WO2019119475A1 - 一种分级强化混凝的方法 - Google Patents

一种分级强化混凝的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019119475A1
WO2019119475A1 PCT/CN2017/118443 CN2017118443W WO2019119475A1 WO 2019119475 A1 WO2019119475 A1 WO 2019119475A1 CN 2017118443 W CN2017118443 W CN 2017118443W WO 2019119475 A1 WO2019119475 A1 WO 2019119475A1
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coagulation
rpm
water
polyaluminum chloride
stirring
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PCT/CN2017/118443
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李星
苏兆阳
杨艳玲
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北京工业大学
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Publication of WO2019119475A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019119475A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of feed water treatment, and in particular relates to a method for hierarchical enhanced coagulation based on polyaluminum chloride and zirconium tetrachloride.
  • Coagulation is an important process unit in feedwater treatment. Contaminants in raw water (such as colloidal particles and dissolved organic matter) can be partially removed in this unit. The effect of coagulation directly determines the removal efficiency of pollutants, and has an important impact on the operating load of the subsequent treatment process and the final effluent quality.
  • the inventor of the present invention has proposed a method for classifying the coagulation process to enhance coagulation by using a conventional coagulant (polyaluminum chloride) and a novel coagulant (zirconium tetrachloride), which is the present invention.
  • a method of hierarchical enhanced coagulation is discussed.
  • the invention aims to improve the pollutant removal rate and reduce the residual aluminum in the effluent in the coagulation process in the feed water treatment, and proposes a method for hierarchical enhanced coagulation based on polyaluminum chloride and zirconium tetrachloride.
  • the method can improve the removal efficiency of the pollutants, improve the solid-liquid separation effect of the flocs and reduce the residual aluminum content in the effluent.
  • the technical principle of a method for hierarchically strengthening coagulation according to the present invention is to carry out the first-stage administration (polyaluminium chloride) at the beginning of rapid stirring in the coagulation process, and the monomer aluminum with a positive electric charge makes the water to be treated
  • the negatively charged particles are almost completely destabilized; the second stage of application (zirconium tetrachloride) is carried out. Because of its weaker neutralization ability and larger size of the hydrolyzed product, the second stage of zirconium tetrachloride is cast.
  • the adsorption performance of the organic matter is enhanced mainly by the enhanced mesh trapping effect, and the formed flocs are large and dense, and the sedimentation performance is good.
  • a method for hierarchically strengthening coagulation comprises the steps of: using a polyaluminum chloride for the first stage of dosing at the beginning of coagulation, so that the particulate contaminants in the water to be treated are substantially completely destabilized (about 0.5 to a rapid agitation) 1min), that is, the zeta potential of the particulate contaminant must be in the range of 0 ⁇ 1mV; then use zirconium tetrachloride for the second-stage administration and continue to stir rapidly for 0.5 ⁇ 1min, then slowly stir for 10 ⁇ 15min to form Flocs with good sedimentation properties, and the organic removal effect is also significantly improved compared to the use of polyaluminum chloride alone.
  • the degree of alkalization of the polyaluminum chloride is B ⁇ 2.0.
  • the zirconium tetrachloride is metered in such a manner that the molar ratio of the Zr/Al content in the raw water is in the range of 1.0 to 2.0.
  • the rapid stirring speed is 300 to 500 rpm.
  • the slow agitation speed is 40 to 60 rpm.
  • the present invention aims at a method for coagulation in water treatment, in order to improve the removal rate of pollutants and controllable adverse effects, and proposes a method for hierarchical enhanced coagulation based on polyaluminum chloride and zirconium tetrachloride.
  • the floc size is larger, the structure is more compact, and the sedimentation performance is better. Due to the faster flotation rate of the floc, the volume of the sedimentation tank is reduced relatively. Under the condition of constant floor space, the process flow can be extended for the upgrading of the urban water supply plant, that is, the membrane treatment process is added to improve the water quality and provide an effective solution. .
  • the method for the stepwise enhanced coagulation based on the polyaluminum chloride and zirconium chloride of the invention can reduce the residual aluminum content in the effluent, and at the same time increase the organic matter removal rate and thereby reduce the disinfection in the subsequent disinfection process. The risk of by-products.
  • the medicament used is a water purification agent commonly used in water treatment, and the operation is simple and easy to implement.
  • a river water in Beijing was used as the raw water for the test.
  • the raw water turbidity was 16.2 NTU
  • the COD Mn was 23.7 mg/L
  • the pH was 7.6, and the water temperature was 13.5 °C.
  • the polyaluminum chloride (basicity B value is 2.5) is used as the coagulant alone
  • the optimum dosage is 12.6 mg / L (in terms of Al)
  • the residual water turbidity after sinking is 1.7 NTU
  • COD Mn is 3.9 mg / L
  • residual aluminum content 0.62 mg / L.
  • polyaluminum chloride (basicity B value: 2.5) was added to make the raw water content 5 mg/L (in terms of Al), while the raw water was rapidly stirred at 400 rpm; rapid stirring was continued for 0.5 min. Thereafter, the zeta potential of the water contaminant was 0.1 mV, and then zirconium tetrachloride was added to make the content of the raw water 8 mg/L (in terms of Zr) and rapidly stirred at 400 rpm for 0.5 min; then, at 40 rpm for 15 min. Slowly stirring. After standing for 15 min, the turbidity of the water after sinking was 0.5 NTU, the COD Mn was 1.3 mg/L, and the residual aluminum content was 0.21 mg/L.
  • the invention method of the present invention has a significant increase in the removal rate of organic matter and turbidity, and the residual aluminum content in the effluent is significantly lower than that of the aluminum salt coagulant alone.
  • the turbidity is 7.8 NTU
  • the COD Mn is 9.3 mg/L
  • the pH is 7.3
  • the water temperature is 8.2 °C.
  • the polyaluminum chloride (basicity B value is 2.3)
  • the optimum dosage is 6.2 mg/L (in terms of Al)
  • the residual water turbidity after sinking is 1.4 NTU
  • COD Mn is 2.7 mg / L
  • residual aluminum content was 0.47 mg / L.
  • polyaluminum chloride (basicity B value: 2.3) was added to make the content of raw water 3 mg/L (in terms of Al), while the raw water was rapidly stirred at 500 rpm; rapid stirring was continued for 0.5 min. Thereafter, the zeta potential of the water contaminant was -0.4 mV, and zirconium tetrachloride was added to make the content in the raw water 4 mg/L (in terms of Zr) and then rapidly stirred at 500 rpm for 1 min; then 15 min at 50 rpm. Slowly stirring. After standing for 15 min, the residual water turbidity after precipitation was 0.6 NTU, the COD Mn was 0.8 mg/L, and the residual aluminum content was 0.11 mg/L.
  • the invention method of the present invention has a significant increase in the removal rate of organic matter and the residual aluminum content in the effluent is significantly lower than that of the aluminum salt coagulant alone, and the aluminum content in the drinking water national standard is less than 0.2 mg/L. Claim.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)

Abstract

一种分级强化混凝的方法，在混凝开始时使用聚合氯化铝进行第一级投药，同时快速搅拌约0.5～1min，使得颗粒污染物的Zeta电位须处于0±1mV范围内；再使用四氯化锆进行第二级投药并继续快速搅拌0.5～1min后，接着慢速搅拌10～15min；聚合氯化铝的碱化度B≥2.0；快速搅拌速度为300～500rpm；慢速搅拌速度为40～60rpm。

Description

一种分级强化混凝的方法 技术领域
本发明属给水处理领域，特别涉及一种基于聚合氯化铝和四氯化锆的分级强化混凝的方法。
背景技术
混凝是给水处理中的重要工艺单元，原水中的污染物(如：胶体颗粒物和溶解性有机物)均可在此单元中被部分去除。混凝效果的好坏直接决定了污染物的去除效率，且对后续处理工艺的运行负荷和最终出水水质产生重要影响。
强化混凝效能以提高污染物去除率已成为近年来给水处理领域的研究热点。在多数情况下，强化混凝是指通过提高混凝剂(如：铝盐)的投加量或降低原水pH值以达到提高有机物去除率的目的。然而，有研究表明增加铝盐投量的同时也会造成诸多不利影响，如：由于较高的药剂投量导致在沉淀池的污泥含量升高以及出水中的残余铝浓度增加；或较低的pH值导致絮体形成受阻，固液分离效果变差等影响。为此，如何能够在提高混凝单元中污染物去除效率的同时最大限度地克服上述不利影响是给水厂面临的技术难题之一。
因此，开发高效、操作便捷及不利影响可控的强化混凝的方法是当前给水处理研究与工程实践中亟需进一步解决的难题。本案发明人针对这一技术问题，提出采用常规混凝剂(聚合氯化铝)和新型混凝剂(四氯化锆)对混凝过程进行分级调控以强化混凝的方法，也即本发明所论述的一种分级强化混凝的方法。
发明内容
发明目的
本发明的目的是针对给水处理中的混凝过程，以提高污染物去除率及减 少出水中残余铝为目标，提出了一种基于聚合氯化铝和四氯化锆的分级强化混凝的方法；该方法可提高污染物去除效率、改善絮体固液分离效果及降低出水中残余铝含量。
技术原理
本发明的一种分级强化混凝的方法技术原理在于：在混凝过程中的快速搅拌开始时进行第一级投药(聚合氯化铝),带正电量较高的单体铝使得待处理水中的带负电的颗粒物基本完全脱稳；再进行第二级投药(四氯化锆)，由于其电中和能力较弱而其水解产物的尺寸较大，故第二级四氯化锆的投加主要通过增强网捕卷扫作用而提高对有机物的吸附效能且形成的絮体大且密实，沉降性能良好。
实施步骤
本发明的一种分级强化混凝的方法包括以下步骤：在混凝开始时使用聚合氯化铝进行第一级投药，使得待处理水中的颗粒污染物基本完全脱稳后(约快速搅拌0.5～1min)，即此时颗粒污染物的Zeta电位须处于0±1mV范围内；再使用四氯化锆进行第二级投药并持续快速搅拌0.5～1min后，继而慢速搅拌10～15min即可形成沉降性能良好的絮体，且有机物去除效果相比单独使用聚合氯化铝也得到明显提高。
所述的聚合氯化铝的碱化度B≥2.0。
所述的四氯化锆的投量，须使得原水中Zr/Al含量的摩尔比处于1.0～2.0范围内。
所述的快速搅拌速度为300～500rpm。
所述的慢速搅拌速度为40～60rpm。
本发明的技术优势、可取得如下预期的技术效果：
(1)本发明针对给水处理中的混凝过程，以提高污染物去除率及不利影响可控为目标，提出了一种基于聚合氯化铝和四氯化锆的分级强化混凝的方法，相比常规铝盐形成的絮体尺寸较大，结构更加密实，沉降性能更佳。由于絮体沉降速度更快相对地缩减了沉淀池的体积，在占地面积恒定的条件下， 可为城市给水厂的升级改造延长工艺流程，即加入膜处理工艺提升水质，提供有效的解决途径。
(2)应用本发明的基于聚合氯化铝和四氯化锆的分级强化混凝的方法，可使出水中残余铝含量降低，同时可提高有机物去除率进而减小在后续消毒过程中产生消毒副产物的风险。
(3)应用本发明的基于聚合氯化铝和四氯化锆的分级强化混凝的方法，所使用的药剂为水处理中常用的净水药剂，操作简便、易于实现。
具体实施方式
实施例1
取北京市内某河水作为试验用原水，原水浊度为16.2NTU，COD Mn为23.7mg/L，pH值为7.6，水温为13.5℃。单独以聚合氯化铝(碱化度B值为2.5)为混凝剂时，最佳投量为12.6mg/L(以Al计)，此时沉后水余浊为1.7NTU，COD Mn为3.9mg/L，残余铝含量为0.62mg/L。
说明：此试验的过程为混凝试验开始时投加混凝剂，同时以400rpm进行1min快速搅拌，然后以40rpm进行15min的慢速搅拌，最后静沉15min后测沉后水水质。
采用本发明的方法对上述河水进行混凝试验：
混凝试验开始时投加聚合氯化铝(碱化度B值为2.5)使原水中其含量为5mg/L(以Al计)，同时以400rpm对原水进行快速搅拌；在快速搅拌持续0.5min后，此时水中污染物的Zeta电位为0.1mV，再投加四氯化锆使原水中其含量为8mg/L(以Zr计)并以400rpm快速搅拌0.5min后；继而以40rpm进行15min的慢速搅拌。静沉15min后，测得沉后水浊度为0.5NTU，COD Mn为1.3mg/L，残余铝含量为0.21mg/L。
说明采取本案的发明方法较单独使用铝盐混凝剂而言，对有机物和浊度的去除率有显著提升，出水中残余铝含量明显下降。
实施例2
以北京某公园湖水作为原水，浊度为7.8NTU，COD Mn为9.3mg/L，pH值为7.3，水温为8.2℃。单独以聚合氯化铝(碱化度B值为2.3)为混凝剂时，最佳投量为6.2mg/L(以Al计)，此时沉后水余浊为1.4NTU，COD Mn为2.7mg/L，残余铝含量为0.47mg/L。
说明：此试验的过程为混凝试验开始时投加混凝剂，同时以500rpm进行1.5min快速搅拌，然后以50rpm进行15min的慢速搅拌，最后静沉15min后测沉后水水质。
采用本发明的方法对上述河水进行混凝试验：
混凝试验开始时投加聚合氯化铝(碱化度B值为2.3)使原水中其含量为3mg/L(以Al计)，同时以500rpm对原水进行快速搅拌；在快速搅拌持续0.5min后，此时水中污染物的Zeta电位为-0.4mV，投加四氯化锆使原水中其含量为4mg/L(以Zr计)并再以500rpm快速搅拌1min后；继而以50rpm进行15min的慢速搅拌。静沉15min后，测得沉后水余浊为0.6NTU，COD Mn为0.8mg/L，残余铝含量为0.11mg/L。
说明采取本案的发明方法较单独使用铝盐混凝剂而言，对有机物的去除率有显著提升且出水中残余铝含量明显下降，达到我国饮用水国家标准中铝含量低于0.2mg/L的要求。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种分级强化混凝的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在混凝开始时使用聚合氯化铝进行第一级投药，同时快速搅拌约0.5～1min，使得颗粒污染物的Zeta电位须处于0±1mV范围内；再使用四氯化锆进行第二级投药并继续快速搅拌0.5～1min后，接着慢速搅拌10～15min；
    所述的聚合氯化铝的碱化度B≥2.0；
    所述的四氯化锆的投量，须使得原水中Zr/Al含量的摩尔比处于1.0～2.0范围内；
    所述的快速搅拌速度为300～500rpm；
    所述的慢速搅拌速度为40～60rpm。
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CN110015816A (zh) * 2019-04-26 2019-07-16 南京大学 一种采用温度调控方式提高废水处理效率的方法
CN114835303A (zh) * 2022-06-07 2022-08-02 西安交通大学 一种提升小分子有机物去除效率的珊瑚礁状絮体诱导形成方法

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