RU2663854C1 - Wooden wall design - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction design of walls made from wood. In the method, the design of the walls includes profiled posts that are made from at least two-layered laminated beams, the adhesive joints of which are parallel to the visible surfaces of the walls and are additionally profiled with compensating grooves that cut the edges of the adhesive seams facing the edge of the posts to a depth not less than the depth of the grooves in order to interface with the inserts; in the profiled posts, the depth of the grooves for the inserts is equal to at least 0.5 of the width of the inserts; and the depth of the grooves for the profiled inserts is not less than 0.5 of the thickness of the profiled inserts; said profiled posts are attached to the elements of the foundation casing and to the elements of the wall plates with a step exceeding the overall width of the posts by an amount sufficient to compensate for greatest moisture extensions of the profiled posts during the annual operating cycle; facial lamellas of the laminated profiled posts, inserts-strips and profiled inserts are made from coniferous wood of tangential cut; in profiled inserts, on the edges, additional compensation grooves with a depth not exceeding the width of the outermost projections associated with the grooves of the posts are made; chamfers are made on the edges of the inserts-strips, profiled inserts and grooves for mating with the inserts in the profiled posts.EFFECT: technical result consists in increasing the operational reliability in various operating modes by eliminating the risk of deformation of the structure as a whole and reducing energy consumption by eliminating the risk of convection through the wall structure, the arrangement of an additional internal layer of the posts and the arrangement of additional air gaps inside the glued posts that cut glue seams.4 cl, 43 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of building wall structures made of wood.

State of the art

Known wall wooden structure [1] (Austrian patent AT 409151, including FIG. 4) of three layers of elements containing vertically profiled racks with grooves and protrusions, forming solid face layers of wall structure joined by tongue-and-groove joints along the length of the wall; vertically profiled racks located, forming an inner layer of the wall structure, cohesive along the length of the wall with dense smooth joints; while the racks of the front layers and the racks of the inner layer are arranged with additional mushroom-shaped protrusions associated with similar protrusions of the racks of the adjacent layer. Racks of several layers form a solid, prefabricated wooden wall structure.

Known wooden wall construction [2] (European patent EP 1264051, including FIG. 4) of several layers of elements, comprising vertically profiled racks with grooves and protrusions, forming solid face layers of wall structure joined by tongue-and-groove joints along the length of the wall; located vertically profiled racks with compensation grooves, forming an inner layer of the wall structure, cohesive along the length of the wall with dense smooth joints; while the racks of the front layers and the racks of the inner layer are arranged with additional mushroom-shaped protrusions associated with similar protrusions of the racks of the adjacent layer. Racks of several layers form a solid-thick prefabricated wooden wall structure, in which closed air layers are arranged in the form of longitudinal compensation grooves in the layer of internal racks.

Known wall wooden structure [3] (Austrian patent AT 513844 B1). The design contains horizontally arranged in two layers elements of the foundation strapping and Mauerlat elements; vertically arranged in several layers profiled racks that differ in shape on the front and inside; partly located in the grooves of the racks, and partially in the spaces between the racks, profiled liners with three extended sections in width; prismatic inserts located in between the uprights, connected to the foundation strapping elements and Mauerlat. At the same time, the elements of the front pillar layer are joined without gaps by smooth surfaces and form a continuous front layer of vertically arranged elements of solid wood.

Known wall wooden structure [4] (patent RU 44697 U1). The wooden wall structure contains the lower and upper zones, interconnected by vertical angular, intermediate and butt racks, while all the components of the frame are made of glued wooden parts of a space-spike structure of various sizes and cross sections, treated with flame retardants and rigidly interconnected with using additional steel plates and fasteners.

Known wall wooden structure [5] (Austrian patent AT 514424 B1), adopted as the closest analogue (prototype). Wall wooden structure contains horizontally located elements of the lower basement; horizontally located Mauerlat elements, vertically mounted and secured to the foundation strapping and to the Mauerlat, profiled racks with longitudinal grooves, liners and profiled liners partially located in the longitudinal grooves of the racks, while closed air gaps are formed between the layers of the racks, divided along the length of the wall middle sections of profiled liners. The design provides an additional decorative layer of profiled parts on the crate, mounted horizontally on the racks of the second layer, and an additional layer of diagonal ties, fixed on the racks of the first layer. The presence of a decorative layer hiding the diagonal ties is implied. At the same time, profiled racks and inserts are made of solid wood; the type of sawing of wood is not defined, and the racks are fixed to the binding of the foundation and to the Mauerlat with a step exceeding the width of the racks; racks of both layers, interfaced through liners and through profiled liners, form together with the liners a solid structure without gaps along the length of the wall.

Known designs have such disadvantages as low operational reliability due to the dense cohesion of the elements along the length of the wall in each individual layer, which during operational swelling of the racks from increased moisture in the wood leads to deformations that are S-shaped in terms of the wall and to squeezing out the elements from the front decks the street surface of the wall in the cold season, as well as the relatively low resistance to heat transfer and increased energy consumption during operation due to the continuous construction of the prefabricated wooden console traction.

The aim of the invention is to increase operational reliability in various operating modes by eliminating the risk of deformation of the structure as a whole and reducing energy consumption by eliminating the risk of convection through the wall structure, additional internal layer of struts and additional air gaps inside the glued racks that cut the adhesive joints.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the wall structure uses the well-known essential features of the prototype, namely: that the structure contains elements of the basement strapping and Mauerlat elements located horizontally; profiled racks with longitudinal grooves, arranged vertically in two layers and fixed to the basement harness and to the Mauerlat; liners-slats, freely located in the grooves of adjacent elements of each layer of racks; profiled liners with protrusions freely located in the grooves of the two layers of racks so that closed air gaps are formed between the layers of the racks, divided along the length of the wall by the middle sections of the profiled liners and new significant features, namely:

- profiled racks are made of glued at least two-lamellar timber, the glue joints of which are parallel to the visible surfaces of the walls and are additionally profiled with compensation grooves that cut the sections of the adhesive seams facing the edges of the racks to a depth not less than the depth of the grooves for interfacing with the inserts;

- in profiled racks, the depth of the grooves for liners-strips is taken equal to at least 0.5 the width of the liners - strips; and the depth of the grooves for profiled liners adopted at least 0.5 thickness of the profiled liners;

- profiled racks are fixed to the elements of the basement strapping and to the Mauerlat elements with a step exceeding the overall width of the racks by an amount sufficient to compensate for the maximum moisture expansion of the profiled racks during the annual operation cycle;

- front lamellas of glued profiled racks, liners and profiled liners are made of coniferous wood of tangential cut;

- in the profiled liners on the edges, additional compensation grooves are made with a depth not less than the width of the extreme protrusions associated with the grooves of the racks;

- the edges of the liners, strips, profiled liners and grooves in the racks for mating with the liners are made with chamfers.

And also the fact that:

- in the corner joints of walls of arbitrary length, at least one profiled stand of each wall is made of reduced width;

- an additional internal hidden layer of profiled racks is arranged in the wall, paired with visible profiled racks through profiled inserts with three extended sections;

- in glued profiled racks additional internal air gaps are made, cutting adhesive seams at least in the middle part along the width of the profile of the rack.

List of drawings

The essence of the alleged invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of a single-story two-layer wall of two-lamellar racks;

in FIG. 2 is a view along arrow A in FIG. 1 - fragment of a two-layer wall, view from the inside of the room;

in FIG. 3 shows a horizontal section BB in FIG. 1 - a fragment of a two-layer wall of two-lamellar glued profiled racks;

in FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a glued profiled rack of two lambs of fir trees;

in FIG. 5 shows a cross section of a liner strip;

in FIG. 6 shows a cross section of a profiled liner;

in FIG. 7 shows the performance of a glued stand of three slats for a two-layer wall;

in FIG. 8 shows the performance of a glued stand of four slats for a two-layer wall;

in FIG. 9 shows the performance of a glued stand of five slats for a two-layer wall;

in FIG. 10 shows an example of sawing a log into blanks for parts of a wall structure;

in FIG. 11 shows examples of changes in the shape of parts of a wall structure during shrinkage from the initial state after profiling.

in FIG. 12 illustrates examples of changes in the shape of parts of a wall structure when swelling from the initial state after profiling;

in FIG. 13 shows graphs of the equilibrium moisture content of wood in outdoor conditions and in an apartment (inside the house);

in FIG. 14 shows a plan of two-layer walls of two-lamellar racks in a building with a ledge;

in FIG. 15 shows a plan for tying the foundation;

in FIG. 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, fragment 1 is shown in FIG. 14 - wall 1 and the sequence of installation of the wall;

in FIG. 17 shows fragment 2 in figure 14 — the outer corner of the building, and the sequence for mounting the corner;

in FIG. 18 shows a horizontal section of a fragment of a two-layer wall of three-lamellar racks;

in FIG. 19 shows a horizontal section of a fragment of a two-layer wall of four-lamellar racks;

in FIG. 20 shows a horizontal section of a fragment of a two-layer wall of five-lamellar racks;

in FIG. 21 shows a vertical section of a three-layer wall of two-lamellar racks;

in FIG. 22 shows a section BB in FIG. 21 is a horizontal section of a fragment of a three-layer wall of two-lamellar racks;

in FIG. 23 shows a profile of an internal glued stand of two slats for a three-layer wall;

in FIG. 24 shows a vertical section of a three-layer wall with three-lamellar glued posts;

in FIG. 25 shows a section GG in FIG. 24 — a horizontal section through a fragment of a three-layer wall with three-lamellar glued posts;

in FIG. 26 shows a profile of an internal glued stand of three lamellas for a three-layer wall;

in FIG. 27 shows a vertical section of a three-layer wall with four-lamellar glued posts;

in FIG. 28 shows a section DD in FIG. 27 is a horizontal section of a fragment of a three-layer wall with four-lamellar glued posts;

in FIG. 29 shows a profile of an internal glued stand of four slats for a three-layer wall;

in FIG. 30, 31, 32, 33 depict profiles of glued racks with the number of slats from two to five for outdoor and indoor layers of racks in a two-layer wall structure;

in FIG. 34, 35, 36, 37 are horizontal sections of fragments of two-layer walls of glued posts of various thicknesses with the number of slats from two to five with internal air gaps;

in FIG. 38, 39, 40 depict profiles of glued posts with the number of slats from two to four for the inner layer of the wall structure of three-layer walls;

in FIG. 41, 42, 43 are horizontal sections of fragments of three-layer walls of glued posts of various thicknesses with the number of lamellas from two to four with internal air gaps.

Disclosure of invention

Wall wooden structure contains:

horizontally located elements of the lower foundations of the foundation, namely: element 1 (see Fig. 1), mounted on the foundation 2, and element 3, mounted on the element 1;

vertically arranged elements of the inner layer of the profiled racks 4, the lower ends of which are connected to the strapping elements 3, for example: inclined screws 5 (see Fig. 2),

Mauerlat elements 6, horizontally above the inner layer of profiled racks, rigidly connected to the upper ends of the inner layer of profiled racks 4, for example: inclined screws 7;

vertically arranged elements of the outer layer of the profiled racks 8 (see Fig. 1), the lower ends of which are rigidly connected to the element 3, for example: screw 9, and the upper ends are rigidly connected to the Mauerlat element 6, for example: screw 10;

liners-strips 11 (see Fig. 3), freely located in the grooves of the profiled racks 4 of the inner layer of the wall;

liners-strips 12, freely located in the grooves of the profiled racks 8 of the outer layer of the wall;

profiled liners 13, partially located in the grooves of the profiled racks 4 of the inner layer and in the grooves of the profiled racks 8 of the outer layer of the wall;

horizontally above two layers of profiled racks the elements of the Mauerlat 14 (see Fig. 1), rigidly connected to the elements of the Mauerlat 6 and the upper ends of the outer profiled racks 8.

Profiled racks 4 and 8 are located mirrored relative to the axis of the wall 15. Profiled racks 4 and 8 are made of glued beams with the number of lamellas not less than two, the number of adhesive joints at least one. Glue joints in the racks are parallel to the visible surfaces of the walls. The front lamellas in the blank before gluing are glued so that the face from the center of the log from which the blank is cut is turned outward.

In profiled racks 4; 8, grooves 16 are made (see FIG. 4) for interfacing with liners-strips 11 and 12, grooves 17 and ledges 18 for interfacing with profiled liners 13, additional compensation grooves 19, cutting sections of adhesive joints facing the edges of the racks, and on the ribs The protrusions are chamfered.

The depth of the grooves 16 (size A2), adopted at least 0.5 of the width of the liners-strips 11; 12 (size A1). The depth of the grooves 17 (size A4) adopted at least 0.5 of the thickness of the profiled liner 13 (size A3). The depth of the step 18 (size A6) is taken to be at least 0.5 of the thickness of the section mating with the step 18 on the profiled insert 13 (size A5). The depth of the compensation grooves 19 (size A7) is adopted not less than the depth of the grooves 16, 17 for interfacing with the liners 11, 12.

Profiled racks 4, 8 are fixed to the elements of the basement 3 strapping and to the Mauerlat elements 6 with a step exceeding the overall width of the racks - size A8 (see Fig. 3), by the gap value A9 sufficient to compensate for the largest moisture extensions of the profiled for a one-year operation cycle racks. Ensuring the constancy of a given step of the uprights in the outer layer, exceeding the nominal width of the uprights, can be performed in a known manner, for example: by pre-drilling in industrial conditions the holes in the strapping elements of the foundation 3 and in the Mauerlat 6, as well as drilling preliminary holes for screws 9, 10 in racks 8. Between the layers of racks air gaps are formed by the size of the gap A10, equal to the width of the middle protrusion on the profiled liners 13.

Front lamels of glued profiled racks 4; 8 are made of coniferous wood of a tangential cut. Planing of the lamella blanks, gluing of the lamellas into the blank for the rack and profiling of the racks should be performed at a nominal moisture content of the wood blanks of 12%.

Inserts strips 11; 12 are made with chamfers on the ribs 20 (see Fig. 5), 21, 22, 23, while one of the edges is made with a recess 24, forming together with the chamfers two triangular protrusions 25 and 26. Inserts-strips 11; 12 are made of softwood tangential cut. The planing of profiled liners should be performed at a nominal moisture content of wood of 12%.

Profiled inserts 13 are made with protrusions 27 (see Fig. 6), 28, 29, 30, 31, 32. In the wall, profiled inserts 13 are freely located in the grooves of two layers of profiled racks 4, 8. Moreover, the protrusions 27, 28, mated with the grooves of the profiled racks 4, forming an intra-apartment layer of the wall; the protrusions 29, 30 are associated with the grooves of the profiled posts 8, forming the outer layer of the wall; protrusions 31, 32 divide the air gap between the layers of the wall into closed sections. In profiled liners, additional compensation grooves 33, 34 are made on the edges, and chamfers on the edges of the longitudinal protrusions. The depth of these grooves - size A11 - adopted no more than the width of the protrusions 27, 28, 29, 30 - size A12. Profiled inserts 13 are made of coniferous wood of tangential cut. The planing of profiled liners should be performed at a nominal moisture content of wood of 12%.

The technical solution of the wall structure provides for the performance of glued profiled posts with a number of lamellas of more than two.

A profiled stand of three lamellas is shown in FIG. 7. The front lamellas 35 and 36 are made of tangential cut wood, and the inner lamella 37 is made of radial or mixed cut wood. In the front slats, grooves 16 are provided for interfacing with the strip inserts 11 and 12, grooves 17 and steps 18 for interfacing with the profiled liners 13, compensation grooves 19, cutting sections of the adhesive joints facing the edges of the racks. The depths of the grooves in the profiled rack of three lamellas are taken similarly to the aspect ratios in the two-lamellar profiled racks.

A profiled post of four slats is shown in FIG. 8. The front lamellas 38 and 39 are made of tangential cut wood, and the inner lamellas 40, 41 are made of radial or mixed cut wood. In the front slats, grooves 16 are provided for interfacing with the strip inserts 11 and 12, grooves 17 and steps 18 for interfacing with the profiled liners 13, compensation grooves 19, cutting sections of the adhesive joints facing the edges of the racks. The depths of the grooves in the profiled rack of four slats are adopted similarly to the aspect ratios in the two-lamellar profiled racks.

A profiled post of five slats is shown in FIG. 9. The front lamellas 42 and 43 are made of tangential cut wood, and the inner lamellas 44, 45, 46 are made of radial or mixed cut wood. In the front slats, grooves 16 are provided for interfacing with the strip inserts 11 and 12, grooves 17 and steps 18 for interfacing with the profiled liners 13, compensation grooves 19, cutting sections of the adhesive joints facing the edges of the racks. The depths of the grooves in the profiled rack of five slats are taken similarly to the aspect ratios in the two-lamellar profiled racks.

From the theory of wood science it is known about changes in the size of wooden parts with changing moisture of the wood parts. The magnitude of the change in size depends on the type of wood, the direction of measurement and the nature of the change in moisture level, that is, drying or swelling. Data on the coefficients of shrinkage and swelling of tree species are given in various publications, for example: in publication [6], Ugolev B.N. Wood Science and Forestry, 2nd ed. Sr., M, ed. Center "Academy", 2006; p. 64, table 3.1. (fragment). The values of the coefficients for the species of spruce and pine are given in the table.

In coniferous species, humidity changes in dimensions in the tangential direction are ~ 1.75 times greater than changes in sizes in the radial direction. Humid dimensional changes along the wood fibers are insignificant in size and are not taken into account. The difference in the properties of drying and swelling in different directions of measurement leads to deformation of the parts from internal stresses when the moisture content of the wood changes from the level during profiling to the level during operation. The magnitude of the deformation depends on the cut, that is, on the place of harvesting in the original log, wood species and the magnitude of the changes in humidity. The direction of the deformation depends on the sign of the change in humidity, that is, drying or swelling.

An example of sawing a log into blanks for wall construction parts is shown in FIG. 10. In FIG. 10, the contours of the blanks and the superimposed contours of the profiles of the parts are indicated, namely: 47 — the contour of the log; 48 - contours of sawn blanks for facial slats; 49 - contours of planed blanks for face lamellas with a rated normalized humidity of 12% before gluing; 50 - contours of the front lamellas as part of glued profiled racks with a rated normalized humidity of 12%; 51 - contours of sawn blanks for liners; 52 - contours of the planed surface of the liners, strips of nominal normalized humidity 12%; 53 - contour sawn blanks for profiled liner; 54 - contour of the planed surface of the profiled liner with a rated normalized humidity of 12%; 55 - contour sawn billets for internal lamellas of multi-lamellar versions of profiled racks; 56 - contour of a planed billet with a nominal normalized humidity of 12% for the internal lamella of a multi-lamellar design of a profiled stand before gluing; 57 - contour of the inner lamella as part of a glued profiled stand with a rated normalized humidity of 12%.

Due to the anisotropy of wood, the shape of the parts during operation under conditions different from the state during profiling will change.

Examples of changing the shape of parts during shrinkage are shown in FIG. 11. Details of the tangential cut - face lamellas of profiled racks, liners, trims, profiled inserts are deformed in an arcuate manner. The profile of the details of the radial cut takes on a fusiform shape. In FIG. Figure 11 shows the deformed contours of the details of the wall structure at reduced humidity compared with the level during profiling, namely: 58 and 59 - deformation of the contour of the front lamellas; 60 - deformation of the contour of the inner lamella of the radial cut; 61, 62, 63 - deformation of the contour of the liners; 64 - deformation of the contour of profiled liners. The directions of tangential deformations are shown by arrows.

Examples of a change in the shape of parts upon swelling are shown in FIG. 12. Details of the tangential cut - face lamellas of profiled racks, liners, profiled inserts are deformed in an arcuate manner, while the direction of bending during swelling is opposite to the direction of bending during drying. In FIG. 12 shows the deformed contours of the details of the wall structure at increased humidity compared to the level during profiling, namely: 64 and 65 - deformation of the contour of the front slats in the structure of the profiled racks; 66 - deformation of the contour of the inner lamella of the radial cut as part of profiled racks; 67, 68 - deformation of the contour of the liners; 69 - deformation of the contour of the profiled liners. The directions of deformation are shown by arrows.

From open sources, statistical data on weather and equilibrium moisture content of wood in street conditions and in heated apartments (inside houses) are known. In graphical form, they are shown in FIG. 13, where the abscissa indicates the month of the year, and the ordinate indicates the average level of equilibrium wood moisture. From the graph it follows that in the cold season, the equilibrium moisture content of wood on the street is increased, above 12%; and in the apartment (inside the house) - lowered, below 8%. Numerous surveys of wooden houses conducted by the authors confirm the known statistics.

According to domestic standards, wood of glued and planed parts has a nominal humidity with a planing of 12%. For about seven months a year, the equilibrium humidity of street storage exceeds the nominal level of 12%, that is, most of the year during the installation of wooden structures there are risks of swelling of parts and associated deformations of profiles. On the street surfaces of the walls of heated wooden buildings, most of the year, the moisture content of the wood exceeds the nominal level of 12%, which leads to swelling and deformation of some elements of wooden structures. In the same periods, the moisture content of the wood on the inside-wall surface of the walls is reduced, which leads to shrinkage and part of the elements of wooden structures opposite in direction of deformation. The combination of features of the alleged invention eliminates the installation and operational risks associated with moisture changes in structural elements.

According to the proposed technical solution, various designs can be arranged in length and shape in terms of wooden wall structures.

An example of the execution of a wooden wall structure in a closed loop with five outer corners and one inner corner is shown in plan form in FIG. 14. The wall structure of FIG. 14 is arranged as a two-layer of vertically mounted profiled two-lamellar glued posts 4, 8, separated by liners-strips 11, 12 and profiled liners 13. To enable walls of arbitrary length in the corner joints of the walls, at least one shaped stand of each wall is made of reduced width, for example: as with parts 70 (see Fig. 14). To fill narrow gaps in the outer corners, instead of the racks reduced in width, plank vertical liners 71 should be used. The density of the joints of the racks of a reduced width of 70 (see Fig. 14) with adjacent racks is ensured by the use of fasteners of known designs, for example, screws not shown on drawings. In the corner joints of the struts, in places with adjoining grooves for inserts to the reservoir surfaces of adjacent racks, these grooves are sealed with self-expanding sealing tapes 72.

According to the proposed technical solution, various versions of wall structures can be arranged with increased heat transfer resistance, provided by increasing the number of lamellas in profiled racks, for example: up to three; up to four; up to five lamellas.

Examples of the execution of two-layer wall wooden structures from racks with an increased number of lamellas up to 3, 4 and 5, differing in thickness and heat transfer resistance, are shown in FIG. 18-20, where fragments of horizontal sections of wall construction versions are shown. The dimensions of the liners 11, 12, the sizes of the profiled liners 13, the sizes of the profiled racks in width and the dimensions of the grooves in the profiled racks, the joints of the racks with the base strands and with the Mauerlat are unified with the design in two-lamellar racks. Profiled racks of three lamellas are indicated by pos. 73, 74 (see FIG. 18). Profiled racks of four slats are marked with pos. 75, 76 (see FIG. 19). Profiled racks of five slats are marked with pos. 77, 78 (see FIG. 20).

Profiled racks are fixed to the elements of the foundation strapping and to the Mauerlat elements 6 with a step exceeding the overall width of the racks - size A8 (see Fig. 18-20) - by the gap value A9, sufficient to compensate for the largest moisture expansion over the width of the profiled for a year's operation cycle racks. Ensuring the constancy of a given step of the uprights in the outer layer, exceeding the nominal width of the uprights, can be performed in a known manner, for example: by pre-drilling in industrial conditions the holes in the strapping elements of the foundation 3 and in the Mauerlat 6, as well as drilling preliminary holes for screws 9, 10 in racks of the outer layer 74, 76, 78. Between the layers of racks air gaps are formed by the size of the gap A10 equal to the width of the middle protrusion on the profiled liners 13.

The execution of the wall wooden structure with increased resistance to heat transfer and increased energy efficiency is carried out by introducing into the structure of the structure an additional layer of profiled racks inside the wall, fixed to the basement strapping and the Mauerlat, and paired with visible profiled racks of the street and indoor layers through profiled inserts with three extended sections . The execution of a three-layer wall construction with double-laminated glued posts is shown in FIG. 21-23. The wall structure consists of horizontally arranged foundation strapping elements 79, 80 (see Fig. 21) and Mauerlat elements 81, 82; the indoor layer of profiled racks 83, the outdoor layer of profiled racks 84, the additional inner layer of profiled racks 85 located vertically and fixed to the binding of the foundation 80 and Mauerlat 81 with a step exceeding the overall width of the racks by an amount sufficient to compensate for the largest moisture expansion during the annual operation cycle profiled racks; liners 86 (see Fig. 22), interfaced with the grooves of the indoor layer of racks 83, profiled liners 87, paired with the grooves of the elements of the indoor layer of racks 83 and the inner layer of racks 85, profiled liners 88, paired with the grooves of the street layer of racks 84 and the inner layer of the uprights 85, liners-strips 89, paired with the grooves of the street layer profiled racks 84. The profile of the racks 83 is similar to the profile of the racks 4 in a two-layer wall. The profile of the uprights 84 is similar to the profile of the uprights 8 in a two-layer wall. The profile of the inner strut 85 is depicted in FIG. 23, formed from two lamellas 90, 91 (see FIG. 23) of the tangential cut. The depth of the grooves and ledges in the profiled rack 85 for mating with the profiled liners 87, 88 adopted at least 0.5 of the thickness of the mating sections of the profiled liners 87, 88. The glue line is parallel to the front surfaces of the rack and is additionally profiled with compensation grooves 92, cutting facing the edges of the rack sections of the adhesive joint to a depth not less than the depth of the grooves for interfacing with the liners. The device of liners 86, 89 is similar to the device of liners 11, 12. The device of profiled liners 87, 88 is similar to the device of profiled liners 13. The reaction of a three-layer wall structure to operational multidirectional changes in the moisture content of wood is similar to the reaction of a two-layer structure: an increase in size during swelling does not lead to dangerous deformations of the wall as a whole, arched deformations of the liners and edge sections of the front lamellas in stands of tangential sawn wood and when Hanii and during shrinkage lead to compaction of the joints of the adjacent surfaces of the grooves in the racks and inserts.

Additional versions of three-layer wall structures with increased heat transfer resistance and increased energy efficiency can be constructed from racks with more than two lamellas, for example: from three-lamellas, from four-lamellas.

The embodiment of a three-layer wall structure with three-lamellar glued posts is shown in FIG. 24-26. The wall structure consists of strapping elements of the foundation 93, 94 (see Fig. 24) and Mauerlat elements 95, 96, located horizontally; the indoor layer of profiled racks 97, the outdoor layer of profiled racks 98, the additional inner layer of profiled racks 99 arranged vertically and fixed to the binding of the foundation 94 and the Mauerlat 95 with a step exceeding the overall width of the racks by an amount sufficient to compensate for the greatest moisture expansion during the one-year operation cycle profiled racks; liners-strips 100 (see Fig. 25), interfaced with the grooves of the indoor layer of racks 97, profiled liners 101, paired with the grooves of the elements of the indoor layer of racks 97 and the inner layer of racks 99, profiled liners 102, paired with the grooves of the street layer of racks 98 and the inner layer of the struts 99, the liners-strips 103, paired with the grooves of the street layer of the profiled racks 98. The profile of the inner rack 99 is shown in Fig. 26, formed of three lamellas: face lamellae 104 and 105 of tangential cut and inner lamella 106 for ceiling elements, or mixed cut. The depth of the grooves and ledges in the profiled rack 99 for interfacing with the profiled liners 101, 102 adopted at least 0.5 thickness of the mating sections of the profiled liners 101, 102. Glue seams are parallel to the front surfaces of the rack and additionally profiled with compensation grooves 107 that cut facing the edges of the rack sections of the adhesive joint to a depth not less than the depth of the grooves for interfacing with the liners. The arrangement of the strip inserts 100, 103 is similar to the arrangement of the strip inserts 11, 12 in FIG. 5. The device profiled liners 101, 102 similarly to the device profiled liners 13 in FIG. 6. The profile of the struts 97, 98 is similar to the profile of the struts in FIG. 7. The reaction of a three-layer wall structure of three-lamellar racks to operational multidirectional changes in wood moisture is similar to the reaction of a three-layer structure of two-lamellar racks: an increase in the size of elements when swelling does not lead to dangerous deformations of the wall as a whole, arc-shaped deformations of liners and edge sections of front lamellas in tangential wood racks sawing and swelling and shrinking lead to compaction of the joints of adjacent surfaces of the grooves in the racks and inserts.

A three-layer wall construction with four-laminated glued posts is shown in FIG. 27-29. The wall structure consists of basement strapping elements 108, 109 (see FIG. 27) and Mauerlat elements 110, 111 arranged horizontally; the indoor layer of profiled racks 112, the street layer of profiled racks 113, the additional inner layer of profiled racks 114 located vertically and fixed to the binding of the foundation 109 and the Mauerlat 110 with a step exceeding the overall width of the racks by an amount sufficient to compensate for the largest moisture expansion during the one-year operation cycle profiled racks; inserts-strips 115 (see Fig. 28), interfaced with the grooves of the indoor layer of the uprights 112, inserts-strips 116 (see Fig. 28), interfaced with the grooves of the outdoor layer of the uprights 113, profiled inserts 117, paired with the grooves of the elements the indoor layer of the uprights 112 and the inner layer of the uprights 114, profiled liners 118, mated simultaneously with the grooves of the street layer of the uprights 113 and the inner layer of the uprights 114. The profile of the inner rack 114 is shown in FIG. 29; the stand 114 is formed of four lamellas: front lamellas 119 and 120 of a tangential cut, internal lamellas 121, 122 of a radial or mixed cut. The depth of the grooves and ledges in the rack 114 for interfacing with the profiled liners 117, 118 adopted at least 0.5 thickness of the mating sections of the profiled liners 117, 118. Glue seams are parallel to the front surfaces of the rack and additionally profiled with compensation grooves 123, cutting facing the edges of the rack sections adhesive seam to a depth not less than the depth of the grooves for interfacing with the liners. The device of the inserts-strips 115, 116 is similar to the device of the inserts-strips 11, 12 in FIG. 5. The device profiled liners 117, 118 similarly to the device profiled liners 13 in FIG. 6. The profile of the four-lamellar glued posts 112, 113 is similar to the profile of the posts in FIG. 8. The reaction of a three-layer wall structure with four-lamellar racks to operational multidirectional changes in wood moisture is similar to the reaction of a three-layer structure of two-lamellar racks: an increase in the size of elements when swelling does not lead to dangerous deformations of the wall as a whole, arc-shaped deformations of liners and edge sections of front lamellas in tangential wood racks sawing and when swelling and during shrinkage lead to compaction of the joints of adjacent surfaces of the grooves in the racks and inserts.

Additional versions of wall structures with increased heat transfer resistance and increased energy efficiency without increasing the material consumption of the wall in wood can be arranged using glued posts, in which additional internal air gaps are made, cutting adhesive joints in the middle part along the width of the profile of the posts.

In the drawings of FIG. 30-33 the profiles of glued posts with the number of slats from two to five for the outdoor and indoor layers of the wall structure are shown. Internal air gaps 124 are formed in the glued blanks after gluing the lamella blanks with pre-milled grooves. In the drawings of FIG. 34-37 depict horizontal sections of fragments of two-layer walls of glued posts of various thicknesses with internal air gaps. Interfaces and connections of elements in the walls; design reactions to operational multidirectional changes in wood moisture are similar to those described above.

In the drawings of FIG. 38-40 depict profiles of glued posts with the number of lamellas from two to four for an additional inner layer of the wall structure. Internal air gaps 124 are formed in the glued blanks after gluing the lamella blanks with pre-milled grooves. In the drawings of FIG. 41-43 depict the execution of three-layer walls with racks of various thicknesses. Interfaces and connections of elements in the walls; design reactions to operational multidirectional changes in wood moisture are similar to those described above.

The implementation of the invention (description of the installation sequence)

A description of the installation sequence is performed using an example of a two-layer wall structure with double-laminated glued posts, shown in FIG. 1-6; 14. A description of the mounting sequence is illustrated in FIG. 15-17.

Installation of a wooden structure is carried out on the foundation of a known structure, mainly reinforced concrete monolithic, in the following sequence of operations:

1. Attach the strapping elements 1 to the foundation 2 with known joints. Elements 1 should be located symmetrically to the axes of the walls 15.

2. Attach the strapping elements 3 to the strapping elements 1 along the inner contour of the elements 1 with known connections. The strapping elements 3 with pre-drilled holes for fasteners 9 with a predetermined project pitch must be installed so that in each wall to ensure coordination of the holes for the fastener 9 according to the design size, for example: size A13, A14 in the plan of FIG. 14 and in FIG. fifteen.

3. Wall mounting without corner joints (see Fig. 16a-16g).

- Attach the stand 8-C1 vertically (see FIG. 16a) to element 3 with connector 9 (not shown in FIG. 16).

- Attach the 8-C2 rack in an arbitrary place on the wall, which is a multiple of the rack steps from the 8-C1 rack.

- Attach the 4-C3 rack vertically to the element 3 with two connectors 5 (see Fig. 2). Insert the insert 13-B1 (see Fig. 16a) into the gap between the struts 8-C1 and 4-C3. Provide temporary two-coordinate fixation of the verticality of the rack 4-C3 by known technological devices, for example struts.

- Attach the 4-C4 stand next to the 8-C3 stand. Temporarily insert insert 13-B2 into the gap between the uprights 8-C2 and 4-C4. Provide temporary two-coordinate fixation of the verticality of the 4-C4 rack by known technological devices, for example struts.

- Fix the Mauerlat 6 over the posts 4 with the symbols 4-C3, 4-C4; to coordinate the holes for the fastener 9 according to size A13 in the plan of FIG. fourteen.

- Attach the upper ends of the struts 8-C1, 8-C2 to the Mauerlat 6 with connectors 10.

- Insert the 11-B3 insert into the 4-C2 rack.

- Insert the 12-B4 insert into the 8-C1 rack.

- Attach the stand 8-C5 (see Fig. 16b) with connector 9 to the harness 3, connector 10 to the Mauerlat 6.

- Attach stand 4-C6 to harness 3 and Mauerlat 6.

- Insert the insert 13-B5 into the gap between the uprights 8-C5 and 4-C6. Insert the inserts 11-B6 and 12-B7 into the grooves of the racks 4-C6, 8-C5.

- Repeat transitions 3.7-3.11 in the interval from rack 8-C1 to rack 8-C2.

- Temporarily dismantle the struts 8-C2 and 4-C4 (see Fig. 16c) with a liner.

- Complete the wall from corner to corner, incl. restore the installation of racks 8-C2 and 4-C4 (see Fig. 16 g).

4. Install the elements of “Wall 2” and subsequent walls without corners, similarly to “Wall 1”.

5. Carry out the installation of the elements in the corner joint in the following sequence of operations and transitions, illustrated by the notation in FIG. 17, namely:

- Insert the insert 11-UV1 in the rack 4 "Wall 2"

- Insert the insert 13-UV2 between the racks 4, 8 "Wall 2"

- Fasten the 4-US1 rack, reduced in width.

- Insert the insert 11-UV3 in the rack 4 "Wall 1"

- Insert the insert 13-UV4 between the racks 4, 8 "Wall 1"

- Secure the 4-US2 rack.

- Insert insert 12-UV5.

- Secure the rack 8-US3.

- Insert the 11-UV6 insert into the 4-US2 rack.

- Insert the insert 13-UV7 between the racks 4-US2, 8-US3.

- Fasten the 4-US4 rack, reduced in width.

- Insert the insert 12-UV8 into the rack 8 “Wall 2”

- Secure the rack 8-US5.

- Insert two tape PSUL pos. 125 in the grooves of the rack 8-US5.

- Insert the 12-UV9 insert into the 8-US3 rack.

- Fasten the 8-US6 rack, reduced in width.

- Secure corner platbands 126, 127.

6. Carry out the installation of the elements of the remaining corner joints as in paragraph 5.

The sequence of installation of wall structures of the remaining versions is similar to p. 1-6.

The effectiveness of the proposed invention is ensured during the installation and operation of wooden structures of residential buildings in the cold season by using the known significant features of the prototype and new significant features.

In the cold season, according to information known from open sources, the moisture content of the wood on the outer surface of the walls increases, and the wood moisture on the inner surfaces of the walls decreases compared to the level of 9-11% in the summer period. In the external, that is, from the street, structural elements of the wall, the property of swelling is manifested. In the internal, that is, from the heated rooms, structural elements, the property of shrinkage is manifested. A new set of all the features of the alleged invention provides, when operating the wall structure as part of a residential building, separate accounting and positive use of the effects of drying and swelling of wooden elements on the external and internal surfaces of the wall structure, namely:

- Fastening the profiled racks to the elements of the foundation strapping and to the Mauerlat elements with a step exceeding the overall width of the racks, provides a gap between the edges of the racks of each layer, sufficient to compensate for the greatest moisture expansion of the profiled racks in the outer layer. In the cold period with increased equilibrium moisture content of wood on the street, the joint work of the uprights of the outer layer occurs without tightly closing the edges of the adjacent uprights and eliminates the walls that are generally S-shaped in terms of deformation. Changes in wood moisture in the elements of the basement and Mauerlat strapping to which the posts are attached does not affect the step of the posts and the dimensions of the wall as a whole due to the small size changes in the direction along the wood fibers.

- Normalizing the depth of grooves in profiled racks for liner inserts of at least 0.5 of the width of liner inserts, together with the decision to use tangential cut wood for liner inserts and face lamellas of glued racks, ensures the joint work of swelling lamellas as part of profiled racks of the outer layer with swelling inserts-strips without tightly closing the edges transverse to the axis of the wall. This design prevents S-shaped in terms of wall deformation of the structures as a whole.

- The normalization of the depth of grooves in profiled racks for profiled inserts of at least 0.5 thickness of profiled inserts, together with the decision to use tangential cut wood for profiled inserts and face lamellas of racks, provides for swelling joint work of swelling profiled racks with swelling profiled inserts without tightly closing edges transverse to the axis of the wall. This design prevents S-shaped in terms of deformation of the wall as a whole.

- The manufacture of liners-strips of wood of tangential cut leads to the greatest possible, in comparison with mixed or radial cut, multidirectional arcuate deformation of liners-strips both with an increase in the equilibrium moisture content of the wood, and with a decrease in the equilibrium humidity. That is, in the cold season, arcuate deformations of swellable liners in the outer layer of racks and arcuate deformations of dry liners in the inner layer lead to elastic sealing of the joints on the grooves in profiled racks parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wall. The free placement of the liners in the grooves of the profiled racks does not interfere with the moisture deformation of the liners. The sealing of the joints of the parts parallel to the axis of the wall has a positive effect on reducing the blowability of the wall and reduces heat loss in the cold period.

- The manufacture of profiled inserts from tangential cut wood leads to the greatest possible, compared with mixed or radial cut, arcuate deformation of profiled inserts both with increasing equilibrium wood moisture and with decreasing equilibrium moisture. That is, in the cold season, arcuate deformations of profiled liners during shrinking or swelling will lead to elastic sealing of the joints on the groove surfaces in the profiled racks of the outer and inner layers. The free placement of profiled liners in the grooves of profiled racks does not prevent moisture deformation of the liners. The middle protrusions of the profiled liners serve to separate the air gap formed between the pillar layers into vertical compartments and prevent air convection in the air gaps inside the wall, which reduces heat loss in the cold period.

- The presence of compensation grooves on the edges of the profiled liners during swelling contributes to greater elastic compliance of the arcuate-deformed sections of the liner after their contact with the grooves of the racks, which ensures effective closure of the protrusions of the liners with the grooves of the racks. The presence of compensation grooves on the edges of the profiled liners during drying helps to push apart the deformable sections of the liners along the wall axis, which ensures contact of the extreme protrusions of the profiled liners with the grooves of the racks. In general, during shrinkage and swelling, the protrusions of the profiled liners are mated with the grooves of the racks without the risk of S-shaped deformations of the wall as a whole, with a moderately dense elastic contact of the mating surfaces.

- The manufacture of profiled racks from glued beams, at least two-lamellar, the adhesive joints of which are parallel to the visible surfaces of the walls and additionally profiled with compensation grooves that cut the sections of the adhesive joints facing the edges of the racks to a depth not less than the depth of the grooves for interfacing with the liners, ensures the stability of the shape of the beam in areas of adhesive joints. The manufacture of face lamellas from tangential cut wood provides an arcuate deformation of the edge sections of the face lamellas, in which grooves for liners are profiled, both during shrinkage and swelling. That is, the effect of the elastic closure of the uprights with inserts on the surfaces of the grooves parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wall will be enhanced. The sealing of the joints of the parts parallel to the axis of the wall has a positive effect on reducing the blowability of the wall and reduces heat loss in the cold period. At the same time, the air gaps of the compensation grooves in the profiled racks are located across the direction of the heat flux, which increases the resistance of the wall to heat transfer.

- The device of chamfers on the edges of the liners, profiled liners and grooves in the racks ensures the collectability of the structure under moderate impact in bad weather conditions, when the swelling of the elements during storage of parts on the construction site before installation leads to deformation of the wall parts before installation and complicates installation .

- The design of profiled racks of glued beams with a greater than two, the number of lamellas provides the possibility of building wall structures with increased resistance to heat transfer and reduced energy consumption. At the same time, the remaining positive properties are similar to the properties of the design with two-lamellar racks.

- The execution of the corner joints of the walls with reduced in profile profiled racks in each wall makes it possible to arrange walls of arbitrary length not multiple of the pitch of the racks.

- Additional versions of the wall structure with an additional inner hidden layer of profiled racks provides the possibility of installing wall structures with increased heat transfer resistance and reduced energy consumption without changing the other positive properties of the structure.

- Additional versions of the wall structure with glued posts, in which additional internal air gaps are made, cutting adhesive joints at least in the middle part along the width of the rack, makes it possible to install wall structures with increased heat transfer resistance and reduced energy consumption without increasing material consumption and without changing other positive properties designs.

Thus, the effect of the application of the proposed invention is manifested in increasing operational reliability in various operating modes by eliminating the risk of deformation of the structure as a whole and in reducing heat loss through the wall by eliminating the risk of convection through the wall structure; and in additional reduction of heat loss through the wall structure by arranging a wall according to versions with glued racks with the number of lamellas more than two, or by arranging walls with three layers of glued profiled racks, or by arranging walls with glued racks in which additional internal air gaps are cut that cut the adhesive seams at least in the middle in the direction of the width of the rack profile.

Claims (4)

1. A wooden wall structure containing the elements of the basement strapping and Mauerlat elements located horizontally; profiled racks with longitudinal grooves, arranged vertically in two layers and fixed to the basement harness and to the Mauerlat; liners-slats, freely located in the grooves of adjacent elements of each layer of racks; profiled liners with protrusions freely located in the grooves of the two layers of racks so that closed air gaps are formed between the layers of the racks, divided along the length of the wall by the middle sections of the profiled liners, characterized in that in order to improve the technical and economic characteristics, the profiled racks are made of glued at least least two-lamellar beam, the adhesive joints of which are parallel to the visible surfaces of the walls and additionally profiled with compensation grooves that cut the back sections of adhesive joints to the edges of the uprights to a depth not less than the depth of the grooves for interfacing with the inserts; in profiled racks, the depth of the grooves for the liners is taken equal to at least 0.5 the width of the liners; and the depth of the grooves for profiled liners adopted at least 0.5 thickness of the profiled liners; profiled racks are fixed to the elements of the basement strapping and to the Mauerlat elements with a step exceeding the overall width of the racks by an amount sufficient to compensate for the maximum moisture expansion of the profiled racks during the one-year operation cycle; front lamels of glued profiled racks, liners and profiled liners are made of coniferous wood of tangential cut; in profiled liners on the edges, additional compensation grooves are made with a depth of not more than the width of the extreme protrusions associated with the grooves of the racks; chamfers are made on the edges of the liners, profiled liners and slots for mating with the liners in the profiled racks. 2. The wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that in the corner joints of walls of arbitrary length, at least one profiled pillar of each wall is made of reduced width. 3. The wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an additional inner hidden layer of profiled struts, fixed to the elements of the basement strapping and the Mauerlat, paired with visible profiled struts through profiled inserts with three extended sections. 4. The wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that in the glued profiled racks additional internal air gaps are made, cutting the adhesive seams at least in the middle part in the direction of the width of the rack profile.

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