WO2020077479A1 - Sistema para inyectar corriente alterna en celdas electrolíticas, que comprende láminas que separan los electrodos de la celda en grupos - Google Patents
Sistema para inyectar corriente alterna en celdas electrolíticas, que comprende láminas que separan los electrodos de la celda en grupos Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020077479A1 WO2020077479A1 PCT/CL2019/050099 CL2019050099W WO2020077479A1 WO 2020077479 A1 WO2020077479 A1 WO 2020077479A1 CL 2019050099 W CL2019050099 W CL 2019050099W WO 2020077479 A1 WO2020077479 A1 WO 2020077479A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- cell
- consecutive
- electrolyte
- alternating current
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- Electrolytic copper is produced industrially through electrolytic processes that are: (i) the final stage of processing of oxidized minerals and secondary sulphides, whose transformation into metallic copper, occurs through the process of electrowinning (EW, electrowinning), and (ii) the final stage of primary sulfide mineral processing, through the electro refining (ER) process.
- Electrolytic copper is produced on metal cathodes, which is the main format in which copper is sold in the world.
- Electrolytic processes occur inside electrolytic cells, in which the electrodes (anodes and cathodes) are inserted. It is possible to define the concept of "elemental electrolytic cell", as the set consisting of an anode surface facing a cathodic surface, electrically connected through the electrolyte contained between them.
- industrial electrolytic cells are made up of multiple elementary electrolytic cells, in which the anodes are connected to a common bus (also called inter-cell bus), through which the positive pole of the direct current source is connected, and the cathodes to another common bus (another inter-cell bus), through which the negative pole of the direct current source is connected.
- the cells are grouped together and electrically connected in series to a direct current electrical source, usually a rectifying transformer, which produces the direct current necessary for the copper dissolved in the electrolyte to deposit in the cathodes.
- the direct current enters the electrolyte from the anodes, through a process of oxidation of water molecules, of which the electrolyte is formed, by which gaseous oxygen is generated, which escapes to the surface, and protons (H + ) they act as ionic electrical carriers; causing in turn and simultaneously, that the copper is deposited on the cathodes, through a process of reduction, at a rate that is determined by the intensity of the direct current.
- the electrolyte that circulates inside the electrowinning cells is an ionic solution composed of: water, sulfuric acid, in a concentration of around 180 [gr / lt] and copper, in a concentration of 30 to 50 [gr / lt] for the EW process;
- the incoming electrolyte is rich electrolyte and the outgoing electrolyte of the cells is poor electrolyte, since the electrowinning process decreases the copper concentration.
- the electrolyte that circulates inside the electro-refining cells has slightly higher concentrations, between 40 and 60 [gr / lt] and, in this In this case, the electrolyte leaving the cells has a higher concentration than the concentration of the incoming electrolyte, because the deposition process is a cascade of the dissolution process, therefore, the deposition rate (mass / unit of time) of copper on cathodes, it must be less than the dissolution rate of the anodes.
- the electro-refining plants have groups of auxiliary electrowinning cells, which control the elevation of the copper concentration.
- the anodes for industrial electrowinning processes are, for the most part, lead sheets with a copper bar soldered on the upper edge, which operates as a mechanical support, in which one of its ends operates as a connection terminal to the bar inter-cell and, in which the other, is a simple mechanical support (inert terminal).
- a coating of lead dioxide is formed, which catalyzes the oxidation reaction of the water.
- Lead anodes have thicknesses between 6 and 9 [mm] of lead, for new anodes, which decreases over the life of the anodes, since the oxidation process of the water is chemically aggressive, due to the generation of protons (high local pH), as mechanically aggressive, due to the permanent formation of gaseous oxygen bubbles. Due to this, it is observed that lead anodes are not dimensionally stable. To solve this, technologies have been developed that tend to provide dimensionally stable anodes (DSA), based on sheets or rectangular meshes of titanium, covered by noble metal oxides, which together with an effect of reducing the anode over potential, generate an alternative interesting to replace lead anodes. The rectangular mesh structure gives the process an improvement in the circulation of the electrolyte.
- DSA dimensionally stable anodes
- the anodes are shaped as rectangular plates of impure copper, in thicknesses of the order of 40 [mm], in newly planted anodes, and which, as a result of the oxidation process, dissolve and supply the copper to the electrolyte, to then deposit on the cathode, while a part of the impurities precipitate in the bottom of the cell, forming the anode mud.
- the cathodes for the electro-obtaining and electro-refining processes can be formed as permanent cathodes or as initial sheets.
- the permanent cathodes are made up of stainless steel sheets with a copper bar welded to its upper edge, which acts as a mechanical support and connection terminal to the inter-cell bar, which are inserted without copper and, later, after a deposit period that varies between four and seven days, depending on the applied DC density, they are removed with metallic copper adhered on both sides;
- the initial copper sheets which are the product of a previous process that produces them for this purpose, are seeded in the cell. On these initial sheets, copper is then deposited, which is harvested after a certain time.
- a similar phenomenon of large proton agglomeration occurs in the vicinity of the anode surface, where the anodes are generated from the oxidation of water.
- the agglomerations of electric charges generate electric fields and potentials (and vice versa), whose intensities and values are determined by strict mathematical relationships (Maxwell's laws), such that an agglomeration of ions (protons and other ionic species) It will generate a high electric field which, in turn, will cause a high difference in electric potential.
- the overpotentials are added to the thermodynamic potential to determine the energy consumption of the electrowinning and electrorefining processes.
- the agglomeration of protons and other ionic species, at the cathodic interface largely conditions the cathodic over-potential, as well as a high electric field, which, in turn, It determines “the climate” in which the reduction of copper ions occurs, a phenomenon that, instead of occurring through charge transfer, in this climate tends to occur through dielectric breakdown.
- the solution proposed in the INAPI application 1 14-2018 constitutes a radical change from the approach of the previous inventions and solutions, proposing the implementation of an alternating current source for a cell, whose current capacity must be dimensioned to excite only one side of each electrode, so that the design and implementation problem of the alternating current source is dramatically simplified.
- the direct current flows from the face of the anodes and then, through the electrolyte to the face of the cathodes, as a result of the electrical source being firmly connected at the terminals of the anodes, at its positive pole, and at the cathodes, at its negative pole, so that the electric field lines and the direct current circulate, from each electrode to the consecutive electrodes, exclusively (figure 1).
- the direct current that circulates from the anode surfaces to the cathodic ones is determined by the phenomenon modeled and studied by electrochemical kinetics and which can be expressed by graphs in the Vl plane (voltage-current plane). Accordingly, the overpotentials in the vicinity of the electrode surface are an increasing function of the direct current intensity, thus, if by a determined area of The electrode surface circulates more current, so the potential envelope increases.
- the voltages In the context in which the electrodes are connected in parallel, the voltages must be equal, so that the existence of overpotentials acts as a control mechanism for the intensity of the direct current.
- the distribution of direct current on the electrode surfaces is determined by a current divider with resistive impedances (objects in the Vl plane).
- the current distribution between the electrodes will be even; therefore, the irregularity of the current distribution between electrodes is mainly determined by the aforementioned electrolyte conditions.
- the technical problem to be solved consists of how to implement the superposition of alternating current, of high intensity and controlled, with a frequency greater than 5 [KHz], on the direct current, which circulates from the anode surfaces to the cathodic surfaces, in electrolytic cells that contain multiple anodes and intercalated cathodes, both for electro-obtaining processes and for electro-refining processes of copper and other metals, mitigating the variability effect of alternating current on the surfaces of the electrodes, product of circulation by the alternative paths and mitigating the spread of the variability of the intensity of the alternating current, product of local process defects, which is evidenced by connecting an alternating current source at the end electrodes of the cell, producing a current distribution alternates in the electrodes that presents a high variability, similar to the graph or 1 in figure 3.
- the invention object of this invention patent application, proposes to solve the technical problem by interrupting the continuity, through the installation of dielectric sheets, of the main leakage path of alternating current, defined by the edges of the electrodes and the inner faces of the cell.
- the alternating current is forced, every certain reduced number of electrodes, to flow, in a high proportion of its maximum intensity, through their surfaces (figure 4), obtaining a distribution of alternating current intensities in the electrodes, similar to that shown in graph 3 or 4 of figure 3.
- the incorporation of separator sheets intervenes in the cell's hydraulic circuit, so the invention takes charge of this fact by proposing two implementation alternatives which are: administer the flow, as parallel flows, or to manage the flow, as series flow, solving the technical problem posed.
- the invention is then constituted as a system for superimposing high intensity and controlled alternating current with a frequency greater than 5 [KHz], on the direct current, which circulates from the anode surfaces to the cathodic surfaces, in electrolytic cells containing multiple anodes and cathodes intercalated, for processes of electro obtaining or electro refining of copper and other metals, characterized by providing:
- the invention which reformulates the electrolyte circulation system and restricts the path of alternating current leakage around the edges of the electrodes, solves a technical problem that appears to be completely in the electrical field, with a completely hydraulic methodology.
- Alternating current sources can easily be implemented as inverters that generate current of the appropriate frequency for the process.
- a An important characteristic that must be considered in the design of these sources is that, even though the current to be injected into the cell groups is relatively high (over 200 [Arms]), the active power required by the process is practically nil. , since the alternating current circulates through the capacitors of the interfaces and through the electrolyte, which has a very high electrical conductivity, and must therefore supply only the power of the losses in: the source elements, the conductors and the elements of connection.
- the sources consisting of: an AC / DC converter or a DC / DC converter, a low current inverter and a transformer with a turn in the secondary winding, will turn out to be very robust and low cost, being easily adaptable to operate in the environmental and geometric conditions, which characterize industrial electrolytic processes.
- Electric transformers can be implemented with flat spiral primary and secondary windings, as well as can be implemented with a tubular secondary winding (a spiral) and a primary winding, inserted inside. In both cases, implementations of the transformers will comply with being robust, with minimal geometry and very low cost (figure 7).
- the capacitor must always have over-current or short-circuit protection, be it fuse, thermo-magnetic or other protection, since the short-circuit capacity of an electrolytic cell is very high.
- the connection at the end anodes of the cell can be carried out as a bolted connection, drilling the upper bar of the anodes, particularly for the electrowinning process in which the anodes are fixed, or by using quick connectors that connect to the top end of the copper plates.
- this invention does not solve the technical problem of the leakage of alternating current through the anode holes formed as a mesh, since the leakage path is, in this case, precisely on the face of the electrode, to a much greater extent than on its edges. and it is unrealistic to occlude the mesh holes.
- the benefit of the application will be restricted to the cathodic benefit.
- the invention appears to be especially suitable for application in electrowinning plants with sheet-type anodes.
- the electrolyte distribution system of the cells must be of very low flow and, the eventual installation of an incoming electrolyte distribution channel at the bottom, will remove the anode mud or, worse still, it could be buried or covered by anode mud.
- the METTOP system seems appropriate, which introduces an electrolyte distribution system, at an intermediate level of the cell, with an electrolyte distribution channel, arranged laterally, generating an implementation in parallel flows.
- the incoming electrolyte distribution channels or manifolds and the evacuation channels can be made of fiberglass sheets or other dielectric material (electrical insulator), low cost and resistant to the condition of high chemical aggressiveness (acidity) that is present in electrolytic cells.
- Both the incoming electrolyte distribution channels and the evacuation channels can be complemented with nozzles to increase the path length and increase the resistance to the leak path, further minimizing the leakage currents that could circulate through the electrolyte inside the electrolyte distribution channels entering or inside the evacuation channels.
- the channels for distribution of the incoming electrolyte can be shaped as a tube or several tubes or pipes with perforations, or by bodies of different geometric shape, in particular, as a rectangular pipeline and equipped with outlet perforations made directly on the surface or nozzles installed in such perforations. It is also possible to introduce instrumentation systems to monitor the performance of the hydraulic circuit, including flowmeters for measurement and / or actuators for flow regulation.
- the separator sheets can be made entirely of dielectric material, in which case the electrical connection of alternating current must be made using metal connectors that join the end electrodes of the consecutive electrode groups, in which case they are wasted the external surfaces of the end electrodes or, on the contrary, the separating sheets can be formed, at the edge, of dielectric material and in the central part, by the sheet that constitutes an electrode.
- Another alternative is to redesign the large electrolytic cell in current use and replace it with a set of cells with a reduced number of electrodes.
- the separating dielectric sheet is a structural part of the cells.
- An interesting advantage of the invention when implementing consecutive groups of consecutive electrodes, is that it improves the distribution of residence times (DTR) of differential volumes of electrolyte inside the cell, as this distribution depends on the scale of the reactor. This is especially important in cells with a higher volume in which, as a result of the increase in the residence time of the electrolyte and a worsening of the conditions of the mobility of the electrolyte, dead zones appear, with low or no mobility of the electrolyte which generates a deterioration of the quality of the copper produced.
- This technical problem can be solved with this invention, improving the performance of electrolytic processes in such cells, or in high-volume cells, such as those used for the production of Zinc. In this case, it also seems natural to incorporate a local electrolyte drive pump, in order to increase its flow.
- the number of cells, veils or separator sheets of the cell's hydraulic circuit will depend on some statistical parameter of the distribution function of the alternating current at the electrodes. An idea of this can be obtained by the simple observation of figure 3, in which, in cases 1 and 2, the distribution of alternating current presents a great dispersion and, in cases 3 and 4, the distribution improves remarkably, when increase the number (or frequency) of veils or spacer sheets.
- the electrical leakage circuit consisting of the electrode terminals and the inter-cell bars, of the DC power supply and distribution system, if required, can be interrupted by the sectioning of the inter-cell or equipotential bars.
- FIGURE 1 Plan view of the appearance of the continuous electric field lines, in a group of consecutive electrodes that contains three anodes and two consecutive cathodes and which is fed with direct current from the anodes to the cathodes.
- the electric field lines connect each electrode with both electrodes that are consecutive, exclusively.
- FIGURE 2 Plan view of the appearance of the alternating electric field lines, in a group of consecutive electrodes that contains three anodes and two consecutive cathodes and that is supplied with direct current from the anodes to the cathodes and with alternating current from the first anode to the last anode in the group.
- Electric field lines are observed that connect each electrode with all and each of the other electrodes in the group, which implies that the alternating current also circulates between the inside surface of the cell and the edges of the electrodes.
- FIGURE 3 Graph of current intensity in the typical EW cell electrodes of 60 cathodes and 61 anodes: case in which the invention is not applied (1), case in which the invention is applied in groups of electrodes formed by 10 cathodes and 1 1 anodes (2), case in which the invention is applied in groups of electrodes formed by 5 cathodes and 6 anodes (3) and case in which the invention is applied in groups of electrodes formed by 2 cathodes and 3 anodes (4) .
- cases 1 and 2 the current distribution presents a great irregularity and in cases 3 and 4, the distribution regularity improves remarkably as a result of the application of the invention.
- FIGURE 4 Scheme of the invention in an electrolytic cell, in cross-sectional view (A) and in longitudinal sectional view (B), which includes the following elements: direct current source (5), alternating current source (6) , connected in anodes (7) and cathodes (8), electrolyte flow lines (35), veils or dielectric sheets (21) for incoming (lateral) electrolyte distribution channel (33) and an evacuation channel (34) , electrolyte connection to cell (13), electrolyte outlet from cell (14), main incoming electrolyte manifold (11) and main outgoing electrolyte manifold (12).
- FIGURE 5 Diagram of the invention in an electrolytic cell, in longitudinal section view of implementation with series flows (B) and in longitudinal section view of implementation with parallel flows (C), which includes the following elements: current source alternating (6), connected in anodes (7) and cathodes (8), sheets dielectric (16) incoming electrolyte distribution channel (17) and an evacuation channel (18), electrolyte connection to cell (13), electrolyte outlet from cell (14), main incoming electrolyte manifold (1 1 ) and outgoing electrolyte main manifold (12).
- FIGURE 6 Scheme of the invention for implementations in which the separator sheets (16) include the entire surface of the cross section of the cell, so that the electrical connection of alternating current between end electrodes of consecutive groups of consecutive electrodes, is carried out by a metallic conductors (19), for the case in which this type of implementation is carried out inside a cell (D) and for the case in which the implementation is carried out with structurally separated cells (E).
- FIGURE 7 Air core electrical transformers implemented in a cylindrical structure with a secondary turn and a primary winding with multiple turns arranged inside, with connection terminals perpendicular to the cylinder body (9) and with connection terminals parallel to the cylinder body (10 ).
- FIGURE 8 Examples of separator sheets shaped as dielectric sheets at the edge and as anodes (7) (could also be cathodes) in the center: for distribution channel at the bottom of the cell and a bifurcated evacuation channel (20), for lateral distribution channel and lateral evacuation channel (21), for implementation with parallel flows and with holes for lower (22) and upper (23) electrolyte circulation, in the case of implementation of series flows.
- FIGURE 9 Examples of separator sheets, in the case that they include the entire surface of the cell cross section and are not attached to electrodes: for distribution channel at the bottom of the cell and a single evacuation channel (24 ), for lateral distribution channel and lateral evacuation channel (25), for implementation with parallel flows and with holes for lower (26) and upper (27) electrolyte circulation, in the case of series flow implementation.
- FIGURE 10 Proposal for the installation and connection of the alternating current source to anodes (7) ends: cylindrical transformer with air core (10), inverter source board (28) and laminar conductor (29).
- FIGURE 1 1 Proposed hydraulic circuit with an incoming electrolyte distribution channel at the bottom of the cell (30) and a forked channel (31) with a cross-sectional view (enlarged) and an isometric view that includes: anode (7) with Attached separator sheet (20), an incoming electrolyte distribution channel at the bottom of rectangular profile (30), nozzles (32), bifurcated evacuation channel (31), cell outlet drawer and poor electrolyte drain (15).
- FIGURE 12 Proposed hydraulic circuit with a lateral incoming electrolyte distribution channel (33) and a lateral evacuation channel (34), with a cross-sectional view (enlarged) and an isometric view that includes: anode (7) with attached separator sheet (21), a rectangular profile side inlet electrolyte distribution channel (33), nozzles (32), side discharge channel (31), cell outlet drawer and lean electrolyte sump (15)
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PE2021000494A PE20211407A1 (es) | 2018-10-17 | 2019-10-16 | Sistema para inyectar corriente alterna en celdas electroliticas, que comprende laminas que separan los electrodos de la celda en grupos |
BR112021007276-4A BR112021007276A2 (pt) | 2018-10-17 | 2019-10-16 | sistema para injetar corrente alternada em células eletrolíticas, que compreende folhas que separam os eletrodos da célula em grupos |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CL2956-2018 | 2018-10-17 | ||
CL2018002956A CL2018002956A1 (es) | 2018-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | Un sistema para inyectar corriente alterna en celdas electrolíticas que contienen múltiples ánodos y cátodos intercalados, para procesos de electro obtención o electro refinación de cobre y otros metales, el cual provee una fuente de corriente conectada en los electrodos extremos de la celda y láminas que separan los electrodos de la celda en grupos consecutivos de electrodos consecutivos, las cuales coetan el camino de fuga de la corriente alterna. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2020077479A1 true WO2020077479A1 (es) | 2020-04-23 |
Family
ID=65588802
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CL2019/050099 WO2020077479A1 (es) | 2018-10-17 | 2019-10-16 | Sistema para inyectar corriente alterna en celdas electrolíticas, que comprende láminas que separan los electrodos de la celda en grupos |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BR (1) | BR112021007276A2 (es) |
CL (1) | CL2018002956A1 (es) |
PE (1) | PE20211407A1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2020077479A1 (es) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3072993A2 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-09-28 | Hecker Electrónica Potencia Y Procesos S.A. | Method of superimposing alternating current on direct current for methods for the electrowinning or electrorefining of copper or other products, in which the alternating current source is connected between two consecutive cells of the electrolytic cell group using an inductor for injecting alternating current and a capacitor for closing the electric circuit |
CL2018000114A1 (es) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-05-11 | Robledo Juan Pablo Bustos | Sistema para inyectar corriente alterna en los electrodos extremos de celdas electrolíticas, de manera que la corriente alterna circula en serie desde el primer hasta el ultimo electrodo y desde un el electrodo mientras la corriente continua circula en paralelo desde los ánodos a los cátodos |
-
2018
- 2018-10-17 CL CL2018002956A patent/CL2018002956A1/es unknown
-
2019
- 2019-10-16 PE PE2021000494A patent/PE20211407A1/es unknown
- 2019-10-16 WO PCT/CL2019/050099 patent/WO2020077479A1/es active Application Filing
- 2019-10-16 BR BR112021007276-4A patent/BR112021007276A2/pt unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3072993A2 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-09-28 | Hecker Electrónica Potencia Y Procesos S.A. | Method of superimposing alternating current on direct current for methods for the electrowinning or electrorefining of copper or other products, in which the alternating current source is connected between two consecutive cells of the electrolytic cell group using an inductor for injecting alternating current and a capacitor for closing the electric circuit |
CL2018000114A1 (es) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-05-11 | Robledo Juan Pablo Bustos | Sistema para inyectar corriente alterna en los electrodos extremos de celdas electrolíticas, de manera que la corriente alterna circula en serie desde el primer hasta el ultimo electrodo y desde un el electrodo mientras la corriente continua circula en paralelo desde los ánodos a los cátodos |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CL2018002956A1 (es) | 2019-02-01 |
BR112021007276A2 (pt) | 2021-07-20 |
PE20211407A1 (es) | 2021-08-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
NL7906660A (nl) | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het minimaliseren van shuntstromen in een elektrochemische inrichting. | |
KR20130023154A (ko) | 연속식 전해 산화수/환원수 생성 장치 | |
CN105132944A (zh) | 一种制备高纯铜的方法及装置 | |
KR101357822B1 (ko) | 분로전류를 방지한 레독스 흐름전지 | |
GB2048306A (en) | Moving bed electrolyses | |
US20170271706A1 (en) | Electrochemical device for storing electrical energy and producing hydrogen, and method for producing hydrogen | |
KR101934222B1 (ko) | 전기분해수 생성장치 | |
WO2020077479A1 (es) | Sistema para inyectar corriente alterna en celdas electrolíticas, que comprende láminas que separan los electrodos de la celda en grupos | |
CN104109881B (zh) | 一种并联循环式氟化电解槽 | |
WO2019136570A1 (es) | Sistema para superponer ac sobre dc en procesos electrolíticos | |
WO2015164990A1 (es) | Dispositivo electródico insertable que no genera neblina acida u otros gases, incluye procedimiento | |
KR101481327B1 (ko) | 복극식 전기분해 반응기 | |
US10494275B2 (en) | Electrolysis module | |
US10550485B2 (en) | Pipe-type electrolysis cell | |
WO2020073143A1 (es) | Sistema para inyectar corriente alterna en celdas electrolíticas, en grupos consecutivos de electrodos | |
US10622690B2 (en) | Anaerobic aluminum-water electrochemical cell | |
JP2013080611A (ja) | セルスタック、およびレドックスフロー電池 | |
US20190036185A1 (en) | Anaerobic Aluminum-Water Electrochemical Cell | |
AU2015101966A4 (en) | Multipurpose electrolytic device for forced or spontaneous metal electrowinning processes, with independent electrolytes | |
KR102207611B1 (ko) | 브라운 가스 발생 장치 | |
US10573944B2 (en) | Anaerobic aluminum-water electrochemical cell | |
US10396418B2 (en) | Anaerobic aluminum-water electrochemical cell | |
KR102146236B1 (ko) | 수소 발생 장치 | |
US10581128B2 (en) | Anaerobic aluminum-water electrochemical cell | |
CN210480939U (zh) | 一种废水电解装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 19872762 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112021007276 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112021007276 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20210416 |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 19872762 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |