WO2019108092A1

WO2019108092A1 - Wooden wall structure

Info

Publication number: WO2019108092A1
Application number: PCT/RU2018/000746
Authority: WO
Inventors: Георг ГАНАУС; Артем Владимирович СТЕПАНИЩЕВ; Дмитрий Борисович ЛАЗАРЕВ; Александр Васильевич ЕЛЬЧУГИН
Original assignee: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ВСС"
Priority date: 2017-11-29
Filing date: 2018-11-14
Publication date: 2019-06-06
Also published as: RU2663854C1

Abstract

Profiled posts are made of glued bi-laminated timber, the glued seams of which lie parallel to the visible surfaces of the walls, said posts being additionally profiled by compensating grooves that cut into the portions of the glued seams which face the edges of the posts to a depth not less than the depth of coupling grooves for inserts. The posts are fastened to foundation framework elements and to wall plate elements with an interval in excess of the overall width of the posts by an amount sufficient to compensate for the greatest possible moisture-related expansion of the profiled posts in the course of a yearly cycle; the outer laminae of the glued profiled posts, and also batten inserts and profiled inserts are made of backsawn pine wood; the profiled inserts are provided at their edges with additional compensating grooves having a depth not greater than the width of the end protuberances of said inserts for coupling with the grooves of the posts; beveled edges are provided on the ribs of the batten inserts, of the profiled inserts, and of the grooves in the profiled posts for coupling with the inserts. The technical result is an increase in functional reliability in various operating contexts, and a reduction in energy consumption.

Description

WALL WOODEN CONSTRUCTION

Technical field

The alleged invention relates to the field of building structures of wood walls.

The level of technology

The famous wooden wall structure [1] (Austrian patent AT 409151, including FIG. 4) consists of three layers of elements containing spaced protrusions with grooves and protrusions arranged vertically forming solid front layers of the wall structure along the length of the wall; vertically arranged profiled racks forming the inner layer of the wall structure cohesive along the length of the wall in dense smooth joints; however, the racks of the front layers and the racks of the inner layer are arranged with additional mushroom-like protrusions associated with similar protrusions of the racks of the adjacent layer. Racks of several layers form a solid wooden prefab wall structure.

The famous wooden wall construction [2] (European patent EP 1 264 051, including Fig. 4) consists of several layers of elements, containing vertical columns with vertical slots and protrusions arranged along the length of the wall with solid grooved joints along the wall constructions; Vertically arranged profiled racks with compensation grooves that form an inner layer of the wall structure that is cohesive along the length of the wall with dense smooth joints; however, the racks of the front layers and the racks of the inner layer are arranged with additional mushroom-like protrusions associated with similar protrusions of the racks of the adjacent layer. Racks of several layers form a solid wooden prefab wall structure, in which closed air gaps are arranged in the form of longitudinal compensation grooves in the layer of internal racks. The famous wooden wall construction [3] (Austrian patent AT 513844 B1). The structure contains horizontally placed in two layers the elements of the strapping of the foundation and the elements of the power plate; profiled racks arranged vertically in several layers, differing in shape between the front and the inside; partly located in the grooves of the uprights, and partly in the intervals between the uprights, profiled inserts with three extended sections in width; prismatic inserts located in the intervals between the posts, connected to the elements of the foundation binding and power plates. At the same time, the elements of the layer of front pillars are connected without gaps by smooth surfaces and form a continuous front layer of vertically arranged elements of solid wood.

The famous wooden wall construction [4] (patent RU 44697 III). The wooden wall construction contains the lower and upper belts interconnected by vertical angular, intermediate and butt struts, all the components of the frame are made of glued wooden parts of a spatially spiked structure of various sizes across the section and length, treated with flame retardants and rigidly interconnected with using additional steel plates and fasteners.

The famous wooden wall construction [5] (Austrian patent AT 514424 B1), adopted as the closest analogue (prototype). The wooden wall construction contains horizontally located elements of the lower binding of the foundation; horizontal elements of the mauerlat, vertically arranged and fixed to the foundation strapping and to the mauerlat are profiled racks with longitudinal grooves, liners-strips and profiled liners partially located in the longitudinal grooves of racks, with closed air gaps separated along the wall middle sections of profiled liners. The design provides for an additional decorative layer of profiled parts on the crate fixed horizontally on the uprights of the second layer, and an extra layer of diagonal connections fixed on the uprights of the first layer. This implies the presence of a decorative layer that hides the diagonal connection. Wherein profiled racks and inserts are made of solid wood; the type of sawing wood is not defined, and the posts are fixed to the binding of the foundation and to the mauerlat with a step exceeding the width of the uprights; The racks of both layers, connected through liners-strips and through profiled liners, together with liners, form a solid structure without gaps along the length of the wall.

Known designs have such disadvantages as low operational reliability due to the dense interfacing of the elements along the wall in each separate layer, which, during the operational swelling of the racks from increasing the moisture content of the wood, leads to deformations S-shaped in terms of the wall and to extruding the elements from the front flooring the outdoor surface of the wall in the cold season, as well as the relatively low resistance to heat transfer and increased energy consumption during operation due to the continuous assembly of wooden console panties.

The purpose of the proposed invention is to improve operational reliability in various operating modes by eliminating the risk of deformation of the structure as a whole and reducing energy consumption by eliminating the risk of convection through the wall structure, the installation of an additional inner layer of racks and the installation of additional air gaps inside the glued racks that cut the glue seams.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the wall construction the well-known essential features of the prototype are used, namely: that the construction contains elements of the foundation binding and the power plate elements arranged horizontally; profiled racks with longitudinal grooves, arranged vertically in two layers and secured to the binding of the foundation and to the power plate; liners-slats, freely located in the grooves of adjacent elements of each layer of racks; profiled inserts with protrusions freely located in the grooves of the two layers of racks so that between the layers of racks closed air gaps are formed, divided along the length of the wall by the middle sections of the profiled liners and the new essential features, which are:

- profiled racks are made of glued, at least two-laminated timber, glue seams of which are parallel to the visible the surfaces of the walls and are additionally profiled with compensation grooves, cutting sections of adhesive joints facing the edges of the posts to a depth of not less than the depth of the grooves for mating with liners;

- in profiled racks, the depth of the grooves for liners-slats is assumed to be at least 0.5 of the width of the liners - slats; and the depth of the grooves for profiled liners adopted at least 0.5 of the thickness of the profiled liners;

- profiled racks fixed to the elements of the foundation binding and to the mauerlat elements with a step exceeding the overall width of the racks by an amount sufficient to compensate for the largest for the annual cycle of operation the humidity expansions of the profiled racks;

- front lamellas of glued profiled racks, liners-strips and profiled liners are made of softwood tangential sawn wood;

- additional compensation grooves with a depth of at least the width of the extreme projections associated with the grooves of the uprights are made in the profiled liners on the edges;

- edges of liners-slats, profiled liners and grooves in the racks for mating with liners are made with chamfers.

And also the fact that:

- in the corner joints of walls of arbitrary length at least one profiled stand of each wall is made of a reduced width; an additional inner hidden layer of profiled struts is arranged in the wall, coupled with visible profiled struts through profiled liners with three extended sections;

- in the glued profiled racks additional internal air gaps were made, cutting the glue seams at least in the middle part along the width of the rack profile. List of drawings

The essence of the proposed invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in fig. 1 shows a vertical section of a single-storey two-layer wall of two-pillar racks;

in fig. 2 is a view along arrow A in FIG. 1 - a fragment of a two-layer wall, view from inside the room;

in fig. 3 shows a horizontal section BB in FIG. 1 - a fragment of a two-layer wall of double-glue glued profiled racks;

in fig. 4 shows a cross section of a glued profiled rack of two lamellas;

in fig. 5 shows the cross-section of the liner;

in fig. 6 shows the cross-section of the profiled liner;

in fig. 7 shows the design of a glued rack of three lamellas for a two-layer wall;

in fig. 8 shows the design of a glued rack of four lamels for a two-layer wall;

in fig. 9 depicts the performance of a glued rack of five lamellae for a two-layer wall;

in fig. 10 shows an example of cutting logs into blanks for parts of a wall structure;

in fig. 11 shows examples of changing the shape of the details of the wall structure when shrinking from the initial state after profiling.

in fig. 12 depicts examples of changing the shape of the details of the wall structure when it is swollen from the initial state after profiling;

in fig. 13 shows the graphs of the equilibrium moisture content of wood in outdoor conditions and in the apartment (inside the house);

in fig. 14 shows a plan of two-layer walls of double-bladed racks in a building with a ledge;

in fig. 15 depicts a plan for tying the foundation;

in fig. 16a, 166, 16b, 16g shows fragment 1 in FIG. 14 - wall 1 and wall mounting sequence; in fig. 17 shows fragment 2 in figure 14 —the outer corner of the building, and the sequence of the mounting angle;

in fig. 18 shows a horizontal section of a fragment of a two-layer wall of trussing posts;

in fig. 19 shows a horizontal section of a fragment of a two-layer wall of four-post struts;

in fig. 20 shows a horizontal section of a fragment of a two-layer wall of five-flame posts;

in fig. 21 shows a vertical section of a three-layer wall of two-bar racks;

in fig. 22 shows a section B-B in FIG. 21 - a horizontal section of a fragment of a three-layer wall of two-pillars;

in fig. 23 shows the profile of an internal glued rack of two lamellae for a three-layer wall;

in fig. 24 shows a vertical section of a three-layer wall with three-glued glued racks;

in fig. 25 shows the section GGD of FIG. 24 - a horizontal section of a fragment of a three-layer wall with three-glued glued pillars;

in fig. 26 shows the profile of an internal glued rack of three lamellas for a three-layer wall;

in fig. 27 shows a vertical section of a three-layer wall with four-frame glued pillars;

in fig. 28 shows the cross section dd in fig. 27 - a horizontal section of a fragment of a three-layer wall with four-glued glued stands;

in fig. 29 depicts the profile of the internal glued rack of four lamellae for a three-layer wall;

in fig. 30, 31, 32, 33 shows profiles of glued racks with the number of lamellas from two to five for the outdoor and indoor layers of the racks in a two-layer wall structure;

in fig. 34, 35, 36, 37 depict horizontal sections of fragments of two-layer walls of glued racks of various thickness with the number of lamellae from two to five with internal air gaps; in fig. 38, 39, 40 shows profiles of glued racks with the number of lamellas from two to four for the inner layer of the wall structure of three-layer walls;

in fig. 41, 42, 43 depict horizontal sections of fragments of three-layer walls of glued racks of various thickness with the number of lamellae from two to four with internal air gaps.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

Wall wooden construction contains:

horizontally located elements of the lower trim of the foundation, namely: element 1 (see Fig. 1), mounted on the foundation 2, and element 3, mounted on element 1;

the elements of the inner layer of the profiled posts 4 arranged vertically, the lower ends of which are connected to the elements of the strapping 3, for example: inclined screws 5 (see Fig. 2),

Mauerlat 6 elements horizontally above the inner layer of profiled struts, rigidly connected to the upper ends of the inner layer of profiled struts 4, for example: inclined screws 7;

Vertically arranged elements of the outer layer of profiled struts 8 (see Fig. 1), the lower ends of which are rigidly connected to element 3, for example: a screw 9, and the upper ends are rigidly connected to the element of a power plate 6, for example: a screw 10;

liners-strips 1 1 (see Fig. 3), freely located in the grooves of the profiled racks 4 of the inner layer of the wall;

inserts-strips 12, freely located in the grooves of the profiled racks 8 of the outer layer of the wall;

profiled inserts 13, partially located in the slots of the profiled struts 4 of the inner layer and in the slots of the profiled struts 8 of the outer layer of the wall;

located horizontally above the two layers of the profiled struts are elements of the Mauerlat 14 (see Fig. 1), rigidly connected with the elements of the Mauerlat 6 and the upper ends of the outer profiled racks of 8. Profiled racks 4 and 8 are mirrored relative to the axis of the wall 15. Profiled racks 4 and 8 are made of glued laminated timber with the number of lamellae at least two, the number of glue seams at least one. Glue stitches in the racks are arranged parallel to the visible surfaces of the walls. Before profiling, the front lamellae in the workpiece are glued so that the layer from the center of the log, from which the workpiece is cut, is turned outwards.

In profiled racks 4; 8, grooves 16 (see FIG. 4) are made to mate with liners 11 and 12, grooves 17 and ledges 18 to mate with profiled liners 13, additional compensation grooves 19, cutting glue lines facing edges of racks chamfers are made chamfers.

The depth of the grooves 16 (size A2), adopted at least 0.5 of the width of the liners of the strips 11; 12 (size A1). The depth of the grooves 17 (A4 size) is adopted at least 0.5 of the thickness of the profiled liner 13 (AZ size). The depth of the ledge 18 (size A6) is taken not less than 0.5 of the thickness of the mating with the ledge 18 of the area on the shaped insert 13 (size A5). The depth of the compensation grooves 19 (size A7) is not less than the depth of the slots 16, 17 for interfacing with the liners 11, 12.

The profiled stands 4, 8 are fixed to the elements of the base of the foundation 3 and to the elements of the mauerlat 6 with a pitch exceeding the overall width of the racks - size A8 (see Fig. 3), by the size of the gap A9, sufficient to compensate for the moisture expansion of the profiled racks Ensuring the constancy of a given pitch of the racks in the outer layer exceeding the nominal width of the racks can be performed in a known manner, for example: by pre-drilling in industrial conditions of holes in the trim elements of foundation 3 and in the cores 6, as well as by drilling preliminary holes for screws 9, 10 in racks 8. Between the layers of racks air gaps are formed by the size of the gap A 10, equal to the width of the middle protrusion on the profiled liners 13.

Front lamellas of glued profiled struts 4; 8 are made of softwood tangential cutting. Planing lamella blanks, Gluing the lamellas to the stand blank and the profiling of the posts must be done at a nominal wood moisture content of 12%.

Inserts-strips 11; 12 are chamfered on the ribs 20 (see FIG. 5), 21, 22, 23, while one of the edges is made with a recess 24 forming, together with the chamfers, two triangular protrusions 25 and 26. Inserts-slats 11; 12 are made of softwood tangential sawing. Planing profiled liners should be performed at a nominal wood moisture content of 12%.

Profiled liners 13 are made with protrusions 27 (see Fig. 6), 28, 29, 30, 31, 32. In the wall profiled liners 13 are freely located in the slots of two layers of profiled struts 4, 8. In this case, the projections 27, 28, associated with grooves profiled racks 4, forming the inner layer of the wall; the protrusions 29, 30 are associated with the slots of the profiled columns 8 forming the outer layer of the wall; the protrusions 31, 32 divide the air gap between the layers of the wall into closed areas. In the profiled liners, additional compensation grooves 33, 34 are made on the edges, and chamfers on the edges of the longitudinal projections. The depth of the named grooves - size A11 - is adopted no more than the width of the projections 27, 28, 29, 30 - of the size A12. Profiled liners 13 are made of coniferous wood tangential cutting. Planing profiled liners should be performed at a nominal wood moisture content of 12%.

The technical solution of the wall construction provides for the execution of glued profiled racks with the number of lamellae more than two.

A profiled three lamella stand is shown in FIG. 7. The front slats 35 and 36 are made of tangential sawn wood, and the internal slat 37 is made of radial or mixed sawn wood. In the front lamella grooves 16 are provided for mating with liners-slats 11 and 12, grooves 17 and ledges 18 for mating with profiled liners 13, compensation grooves 19, cutting the sections facing the edges of the pillars glue stitches. The depth of the grooves in the profiled rack of three lamellae are taken similarly to the ratios of sizes in two-blade profiled racks.

The profiled four lamella stand is shown in FIG. 8. The front slats 38 and 39 are made of tangential sawn wood, and the internal slats 40, 41 are made of radial or mixed sawn wood. The front lamellas have grooves 16 for mating with liners 11 and 12, grooves 17 and ledges 18 for mating with profiled liners 13, compensating grooves 19, cutting glue lines facing the edges of the posts. The depth of the grooves in the profiled rack of four lamellae are taken similarly to the ratios of sizes in two-blade profiled racks.

The profiled five lamella stand is shown in FIG. 9. The front slats 42 and 43 are made of tangential sawn wood, and the internal slats 44, 45, 46 are made of radial or mixed sawn wood. The front lamellas have grooves 16 for mating with liners 11 and 12, grooves 17 and ledges 18 for mating with profiled liners 13, compensating grooves 19, cutting glue lines facing the edges of the posts. The depth of the grooves in the profiled rack of five lamellae are taken similarly to the ratios of sizes in two-bladed profiled racks.

From the theory of wood science it is known about changes in the sizes of wooden parts with varying moisture content of the wood parts. The size of the size changes depends on the type of wood, the direction of measurement and the nature of the change in humidity, that is, drying out or swelling. Data on the coefficients of shrinkage and swelling of tree species are given in various publications, for example: in the publication [6], Ugolev B.N. Wood Science and Forestry, 2nd ed. sr., M, ed. Center "Academy", 2006; p.64, table 3.1. (fragment). The values of the coefficients for species of spruce and Scots pine are given in the table.

Table. The coefficients of shrinkage and swelling of wood,% /% moisture.

In coniferous woods, humidity changes in size in the tangential direction ~ 1.75 times greater than changes in size in the radial direction. Humid size changes along wood fibers are insignificant in size and are not taken into account. The difference in the properties of shrinkage and swelling in different directions of measurement leads to deformations of parts from internal stresses with changes in the moisture content of wood from the level during profiling to the level during operation. The magnitude of the deformations depends on the cut, that is, on the place of harvesting in the original log, the type of wood and the magnitude of changes in humidity. The direction of the deformations depends on the sign of the change in humidity, that is, desiccation or swelling.

An example of cutting logs into blanks for parts of a wall structure is shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 10 denotes the contours of the blanks and the superimposed contours of the profiles of the parts, namely: 47 - the contour of the log; 48 - contours of sawn blanks for facial lamellas; 49 - contours of planed blanks for face lamellas with nominal normalized humidity of 12% before gluing; 50 - contours of front lamellas as a part of glued profiled racks with nominal normalized humidity of 12%; 51 — contours of sawn billet for insert liners; 52 - contours of a planed surface of liners-slats of nominal normalized humidity of 12%; 53 - contour sawn billet for profiled liner; 54 - contour of the planed surface of the profiled liner nominal normalized humidity of 12%; 55 - contour sawn billet for internal lamellas of multi-beamed versions of profiled racks; 56 - contour of the planed blank of nominal normalized humidity of 12% for the inner lamella of the multiravel execution of the profiled stand in front gluing; 57 - contour of the internal lamella in the composition of the glued profiled rack nominal normalized humidity of 12%.

Due to the anisotropy property of wood, the shape of the parts will vary when used in conditions different from the state during profiling.

Examples of changing the shape of parts during shrinkage are depicted in FIG. 11. Details of tangential cutting - front lamellas of profiled struts, liners-strips, profiled liners are deformed in an arc. The profile of the details of the radial cut acquires a spindle shape. FIG. 11 denotes the deformed contours of the parts of the wall structure with a reduced humidity in comparison with the level at the time of the profiling, namely: 58 and 59 - deformations of the contour of the front lamellae; 60 - deformation of the contour of the inner lamella of the radial cut; 61, 62, 63 - deformations of the contour of the liners-slats; 64 - deformations of the contour of the profiled liners. The directions of tangential deformations are shown by arrows.

Examples of changing the shape of parts during swelling are shown in FIG. 12. Details of tangential cutting - front lamellas of profiled struts, liners-strips, profiled liners are deformed in an arc, while the direction of bending when swelled is opposite to the direction of bending when drying. FIG. 12 denotes the deformed contours of the parts of the wall structure with increased humidity compared to the level at the time of profiling, namely: 64 and 65 - deformations of the contour of the front lamellae in the composition of the profiled struts; 66 - deformation of the contour of the inner lamella of the radial cut as part of profiled struts; 67, 68 — deformations of the contour of insert liners; 69 - deformation contour profiled liners. Directions of deformations are shown by arrows.

From open sources known statistical data on the weather and the equilibrium moisture content of wood in the street and in heated apartments (inside houses). In graphic form, they are reflected in FIG. 13, where the abscissa is the month of the year, and the ordinate is the average equilibrium moisture content of wood. From the graph it follows that in the cold period of the year, the equilibrium moisture content of wood in the street is higher, above 12%; and in the apartment (inside the house) - reduced, below 8%. Numerous surveys of wooden houses, conducted by the authors, confirm known statistics.

According to domestic regulations, glued and planed wood has a nominal moisture when planed at 12%. About seven months a year, the equilibrium moisture content of street storage exceeds the nominal level of 12%, that is, most of the year when installing wooden structures, there are risks of swelling of parts and associated deformations of profiles. On the outside surfaces of the walls of heated wooden buildings for most of the year, the moisture content of the wood exceeds the nominal level of 12%, which leads to swelling and deformation of a part of the elements of wooden structures. During these same periods, the moisture content of the wood on the internal surface of the walls is low, which leads to shrinkage and deformations that are opposite in direction to part of the elements of wooden structures. The combination of features of the proposed invention provides the elimination of installation and operational risks associated with moisture changes in structural elements.

According to the proposed technical solution, various designs can be made in length and shape in terms of wall wooden structures.

An example of the execution of a wall wooden structure along a closed contour with five outer corners and one inner corner is depicted as a plan in FIG. 14. The wall construction in FIG. 14 is arranged in a double-layered of vertically installed profiled two-glue glued racks 4, 8, separated by liners-slats 11, 12 and profiled liners 13. To ensure the possibility of making walls of arbitrary length in the corner joints of walls, at least one profiled rack of each wall is made of reduced width, for example: as with parts 70 (see Fig. 14). For filling narrow gaps in the outer corners instead of the racks reduced in width, plank liners 71 should be used. The density of the joints of racks of reduced width 70 (see Fig. 14) with adjacent racks is ensured by using fasteners of known structures, for example - screws not shown on drawings. In the corner joints of the uprights, in places with abutments of grooves for inserts to the sheet surfaces of adjacent uprights, called grooves are embedded with self-expanding sealing tapes 72. According to the proposed technical solution, various designs of wall structures with increased heat transfer resistance can be arranged, provided by increasing the number of lamellae in profiled racks, for example: up to three; up to four; up to five slats.

Examples of the execution of two-layer wall wooden structures of the posts with an increased number of lamellas up to 3, 4 and 5, differing in thickness and resistance to heat transfer, are shown in FIG. 18-20, where fragments of horizontal sections of the wall construction are shown. The dimensions of the inserts-strips 11, 12, the dimensions of the profiled inserts 13, the dimensions of the profiled struts in width and the dimensions of the grooves in the profiled struts, the joints of the struts with the foundation straps and with the power plates are unified with the design in double-bladed design of the racks. Profiled racks of three lamellae are indicated by pos. 73, 74 (see FIG. 18). Profiled racks of four slats are denoted by pos. 75, 76 (see Fig. 19). Profiled racks of five slats are denoted by pos. 77, 78 (see FIG. 20).

The profiled stands are fastened to the elements of the foundation strapping and to the power plate 6 elements with a step exceeding the overall width of the struts - size A8 (see Fig. 18-20) - by the size of the gap A9, sufficient to compensate for the largest for the annual cycle of operation of humidity expansions along the width of the profiled racks Ensuring the constancy of a given pitch of the racks in the outer layer exceeding the nominal width of the racks can be performed in a known manner, for example: by pre-drilling in industrial conditions of holes in the trim elements of foundation 3 and in the cores 6, as well as by drilling preliminary holes for screws 9, 10 in racks of the outer layer 74, 76, 78. Between the layers of the racks air gaps are formed by the size of the gap A 10 equal to the width of the middle protrusion on the profiled liners 13.

The construction of wall wooden constructions with increased heat transfer resistance and increased energy efficiency is accomplished by introducing into the structure an additional layer of profiled racks inside the wall, fixed to the basement and power plate binding, and paired with visible profiled street and room pillars through profiled inserts with three expanded plots. The design of a three-layer wall structure with double-glue glued racks is shown in FIG. 21 -23. The wall structure consists of horizontally mounted elements of the strapping of the foundation 79, 80 (see Fig. 21) and elements of the power plate 81, 82; an indoor layer of profiled racks 83, an outdoor layer of profiled racks 84, an additional inner layer of profiled racks 85, arranged vertically and fixed to the foundation strapping 80 and the power plate 81 in increments exceeding the overall width of the racks by an amount sufficient to compensate for the largest for the annual cycle of operation of the humidity extensions profiled racks; liners-strips 86 (see Fig. 22), mated with the grooves of the indoor layer of the racks 83, profiled liners 87, paired simultaneously with the grooves of the elements of the indoor layer of the racks 83 and the inner layer of the racks 85, profiled liners 88, paired simultaneously with the grooves of the street layer of racks 84 and the inner layer of the pillars 85, of the liners-slats 89, coupled with the grooves of the street layer of the profiled pillars 84. The profile of the pillars 83 is similar to the profile of the pillars 4 in a two-layer wall. The profile of the racks 84 is similar to the profile of the racks 8 in a two-layer wall. The profile of the inner pillar 85 is depicted in FIG. 23, formed from two lamella 90, 91 (see FIG. 23) tangential cutting. The depth of the slots and ledges in the profiled rack 85 for mating with the profiled liners 87, 88 adopted not less than 0.5 thickness of the mating sections of the profiled liners 87, 88. The glue seam is parallel to the front surfaces of the rack and is additionally profiled by compensation grooves 92, cutting facing the edges of the rack areas of glue seam to a depth of at least the depth of the grooves for mating with liners. The device inserts-slats 86, 89 is similar to the device inserts-slats And, 12. The device profiled inserts 87, 88 similar to the device profiled inserts 13. The response of a three-layer wall structure to the operating multidirectional changes in wood moisture is similar to the reaction of a two-layer structure: an increase in size when swelling does not lead to dangerous deformations of the wall as a whole, arcuate deformations of the liners and edge areas of the front lamellae in the tangential saw cut stands and Chania and shrinkage cause the joints of adjacent surfaces of grooves in racks and liners to be sealed. Additional versions of three-layer wall structures with increased resistance to heat transfer and increased energy efficiency can be made of racks with more than two lamellae, for example: three-bar, four-bar.

The design of a three-layer wall structure with three-glue glued racks is shown in FIG. 24-26. The wall structure consists of strapping elements of the foundation 93, 94 (see Fig. 24) and the power plate elements 95, 96 arranged horizontally; an indoor layer of profiled racks 97, an outdoor layer of profiled racks 98, an additional inner layer of profiled racks 99, arranged vertically and fixed to the foundation strapping 94 and the mauerlat 95 in increments exceeding the overall width of the racks by an amount sufficient to compensate for the largest for the annual cycle of operation of the humidity extensions profiled racks; liners

100 (see Fig. 25), mated with the grooves of the indoor layer of the racks 97, profiled liners 101, paired simultaneously with the grooves of the elements of the indoor layer of the racks 97 and the inner layer of the racks 99, profiled liners 102, paired simultaneously with the grooves of the street layer of the racks 98 and the inner a layer of pillars 99, liners-strips 103, mated with grooves of the street layer of profiled racks 98. The profile of the inner pillar 99 is depicted in FIG. 26, formed of three lamellae: front lamella 104 and 105 tangential sawing and internal lamella 106 of radial or mixed The leg cut. The depth of the grooves and ledges in the profiled rack 99 for mating with the profiled liners 101, 102 adopted at least 0.5 thickness of the mating sections of the profiled liners 101, 102. The glue seams are parallel to the front surfaces of the rack and are additionally profiled by compensating grooves 107, cutting facing the edges of the rack areas of glue seam to a depth of at least the depth of the grooves for mating with liners. The arrangement of the liners 100, 103 is similar to the arrangement of the liners 11, 12 in FIG.

5. The device of the profiled liners 101, 102 is similar to the device of the profiled liners 13 in FIG. 6. The rack profile 97, 98 is similar to the rack profile in FIG. 7. Reaction of a three-layer wall construction of three-bar racks to operational multidirectional changes in humidity Wood is similar to the reaction of a three-layer construction of two-blade racks: an increase in the size of the elements during swelling does not lead to dangerous deformations of the wall as a whole, arcuate deformations of the liners and edge sections of the front lamellae in the tangential racks of the wood and when swelling and drying, lead to compaction of the joints of adjacent grooves in racks and inserts.

The design of a three-layer wall structure with four-glue glued racks is shown in FIG. 27 -29. The wall structure consists of the elements of the strapping of the foundation 108, 109 (see Fig. 27) and the elements of the software 111, horizontally arranged; an indoor layer of profiled racks 112, an outdoor layer of profiled racks 113, an additional inner layer of profiled racks 114 that are arranged vertically and fixed to the base piping 109 and the power plate 110 in increments exceeding the overall width of the racks by an amount sufficient to compensate for the largest for the annual cycle of operation of the humidity extensions profiled racks; liners

115, (see Fig. 28), paired with the grooves of the indoor layer of the racks 112, liners of the slats 116 (see Fig. 28), paired with the grooves of the street layer of the racks 113, profiled liners 117, paired simultaneously with the grooves of the elements of the indoor layer of the racks 112 and the inner layer of the racks 114, the profiled inserts 118, which are paired simultaneously with the grooves of the street layer of the racks 113 and the inner layer of the racks 114. The profile of the inner rack 114 is depicted in FIG. 29; the rack 114 is formed of four lamellae: the front lamella 119 and 120 of the tangential cut, the internal lamella 121, 122 of the radial or mixed cut. The depth of the slots and ledges in the rack 114 for mating with the profiled liners 117, 118 adopted at least 0.5 thickness of the mating sections of the profiled liners 117, 118. The glue seams are arranged parallel to the front surfaces of the rack and are additionally profiled with compensation grooves 123, cutting the sections facing the edges of the rack glue seam to a depth of not less than the depth of the grooves for mating with liners. The arrangement of the strip inserts 115, 116 is similar to the arrangement of the insert liners 11, 12 in FIG.

5. The device of the profiled liners 117, 1 18 is similar to the device of the profiled liners 13 in FIG. 6. Profile of four-laminated glued racks 112, 113 are similar to the racks profile in FIG. 8. The reaction of a three-layer wall structure with four-arm racks to operational multidirectional changes in wood moisture is similar to the reaction of a three-layer structure of double-bar racks: an increase in the size of elements during swelling does not lead to dangerous deformations of the wall as a whole, arcuate deformations of liners and edge sections of the front lamellas in tangential wood racks Cutting and swelling and shrinkage lead to compaction of the joints of adjacent surfaces of the grooves in the uprights and liners.

Additional designs of wall structures with increased heat transfer resistance and increased energy efficiency without increasing the material consumption of the wall for wood can be arranged using glued racks, in which additional internal air gaps are made, cutting the glue seams in the middle part across the width of the rack profile.

In the drawings of FIG. 30-33 are the profiles of glued racks with the number of lamellas from two to five for the outdoor and indoor layers of the wall structure. Internal air gaps 124 are formed in the glued blanks after gluing the lamella-billets with pre-milled grooves. In the drawings of FIG. 34- 37 shows horizontal sections of fragments of two-layer walls of glued racks of various thickness with internal air gaps. Mating and connecting elements in the walls; The reaction of the structure to operating multidirectional changes in the moisture content of wood are similar to those described above.

In the drawings of FIG. 38-40 depict profiles of glued posts with the number of slats from two to four for an additional inner layer of wall construction. Internal air gaps 124 are formed in the glued blanks after gluing the lamella-billets with pre-milled grooves. In the drawings of FIG. 41-43 shows the performance of three-layer walls with racks of different thickness. Mating and connecting elements in the walls; The reaction of the structure to operating multidirectional changes in the moisture content of wood are similar to those described above. The implementation of the invention (description of the sequence of installation)

The description of the installation sequence will be carried out using the example of a two-layer wall construction with double-glue glued pillars shown in FIG. 1-6; 14. The description of the assembly sequence is illustrated in FIG. 15-17.

The installation of a wooden structure is carried out on the foundation of a known construction, mainly monolithic reinforced concrete, in the following sequence of operations:

1. Attach the elements of strapping 1 to the foundation 2 with known compounds. Elements 1 should be located symmetrically to the axes of the walls 15.

2. Attach elements of strapping 3 to elements of strapping 1 along the inner contour of elements 1 with known connections. The elements of the piping 3 with pre-drilled holes for fasteners 9 with a given design step must be installed so that in each wall to ensure coordination of the holes for fastener 9 according to the design size, for example: size A13, A14 on the plan of FIG. 14 and FIG. 15.

3. Installation of the wall without corner joints (see Fig. 16a-16g).

o Attach the upright 8-C1 rack (see Fig. 16a) to the element 3 with a connector 9 (not shown in Fig. 16).

o Attach an 8-C2 rack to an arbitrary location on the wall, which is spaced from the 8-C1 rack by a multiple of the rack lengths.

o Attach upright 4-СЗ to element 3 with two connectors 5 (see Fig. 2). Insert the 13-B1 insert (see Fig. 16a) into the gap between the 8-C1 and 4-СЗ posts. Provide a temporary two-coordinate fixation of the verticality of the 4-WA rack with known technological devices, for example, with struts.

o Attach a 4-C4 rack to an 8-WT rack. Temporarily insert a 13-B2 insert into the gap between the 8-C2 and 4-C4 posts. Provide a temporary two-coordinate fixation of the verticality of the 4-C4 rack with known technological devices, such as struts. o Fix the power plate 6 above the uprights 4 with the symbols 4-СЗ, 4-С4; to ensure the coordination of the hole for the fastening element 9 according to the size A13 in the plan of FIG. 14.

o Attach the upper ends of the 8-C1, 8-C2 racks to the power plate 6 with the connectors 10.

o Insert an 11-VZ insert into the 4-C2 rack.

o Insert a 12-B4 insert into the 8-C1 rack.

o Attach a stand 8-C5 (see Fig. 166) with connector 9 to the harness 3, connector 10 to the power plate 6.

o Attach the 4-C6 rack to the harness 3 and the power plate 6.

o Insert the 13-B5 insert into the gap between the 8-C5 and 4-C6 posts. Insert the 1 1-B6 and 12-B7 inserts into the grooves of the 4-C6, 8-C5 pillars.

o Repeat transitions 3.7-3.11 in the interval from the rack 8-C1 to the rack 8-C2.

o Temporarily dismantle the 8-C2 and 4-C4 pillars (see Fig. 16c) with the insert.

o Complete the wall from angle to angle, incl. restore the mounting of racks 8-C2 and 4-C4 (see Fig. 16g).

4. To install the elements of "Wall 2" and subsequent walls without corners, similarly to "Wall 1".

5. To assemble the elements in the corner joint in the following sequence of operations and transitions, illustrated by the symbols in FIG. 17, namely:

o Insert the insert 11-УВ1 into the rack 4 "Walls 2"

o Insert the insert 13-УВ2 between racks 4, 8 “Walls 2”

o Fasten a 4-CSS rack reduced in width 1.

o Insert the insert 1 1-UVZ in rack 4 "Walls 1"

o Insert the insert 13-УВ4 between racks 4, 8 "Walls 1"

o Secure the 4-CC2 rack.

o Insert liner 12-UV5.

o Secure the 8-HSS rack.

o Insert the liner 1 1-UV6 into the 4-US2 rack. o Insert a 13-HC7 insert between 4-US2, 8-HSS racks.

o Fasten a 4-FP4 reduced width rack.

o Insert the insert 12-УВ8 into the rack 8 "Walls 2"

o Secure the 8-US5 rack.

o Insert two PSUL tapes pos. 125 in the grooves of the rack 8-US5.

o Insert the 12-HC9 insert into the 8-HSS rack.

o Fasten 8-FP6 reduced width rack.

o Fasten the corner frames 126, 127.

6. Install the elements of the remaining corner joints in the same way as paragraph 5.

The sequence of installation of wall structures of other versions is similar to pp. 1-6.

The effectiveness of the proposed invention is ensured during the installation and operation of wooden structures of residential buildings in the cold period of the year by using the known essential features of the prototype and the new essential features.

In the cold period of the year, according to data from open sources on the outer surface of the walls, the humidity of the wood increases, and on the inner surfaces of the walls, the humidity of the wood decreases in comparison with the level of 9-11% in the summer period. In the external, that is, from the street, the elements of the wall structure manifest the property of swelling. In internal, that is, from the side of heated premises, structural elements, the property of shrinkage manifests itself. A new set of all features of the proposed invention provides for the exploitation of the wall structure in a residential building, separate accounting and positive use of the effects of shrinkage and swelling of wooden elements on the exterior and interior surfaces of the wall structure, namely:

• Fastening the profiled racks to the elements of the foundation binding and to the mauerlat elements with a pitch exceeding the overall width of the racks provides a gap between the edges of the racks of each layer, sufficient to compensate for the largest moisture expansions of the profiled racks in the outer layer. In the cold period with increased equilibrium moisture wood on the street the joint work of the outer layer racks occurs without tight closing of the edges of adjacent racks and eliminates the S-shaped walls in terms of deformation in general. Changes in the moisture content of wood in the elements of the strapping of the foundation and the mauerlat, to which the stands are fixed, do not affect the step of the struts and the dimensions of the wall as a whole, due to the small size changes along the grain direction of the wood.

• Rationing the depth of grooves in profiled racks for liners-slats not less than 0.5 width of liners-slats, together with the decision to use wood tangential cutting for liners slats and front lamellas glued racks, ensures the joint work of swelled lamellae in the composition of profiled racks of the outer layer with swellable liners-slats without tight closure of the edges transverse to the axis of the wall. Such a design prevents deformations of structures as a whole in terms of wall deformations.

• Rationing the depth of grooves in profiled racks for profiled liners of at least 0.5 of the thickness of profiled liners, together with the decision to use tangential sawn wood for profiled liners and front lamella racks, ensures that when swelled, the joint operation of swelled profiled racks with swelled profiled liners without tight closures transverse to the axis of the wall. This design prevents the S-shaped walls in terms of deformation as a whole.

• Production of liners-slats from tangential sawing wood leads to the greatest possible, in comparison with a mixed or radial sawing, multi-directional arcuate deformation of liners-slats as when increasing the equilibrium moisture content of wood, and when the equilibrium moisture decreases. That is, in the cold period of the year, the arcuate deformations of the swelled liners in the outer layer of the pillars and the arcuate deformations of the drying liners of the planks in the inner layer lead to an elastic sealing of the joints on the surfaces of the grooves in the profiled racks parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wall. The free placement of the slat inserts in the grooves of the profiled struts does not prevent the moisture deformation of the slats inserts. Compaction parallel to the axis of the wall of the joints of parts has a positive effect on reducing the wall flow rate and reduces heat loss during the cold period.

• Production of profiled liners from tangential sawn wood leads to the greatest possible arc-shaped deformation of profiled liners, as compared to mixed or radial sawing, both when the equilibrium moisture of the wood increases and when the equilibrium moisture decreases. That is, in the cold period of the year, arcuate deformations of the profiled liners during drying or swelling will lead to an elastic sealing of the joints on the surfaces of the grooves in the profiled racks of the outer and inner layers. The free placement of the profiled liners in the grooves of the profiled struts does not prevent the moisture deformation of the liners. The middle protrusions of the profiled liners are used to divide the air gap formed between the layers of the uprights into vertical compartments and prevent air convection in the air gaps inside the wall, which reduces heat loss during the cold period.

• The presence of compensation grooves on the edges of the profiled liners upon swelling contributes to a greater elastic compliance of the arcuately deformed sections of the liner after they contact with the grooves of the racks, which ensures effective closure of the projections of the liners with the grooves of the racks. The presence of compensation grooves on the edges of the profiled liners during shrinkage contributes to the expansion of the deforming sections of the liners along the wall axis, which ensures the contact of the extreme projections of the profiled liners with the grooves of the racks. In general, during shrinkage and swelling, the protrusions of the profiled liners are mated with the slots of the posts without the risk of S-shaped deformations of the wall as a whole, with a moderately dense elastic contact of the mating surfaces.

• Production of profiled racks from glued laminated timber, at least two-jig, whose glue seams are parallel to the visible surfaces of the walls and additionally profiled with compensation grooves, cutting glue joints facing the edges of the racks to a depth of not less than the depth of grooves for mating with liners, ensures the stability of the shape of the timber on sites of glue seams. Making front lamellas from Wood tangential cutting provides arcuate deformation of the edge areas of the front lamella, in which the grooves for liners are profiled, both during shrinkage and swelling. That is, the effect of elastic closure of racks with inserts on the surfaces of grooves parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wall will be enhanced. Sealing parts joints parallel to the wall axis has a positive effect on reducing the wall flow rate and reduces heat loss in the cold period. At the same time, the air gaps of the compensation grooves in the profiled racks are arranged across the direction of the heat flow, which increases the resistance of the wall to heat transfer.

• Chamfering the edges of liners-slats, profiled liners and grooves in racks ensures that the structure is collectable under moderate impact in bad weather conditions, in which swelling of the elements during storage of parts on the building site before installation causes deformations of the wall parts before installation and makes installation difficult .

• Execution of profiled racks of laminated veneer lumber with a larger than two number of lamellae enables the construction of wall structures with increased heat transfer resistance and reduced energy consumption. At the same time, the remaining positive properties are similar to those of the construction with double-sided racks.

• Execution of corner joints of walls with reduced in width profiled struts in the composition of each wall provides the ability to construct walls of arbitrary length, not a multiple of the rack pitch.

• Additional designs of the wall structure with an additional inner hidden layer of profiled racks provide the possibility of building wall structures with increased heat transfer resistance and reduced power consumption without changing the other positive properties of the structure.

• Additional versions of the wall construction with glued pillars, in which additional internal air gaps are made, cutting the glue seams at least in the middle part along the width of the rack, enables the construction of wall structures with an increased resistance to heat transfer and reduced energy consumption without increasing material intensity and without changing the other positive properties of the structure.

Thus, the effect of the application of the proposed invention is manifested in increasing operational reliability in various operating modes by eliminating the risk of deformation of the structure as a whole and in reducing heat loss through the wall by eliminating the risk of convection through the wall structure; and in additional reduction of heat loss through the wall structure by making walls according to performances with glued racks with more than two lamellas, or with walls with three layers of glued profiled struts, or with walls with glued racks, which have additional internal air gaps that cut the glue seams at least in the middle part in the direction of the width of the rack profile.

Authors: G. Ganaus, Stepanischev AV, Lazarev DB, Elchugin A.V.

Claims

Claim

1. Wall wooden construction containing elements of the foundation binding and elements of the power plate, located horizontally; profiled racks with longitudinal grooves, arranged vertically in two layers and secured to the binding of the foundation and to the power plate; liners-slats, freely located in the grooves of adjacent elements of each layer of racks; profiled inserts with protrusions freely located in the grooves of the two layers of racks so that between the layers of racks closed air gaps are formed, divided along the length of the wall by middle sections of profiled liners, characterized in that in order to improve technical and economic characteristics, the profiled racks are made of glued, at least two-laminated timber, the glue seams of which are arranged parallel to the visible surfaces of the walls and are additionally profiled with compensation grooves that cut the pattern whelping to the edges of struts portions of adhesive joints to a depth of not less than the depth of the slots for interfacing with inserts; in profiled racks, the depth of the grooves for liners-slats is assumed to be at least 0.5 of the width of the liners-slats; and the depth of the grooves for profiled liners adopted at least 0.5 of the thickness of the profiled liners; profiled racks fixed to the elements of the foundation binding and to the power plate elements with a step exceeding the overall width of the racks by an amount sufficient to compensate for the humidity expansions of the profiled racks during the annual cycle of operation; front lamellas of glued profiled racks, liners-strips and profiled liners are made of softwood tangential sawn wood; additional compensation grooves with a depth of no more than the width of the extreme projections associated with the slots of the uprights are made in the profiled liners on the edges; on the edges of the liners-slats, profiled liners and grooves for mating with liners in profiled racks made chamfer.

2. Wall construction according to claim 1, characterized in that in the corner joints of walls of arbitrary length at least one profiled rack of each wall is made of a reduced width.

3. Wall construction according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an additional inner hidden layer of profiled racks, attached to the elements of the basement strapping and the power plate, coupled with the visible profiled racks through the profiled liners with three extended sections.

4. Wall construction according to claim 1, characterized in that additional internal air gaps are made in the glued profiled racks, cutting the glue seams at least in the middle part in the direction of the width of the rack profile.