WO2019114187A1 - 一种除甲醛的纸面石膏板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种除甲醛的纸面石膏板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019114187A1
WO2019114187A1 PCT/CN2018/086494 CN2018086494W WO2019114187A1 WO 2019114187 A1 WO2019114187 A1 WO 2019114187A1 CN 2018086494 W CN2018086494 W CN 2018086494W WO 2019114187 A1 WO2019114187 A1 WO 2019114187A1
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Prior art keywords
gypsum board
formaldehyde
weight
parts
agent
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PCT/CN2018/086494
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈红霞
武发德
李帆
周梦文
王霞
张晓菲
贾严严
白风华
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北新集团建材股份有限公司
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Priority to EP18889198.0A priority Critical patent/EP3718986B1/en
Publication of WO2019114187A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019114187A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B01J20/262—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3007—Moulding, shaping or extruding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
    • C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/043—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of plaster
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/202—Polymeric adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/704—Solvents not covered by groups B01D2257/702 - B01D2257/7027
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/06—Polluted air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4508—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for cleaning air in buildings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00025—Aspects relating to the protection of the health, e.g. materials containing special additives to afford skin protection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C04B2111/0062—Gypsum-paper board like materials

Definitions

  • the present application relates to, but is not limited to, the field of building materials, and in particular to a gypsum board for removing formaldehyde and a preparation method thereof.
  • Formaldehyde has become one of the main pollutants in China's decoration. Formaldehyde is the most serious harm to the human body and has the longest incubation period. It is called “the first killer of indoor pollution”; formaldehyde is the main cause of neonatal malformation, childhood leukemia, memory and mental decline of adolescents, and is determined by the WHO (World Health Organization) as "Carcinogenic and teratogenic substances”. Long-term exposure to low doses of formaldehyde can cause chronic poisoning and cause diseases such as the respiratory system, nervous system, and reproductive system. Therefore, the harm of formaldehyde to humans cannot be ignored. Since the formaldehyde release cycle is 3-15 years, the gypsum board except formaldehyde needs to achieve the effect of effectively removing formaldehyde for a long time.
  • the present application aims to provide a formaldehyde-free gypsum board.
  • the gypsum board can effectively reduce the indoor formaldehyde concentration, and the net aldehyde effect can be maintained for a long time; meanwhile, the formaldehyde removal process
  • the gypsum board also has excellent mechanical properties.
  • the formaldehyde removing gypsum board provided by the present application comprises two layers of facing paper and a gypsum board between the two layers of facing paper; and the gypsum board comprises 2-10 weights for 100 parts by weight of the cooked gypsum powder Part of the net aldehyde agent;
  • the preparation method of the net aldehyde agent is as follows: 10-20 parts by weight of coal powder, 5-10 parts by weight of polymer amines are added to 15-25 parts by weight of silica sol, stirred and mixed; heated to 40-60 ° C, added 15-20 parts by weight of the polypeptide, 10-15 parts by weight of the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion, the pH is adjusted to 7.5-8.0, and the mixture is stirred at 1800 rpm for 10-20 minutes to obtain the net aldehyde.
  • the polypeptide is one or more of an antimicrobial peptide or a casein phosphopeptide
  • the polymeric amine is one or more of a polyallylamine, a dendritic polyamide, and a hyperbranched polyamide.
  • polypeptide is a combination of an antimicrobial peptide and a casein phosphopeptide, and the weight ratio of the antimicrobial peptide to the casein phosphopeptide is 1:4 to 1:2.
  • weight ratio of the antimicrobial peptide to the casein phosphopeptide is 1:3.
  • the gypsum board further comprises the following components:
  • a method for preparing a formaldehyde-removing gypsum board comprises the steps of: preparing a predetermined part by weight of a gypsum powder, a net aldehyde, a reinforcing agent, a water reducing agent, and a modified starch, After mechanical stirring, the mixer is introduced into the mixer; a predetermined weight part of the foaming agent is added to the water, and the mixed liquid is foamed through the foaming system and then enters the mixer; each raw material is thoroughly stirred by the mixer to obtain a uniform slurry, and the two are continuously poured in the two Between the layer facing papers, a gypsum board wet board is obtained by extrusion molding; the gypsum board wet board is solidified, cut, dried, and sawed to obtain the net aldehyde paper gypsum board.
  • the formaldehyde removing gypsum board of the embodiment of the present invention comprises two layers of facing paper and a gypsum board between the two layers of facing paper; and for 100 parts by weight of the cooked gypsum powder, the gypsum board comprises 2-10 parts by weight.
  • the preparation method of the net aldehyde is as follows: 10-20 parts by weight of pulverized coal, 5-10 parts by weight of the polymeric amine are added to 15-25 parts by weight of the silica sol, stirred and mixed; the temperature is raised to 40-60 ° C, and 15- 20 parts by weight of the polypeptide, 10-15 parts by weight of the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion, according to the actual situation, sodium dihydrogen phosphate or sodium hydrogencarbonate is used to adjust the pH to 7.5-8.0, 1800r / min stirring for 10-20min, that is, the net aldehyde agent .
  • the polypeptide and the polytetrafluoroethylene solution are added at a high temperature, and the mixture is stirred at a high speed in order to form a net aldehyde unit which is easily dispersed in the gypsum slurry, thereby ensuring a uniform effect of the net aldehyde.
  • the pH needs to be adjusted to 7.5-8.0, which will greatly improve the reaction efficiency of the polypeptide and polymer amine in the gypsum board with formaldehyde.
  • the polypeptide is one or more of an antimicrobial peptide or a casein phosphopeptide; the polymeric amine is one or more of a polyallylamine, a dendritic polyamide, and a hyperbranched polyamide.
  • the polypeptide is selected to have a biologically active antimicrobial peptide and a casein phosphopeptide, which readily reacts with formaldehyde to degrade formaldehyde.
  • the weight ratio of the antimicrobial peptide to the casein phosphopeptide is from 1:4 to 1:2; preferably, it is 1:3.
  • the weight ratio of polyallylamine, dendritic polyamide, and hyperbranched polyamide is (0.1-2): (0.2-8): (0.1-6), preferably 1:4:2.
  • the polymeric amines have large molecular weight, active properties, good thermal stability, easy reaction with formaldehyde, and the resulting products are non-toxic and stable.
  • a polymer amine such as a dendritic polyamide or a hyperbranched polyamide is selected because the terminal amino group is large, and a relatively good addition of the gypsum board can achieve a better net aldehyde effect.
  • the net aldehyde agent can also retard the gypsum at the same time, ensuring the flowability of the slurry when the gypsum board is formed, and making the gypsum board production more controllable.
  • the formaldehyde-removing gypsum board further comprises the following components, specifically modified starch 0.02-1 parts by weight; reinforcing agent 0-1 parts by weight; water reducing agent 0-2.5 parts by weight; foaming agent 0.01-1 Parts by weight; water 70-90 parts by weight.
  • the reinforcing agent, water reducing agent, modified starch, and foaming agent in the present application are all conventionally used in the art.
  • the reinforcing agent is a polymer fiber or a mineral fiber
  • the water reducing agent is a naphthalene type water reducing agent
  • the blowing agent may be sodium lauryl sulfate
  • the water may be neutral ordinary tap water or ground water.
  • Modified starch is a natural starch that undergoes proper chemical treatment and introduces certain chemical groups to change the molecular structure and physical and chemical properties to form a starch derivative. After the modified starch is gelatinized, it migrates to the interface between the facing paper and the gypsum board, so that the facing paper and the plasterboard are firmly bonded together.
  • the modified starch used in the embodiment of the invention is modified corn starch or cassava modified starch, the gelatinization temperature is 70-75 ° C, and the alkaline fluidity is 14-20 seconds.
  • the preparation method of the gypsum board for removing formaldehyde mainly comprises the following steps: preparing a predetermined weight part of the gypsum powder, the net aldehyde agent, the reinforcing agent, the water reducing agent and the modified starch, and mechanically stirring and then entering the mixer;
  • the predetermined weight part of the foaming agent is added to the water, and the mixed liquid is foamed by the foaming system and then enters the mixer; each raw material is thoroughly stirred by the mixer to obtain a uniform slurry, which is continuously poured between the two layers of facing paper, and is extruded.
  • the gypsum board wet board is formed by molding; the gypsum board wet board is solidified, cut, dried, and sawed to obtain a net aldehyde paper gypsum board.
  • the formaldehyde-removing gypsum board using the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention is obviously superior to the prior art products in terms of long-term net aldehyde and mechanical properties.
  • the formaldehyde removing gypsum board of the embodiment of the present invention comprises two layers of facing paper and a gypsum board between the two layers of facing paper; and the gypsum board comprises 2-10 weights for 100 parts by weight of the cooked gypsum powder Part of the net aldehyde agent;
  • the preparation method of the net aldehyde is as follows: 15 parts by weight of pulverized coal, 8 parts by weight of the polymeric amine are added to 15 parts by weight of the silica sol, stirred and mixed; the temperature is raised to 55 ° C, 15 parts by weight of the polypeptide, and 10 parts by weight of the poly 4 are added.
  • the vinyl fluoride emulsion was adjusted to a pH of 8.0 and stirred at 1800 r/min for 20 min to obtain a net aldehyde.
  • the polypeptide is a combination of an antimicrobial peptide and a casein phosphopeptide, the weight ratio of the antimicrobial peptide to the casein phosphopeptide is 1:4 to 1:2; preferably, 1:3;
  • the formaldehyde-removing gypsum board further comprises 0.02-1 part by weight of modified starch; 0-1 part by weight of reinforcing agent; 0-2.5 parts by weight of water reducing agent; 0.01-1 part by weight of foaming agent; 70-90 weight of water Share.
  • gypsum powder 100 parts by weight of the gypsum powder, 2-10 parts by weight of the net aldehyde agent, 0-1 parts by weight of the reinforcing agent, 0-2.5 parts by weight of the water reducing agent and 0.02-1 parts by weight of the modified starch, mechanically stirred and then entered into the mixer; 0.01-1 part by weight of the foaming agent is added to 70-90 parts by weight of water, and the mixed liquid is foamed through the foaming system and then enters the mixer; each raw material is thoroughly stirred by the mixer to obtain a uniform slurry, which is continuously poured in the Between the two layers of facing paper, a gypsum board wet board is obtained by extrusion molding; the gypsum board wet board is solidified, cut, dried, and sawed to obtain the net aldehyde paper gypsum board.
  • Table 1 lists some of the embodiment data of the present application. It should be noted that the data in Table 1 is part of the selected experimental process, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to the following data.
  • Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6
  • Example 7 Plaster powder 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Net aldehyde 2 3 4.5 5 8 6.5 10 Enhancer 0 0.3 0.6 0.7 0 0.5 1 Water reducing agent 0 2 1.5 1 1.5 0.8 2.5 Modified starch 0.02 0.1 0.5 0.6 1 0.8 0.7 Foaming agent 0.01 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.2 1 water 90 80 78 75 72 80 70
  • the antibacterial peptides and casein phosphopeptides of different weight ratios can degrade formaldehyde in a short time and reduce the concentration of formaldehyde; wherein, by weight of 4-6 antibacterial peptide and casein phosphopeptide The ratioing effect is superior, and it is most preferable that the net aldehyde effect is the best when the antimicrobial peptide of 6 and the casein phosphopeptide are 1:3.
  • the mechanical properties of the 1-7 gypsum board were measured (refer to the standard GB/T9775-2008), and the mechanical properties of the gypsum board of 1-7 reached the national standard.
  • test results of the net aldehyde effect of the formaldehyde-containing gypsum board in each of the examples are tested below.
  • the amount of formaldehyde added was 3 ⁇ L, and formaldehyde was continuously added dropwise every day, and a 9.5 mm thick gypsum board having a length and a width of 0.5 m was placed, and the formaldehyde concentration in the chamber within 1-10 d was respectively measured.
  • the specific data is shown in Table 3.
  • the data unit in Table 3 is mg/m 3 .
  • Example 1 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07
  • Example 2 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.06
  • Example 3 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02
  • Example 4 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.08
  • Example 5 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02
  • Example 6 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.06
  • Example 7 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.04
  • the formaldehyde-containing gypsum board in each embodiment can quickly absorb the formaldehyde in the degradation chamber within 1 d, and the efficiency in 24 h is as high as 90% or more; and with the continuous instillation of formaldehyde,
  • the net aldehyde effect of formaldehyde gypsum board can be maintained for a long time; the larger the weight fraction of the added net aldehyde agent, the more significant the net aldehyde effect, but the mechanical properties will be slightly decreased.
  • the average longitudinal fracture load was above 440.8 N
  • the average transverse fracture load was above 201.3 N, which showed very good mechanical properties.
  • the net aldehyde effect of the paper gypsum board except formaldehyde in Example 1 can already meet the daily indoor net aldehyde requirement.
  • the formaldehyde-removing gypsum board of the present application adds a special net aldehyde agent to the formulation, so that the gypsum board can effectively capture indoor formaldehyde, and quickly and effectively adsorb it; and then degrade the formaldehyde.
  • the formaldehyde-removing gypsum board also has excellent mechanical properties, and the long-term net aldehyde During the process, the mechanical properties are not affected.
  • the embodiment of the invention adds a special net aldehyde agent to the formula, so that the gypsum board can effectively reduce the indoor formaldehyde concentration, and the net aldehyde effect can be maintained for a long time; meanwhile, the formaldehyde-removing gypsum board has excellent mechanical properties. .

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)

Abstract

一种除甲醛的纸面石膏板及其制备方法，包括两层护面纸和两层护面纸之间的石膏板；相对于100重量份熟石膏粉，石膏板包含2-10重量份的净醛剂。该石膏板可以有效降低室内甲醛浓度，且净醛效果可以长期保持；同时该除甲醛的纸面石膏板还具有优异的力学性能。

Description

一种除甲醛的纸面石膏板及其制备方法
本申请要求在2017年12月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为201711335644.6、发明名称为“一种除甲醛的纸面石膏板及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及但不限于建筑材料领域，具体涉及一种除甲醛的纸面石膏板及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们对环保、健康的重视，对功能性石膏板需求越来越多。不管是装修材料还是家具饰品等都可能有甲醛的释放。甲醛已经成为我国装修中的主要污染物之一。甲醛对人体危害最严重，潜伏期最长，被称为“室内污染第一杀手”；甲醛是导致新生儿畸形、儿童白血病、青少年记忆力和智力下降的主要原因，被WHO(世界卫生组织)确定为“致癌和致畸性物质”。长期接触低剂量甲醛，能引起慢性中毒，引发呼吸系统、神经系统、生殖系统等疾病。因此甲醛对人类的危害是不容忽视的。由于甲醛释放周期是3-15年，所以除甲醛的石膏板需要达到长期有效去除甲醛的效果。
现有的除甲醛的石膏板中，有的依靠吸附物质，但是物理吸附对于甲醛的吸附并不稳定，不存在明显的针对性，室内空气中很多组分都会和甲醛产生竞争吸附作用，存在吸附饱和的问题。吸附不牢固使得甲醛还可能被释放出来，效果难以保证。而在石膏板中通过添加光触媒降解甲醛，对外界条件要求较多，如需要紫外光照射激发催化活性，同时对室内湿度也有要求；因此，在实际应用中，净醛效果也难以保证。
因此，需要有一种除甲醛的石膏板可以长期、有效地对室内甲醛进行消除，同时，石膏板本身的力学性能不受到影响。
发明内容
本申请旨在提供一种除甲醛的纸面石膏板，通过在配方中添加特制的净醛剂，使得该石膏板可以有效降低室内甲醛浓度，且净醛效果可以长期保持；同时，该除甲醛的纸面石膏板还具有优异的力学性能。
本申请所提供的除甲醛的纸面石膏板，包括两层护面纸和所述两层护面纸之间的石膏板； 对于100重量份熟石膏粉，所述石膏板包含2-10重量份的净醛剂；
所述净醛剂的制备方法如下：将10-20重量份煤粉、5-10重量份高分子胺类加入到15-25重量份硅溶胶中，搅拌混合；升温至40-60℃，加入15-20重量份多肽、10-15重量份聚四氟乙烯乳液，调节pH值至7.5-8.0，1800r/min搅拌10-20min，即得所述净醛剂。
其中，所述多肽为抗菌肽或酪蛋白磷酸肽的一种或多种；所述高分子胺类为聚烯丙基胺、树枝状聚酰胺、超支化聚酰胺的一种或多种。
其中，所述多肽为抗菌肽和酪蛋白磷酸肽的组合物，所述抗菌肽和所述酪蛋白磷酸肽的重量比为1:4～1:2。
其中，所述抗菌肽和所述酪蛋白磷酸肽的重量比为1:3。
其中，对于100重量份熟石膏粉，所述石膏板还包括以下组分：
Figure PCTCN2018086494-appb-000001
其中，包括以下组分，所述各组分的含量为：
Figure PCTCN2018086494-appb-000002
其中，包括以下组分，所述各组分的含量为：
Figure PCTCN2018086494-appb-000003
根据本申请的另外一个方面提供的一种除甲醛的纸面石膏板的制备方法，包括以下步骤： 将预定重量份的熟石膏粉、净醛剂、增强剂、减水剂以及改性淀粉，机械搅拌后进入搅拌机；将预定重量份的发泡剂加入到水中，混合液通过发泡系统发泡后进入搅拌机；各原料经所述搅拌机充分搅拌制得均匀浆料，连续浇注在所述两层护面纸之间，经挤压成型制得石膏板湿板；所述石膏板湿板经凝固、切断、干燥、锯边后制得所述净醛纸面石膏板。
本发明实施例的除甲醛的纸面石膏板包括两层护面纸和所述两层护面纸之间的石膏板；对于100重量份熟石膏粉，所述石膏板包含2-10重量份的净醛剂；
净醛剂的制备方法如下：将10-20重量份煤粉、5-10重量份高分子胺类加入到15-25重量份硅溶胶中，搅拌混合；升温至40-60℃，加入15-20重量份多肽、10-15重量份聚四氟乙烯乳液，根据实际情况，选用磷酸二氢钠或碳酸氢钠调节pH值至7.5-8.0，1800r/min搅拌10-20min，即得净醛剂。
在除甲醛的纸面石膏板中，可以与甲醛反应的物质在直接应用于石膏浆料或石膏粉中时，往往净醛效果会大大降低；本申请通过将煤粉、高分子胺类与硅溶胶搅拌混合，可以使高分子胺类比较牢固的固定在煤粉、硅溶胶形成的吸附单元。升温加入多肽以及聚四氟乙烯溶液，高速搅拌，是为了形成容易分散于石膏浆料的净醛单元，保证净醛效果均匀。需要指出的是，pH值需要调节至7.5-8.0，会大大提高多肽、高分子胺类在石膏板中与甲醛的反应效率。
多肽为抗菌肽或酪蛋白磷酸肽的一种或多种；高分子胺类为聚烯丙基胺、树枝状聚酰胺、超支化聚酰胺的一种或多种。
多肽选择具有生物活性高的抗菌肽和酪蛋白磷酸肽，易与甲醛发生反应，从而降解甲醛。抗菌肽和酪蛋白磷酸肽的重量比为1:4～1:2；优选的，为1:3。
聚烯丙基胺、树枝状聚酰胺、超支化聚酰胺的重量比为(0.1-2)：(0.2-8)：(0.1-6)，优选的为1：4：2。高分子胺类分子量大、性质活泼，同时具有良好的热稳定性，易与甲醛反应，同时生成的产物无毒、稳定。本发明实施例选择树枝状聚酰胺、超支化聚酰胺等高分子胺类是由于其端氨基多，在石膏板中添加量比较少的情况下就可以达到比较好的净醛效果。该净醛剂同时可以对石膏起到缓凝作用，保证了石膏板成型时料浆流动性能，使石膏板生产可控性更好。
此外，该除甲醛的纸面石膏板还包括以下组分，具体的改性淀粉0.02-1重量份；增强剂0-1重量份；减水剂0-2.5重量份；发泡剂0.01-1重量份；水70-90重量份。本申请中的增强剂、减水剂、改性淀粉、发泡剂均为本领域常规所使用。例如，增强剂为聚合物纤维或矿物纤维；减水剂为萘系减水剂，发泡剂可以为十二烷基硫酸钠；水可以为中性普通自来水或地下水。
改性淀粉是天然淀粉经过适当化学处理，引入某些化学基团使分子结构及理化性质发生变化，生成淀粉衍生物。改性淀粉糊化后迁移至护面纸与石膏板界面，使护面纸与石膏板牢 牢地粘结在一起。本发明实施例采用的改性淀粉为改性玉米淀粉或木薯改性淀粉，糊化温度70-75℃，碱性流动度14-20秒。
本发明实施例除甲醛的纸面石膏板的制备方法，主要包括以下步骤：将预定重量份的熟石膏粉、净醛剂、增强剂、减水剂以及改性淀粉，机械搅拌后进入搅拌机；将预定重量份的发泡剂加入到水中，混合液通过发泡系统发泡后进入搅拌机；各原料经搅拌机充分搅拌制得均匀浆料，连续浇注在两层护面纸之间，经挤压成型制得石膏板湿板；石膏板湿板经凝固、切断、干燥、锯边后制得净醛纸面石膏板。
采用本发明实施例技术方案的除甲醛的纸面石膏板，在长期净醛、力学性能方面明显优于现有技术产品。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请的实施例，对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
本发明实施例的除甲醛的纸面石膏板，包括两层护面纸和所述两层护面纸之间的石膏板；对于100重量份熟石膏粉，所述石膏板包含2-10重量份的净醛剂；
净醛剂的制备方法如下：将15重量份煤粉、8重量份高分子胺类加入到15重量份硅溶胶中，搅拌混合；升温至55℃，加入15重量份多肽、10重量份聚四氟乙烯乳液，调节pH值至8.0，1800r/min搅拌20min，即得净醛剂。
多肽为抗菌肽和酪蛋白磷酸肽的组合物，抗菌肽和酪蛋白磷酸肽的重量比为1:4～1:2；优选的，为1:3；
该除甲醛的纸面石膏板还包括改性淀粉0.02-1重量份；增强剂0-1重量份；减水剂0-2.5重量份；发泡剂0.01-1重量份；水70-90重量份。
下面列出除甲醛的纸面石膏板各组分及其含量的具体实施例。
实施例
将100重量份的熟石膏粉、2-10重量份净醛剂、0-1重量份增强剂、0-2.5重量份减水剂以及0.02-1重量份改性淀粉，机械搅拌后进入搅拌机；0.01-1重量份的发泡剂加入到70-90重量份的水中，混合液通过发泡系统发泡后进入搅拌机；各原料经所述搅拌机充分搅拌制得均匀 浆料，连续浇注在所述两层护面纸之间，经挤压成型制得石膏板湿板；所述石膏板湿板经凝固、切断、干燥、锯边后制得所述净醛纸面石膏板。
表1列出了本申请的部分实施例数据。需要指出的是，表1数据为挑选出的实验过程中的部分数据，本申请的实施例并不局限于以下数据。
表1 除甲醛的纸面石膏板配方实施例
  实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6 实施例7
熟石膏粉 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
净醛剂 2 3 4.5 5 8 6.5 10
增强剂 0 0.3 0.6 0.7 0 0.5 1
减水剂 0 2 1.5 1 1.5 0.8 2.5
改性淀粉 0.02 0.1 0.5 0.6 1 0.8 0.7
发泡剂 0.01 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.2 1
水 90 80 78 75 72 80 70
测试例
测试例1
对多肽的具体组分以及重量比做了实验筛选。在1m 3封闭腔室中预先滴入甲醛，测得初始甲醛浓度为2mg/m 3，分别放入长宽均为0.5m的9.5mm厚石膏板，分别检测随着时间变化，腔室内甲醛浓度的变化。具体的多肽中抗菌肽与酪蛋白磷酸肽的重量份如表2所示。
表2 多肽的具体组分重量份列表
Figure PCTCN2018086494-appb-000004
通过表2测试可以看出不同重量份配比的抗菌肽和酪蛋白磷酸肽均可以在短时间降解甲 醛，降低甲醛的浓度；其中，以4-6中抗菌肽和酪蛋白磷酸肽的重量份配比效果较优，最优选为6中抗菌肽与酪蛋白磷酸肽为1:3时，净醛效果最好。同时测得了1-7石膏板的力学性能(参照标准GB/T9775-2008)，1-7的石膏板的力学性能均达到国家标准。
测试例2
下边就各实施例中的除甲醛的纸面石膏板的净醛效果做测试分析。在1m 3腔室中，甲醛加入量为3μL，每天持续滴入甲醛，放入长宽均为0.5m的9.5mm厚石膏板，分别检测1-10d内的腔室内甲醛浓度。具体数据如表3所示。表3中数据单位为mg/m 3。
表3 各实施例石膏板的净醛效果
  1d 2d 3d 4d 6d 8d 10d
空白仓 0.59 0.56 0.59 0.57 0.53 0.55 0.58
实施例1 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07
实施例2 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.06
实施例3 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02
实施例4 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.08
实施例5 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02
实施例6 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.06
实施例7 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.04
由表3数据可以看到，各实施例中的除甲醛的纸面石膏板在1d内即可迅速吸收降解室内的甲醛，24h有效率高达90％以上；并且随着甲醛的持续滴入，除甲醛的纸面石膏板净醛效果可以长期保持；添加的净醛剂的重量份越大，其净醛效果越显著，但是力学性能会稍有下降。实施例3-6中，纵向断裂荷载平均值在440.8N之上，横向断裂荷载平均值在201.3N以上，体现出非常优异的力学性能。实施例1中除甲醛的纸面石膏板的净醛效果已经可以满足日常室内净醛需要。
综上，本申请所涉及的除甲醛的纸面石膏板通过在配方中添加特制的净醛剂，使得该石膏板可以有效捕捉室内甲醛，对其进行快速、有效吸附；然后对甲醛进行降解，从而有效地降低室内甲醛浓度；且净醛效果可以长期保持，持续有效降解时间长达30-40年；同时，该除甲醛的纸面石膏板也具有优异的力学性能，且在长期的净醛过程中，力学性能不受影响。
最后应说明的是：在本文中，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排 他性的包含，从而使得包含一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个…”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制。尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
工业实用性
本发明实施例通过在配方中添加特制的净醛剂，使得该石膏板可以有效降低室内甲醛浓度，且净醛效果可以长期保持；同时，该除甲醛的纸面石膏板还具有优异的力学性能。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种除甲醛的纸面石膏板，其包括两层护面纸和所述两层护面纸之间的石膏板；对于100重量份熟石膏粉，所述石膏板包含2-10重量份的净醛剂；
    所述净醛剂的制备方法如下：将10-20重量份煤粉、5-10重量份高分子胺类加入到15-25重量份硅溶胶中，搅拌混合；升温至40-60℃，加入15-20重量份多肽、10-15重量份聚四氟乙烯乳液，调节pH值至7.5-8.0，1800r/min搅拌10-20min，即得所述净醛剂。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的除甲醛的纸面石膏板，其中，所述多肽为抗菌肽或酪蛋白磷酸肽的一种或多种；所述高分子胺类为聚烯丙基胺、树枝状聚酰胺、超支化聚酰胺的一种或多种。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的除甲醛的纸面石膏板，其中，所述多肽为抗菌肽和酪蛋白磷酸肽的组合物，所述抗菌肽和所述酪蛋白磷酸肽的重量比为1:4～1:2。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的除甲醛的纸面石膏板，其中，所述抗菌肽和所述酪蛋白磷酸肽的重量比为1:3。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的除甲醛的纸面石膏板，其中，对于100重量份熟石膏粉，所述石膏板还包括以下组分：
    Figure PCTCN2018086494-appb-100001
  6. 如权利要求5所述的除甲醛的纸面石膏板，其中，包括以下组分，所述各组分的含量为：
    Figure PCTCN2018086494-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2018086494-appb-100003
  7. 如权利要求5所述的除甲醛的纸面石膏板，其中，包括以下组分，所述各组分的含量为：
    Figure PCTCN2018086494-appb-100004
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的除甲醛的纸面石膏板的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
    将预定重量份的熟石膏粉、净醛剂、增强剂、减水剂以及改性淀粉，机械搅拌后进入搅拌机；将预定重量份的发泡剂加入到水中，混合液通过发泡系统发泡后进入搅拌机；各原料经所述搅拌机充分搅拌制得均匀浆料，连续浇注在所述两层护面纸之间，经挤压成型制得石膏板湿板；所述石膏板湿板经凝固、切断、干燥、锯边后制得所述净醛纸面石膏板。
PCT/CN2018/086494 2017-12-14 2018-05-11 一种除甲醛的纸面石膏板及其制备方法 WO2019114187A1 (zh)

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