WO2019134419A1 - 一种进给机构 - Google Patents
一种进给机构 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019134419A1 WO2019134419A1 PCT/CN2018/111561 CN2018111561W WO2019134419A1 WO 2019134419 A1 WO2019134419 A1 WO 2019134419A1 CN 2018111561 W CN2018111561 W CN 2018111561W WO 2019134419 A1 WO2019134419 A1 WO 2019134419A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gear
- release structure
- sleeve
- connection
- gear shaft
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of machining, and in particular to a feeding mechanism.
- the gear feed box of the transmission has a complicated structure and a large volume, and cannot be quickly adjusted and installed when there is a problem in processing.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a feed mechanism having a small volume.
- a feeding mechanism includes a gear shaft arranged in front and rear, and a front release structure and a rear release structure respectively disposed on a front side and a rear side of the gear shaft, and the front release structure and the rear release structure are centrally symmetric with each other;
- the release structure comprises a gear sleeve sleeved on the gear shaft, the gear shaft can be moved back and forth on the gear sleeve, the gear sleeve is sleeved with a one-way bearing, and the outer ring of the one-way bearing is connected with the swing rod, and the swing rod can be
- the outer ring rotates, the inner ring of the one-way bearing can rotate in the outer ring in a positive direction, and the lower side of the swing bar abuts the lower top rod movable up and down, the upper part of the swing bar is provided with an active gap, and the lower top rod
- the upward movement allows the swing lever to rotate upward to rotate the outer ring in the opposite direction.
- the gear sleeve is provided with a connecting notch
- the gear shaft is provided with a cylindrical pin which can be engaged with the connecting notch
- the gear sleeves of the front release structure and the rear release structure are respectively provided with connection notches, and correspondingly the gear shafts are provided with cylindrical pins for connecting one-to-one correspondence with the two connection gaps.
- the spacing between the two cylindrical pins is greater than the spacing of the two connecting notches.
- the inner wall of the gear sleeve is provided with an annular connecting ring, and the connecting ring includes a plurality of concave holes arranged in an annular shape, and the front and rear sides of the gear shaft are provided with elastic pressing holes and elastic pressing holes.
- a spring is arranged therein, and a spring is arranged at the top end of the spring, and the spring pushes the marble to the concave hole, so that the gear sleeve and the gear shaft are driven by the marble.
- the gear sleeves of the front release structure and the rear release structure are respectively provided with connection notches, and the front and rear sides of the gear shaft are provided with a cylinder that can be engaged with the two connection notches.
- the gear sleeves of the pin, the front release structure and the rear release structure are respectively provided with connection notches, and the corresponding gear position shaft is provided with a cylindrical pin for one-to-one connection with the two connection notches, the two cylindrical pins
- the spacing between the two connecting gaps is greater than that of the two connecting gaps, so that the gear shaft has three connection states with the front release structure and the rear release structure.
- the gear sleeves of the front release structure and the rear release structure are provided with three connection rings arranged from front to back, and the positions of the three connection rings are in one-to-one correspondence with the above three connection states, so that:
- the marble on the front side is connected to the dimple of the connecting ring on the rear side of the gear sleeve of the front release structure, and the connecting ring on the rear side of the ball on the rear side and the gear sleeve on the rear release structure Pit connection;
- the bead on the front side is connected to the dimple of the connecting ring in the middle of the gear sleeve of the front release structure, and the dimple of the connecting ring in the middle of the rear bead and the gear sleeve of the rear release structure connection;
- the bead on the front side is connected to the dimple of the connecting ring on the front side of the gear sleeve of the front release structure, and the connecting ring on the front side of the bead of the rear side and the gear sleeve of the rear release structure The pit connection.
- the lower end of the lower ram is provided with a roller, and the roller abuts against the cam.
- the base frame, the front release structure and the rear release structure are all provided in the base frame, and the gear shafts are pierced from the front and rear sides of the base frame.
- the base frame is provided with a threaded sleeve
- the front release structure further comprises an upper right ejector rod and a left upper ejector rod.
- the upper right side of the swing rod abuts the right upper ejector rod
- the left side of the swing rod abuts
- the upper left ejector pin is disposed in the screw sleeve
- the screw sleeve is provided with a compression spring for pressing the upper right ejector pin downward
- the screw sleeve is provided with a hole shoulder
- the left upper ejector is provided with a shoulder, a shoulder and a hole
- the shoulder position corresponds to the shoulder so that the shoulder can abut against the hole shoulder to prevent the upper right ejector rod from moving upward
- the threaded sleeve is screwed with the base frame, so that the position of the threaded sleeve can be adjusted up and down, thereby controlling the limit position of the lower end of
- a feeding mechanism comprises a gear shaft arranged in front and rear, and further comprises a front release structure, a rear release structure, a front release structure and a rear, respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the gear position shaft.
- the release structure is centrally symmetrical with each other; the front release structure includes a gear sleeve sleeved on the gear shaft, and the gear shaft can be moved back and forth on the gear sleeve, the gear sleeve is sleeved with a one-way bearing, and the outer ring of the one-way bearing is The pendulum rod is connected, and the swing rod can drive the outer ring to rotate.
- the inner ring of the one-way bearing can rotate in the outer ring direction in the positive direction, and the bottom of the swing rod abuts the lower top rod movable up and down, and the upper part of the swing rod is arranged There is a play gap, and the upward movement of the lower ram allows the swing lever to rotate upward to rotate the outer ring in the opposite direction.
- the gear shaft and the gear sleeve have a very large clamping force in the rotating direction, which causes the gear shaft to be very difficult to move back and forth.
- the present invention pushes the swing rod through the lower ejector pin, and the outer ring of the one-way bearing is Rotating in the opposite direction will cause the outer ring and the inner ring of the one-way bearing to be momentarily clamped, resulting in a momentary stop movement or a decrease in speed of the gear sleeve, so that the gear sleeve and the gear shaft have a momentary speed difference At this time, the clamping force between the gear shaft and the gear sleeve disappears, and the gear shaft is easily moved forward and backward, so that it is convenient to shift gears.
- the invention is used in a production line for small shafts.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing the structure of an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic top plan view of an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the A-A of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B of the embodiment of the present invention.
- a feeding mechanism includes a gear shaft 9 disposed in front and rear, and a front release structure and a rear release structure respectively disposed on the front side and the rear side of the gear shaft 9, respectively, and the front release structure and the rear release structure are centrally symmetric with each other.
- the front release structure comprises a gear sleeve 7 sleeved on the gear shaft 9, the gear shaft 9 can be moved back and forth on the gear sleeve 7, and the gear sleeve 7 is sleeved with a one-way bearing 3, outside the one-way bearing 3
- the ring is connected with the swinging rod 4, the swinging rod 4 can drive the outer ring to rotate, the inner ring of the one-way bearing 3 can rotate in the outer ring in the positive direction, and the lower side of the swinging bar 4 abuts the lower movable rod which can move up and down 18, a movable gap is arranged above the swinging rod 4, and the upward movement of the lower plunger 18 allows the swinging rod 4 to rotate upward to rotate the outer ring in the opposite direction.
- the gear position shaft When the gear position shaft is connected with the gear sleeve of the front release structure, it is called the forward rotation state, and when the gear position shaft is connected with the gear sleeve of the rear release structure, it is called the reverse rotation state, regardless of the forward rotation state and the reverse rotation state.
- the gear shaft and the gear sleeve have a very large clamping force in the rotating direction, which causes the gear shaft to be very difficult to move back and forth.
- the present invention pushes the swing rod through the lower ejector pin, and the outer ring of the one-way bearing is Rotating in the opposite direction will cause the outer ring and the inner ring of the one-way bearing to be momentarily clamped, resulting in a momentary stop movement or a decrease in speed of the gear sleeve, so that the gear sleeve and the gear shaft have a momentary speed difference At this time, the clamping force between the gear shaft and the gear sleeve disappears, and the gear shaft is easily moved forward and backward, so that it is convenient to shift gears.
- the gear sleeve 7 used in this embodiment is provided with a connection notch, and the gear shaft 9 is provided with a cylindrical pin 8 which can be engaged with the connection notch, so as to facilitate connection.
- the gear sleeve 7 of the front release structure and the rear release structure are provided with connection notches, and the corresponding gear position shaft 9 is provided with the two connection gaps.
- One-to-one correspondingly connected cylindrical pins 8 the spacing of the two cylindrical pins 8 being greater than the spacing of the two connecting notches.
- the gear sleeve 7 is provided with a ring on the inner wall.
- the connecting ring includes a plurality of recesses arranged in an annular shape, and the front and rear sides of the gear shaft 9 are provided with a spring pressing hole, the spring 91 is provided in the elastic pressing hole, and the spring 91 is provided at the top end of the spring 91.
- the spring 91 pushes the marble 92 toward the pocket, so that the gear sleeve 7 and the gear shaft 9 are driven by the marble 92.
- the gear sleeve 7 of the front release structure and the rear release structure of the embodiment is provided with a connection notch, and the front and rear sides of the gear shaft 9 are provided with a cylindrical pin which can be engaged with the two connection notches.
- the gear sleeve 7 of the front release structure and the rear release structure are respectively provided with connection notches, and the corresponding gear position shaft 9 is provided with a cylindrical pin 8 for one-to-one connection with the two connection notches, the two The pitch of the cylindrical pins 8 is greater than the spacing of the two connecting notches, so that the gear shaft 9 has three connection states with the front release structure and the gear sleeve 7 of the rear release structure:
- the gear sleeve 7 of the front release structure and the rear release structure are provided with three connection rings arranged from front to back, and the positions of the three connection rings are in one-to-one correspondence with the above three connection states, so that:
- the ball 92 on the front side in the forward rotation state is connected to the recess of the connecting ring on the rear side of the gear sleeve 7 of the front release structure, and is located behind the gear pocket 92 of the rear side and the gear sleeve 7 of the rear release structure. a pit connection of the side connecting ring;
- the marble 92 on the front side is connected to the recess of the connecting ring in the middle of the gear sleeve 7 of the front release structure, and the connection between the marble 92 on the rear side and the gear sleeve 7 of the rear release structure a pit connection of the ring;
- the marble 92 on the front side is connected to the recess of the connecting ring on the front side of the gear sleeve 7 of the front release structure, and is located in front of the rear pocket 92 and the rear release structure of the gear sleeve 7.
- the pit connection of the side connecting ring makes it very easy to achieve forward, idling, and reverse.
- the lower end of the lower ram 18 abuts the cam 1 having a symmetrical structure, and the cam is connected with the reciprocating oscillating mechanism, so that the cam can be rotated right when the cam is rotated forward.
- the side is turned up to achieve the release of the gear shaft.
- the lower end of the lower ram 18 is provided with a roller 19 which abuts against the cam 1.
- the embodiment further includes a base frame 100.
- the front release structure and the rear release structure are all disposed in the base frame 100.
- the gear position shaft 9 is pierced from the front and rear sides of the base frame 100, and the screw sleeve 15 is fixed on the base frame 100. Easy to fix the screw sleeve.
- the base frame 100 is provided with a threaded sleeve 15
- the front release structure further includes an upper right ejector rod 13 and a left upper ejector rod 16 .
- the upper right side of the swing rod 4 abuts the right upper ejector rod 13
- the left side of the swing rod 4 abuts
- the upper left ejector pin 16 and the upper right ejector pin 13 are disposed in the screw sleeve 15.
- the screw sleeve 15 is provided with a compression spring 14 for pressing the upper right ejector pin 13 downward.
- the screw sleeve 15 is provided with a hole shoulder, and the upper left ejector pin 16 is disposed.
- the shoulder has a shoulder corresponding to the position of the shoulder, so that the shoulder can abut against the shoulder to prevent the upper right rod 13 from moving upward, and the screw sleeve 15 is screwed with the base 100, so that the position of the screw sleeve 15 can be adjusted up and down.
- the limit position of the lower end of the upper right ejector 13 is controlled, and the base frame 100 is further provided with an adjusting thread sleeve 20, and the adjusting thread sleeve 20 is screwed with the base frame 100, and the adjusting thread sleeve 20 is fixedly connected with the upper left ejector rod 16 so that the adjustment The threaded sleeve 20 can adjust the position of the lower end of the upper left ejector pin 16.
- the swing lever 4 of the front release structure can only be rotated clockwise, and the swing lever 4 of the rear release structure can only be rotated counterclockwise.
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Abstract
一种进给机构，包括呈前后设置的档位轴（9），还包括分别设在档位轴（9）的前侧、后侧的前释放结构、后释放结构，前释放结构、后释放结构相互中心对称；前释放结构包括套在档位轴（9）上的档位套（7），档位套（7）上套有单向轴承（3），单向轴承（3）的外圈与摆杆（4）连接，摆杆（4）可带动所述外圈转动，摆杆（4）的下方抵接有可上下活动的下顶杆（18）。通过下顶杆（18）推动摆杆（4），让单向轴承（3）的外圈往反方向转动，这样就会让单向轴承（3）的外圈和内圈瞬间卡紧，从而导致档位套（7）有一瞬间的停止移动或速度降低，这样就让档位套（7）和档位轴（9）有一瞬间的速度差，此时档位轴（9）与档位套（7）之间的卡紧力就消失了，档位轴（9）就很容易往前后移动，从而换挡。该进给机构用于机床的档位切换。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及机械加工领域，特别涉及一种进给机构。
背景技术
在一些加工空间有限的工作环境，机床需变得相对紧凑，对于每个部件都需保证加工质量的同时，体积尽量小。而传动的齿轮进给箱结构复杂，体积较大，加工出现问题时不能快速调整安装。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：提供一种体积小的进给机构。
本发明解决其技术问题的解决方案是：
一种进给机构，包括呈前后设置的档位轴，还包括分别设在档位轴的前侧、后侧的前释放结构、后释放结构，前释放结构、后释放结构相互中心对称；前释放结构包括套在档位轴上的档位套，档位轴可在档位套上前后移动，档位套上套有单向轴承，单向轴承的外圈与摆杆连接，摆杆可带动所述外圈转动，单向轴承内圈可在外圈内转动的方向为正方向，摆杆的下方抵接有可上下活动的下顶杆，摆杆的上方设有活动间隙，下顶杆向上运动可让摆杆往上转动从而让所述外圈往反方向转动。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，档位套上设有连接缺口，档位轴上设有可与所述连接缺口卡接的圆柱销。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套上均设有连接缺口，对应地档位轴上设有用于与所述两个连接缺口一一对应连接的圆柱销，所述两个圆柱销的间距大于所述两个连接缺口的间距。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，档位套内壁上设有环状的连接环，所述连接环包括环状布设的若干个凹坑，档位轴的前后两侧上均设有弹压孔，弹压孔内设有弹簧，弹簧顶端设有弹珠，弹簧将弹珠推向所述凹坑，从而让档位套、档位轴通过弹珠实现传动。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套上均设有连接缺口，档位轴的前、后两侧上均设有可与所述两个连接缺口卡接的圆柱销，前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套上均设有连接缺口，对应地档位轴上设有用于与所述两个连接缺口一一对应连接的圆柱销，所述两个圆柱销的间距大于所述两个连接缺口的间距，使得档位轴与前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套具有三种连接状态：
正转状态：仅位于档位轴前侧的圆柱销与前释放结构的档位套的连接缺口连接；
空转状态：位于档位轴前侧、后侧的圆柱销均不与前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套的连接缺口连接；
反转状态：仅位于档位轴后侧的圆柱销与后释放结构的档位套的连接缺口连接；
前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套上均设有从前到后间隔设置的三个连接环，三个连接环的位置与上述三种连接状态一一对应，使得：
正转状态时位于前侧的弹珠与前释放结构的档位套的后侧的连接环的凹坑连接，且位于后侧的弹珠与后释放结构的档位套的后侧的连接环的凹坑连接；
空转状态时位于前侧的弹珠与前释放结构的档位套的中间的连接环的凹坑连接，且位于后侧的弹珠与后释放结构的档位套的中间的连接环的凹坑连接；
反转状态时位于前侧的弹珠与前释放结构的档位套的前侧的连接环的凹坑连接，且位于后侧的弹珠与后释放结构的档位套的前侧的连接环的凹坑连接。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，下顶杆的下端抵接有结构左右对称的凸轮。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，下顶杆的下端设有滚轮，滚轮与凸轮抵接。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，还包括基架，前释放结构、后释放结构均设有基架内，档位轴从基架的前后两侧穿出。
作为上述方案的进一步改进，基架上设有螺套，前释放结构还包括右上顶杆、左上顶杆，摆杆的右侧上方抵接有右上顶杆，摆杆的左侧上方抵接有左上顶杆，右上顶杆设在螺套内，螺套内设有将右上顶杆往下压的压缩弹簧，螺套内设有孔肩，左上顶杆上设有轴肩，轴肩与孔肩位置对应，使得轴肩可与孔肩抵接从而阻止右上顶杆往上运动，螺套与基架螺纹连接，使得螺套的位置可上下调节，从而控制右上顶杆的下端的极限位置，基架上还设有调节螺纹套，调节螺纹套与基架螺纹连接，调节螺纹套与左上顶杆固定连接，使得调节螺纹套可调节左上顶杆下端的位置
本发明的有益效果是：一种进给机构，包括呈前后设置的档位轴，还包括分别设在档位轴的前侧、后侧的前释放结构、后释放结构，前释放结构、后释放结构相互中心对称；前释放结构包括套在档位轴上的档位套，档位轴可在档位套上前后移动，档位套上套有单向轴承，单向轴承的外圈与摆杆连接，摆杆可带动所述外圈转动，单向轴承内圈可在外圈内转动的方向为正方向，摆杆的下方抵接有可上下活动的下顶杆，摆杆的上方设有活动间隙，下顶杆向上运动可让摆杆往上转动从而让所述外圈往反方向转动。当档位轴与前释放结构的档位套传动连接时称为正转状态，而档位轴与后释放结构的档位套传动连接时称为反转状态，不论是正转状态和反转状态，档位轴与档位套都具有非常大的沿转动方向的卡紧力，这就导致档位轴非常难前后移动，本发明通过下顶杆推动摆杆，让单向轴承的外圈往反方向转动，这样就会让单向轴承的外圈和内圈瞬间卡紧，从而导致档位套有一瞬间的停止移动或速度降低，这样就让档位套和档位轴有一瞬间的速度差，此时档位轴与档位套之间的卡紧力就消失了，档位轴就很容易往前后移动，从而很方便地进行换挡。本发明用于小型轴的生产线。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单说明。显然，所描述的附图只是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例，本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他设计方案和附图。
图1是本发明实施例的主视结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例的俯视结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例的A-A剖视示意图；
图4是本发明实施例的B-B剖视示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例和附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整地描述，以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。显然，所描述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例，基于本发明的实施例，本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他实施例，均属于本发明保护的范围。另外，文中所提到的所有联接/连接关系，并非单指构件直接相接，而是指可根据具体实施情况，通过添加或减少联接辅件，来组成更优的联接结构。本发明中的各个技术特征，在不互相矛盾冲突的前提下可以交互组合。
参照图1至图4，这是本发明的实施例，具体地：
一种进给机构，包括呈前后设置的档位轴9，还包括分别设在档位轴9的前侧、后侧的前释放结构、后释放结构，前释放结构、后释放结构相互中心对称；前释放结构包括套在档位轴9上的档位套7，档位轴9可在档位套7上前后移动，档位套7上套有单向轴承3，单向轴承3的外圈与摆杆4连接，摆杆4可带动所述外圈转动，单向轴承3内圈可在外圈内转动的方向为正方向，摆杆4的下方抵接有可上下活动的下顶杆18，摆杆4的上方设有活动间隙，下顶杆18向上运动可让摆杆4往上转动从而让所述外圈往反方向转动。当档位轴与前释放结构的档位套传动连接时称为正转状态，而档位轴与后释放结构的档位套传动连接时称为反转状态，不论是正转状态和反转状态，档位轴与档位套都具有非常大的沿转动方向的卡紧力，这就导致档位轴非常难前后移动，本发明通过下顶杆推动摆杆，让单向轴承的外圈往反方向转动，这样就会让单向轴承的外圈和内圈瞬间卡紧，从而导致档位套有一瞬间的停止移动或速度降低，这样就让档位套和档位轴有一瞬间的速度差，此时档位轴与档位套之间的卡紧力就消失了，档位轴就很容易往前后移动，从而很方便地进行换挡。
本实施例采用的档位套7上设有连接缺口，档位轴9上设有可与所述连接缺口卡接的圆柱销8，这样便于连接。
因为前释放结构、后释放结构是中心对称结构，故前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套7上均设有连接缺口，对应地档位轴9上设有用于与所述两个连接缺口一一对应连接的圆柱销8，所述两个圆柱销8的间距大于所述两个连接缺口的间距。
对于一些大功率的机床来说，在下顶杆动作的瞬间，单向轴承的力会非常的大，为了避免单向轴承会因为巨大的冲力而受到损坏，档位套7内壁上设有环状的连接环，所述连接环包括环状布设的若干个凹坑，档位轴9的前后两侧上均设有弹压孔，弹压孔内设有弹簧91，弹簧91顶端设有弹珠92，弹簧91将弹珠92推向所述凹坑，从而让档位套7、档位轴9通过弹珠92实现传动。
本实施例的前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套7上均设有连接缺口，档位轴9的前、后两侧上均设有可与所述两个连接缺口卡接的圆柱销8，前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套7上均设有连接缺口，对应地档位轴9上设有用于与所述两个连接缺口一一对应连接的圆柱销8，所述两个圆柱销8的间距大于所述两个连接缺口的间距，使得档位轴9与前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套7具有三种连接状态：
正转状态：仅位于档位轴9前侧的圆柱销8与前释放结构的档位套7的连接缺口连接；
空转状态：位于档位轴9前侧、后侧的圆柱销8均不与前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套7的连接缺口连接；
反转状态：仅位于档位轴9后侧的圆柱销8与后释放结构的档位套7的连接缺口连接；
前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套7上均设有从前到后间隔设置的三个连接环，三个连接环的位置与上述三种连接状态一一对应，使得：
正转状态时位于前侧的弹珠92与前释放结构的档位套7的后侧的连接环的凹坑连接，且位于后侧的弹珠92与后释放结构的档位套7的后侧的连接环的凹坑连接；
空转状态时位于前侧的弹珠92与前释放结构的档位套7的中间的连接环的凹坑连接，且位于后侧的弹珠92与后释放结构的档位套7的中间的连接环的凹坑连接；
反转状态时位于前侧的弹珠92与前释放结构的档位套7的前侧的连接环的凹坑连接，且位于后侧的弹珠92与后释放结构的档位套7的前侧的连接环的凹坑连接。这样的结构设置可非常容易实现正转、空转、反转。
为了便于切换和让本实施的机构尽量的简单，下顶杆18的下端抵接有结构左右对称的凸轮1，让凸轮与往复摆动机构连接，这样就可以让凸轮在正转时，凸轮的右侧往上转，从而实现档位轴的释放。
为了减少摩擦，下顶杆18的下端设有滚轮19，滚轮19与凸轮1抵接。
本实施例还包括基架100，前释放结构、后释放结构均设有基架100内，档位轴9从基架100的前后两侧穿出，螺套15固定在基架100上，这样便于固定螺套。
基架100上设有螺套15，前释放结构还包括右上顶杆13、左上顶杆16，摆杆4的右侧上方抵接有右上顶杆13，摆杆4的左侧上方抵接有左上顶杆16，右上顶杆13设在螺套15内，螺套15内设有将右上顶杆13往下压的压缩弹簧14，螺套15内设有孔肩，左上顶杆16上设有轴肩，轴肩与孔肩位置对应，使得轴肩可与孔肩抵接从而阻止右上顶杆13往上运动，螺套15与基架100螺纹连接，使得螺套15的位置可上下调节，从而控制右上顶杆13的下端的极限位置，基架100上还设有调节螺纹套20，调节螺纹套20与基架100螺纹连接，调节螺纹套20与左上顶杆16固定连接，使得调节螺纹套20可调节左上顶杆16下端的位置。这样前释放结构的摆杆4只能往顺时针转动，而后释放结构的摆杆4只能往逆时针转动。
以上对本发明的较佳实施方式进行了具体说明，但本发明并不限于所述实施例，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可作出种种的等同变型或替换，这些等同的变型或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。
Claims (9)
- 一种进给机构，包括呈前后设置的档位轴（9），其特征在于：还包括分别设在档位轴（9）的前侧、后侧的前释放结构、后释放结构，前释放结构、后释放结构相互中心对称；前释放结构包括套在档位轴（9）上的档位套（7），档位轴（9）可在档位套（7）上前后移动，档位套（7）上套有单向轴承（3），单向轴承（3）的外圈与摆杆（4）连接，摆杆（4）可带动所述外圈转动，单向轴承（3）内圈可在外圈内转动的方向为正方向，摆杆（4）的下方抵接有可上下活动的下顶杆（18），摆杆（4）的上方设有活动间隙，下顶杆（18）向上运动可让摆杆（4）往上转动从而让所述外圈往反方向转动。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种进给机构，其特征在于：档位套（7）上设有连接缺口，档位轴（9）上设有可与所述连接缺口卡接的圆柱销（8）。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种进给机构，其特征在于：前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套（7）上均设有连接缺口，对应地档位轴（9）上设有用于与所述两个连接缺口一一对应连接的圆柱销（8），所述两个圆柱销（8）的间距大于所述两个连接缺口的间距。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种进给机构，其特征在于：档位套（7）内壁上设有环状的连接环，所述连接环包括环状布设的若干个凹坑，档位轴（9）的前后两侧上均设有弹压孔，弹压孔内设有弹簧（91），弹簧（91）顶端设有弹珠（92），弹簧（91）将弹珠（92）推向所述凹坑，从而让档位套（7）、档位轴（9）通过弹珠（92）实现传动。
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种进给机构，其特征在于：前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套（7）上均设有连接缺口，档位轴（9）的前、后两侧上均设有可与所述两个连接缺口卡接的圆柱销（8），前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套（7）上均设有连接缺口，对应地档位轴（9）上设有用于与所述两个连接缺口一一对应连接的圆柱销（8），所述两个圆柱销（8）的间距大于所述两个连接缺口的间距，使得档位轴（9）与前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套（7）具有三种连接状态：正转状态：仅位于档位轴（9）前侧的圆柱销（8）与前释放结构的档位套（7）的连接缺口连接；空转状态：位于档位轴（9）前侧、后侧的圆柱销（8）均不与前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套（7）的连接缺口连接；反转状态：仅位于档位轴（9）后侧的圆柱销（8）与后释放结构的档位套（7）的连接缺口连接；前释放结构、后释放结构的档位套（7）上均设有从前到后间隔设置的三个连接环，三个连接环的位置与上述三种连接状态一一对应，使得：正转状态时位于前侧的弹珠（92）与前释放结构的档位套（7）的后侧的连接环的凹坑连接，且位于后侧的弹珠（92）与后释放结构的档位套（7）的后侧的连接环的凹坑连接；空转状态时位于前侧的弹珠（92）与前释放结构的档位套（7）的中间的连接环的凹坑连接，且位于后侧的弹珠（92）与后释放结构的档位套（7）的中间的连接环的凹坑连接；反转状态时位于前侧的弹珠（92）与前释放结构的档位套（7）的前侧的连接环的凹坑连接，且位于后侧的弹珠（92）与后释放结构的档位套（7）的前侧的连接环的凹坑连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种进给机构，其特征在于：下顶杆（18）的下端抵接有结构左右对称的凸轮（1）。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种进给机构，其特征在于：下顶杆（18）的下端设有滚轮（19），滚轮（19）与凸轮（1）抵接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种进给机构，其特征在于：还包括基架（100），前释放结构、后释放结构均设有基架（100）内，档位轴（9）从基架（100）的前后两侧穿出。
- 根据权利要求8所述的一种进给机构，其特征在于：基架（100）上设有螺套（15），前释放结构还包括右上顶杆（13）、左上顶杆（16），摆杆（4）的右侧上方抵接有右上顶杆（13），摆杆（4）的左侧上方抵接有左上顶杆（16），右上顶杆（13）设在螺套（15）内，螺套（15）内设有将右上顶杆（13）往下压的压缩弹簧（14），螺套（15）内设有孔肩，左上顶杆（16）上设有轴肩，轴肩与孔肩位置对应，使得轴肩可与孔肩抵接从而阻止右上顶杆（13）往上运动，螺套（15）与基架（100）螺纹连接，使得螺套（15）的位置可上下调节，从而控制右上顶杆（13）的下端的极限位置，基架（100）上还设有调节螺纹套（20），调节螺纹套（20）与基架（100）螺纹连接，调节螺纹套（20）与左上顶杆（16）固定连接，使得调节螺纹套（20）可调节左上顶杆（16）下端的位置。
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