WO2019131330A1 - 鉄道車両用台車 - Google Patents
鉄道車両用台車 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019131330A1 WO2019131330A1 PCT/JP2018/046571 JP2018046571W WO2019131330A1 WO 2019131330 A1 WO2019131330 A1 WO 2019131330A1 JP 2018046571 W JP2018046571 W JP 2018046571W WO 2019131330 A1 WO2019131330 A1 WO 2019131330A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- elastic wall
- wall member
- vehicle
- longitudinal direction
- cross beam
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
- B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
- B61F5/301—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes incorporating metal springs
- B61F5/302—Leaf springs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
- B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
- B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
- B61F5/305—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes incorporating rubber springs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/50—Other details
- B61F5/52—Bogie frames
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a railcar carriage provided with a plate spring.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a bogie frame is omitted by omitting a side beam portion of a bogie frame and a pressing member of the bogie frame is mounted on a central upper surface of the leaf spring so as to be separated as a bogie for railway vehicles. It is done.
- this bogie there is a gap between the leaf spring and the pressing member on both sides in the vehicle longitudinal direction of the contact point.
- the gap between the leaf spring and the pressing member may expand when the vehicle travels. Therefore, a flexible cover is attached to prevent foreign matter from intruding into these gaps.
- a railway vehicle truck includes a carriage frame having a cross beam and pressing members provided at both ends of the cross beam in the vehicle width direction, and a plurality of bearings respectively supporting a pair of axles. It is supported by a plurality of axle boxes to be accommodated and a pair of axle boxes extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle among the plurality of axle boxes, and pressed by the pressing members so as to be separated from above.
- the elastic wall members disposed on both sides in the vehicle longitudinal direction of the contact region between the pressing member and the leaf spring close the space between the bogie frame and the leaf spring from the outer side in the vehicle longitudinal direction. Therefore, foreign matter from the longitudinal direction of the vehicle can be prevented from entering the gap formed between the plate spring and the pressing member. In addition, even when the gap between the leaf spring and the pressing member widens during traveling of the vehicle, foreign matter can be prevented from entering the gap. Moreover, since the elastic wall member is compressed using the lower surface of the bogie frame, the configuration can be simplified and the bogie assembly operation can be easily performed. Thus, foreign matter can be prevented from entering the gap between the plate spring and the pressing member at low cost.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the leaf spring, the seat portion, the elastic wall member, and the like shown in FIG. 2 as viewed from the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. It is the side view which looked at the elastic wall member shown in FIG. 2 from the vehicle width direction. It is a side view explaining the time of pitching operation of the cross beam of the trolley shown in FIG. It is drawing equivalent to FIG. 2 of the trolley
- the direction in which the railcar travels and the direction in which the vehicle body extends is defined as the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and the lateral direction perpendicular thereto is defined as the lateral direction.
- the longitudinal direction of the vehicle may also be referred to as the front-rear direction, and the vehicle width direction may also be referred to as the left-right direction.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a bogie 1 of a railcar according to the embodiment as viewed in the vehicle width direction.
- a bogie 1 of a railway vehicle includes a bogie frame 4 for supporting a vehicle body (not shown) via an air spring 2 serving as a secondary suspension and a bolster 3.
- the bogie frame 4 includes a cross beam 5 extending in the vehicle width direction at the center of the bogie 1 in the vehicle longitudinal direction, but does not include a so-called side beam.
- bogie 1 of this embodiment is a trolley
- the cross beam 5 is pivotably connected to the bolster 3, and the bolster 3 is connected to the vehicle body via the air spring 2 and a bolster anchor (not shown).
- a pair of wheel sets 6 are disposed on both sides of the cross beam 5 in the vehicle longitudinal direction.
- the wheelset 6 has an axle 6a extending in the vehicle width direction and wheels 6b provided on both sides in the vehicle width direction of the axle 6a.
- the portions on both sides in the vehicle width direction of the axle 6 a are rotatably supported by the bearings 7, and the bearings 7 are accommodated in the axle box 8.
- the axle box 8 supports an end 9 b of a plate spring 9 extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
- a central portion 9 a in the longitudinal direction of the plate spring 9 supports an end 5 a of the cross beam 5 in the vehicle width direction. That is, the plate spring 9 is supported by the pair of axle boxes 8 arranged apart from each other in the vehicle longitudinal direction on both sides in the vehicle width direction of the truck 1 and supports the truck frame 4. Therefore, the leaf spring 9 combines the function of the primary suspension and the function of the conventional side beam.
- the plate spring 9 is formed of, for example, a fiber reinforced resin.
- the plate spring 9 is formed in a bow shape convex downward as a whole in a side view of the carriage. That is, the central portion 9a of the leaf spring 9 is located below the end 9b.
- the axle box 8 is connected to the end 5 a of the cross beam 5 in the vehicle width direction by a connection mechanism 10 as an axle box support device.
- the connecting mechanism 10 includes an axial beam 11 projecting integrally from the axial box 8 toward the cross beam 5 (the center of the carriage), a receiving beam 12 projecting toward the axial beam 11 from the cross beam 5 side, and an axial beam 11. And a connecting portion 13 for connecting to the receiving beam 12 at the tip end. That is, although the connection mechanism 10 is an axial beam type as an example, it is not limited to this.
- the plate spring 9 passes through a space formed by the reverse concave receiving beam 12 when viewed from the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and reaches the lower position of the cross beam 5. That is, the central portion 9 a of the plate spring 9 is disposed at a position overlapping the receiving beam 12 in a side view.
- the connecting portion 13 is interposed, for example, between the cylindrical portion 14 provided at the tip end portion of the axial beam 11, the mandrel 15 inserted into the cylindrical portion 14, the cylindrical portion 14 and the mandrel 15
- An elastic bush 16 for example, a rubber bush
- the cylindrical portion 14 has an inner peripheral surface in a cylindrical shape and both sides in the lateral direction are open, and the elastic bush 16 and the mandrel 15 are inserted into the internal space of the cylindrical portion 14.
- the insertion groove 12a of the receiving beam 12 opens downward, and both lateral ends of the mandrel 15 are inserted into the insertion groove 12a from below. In that state, the lid member 17 is fixed to the receiving beam 12 from below by the fastening member 18 so as to close the lower opening of the insertion groove 12a, and the mandrel 15 is supported from below by the lid member 17.
- a spring seat 19 is attached to the upper portion of the axle box 8, and an end 9b of a flat spring 9 extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle is mounted on the spring seat 19 so as to be separated from above. That is, the end portions 9 b on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the plate spring 9 are supported by the axial box 8 via the spring seat 19.
- the spring seat 19 includes an elastic body 20 (for example, laminated rubber) positioned on the upper surface of the axle box 8 and a receiving member 21 positioned on the elastic body 20 and on which the end 9 b of the plate spring 9 is mounted. Prepare. The leaf spring 9 is not fixed to the receiving member 21.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the plate spring 9, the pressing member 22, the elastic wall member 24 and the like of the carriage 1 shown in FIG. 1 as viewed in the vehicle width direction.
- the carriage frame 4 has a pressing member 22 provided below the end 5 a of the cross beam 5.
- the pressing member 22 is formed of an inelastic member such as metal or fiber reinforced resin, and the buffer sheet 23 (for example, a rubber sheet) is provided on the lower surface thereof.
- the pressing member 22 is attached to the cross beam 5 by being engaged with the lower surface of the end 5a of the cross beam 5, for example, but the pressing member 22 is fixed to the end 5a of the cross beam 5 by welding or the like. Good.
- the central portion 9 a of the plate spring 9 is located directly below the pressing member 22.
- the upper surface of the central portion 9a has a downwardly convex circular arc shape in a side view of the carriage
- the lower surface of the pressing member 22 has a downwardly convex circular arc shape in a side view of the carriage
- the pressing member 22 is a plate spring It is loaded from above on the central part 9a of the cover 9.
- the pressing member 22 presses the upper surface of the plate spring 9 so as to be able to be separated by a downward load due to gravity from the cross beam 5 in a state where the pressing member 22 is not fixed to the plate spring 9. That is, the pressing member 22 presses the upper surface of the plate spring 9 without being connected to the plate spring 9 by a fixing tool (for example, a bolt or the like). In other words, the pressing force of the pressing member 22 against the upper surface of the plate spring 9 is maintained by the downward load due to gravity from the cross beam 5 and the reaction force of the plate spring 9 against it. Thereby, the leaf spring 9 can be rocked while changing the pressing area with respect to the lower surface of the pressing member 22.
- the pressing member 22 may be placed directly on the upper surface of the central portion 9 a of the plate spring 9 or may be placed indirectly.
- the curvature of the lower surface of the pressing member 22 is larger than the curvature of the upper surface of the central portion 9 a of the plate spring 9 in a state where the carriage 1 does not support the vehicle body (not shown).
- the leaf spring 9 is elastically deformed so that the cross beam 5 sinks downward by the downward load from the vehicle body (not shown), and the curvature of the central portion 9a of the leaf spring 9 Will increase. Due to the difference in curvature between the plate spring 9 and the pressing member 22, a gap is generated between the plate spring 9 and the pressing member 22.
- the pressing member 22 is against the upper surface of the central portion 9a of the plate spring 9.
- the gap formed between the lower surface of the longitudinal direction end of the pressing member 22 and the upper surface of the plate spring 9 may expand.
- elastic wall members 24 are provided on both sides of the pressing member 22 in the vehicle longitudinal direction so that foreign matter does not enter the gap.
- the entire elastic wall member 24 is disposed outside the pressing member 22 in the vehicle longitudinal direction, and the elastic wall member 24 and the pressing member 22 are separated from each other.
- the elastic wall member 24 is sandwiched between the lower surface of the bogie frame 4 and the upper surface of the plate spring 9 in a compressed state.
- the length of the pressing member 22 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle is smaller than the length of the lower surface of the end 5a of the cross beam 5 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and both ends of the pressing member 22 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle are the ends 5a of the cross beam 5
- the elastic wall member 24 is sandwiched between the lower surface of the end 5a of the cross beam 5 and the upper surface of the leaf spring 9 on both sides of the pressing member 22 in the vehicle longitudinal direction.
- the elastic wall member 24 is bonded to the upper surface of the plate spring 9 and is in non-adhesive contact with the lower surface of the end 5 a of the cross beam 5.
- the upper and lower surfaces of the elastic wall member 24 may be bonded to the cross beam 5 and the flat spring 9, respectively, and the elastic wall member 24 is bonded to the lower surface of the cross beam 5 so as not to contact the upper surface of the flat spring 9. It may be in contact.
- a projection 25 is provided which protrudes downward at the outer side of the elastic wall member 24 in the vehicle longitudinal direction.
- the lower end of the projection 25 is located below the boundary between the upper surface of the elastic wall member 24 and the lower surface of the end 5 a of the cross beam 5 when viewed from the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and against the upper surface of the leaf spring 9. There is a gap.
- the vehicle width direction length of the projection 25 is equal to or longer than the vehicle width direction length of the pressing member 22.
- the protrusion 25 is spaced apart from the elastic wall member 24 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the plate spring 9, the support beam 12, the elastic wall member 24 and the like shown in FIG. 2 as viewed from the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
- the receiving beam 12 has an upper wall 12 b and a pair of seat portions 12 c projecting downward from both ends in the vehicle width direction of the upper wall 12 b, viewed from the vehicle longitudinal direction It has a reverse concave shape.
- the pair of receiving portions 12c protrudes in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle more than the upper wall portion 12b, and a fitting groove 12a recessed upward from below is formed at the tip of the protruding pair of receiving portions 12c. (See Figure 1).
- the pair of seat portions 12 c are disposed on both sides in the vehicle width direction of the pressing member 22.
- the seat portion 12c also covers the gap between the elastic wall member 24 and the pressing member 22 from the side as viewed from the vehicle width direction (see FIG. 2).
- the elastic wall member 24 has a shape extending in the vehicle width direction.
- the elastic wall member 24 protrudes in the vehicle width direction further than the plate spring 9 toward the pair of seat portions 12c.
- the end face in the vehicle width direction of the elastic wall member 24 may be in contact with the receiving seat 12 c or may be slightly away from the receiving seat 12 c.
- a portion of the elastic wall member 24 that protrudes in the vehicle width direction relative to the leaf spring 9 may protrude downward toward the gap between the leaf spring 9 and the seat 12c. Further, the elastic wall member 24 may not protrude further in the vehicle width direction than the plate spring 9.
- FIG. 4 is a side view of the elastic wall member 24 shown in FIG. 2 as viewed in the vehicle width direction.
- the elastic wall member 24 has a shape in which the upper surface is smaller than the lower surface in a side view as viewed in the vehicle width direction.
- the elastic wall member 24 has a substantially trapezoidal shape as viewed in the vehicle width direction.
- the elastic wall member 24 is a closed cell porous material.
- the first surface area A supporting the lower surface 24a of the elastic wall member 24 in the plate spring 9 is viewed from the vehicle width direction with respect to the second surface area B pressing the upper surface 24b of the elastic wall member 24 in the cross beam 5 It is inclined.
- the lower surface 24 a of the elastic wall member 24 is parallel to the first surface area A of the upper surface of the leaf spring 9, and the upper surface 24 b of the elastic wall member 24 is parallel to the second surface area B of the lower surface of the cross beam 5. . Therefore, in a state where the elastic wall member 24 is mounted on the carriage 1, the elastic wall member 24 is pressed as evenly as possible by the lower surface of the cross beam 5.
- the elastic wall member 24 has a substantially trapezoidal shape whose lower surface is smaller than the upper surface in a side view viewed from the vehicle width direction, the first surface area A and the lower surface 24a of the elastic wall member 24 and the second surface area B If the upper surfaces 24 b of the elastic wall members 24 are parallel to each other, the elastic wall members 24 are pressed as evenly as possible by the lower surface of the cross beam 5 in a state where the elastic wall members 24 are mounted on the carriage 1.
- the elastic wall members 24 disposed on both sides in the vehicle longitudinal direction of the contact region between the pressing member 22 and the plate spring 9 are between the cross beam 5 and the plate spring 9 from the outside in the vehicle longitudinal direction. Since the space is closed, foreign matter from the longitudinal direction of the vehicle can be prevented from entering the gap formed between the leaf spring 9 and the pressing member 22. In addition, since the elastic wall member 24 is compressed using the lower surface of the cross beam 5, the configuration can be simplified and the truck assembly operation can be easily performed. Thus, foreign matter can be prevented from entering the gap between the plate spring 9 and the pressing member 22 at low cost. Furthermore, since the elastic wall member 24 has a closed cell type elastic porous material (for example, a sponge), it is preferable to have the ability to block foreign objects well and to flexibly follow the movement of the cross beam 5 and the leaf spring 9. Compatible with
- the elastic wall member 24 protrudes in the vehicle width direction further than the plate spring 9 toward the pair of seat portions 12c, and the elastic wall member 24 protrudes in the vehicle width direction more than the plate spring 9
- the foreign object can be more suitably prevented from entering from the outside in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
- the pair of receiving portions 12c of the connection mechanism 10 laterally covers the gap between the elastic wall member 24 and the pressing member 22, the elastic wall member 24 and the pair of receiving portions 12c form a vehicle. It is possible to prevent foreign matter from entering the gap that may occur between the plate spring 9 and the pressing member 22 from both the longitudinal direction and the vehicle width direction.
- the elastic wall member 24 is adhered to the upper surface of the plate spring 9 and is only in non-adhesive contact with the lower surface of the cross beam 5, assembly work of the carriage can be easily performed.
- the lower surface of the elastic wall member 24 is parallel to the first surface area A of the upper surface of the leaf spring 9, and the upper surface of the elastic wall member 24 is a second surface area B of the lower surface of the end 5 a of the cross beam 5. Therefore, even if the surfaces sandwiching the elastic wall member 24 are not parallel to each other, the force exerted from the cross beam 5 and the plate spring 9 on the elastic wall member 24 is suppressed. Therefore, the shear force is prevented from acting on the adhesive layer between the elastic wall member 24 and the plate spring 9, and the positional deviation and peeling of the elastic wall member 24 can be prevented.
- the cross beam 5 when the cross beam 5 performs a pitching operation, either one of the front end or the back end of the cross beam 5 is displaced upward with respect to the other and the upper surface of the plate spring 9 The distance of Then, when the elastic wall member 24 is only in non-adhesive contact with the cross beam 5, a gap G may be generated between the upper surface of the elastic wall member 24 and the lower surface of the end 5a of the cross beam 5.
- the cross beam 5 is provided with the projection 25 projecting downward at the outer side of the elastic wall member 24 in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and the gap G is covered by the projection 25 when viewed from the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. It is possible to prevent foreign matter intrusion via G.
- FIG. 6 is a drawing corresponding to FIG. 2 of the carriage provided with the elastic wall member 124 of the first modified example.
- FIG. 7 is a side view of the elastic wall member 124 shown in FIG. 6 as viewed in the vehicle width direction. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the elastic wall member 124 also has a shape in which the lower surface 124a is larger than the upper surface 124b when viewed in the vehicle width direction.
- the edge in the vehicle longitudinal direction outer side of the lower surface 124 a of the elastic wall member 124 is positioned on the vehicle longitudinal direction outer side by the distance L than the edge in the vehicle longitudinal direction outer side of the lower surface of the cross beam 5, the lower surface 124 a of the elastic wall member 124 The bonding area between the sheet and the plate spring 9 is increased. Therefore, the adhesive force between the elastic wall member 124 and the plate spring 9 is improved, and the positional deviation, peeling, and the like of the elastic wall member 124 can be prevented.
- the elastic wall member 124 has a shape that is tapered upward, the upper surface 124 b of the elastic wall member 124 is biased inwardly in the vehicle longitudinal direction with respect to the lower surface 124 a of the elastic wall member 124. That is, the side surface 124c on the outer side in the vehicle longitudinal direction of the elastic wall member 124 is more inclined to the vertical direction than the side surface 124d on the inner side in the vehicle longitudinal direction of the elastic wall member 124. Therefore, in the elastic wall member 124, the edge in the vehicle longitudinal direction outer side of the lower surface of the cross beam 5 does not hit the elastic wall member 124 at any time when the vehicle is loaded and empty, damage to the elastic wall member 124 is prevented. Ru.
- the lower surface 124a of the elastic wall member 124 is parallel to the upper surface of the leaf spring 9, and the upper surface 124b of the elastic wall member 124 is a second surface area B of the lower surface of the cross beam 5 It is parallel. That is, the upper surface 124 b of the elastic wall member 124 is inclined with respect to the lower surface 124 a of the elastic wall member 124.
- the upper surface 124 b of the elastic wall member 124 is parallel to the second surface area B of the lower surface of the cross beam 5 and the side surface 124 c on the outer side in the vehicle longitudinal direction of the elastic wall member 124 is largely inclined.
- the contact area with the lower surface of the cross beam 5 becomes large in the state of being compressed when mounted on a vehicle. Therefore, the upper surface 124 b of the elastic wall member 124 and the cross beam 5 are expanded while the adhesion area between the lower surface 124 a of the elastic wall member 124 and the leaf spring 9 is enlarged and the edge of the elastic wall member 124 is prevented Dust and the like are prevented from entering the pressing member 22 side from the lower surface.
- the other structure is the same as that of 1st Embodiment mentioned above, description is abbreviate
- FIG. 8 is a side view of an elastic wall member 224 according to a second modification as viewed in the vehicle width direction.
- the elastic wall member 224 also has a shape in which the upper surface 224 b is smaller than the lower surface 224 a when viewed in the vehicle width direction.
- the elastic wall member 224 is formed with a tapered notch 224 c at its upper portion. That is, the upper portion of the elastic wall member 224 is formed to be tapered in the vertical direction than the lower portion of the elastic wall member 224 so that the volume of the upper portion of the elastic wall member 224 crushed by the lower surface of the cross beam 5 becomes smaller. There is. According to this, even if the surfaces sandwiching the elastic wall member 224 are not parallel to each other, the stress generated in the elastic wall member 224 is suppressed, and the positional deviation, peeling, and the like of the elastic wall member 224 can be prevented.
- FIG. 9 is a side view of the elastic wall member 324 of the third modification as viewed in the vehicle width direction.
- the elastic wall member 324 also has a shape in which the upper surface 324 b is smaller than the lower surface 324 a when viewed in the vehicle width direction.
- the elastic wall member 324 is formed with a concave notch 324c on the upper surface 324b. Since the volume of the upper part crushed by the lower surface of cross beam 5 among elastic wall members 324 becomes small according to this, even if the faces sandwiching elastic wall member 324 are not parallel, the stress generated in elastic wall member 324 is Thus, the positional deviation of the elastic wall member 324 can be prevented.
- the elastic wall member may be pressed by the lower surface of a portion other than the cross beam, as long as the lower surface of the bogie frame is opposed to the plate spring in the vertical direction.
- the elastic wall member is not limited to the elastic porous material, and may be formed of another elastic material (for example, rubber, silicone, etc.).
- the end 5a of the cross beam 5 may or may not be provided with a protrusion 25 projecting downward.
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Abstract
鉄道車両用台車は、横梁及び前記横梁の車幅方向の両端部に設けられた押圧部材を有する台車枠と、一対の車軸を夫々支持する複数の軸受を夫々収容する複数の軸箱と、車両長手方向に延び、前記複数の軸箱のうち車両長手方向に離間して配置された一対の軸箱に支持され、前記押圧部材により上方から離隔自在に押圧された状態で前記横梁を支持する板バネと、前記押圧部材の車両長手方向両側に配置され、前記台車枠の下面と前記板バネの上面との間に圧縮状態で挟まれた弾性壁部材と、を備える。
Description
本発明は、板バネを備えた鉄道車両用台車に関する。
特許文献1には、鉄道車両用の台車として、台車枠のうち側梁の部分を省いて板バネを用い、板バネの中央上面に台車枠の押圧部材が離隔自在に載せられたものが開示されている。この台車では、板バネと押圧部材の間に接触点の車両長手方向両側に隙間がある。また、板バネが押圧部材に対して固定されていないために車両走行時に板バネと押圧部材との間の隙間が広がる可能性がある。そのため、これらの隙間に異物が侵入しないように、可撓性カバーが取り付けられている。
しかし、特許文献1の構成であると、可撓性カバーを台車枠に取り付けるための構造や取り付け作業等が複雑になり、高コスト化してしまう。
そこで本発明では、板バネと押圧部材との間の隙間への異物侵入を低コストで防止することを目的とする。
本発明の一態様に係る鉄道車両用台車は、横梁、及び、前記横梁の車幅方向の両端部に設けられた押圧部材を有する台車枠と、一対の車軸を夫々支持する複数の軸受を夫々収容する複数の軸箱と、車両長手方向に延び、前記複数の軸箱のうち車両長手方向に離間して配置された一対の軸箱に支持され、前記押圧部材により上方から離隔自在に押圧された状態で前記横梁を支持する板バネと、前記押圧部材の車両長手方向両側に配置され、前記台車枠の下面と前記板バネの上面との間に圧縮状態で挟まれた弾性壁部材と、を備える。
前記構成によれば、押圧部材と板バネとの接触領域の車両長手方向両側に配置された弾性壁部材が、車両長手方向外方から台車枠と板バネとの間の空間を閉鎖しているため、板バネと押圧部材との間に生じる隙間に車両長手方向からの異物が侵入することを防止できる。また、車両走行時に板バネと押圧部材との間の隙間が広がっても、当該隙間への異物侵入を防止することができる。しかも、台車枠の下面を利用して弾性壁部材を圧縮するため、簡素な構成で済み、台車組立作業も容易に行える。よって、板バネと押圧部材との間の隙間への異物侵入を低コストで防止できる。
本発明によれば、板バネと押圧部材との間に生じる隙間への異物侵入を低コストで防止できる。
以下、図面を参照して実施形態を説明する。なお、以下の説明では、鉄道車両が走行する方向であって車体が延びる方向を車両長手方向とし、それに直交する横方向を車幅方向として定義する。車両長手方向は前後方向とも称し、車幅方向は左右方向とも称しえる。
図1は、実施形態に係る鉄道車両の台車1を車幅方向から見た側面図である。図1に示すように、鉄道車両の台車1は、二次サスペンションとなる空気バネ2及びボルスタ3を介して車体(図示せず)を支持する台車枠4を備える。台車枠4は、台車1の車両長手方向の中央において車幅方向に延びる横梁5を備えるが、いわゆる側梁を備えていない。なお、本実施形態の台車1は、ボルスタ付き台車であるがボルスタレス台車としてもよい。
横梁5は、ボルスタ3に対して旋回可能に接続され、ボルスタ3は、空気バネ2及びボルスタアンカ(図示せず)を介して車体に接続される。横梁5の車両長手方向の両側には、一対の輪軸6が配置されている。輪軸6は、車幅方向に延びる車軸6aと、車軸6aの車幅方向両側に設けられた車輪6bとを有する。車軸6aの車幅方向両側の部分は、それぞれ軸受7に回転自在に支持され、軸受7は、軸箱8に収容されている。
軸箱8は、車両長手方向に延びた板バネ9の端部9bを支持している。板バネ9の長手方向の中央部9aは、横梁5の車幅方向の端部5aを支持している。即ち、板バネ9は、台車1の車幅方向両側の各々において車両長手方向に離間して配置された一対の軸箱8に支持されるとともに台車枠4を支持する。そのため、板バネ9は、一次サスペンションの機能と従来の側梁の機能とを兼ねる。板バネ9は、例えば、繊維強化樹脂で形成される。板バネ9は、台車の側面視で全体として下方に凸な弓形状に形成されている。即ち、板バネ9の中央部9aは端部9bよりも下方に位置する。
軸箱8は、軸箱支持装置としての連結機構10によって横梁5の車幅方向の端部5aに連結されている。連結機構10は、軸箱8から一体に横梁5側(台車中央側)に向けて突出した軸梁11と、横梁5側から軸梁11に向けて突出した受け梁12と、軸梁11の先端部を受け梁12に連結するための連結部13とを備える。即ち、連結機構10は、一例として軸梁式であるが、これに限られるものではない。板バネ9は、車両長手方向から見て逆凹形状の受け梁12により形成された空間を通過して、横梁5の下方位置に至っている。即ち、板バネ9の中央部9aは、側面視で受け梁12と重なる位置に配置されている。
連結部13は、例えば、軸梁11の先端部に設けられた筒状部14と、筒状部14に挿入される心棒15と、筒状部14と心棒15との間に介設される弾性ブッシュ16(例えば、ゴムブッシュ)と、受け梁12に形成された嵌入溝12aと、蓋部材17と、締結部材18とを備える。筒状部14は、内周面が円筒形状で横方向両側が開口し、筒状部14の内部空間に弾性ブッシュ16及び心棒15が挿通されている。受け梁12の嵌入溝12aは下方に向けて開口しており、心棒15の横方向両端部が嵌入溝12aに下方から嵌入されている。その状態で、嵌入溝12aの下側開口を閉鎖するように、蓋部材17が締結部材18により下方から受け梁12に固定され、心棒15が蓋部材17によって下方から支持されている。
軸箱8の上部にはバネ座19が取り付けられ、車両長手方向に延びた板バネ9の端部9bがバネ座19に上方から離隔可能に載せられている。即ち、板バネ9の長手方向両側の端部9bは、バネ座19を介して軸箱8に支持されている。バネ座19は、軸箱8の上面に位置決めされた弾性体20(例えば、積層ゴム)と、弾性体20の上に位置決めされて板バネ9の端部9bが載せられた受け部材21とを備える。板バネ9は、受け部材21に対して非固定である。
図2は、図1に示す台車1の板バネ9、押圧部材22及び弾性壁部材24等を車幅方向から見た側面図である。図1及び2に示すように、台車枠4は、横梁5の端部5aの下部に設けられた押圧部材22を有する。例えば、押圧部材22は、金属や繊維強化樹脂等の非弾性部材で構成され、その下面に緩衝シート23(例えば、ゴムシート)が設けられている。押圧部材22は、例えば、横梁5の端部5aの下面に対して凹凸嵌合されることで横梁5に取り付けられるが、押圧部材22を横梁5の端部5aに溶接等により固定してもよい。板バネ9の中央部9aは、押圧部材22の真下に位置している。中央部9aの上面は、台車の側面視において下方に凸な円弧形状を有し、押圧部材22の下面は、台車の側面視において下方に凸な円弧形状を有し、押圧部材22が板バネ9の中央部9aに上方から載せられている。
押圧部材22は、板バネ9に固定されない状態で横梁5からの重力による下方荷重によって板バネ9の上面を離隔可能に押圧している。即ち、押圧部材22は、固定具(例えば、ボルト等)によって板バネ9に接続されることなく、板バネ9の上面を押圧する。言い換えれば、横梁5からの重力による下方荷重とそれに対する板バネ9の反力とによって、板バネ9の上面に対する押圧部材22の押圧が保たれた状態となる。これにより、板バネ9は、押圧部材22の下面に対して押圧領域を変化させながら揺動することを可能にする。押圧部材22は、板バネ9の中央部9aの上面に直接的に載せられてもよいし、間接的に載せられてもよい。
台車1が車体(図示せず)を支持していない状態において、押圧部材22の下面の曲率は、板バネ9の中央部9aの上面の曲率よりも大きい。台車1が車体(図示せず)を支持した状態では、車体(図示せず)からの下方荷重によって横梁5が下方に沈むように板バネ9が弾性変形し、板バネ9の中央部9aの曲率は増加する。板バネ9と押圧部材22の曲率の差により、板バネ9と押圧部材22の間には隙間が生じる。また、車両走行時の加減速や輪軸6の上下振動等により横梁5と板バネ9とがピッチング方向に相対的に回動すると、押圧部材22は、板バネ9の中央部9aの上面に対して押圧領域を変化させながら回動するため、押圧部材22の長手方向端部の下面と板バネ9の上面との間に生じた隙間が広がり得る。
本実施形態では、当該隙間に異物が入り込まないように、押圧部材22の車両長手方向両側に弾性壁部材24が設けられている。本実施形態では、弾性壁部材24の全体が、押圧部材22の車両長手方向外側に配置されており、弾性壁部材24と押圧部材22とは互いに離間している。弾性壁部材24は、台車枠4の下面と板バネ9の上面との間に圧縮状態で挟まれている。具体的には、押圧部材22の車両長手方向の長さが横梁5の端部5aの下面の車両長手方向の長さよりも小さく、車両長手方向において押圧部材22の両端が横梁5の端部5aの下面の両端よりも内側に配置されており、弾性壁部材24は、押圧部材22の車両長手方向両側において横梁5の端部5aの下面と板バネ9の上面との間で挟まれている。
本実施形態では、弾性壁部材24は、板バネ9の上面に接着されており、横梁5の端部5aの下面に非接着で接触している。なお、弾性壁部材24は、その上下両面が横梁5及び板バネ9に夫々接着されてもよいし、弾性壁部材24は、横梁5の下面に接着されて板バネ9の上面に非接触で接触していてもよい。
横梁5の端部5aには、弾性壁部材24の車両長手方向外側において下方に突出した突起部25が設けられている。突起部25の下端は、車両長手方向から見て弾性壁部材24の上面と横梁5の端部5aの下面との間の境界よりも下方に位置し、かつ、板バネ9の上面に対して隙間をあけている。突起部25の車幅方向長さは、押圧部材22の車幅方向長さと同じ又はそれよりも長い。突起部25は、弾性壁部材24から車両長手方向に離間している。
図3は、図2に示す板バネ9、受け梁12及び弾性壁部材24等を車両長手方向から見た断面図である。図1及び3に示すように、受け梁12は、上壁部12bと、上壁部12bの車幅方向両端から下方に突出した一対の受座部12cとを有し、車両長手方向から見て逆凹形状を呈している。一対の受座部12cは、上壁部12bよりも車両長手方向に突出しており、その突出した一対の受座部12cの先端部に下方から上方に向けて凹設された嵌入溝12aが形成されている(図1参照)。一対の受座部12cは、押圧部材22の車幅方向両側に配置されている。受座部12cは、車幅方向から見て弾性壁部材24と押圧部材22との間の隙間も側方から覆っている(図2参照)。
図3に示すように、一対の受座部12cは、板バネ9から車幅方向に離間している。弾性壁部材24は、車幅方向に延びた形状を有する。弾性壁部材24は、一対の受座部12cに向けて板バネ9よりも車幅方向に突出している。弾性壁部材24の車幅方向の端面は、受座部12cに接触してもよいし、受座部12cから少し離れていてもよい。なお、弾性壁部材24のうち板バネ9よりも車幅方向に突出した部分は、板バネ9と受座部12cとの間の隙間に向けて下方に突出していてもよい。また、弾性壁部材24は、板バネ9よりも車幅方向に突出していなくてもよい。
図4は、図2に示す弾性壁部材24を車幅方向から見た側面図である。図4に示すように、弾性壁部材24は、車幅方向から見た側面視において下面より上面が小さい形状を有する。具体的には、弾性壁部材24は、車幅方向から見て略台形形状を有する。一例として、弾性壁部材24は、クローズドセル式の多孔質材である。車幅方向から見て、板バネ9のうち弾性壁部材24の下面24aを支持する第1面領域Aは、横梁5のうち弾性壁部材24の上面24bを押圧する第2面領域Bに対して傾斜している。弾性壁部材24の下面24aは、板バネ9の上面の第1面領域Aと平行であり、かつ、弾性壁部材24の上面24bは、横梁5の下面の第2面領域Bと平行である。このため、弾性壁部材24が台車1に搭載された状態において、弾性壁部材24は、横梁5の下面により極力均等に押圧されることとなる。即ち、弾性壁部材24は、車幅方向から見た側面視において上面より下面が小さい略台形形状であっても、第1面領域Aと弾性壁部材24の下面24a、第2面領域Bと弾性壁部材24の上面24bが、夫々平行であれば、弾性壁部材24が台車1に搭載された状態において、弾性壁部材24は、横梁5の下面により極力均等に押圧されることとなる。
以上に説明した構成によれば、押圧部材22と板バネ9との接触領域の車両長手方向両側に配置された弾性壁部材24が、車両長手方向外方から横梁5と板バネ9との間の空間を閉鎖しているため、板バネ9と押圧部材22との間に生じる隙間に車両長手方向からの異物が侵入することを防止できる。しかも、横梁5の下面を利用して弾性壁部材24を圧縮するため、簡素な構成で済み、台車組立作業も容易に行える。よって、板バネ9と押圧部材22との間の隙間への異物侵入を低コストで防止できる。更に、弾性壁部材24は、クローズドセル式の弾性多孔質材(例えば、スポンジ)を有するので、異物を良好に遮断する性能と横梁5及び板バネ9の動きに柔軟に追従する性能とを好適に両立できる。
また、弾性壁部材24は、一対の受座部12cに向けて板バネ9よりも車幅方向に突出しており、弾性壁部材24が板バネ9よりも車幅方向に食み出ているため、車両長手方向外方からの異物浸入をより好適に防止できる。また、連結機構10の一対の受座部12cが弾性壁部材24と押圧部材22との間の隙間を側方から覆っているので、弾性壁部材24と一対の受座部12cとにより、車両長手方向及び車幅方向の両方から板バネ9と押圧部材22との間に生じ得る隙間への異物侵入を防止できる。
また、弾性壁部材24は、板バネ9の上面に接着されており、横梁5の下面に非接着で接触しているだけであるので、台車の組み立て作業が容易に行える。また、弾性壁部材24の下面は、板バネ9の上面の第1面領域Aと平行であり、かつ、弾性壁部材24の上面は、横梁5の端部5aの下面の第2面領域Bと平行であるので、弾性壁部材24を挟む面同士が平行でなくても、横梁5及び板バネ9から弾性壁部材24に偏った力が作用することが抑制される。よって、弾性壁部材24と板バネ9との間の接着層に剪断力が作用することが抑制され、弾性壁部材24の位置ズレや剥がれを防止できる。
また、図5に示すように、横梁5がピッチング動作した場合には、横梁5の前端又は後端のいずれか一方が、そのいずれか他方に対して上方に変位して板バネ9の上面との距離が変わる。そうすると、弾性壁部材24が横梁5に対して非接着で接触しているだけの場合には、弾性壁部材24の上面と横梁5の端部5aの下面との間にギャップGが発生する可能性がある。しかし、横梁5には、弾性壁部材24の車両長手方向外側において下方に突出した突起部25が設けられており、車両長手方向からみてギャップGが突起部25により覆われるため、ラビリンス効果によりギャップGを介した異物浸入を防止できる。
図6は、第1変形例の弾性壁部材124を備えた台車の図2相当の図面である。図7は、図6に示す弾性壁部材124を車幅方向から見た側面図である。図6及び7に示すように、弾性壁部材124も、車幅方向から見て上面124bよりも下面124aが大きい形状を有する。
弾性壁部材124の下面124aの車両長手方向外側の端縁は、横梁5の下面の車両長手方向外側の端縁よりも距離Lだけ車両長手方向外側に位置するため、弾性壁部材124の下面124aと板バネ9との接着面積が広くなる。よって、弾性壁部材124と板バネ9との間の接着力が向上し、弾性壁部材124の位置ズレや剥がれ等を防止できる。
また、弾性壁部材124は上方に向けて先細りの形状を有するが、弾性壁部材124の上面124bは、弾性壁部材124の下面124aに対して車両長手方向内方に偏在している。即ち、弾性壁部材124の車両長手方向外側の側面124cは、弾性壁部材124の車両長手方向内側の側面124dよりも鉛直方向に対して大きく傾斜している。そのため、弾性壁部材124は、車両搭載状態の空車時及び満車時のいずれでも、横梁5の下面の車両長手方向外側のエッジが弾性壁部材124に当たらず、弾性壁部材124の損傷が防止される。
また、車幅方向から見て、弾性壁部材124の下面124aは、板バネ9の上面と平行であり、かつ、弾性壁部材124の上面124bは、横梁5の下面の第2面領域Bと平行である。即ち、弾性壁部材124の上面124bは、弾性壁部材124の下面124aに対して傾斜している。弾性壁部材124の上面124bは、横梁5の下面の第2面領域Bと平行かつ、弾性壁部材124の車両長手方向外側の側面124cが大きく傾斜していることで、弾性壁部材124が、車両搭載時に圧縮された状態において横梁5の下面との接触面積が大きくなる。よって、弾性壁部材124の下面124aと板バネ9との接着面積の拡大と、車両長手方向外側のエッジによる弾性壁部材124の損傷を防止しながら、弾性壁部材124の上面124bと横梁5の下面との間から押圧部材22側に塵等が入り込むことが防止される。なお、他の構成は前述した第1実施形態と同様であるため説明を省略する。
図8は、第2変形例の弾性壁部材224を車幅方向から見た側面図である。図8に示すように、弾性壁部材224も、車幅方向から見て下面224aより上面224bが小さい形状を有する。具体的には、弾性壁部材224には、その上部にテーパー状の切欠部224cが形成されている。即ち、弾性壁部材224のうち横梁5の下面により押し潰される上部のボリュームが小さくなるように、弾性壁部材224の上部が、弾性壁部材224の下部よりも鉛直方向に先細り状に形成されている。これによれば、弾性壁部材224を挟む面同士が平行でなくても、弾性壁部材224に生じる応力が抑制され、弾性壁部材224の位置ズレや剥がれ等を防止できる。
図9は、第3変形例の弾性壁部材324を車幅方向から見た側面図である。図9に示すように、弾性壁部材324も、車幅方向から見て下面324aより上面324bが小さい形状を有する。具体的には、弾性壁部材324には、その上面324bに凹状の切欠部324cが形成されている。これによれば、弾性壁部材324のうち横梁5の下面により押し潰される上部のボリュームが小さくなるため、弾性壁部材324を挟む面同士が平行でなくても、弾性壁部材324に生じる応力が抑制され、弾性壁部材324の位置ズレを防止できる。
なお、本発明は前述した実施形態及び変形例に限定されるものではなく、その構成を変更、追加、又は削除することができる。例えば、弾性壁部材は、台車枠のうち板バネと鉛直方向に対向する下面であれば、横梁以外の部分の下面により押圧されてもよい。弾性壁部材は、弾性多孔質材に限られず、他の弾性材料(例えば、ゴムやシリコーン等)で形成されてもよい。横梁5の端部5aには、下方に突出する突起部25を設けてもよいし、設けなくてもよい。
1 台車
4 台車枠
5 横梁
5a 端部
6a 車軸
7 軸受
8 軸箱
9 板バネ
10 連結装置
12c 受座部
22 押圧部材
24,124,224,324 弾性壁部材
25 突起部
124c,224c,324c 切欠部
A 第1面領域
B 第2面領域
4 台車枠
5 横梁
5a 端部
6a 車軸
7 軸受
8 軸箱
9 板バネ
10 連結装置
12c 受座部
22 押圧部材
24,124,224,324 弾性壁部材
25 突起部
124c,224c,324c 切欠部
A 第1面領域
B 第2面領域
Claims (9)
- 横梁、及び、前記横梁の車幅方向の両端部に設けられた押圧部材を有する台車枠と、
一対の車軸を夫々支持する複数の軸受を夫々収容する複数の軸箱と、
車両長手方向に延び、前記複数の軸箱のうち車両長手方向に離間して配置された一対の軸箱に支持され、前記押圧部材により上方から離隔自在に押圧された状態で前記横梁を支持する板バネと、
前記押圧部材の車両長手方向両側に配置され、前記台車枠の下面と前記板バネの上面との間に圧縮状態で挟まれた弾性壁部材と、を備える、鉄道車両用台車。 - 車両長手方向において、前記押圧部材の両端が、前記横梁の下面の両端よりも内側に配置され、
前記弾性壁部材は、前記押圧部材の車両長手方向両側において前記横梁の前記下面と前記板バネの上面との間で挟まれている、請求項1に記載の鉄道車両用台車。 - 前記複数の軸箱を前記台車枠に連結する複数の連結機構を更に備え、
前記連結機構は、前記押圧部材の車幅方向両側に配置された一対の受座部を有し、
前記一対の受座部は、前記弾性壁部材と前記押圧部材との間の隙間を側方から覆っている、請求項1又は2に記載の鉄道車両用台車。 - 前記一対の受座部は、前記板バネから車幅方向に離間しており、
前記弾性壁部材は、前記一対の受座部に向けて前記板バネよりも車幅方向に突出している、請求項3に記載の鉄道車両用台車。 - 側面視において、前記板バネのうち前記弾性壁部材の下面を支持する第1面領域は、前記台車枠のうち前記弾性壁部材の上面を押圧する第2面領域に対して傾斜しており、
前記弾性壁部材の下面は、前記第1面領域と平行であり、かつ、前記弾性壁部材の上面は、前記第2面領域と平行である、請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の鉄道車両用台車。 - 側面視において、前記板バネのうち前記弾性壁部材の下面を支持する面は、前記台車枠のうち前記弾性壁部材の上面を押圧する面に対して傾斜しており、
前記弾性壁部材は、その上部又は下部に切欠部が形成されている、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の鉄道車両用台車。 - 前記弾性壁部材は、前記板バネの上面に接着されており、前記台車枠の下面に非接着で接触している、請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の鉄道車両用台車。
- 前記台車枠は、前記弾性壁部材の車両長手方向外側において下方に突出した突起部を更に有する、請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の鉄道車両用台車。
- 前記弾性壁部材は、クローズドセル式の多孔質材を有する、請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の鉄道車両用台車。
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CN201880014338.9A CN110312654B (zh) | 2017-12-26 | 2018-12-18 | 铁道车辆用转向架 |
US16/910,302 US11584402B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2020-06-24 | Railcar bogie |
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CN112519823B (zh) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-01-07 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | 转向架侧梁、转向架及轨道车辆 |
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SG11202005919YA (en) | 2020-07-29 |
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