use the original direct current busbar circuit of the system, so it is not necessary to consider losses in conductors or in contacts, so there will be no extra heating due to the circulation of alternating current on the direct current bus system.
- the only current connection will be in the two outer electrodes of the cell, joints that can be bolted and therefore, with much safer and low resistance contacts.
- the alternating current source can be implemented with any of the available technologies.
- the operating frequency of this source must be greater than 5 [KHz]
- the intensity of the current, generated by this source of alternating current will be linked to the value of the intensity of the direct current, since it makes no sense to inject alternating current when the direct current is very low or zero. Otherwise, the EW and ER processes only make sense when there is direct current flowing. From the point of view of industrial implementation, the technology proposed in this invention can be implemented with a minimum impact on the operation of the plant that originally operated with the conventional EW or ER process, since the installation of the components can be carried out practically without interrupting the normal operation of the plant.
- Figure N s 4 ⁇ Electric model of the Helmholtz layer, as a capacitor in parallel with a resistive element, which models the energy consumption necessary to transform ions in solution to atoms in a metallic crystalline network.
- the individualized sectors are: (a) the interior of the metal electrode; (b) the inner or Heimholtz layer modeled as a capacitor bank and a resistive element, which represents the energy consumption to transform dissolved ions in the solution, into atoms in the metallic crystalline lattice; (c) the diffuse layer and (d) the sine of the solution.
- the individualized sectors are: (a) the interior of the metal electrode, on whose surface charges accumulate in a space of minimum width, as it is a metallic conductor; (b) the inner or Heimholtz layer, modeled as a capacitor bank and a resistive element, which represents the energy consumption to transform dissolved ions in the solution, into atoms in the metallic crystalline lattice; (c) the diffuse layer in which agitation of the ions in solution occurs, in the sense of the electric field imposed by the superimposed current and (d) within the solution.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA3089016A CA3089016A1 (en) | 2018-01-15 | 2019-01-15 | System for superimposing ac on dc in electrolytic processes |
PE2020000951A PE20210063A1 (es) | 2018-01-15 | 2019-01-15 | Sistema para inyectar corriente alterna en los electrodos extremos de celdas electroliticas, de manera que la corriente alterna circula en serie desde el primer hasta el ultimo electrodo y desde un electrodo al siguiente mientras la corriente continua circula en paralelo desde los anodos a los catodos |
BR112020014452-5A BR112020014452A2 (pt) | 2018-01-15 | 2019-01-15 | sistema para sobrepor corrente alternada, à corrente contínua que circula em uma célula eletrolítica ou em células eletrolíticas consecutivas |
CN201980013752.2A CN112424397A (zh) | 2018-01-15 | 2019-01-15 | 电解过程中交流与直流叠加的系统 |
US16/962,168 US11319637B2 (en) | 2018-01-15 | 2019-01-15 | System for superimposing AC on DC in electrolytic processes |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CL114-2018 | 2018-01-15 | ||
CL2018000114A CL2018000114A1 (es) | 2018-01-15 | 2018-01-15 | Sistema para inyectar corriente alterna en los electrodos extremos de celdas electrolíticas, de manera que la corriente alterna circula en serie desde el primer hasta el ultimo electrodo y desde un el electrodo mientras la corriente continua circula en paralelo desde los ánodos a los cátodos |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2019136570A1 true WO2019136570A1 (es) | 2019-07-18 |
Family
ID=63046464
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CL2019/050006 WO2019136570A1 (es) | 2018-01-15 | 2019-01-15 | Sistema para superponer ac sobre dc en procesos electrolíticos |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11319637B2 (es) |
CN (1) | CN112424397A (es) |
BR (1) | BR112020014452A2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA3089016A1 (es) |
CL (1) | CL2018000114A1 (es) |
PE (1) | PE20210063A1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2019136570A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CL2018002901A1 (es) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-02-01 | Ionica Spa | Un sistema para inyectar corriente alterna en celdas electrolíticas que contienen múltiples ánodos y catados intercalados, para procesos de electro obtención o electro refinación de cobre y otros metales; el cual provee la corriente alterna, en grupos consecutivos de electrodos. |
CL2018002956A1 (es) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-02-01 | Un sistema para inyectar corriente alterna en celdas electrolíticas que contienen múltiples ánodos y cátodos intercalados, para procesos de electro obtención o electro refinación de cobre y otros metales, el cual provee una fuente de corriente conectada en los electrodos extremos de la celda y láminas que separan los electrodos de la celda en grupos consecutivos de electrodos consecutivos, las cuales coetan el camino de fuga de la corriente alterna. |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8580089B2 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2013-11-12 | Ingenieria Y Desarrollo Technologico S.A. | System for the superposition of alternating current in electrolysis processes |
EP3072993A2 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-09-28 | Hecker Electrónica Potencia Y Procesos S.A. | Method of superimposing alternating current on direct current for methods for the electrowinning or electrorefining of copper or other products, in which the alternating current source is connected between two consecutive cells of the electrolytic cell group using an inductor for injecting alternating current and a capacitor for closing the electric circuit |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3535218A (en) * | 1967-09-26 | 1970-10-20 | Donald A Brown | Process for recovering copper from leach liquor |
US3717568A (en) * | 1970-04-21 | 1973-02-20 | Bro Lee Inc | Apparatus for removing minerals from ore |
US4159231A (en) * | 1978-08-04 | 1979-06-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Method of producing a lead dioxide coated cathode |
US7112121B2 (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2006-09-26 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for electrical, mechanical and/or chemical removal of conductive material from a microelectronic substrate |
US7041203B2 (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2006-05-09 | John Timothy Sullivan | Apparatus and method for generating and using multi-direction DC and AC electrical currents |
AU2006236001A1 (en) * | 2005-11-14 | 2007-05-31 | Hecker Electronica De Potencia Y Procesos S.A. | Process for optimizing the process of copper electro-winning and electro-refining by superimposing a sinussoidal current over a continuous current |
WO2011123896A1 (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-13 | Mipac Pty Ltd | Monitoring device |
CL2014002834A1 (es) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-16 | Hecker Electronica De Potencia Y Procesos S A | Proceso de electroobtencion de cobre de alta calidad para soluciones de baja concentración de cobre y baja temperatura controlado por tensión y con aplicación de corriente alterna. |
SG11202005062SA (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2020-06-29 | Alligant Scientific Llc | Electrochemical methods, devices and compositions |
-
2018
- 2018-01-15 CL CL2018000114A patent/CL2018000114A1/es unknown
-
2019
- 2019-01-15 CN CN201980013752.2A patent/CN112424397A/zh active Pending
- 2019-01-15 WO PCT/CL2019/050006 patent/WO2019136570A1/es active Application Filing
- 2019-01-15 PE PE2020000951A patent/PE20210063A1/es unknown
- 2019-01-15 US US16/962,168 patent/US11319637B2/en active Active
- 2019-01-15 BR BR112020014452-5A patent/BR112020014452A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-01-15 CA CA3089016A patent/CA3089016A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8580089B2 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2013-11-12 | Ingenieria Y Desarrollo Technologico S.A. | System for the superposition of alternating current in electrolysis processes |
EP3072993A2 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-09-28 | Hecker Electrónica Potencia Y Procesos S.A. | Method of superimposing alternating current on direct current for methods for the electrowinning or electrorefining of copper or other products, in which the alternating current source is connected between two consecutive cells of the electrolytic cell group using an inductor for injecting alternating current and a capacitor for closing the electric circuit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA3089016A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
PE20210063A1 (es) | 2021-01-11 |
US11319637B2 (en) | 2022-05-03 |
US20200340131A1 (en) | 2020-10-29 |
BR112020014452A2 (pt) | 2020-12-01 |
CL2018000114A1 (es) | 2018-05-11 |
CN112424397A (zh) | 2021-02-26 |
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