RU2774367C1 - Wooden multilayer structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in housing construction. A wooden multilayer structure made in the form of a panel or a multilayer beam contains several layers of boards stacked one on top of the other and interconnected by main dowels installed in aligned holes located in each layer at a given distance from each other. In this case, the main pins are fixed with additional pins installed perpendicular to the main pins and passing through the main pins through each layer or in part of the layers of the boards. Variants of the design are proposed, in which, for example, the layers of boards are laid with gaps, which are filled with a soft fibreboard SWFBD.

EFFECT: creation of a reliable wooden multilayer structure, with increased fixation of the boards due to the use of additional pins, as well as an increase in thermal characteristics, material savings.

6 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in housing construction.

World experience shows that wooden housing construction is considered one of the most convenient, environmentally friendly and cheap technologies for building residential buildings.

To date, the most popular among the population who prefer to live in wooden houses are houses built from glued beams and solid beams. Moreover, glued laminated timber has recently become very popular and is gaining more and more supporters. In wooden housing construction, more than 30% of houses are built according to the technology using glued beams.

In addition, in recent years, the technology of building from multi-layered wooden panels is gaining more and more popularity.

A laminated wood panel house is made from boards that are cross stitched together, usually with glue, to form large panels that form the walls of the house.

Multilayer panel technologies are Cross Laminated Timber, X-LAM, Unipanel, Massiv-Holz-Mauer, Naturi technologies (see Internet).

The main advantages of multi-layer wooden panels are that houses built from them are not subject to shrinkage, they do not have the problem of eliminating gaps between numerous crowns, as in traditional wooden houses. It is possible to obtain panels of almost any thickness. With all this, the house of such panels remains completely wooden, since the walls in it consist exclusively of solid wood.

However, they also have disadvantages, which consist in the fact that the main individual blocks from which the house is formed are produced only in the factory and fastened already at the facility; when building a house, special equipment and professional skills of builders are required. In addition, their high cost is also important.

A well-known design of a wooden panel, containing stacked one on the other elements forming a shield, and interconnected by fasteners installed in aligned grooves located along the entire length of each element at a predetermined distance from each other, while the fasteners are made in the form of wooden solid dowels bearing a vertical load, and the longitudinal axes of the grooves and keys are located relative to the longitudinal axis of each element of the shield at an angle, the value of which is determined by the interval from 60 to 90 ° - RU 56423 U1, 2006

The disadvantages of the panel are as follows:

- in this design, free shrinkage of the materials used is possible, this causes instability of the panel density, that is, when the humidity changes, the panel will shrink or expand, which will lead to cracks and cold bridges, reducing the thermal insulation properties of the entire structure;

- the thickness of the panel is limited by the width of the beam, and the size of the available produced beam is up to 200 mm, which does not provide the necessary thermal insulation in accordance with modern requirements.

Known construction of the building, including the frame, walls, ceilings and roof, made of wood material and interconnected, and the frame of the building is made of timber, equipped with protrusions and grooves, and the walls and ceilings are made of multilayer, each layer is made of boards laid in one direction, while the boards of adjacent layers are laid in different directions and interconnected by dowels located at an angle to the surface of the boards, and the adjacent dowels are inclined in opposite directions, while the boards in contact with the beam are inserted into the groove or lie on the ledge of the beam, and all layers are additionally fastened with dowels, the outer layers are made flush with the beams, while the building is sheathed on the outside and inside with a single-layer or multi-layer sheathing made of boards - RU 140295 U1, 2013.

The disadvantages of multi-layer floors from boards in the building structure are as follows:

- installation of pins at an angle will not provide a tight fit of the parts and, thereby, will reduce the wind and heat protection properties of the entire structure;

- installation of dowels is carried out in tension, which leads to the need to hammer in dowels, this increases labor costs and the risk of damage to the dowel;

- the manufacture of dowels for this design requires high accuracy due to the need to install dowels in an interference fit, which increases the requirements for equipment for the manufacture of dowels.

Known wooden multilayer panel containing a root segment made of several layers of boards, cohesive along the edges, and two outer finishing layers, also made of cohesive boards along the edges, while the layers are made of tongue-and-groove boards, the layers of boards of the root segment of the panel are fastened together with wooden dowel joints with a certain pitch, at least part of the dowels crosses all the layers of the boards of the root segment of the panel through and through at an angle to the normal of the layers, and the root segment and the outer finishing layers of the panel are connected using key joints, and the dowels correspond in shape to the shape of the key grooves, made on the outer surfaces of the boards of the root segment and on the inner surface of the outer finishing layer, oriented perpendicular or parallel to the direction of the fibers of the boards and having a trapezoid shape in cross section with a large base located in the body of the layer - RU 92053 U1, 2010

Disadvantages of the known panel:

- the connection of the root segment with the outer finishing layers using keyed connections complicates the design of the panels, because a special shape of the keys is required, corresponding to the shape of the keyways of the outer surfaces of the root segment boards and the inner surface of the outer finishing layer;

- technological complexity and rise in the cost of the final product, because the formation of panels requires a lot of labor.

The closest analogue is a device in accordance with the method of forming a wooden multilayer panel or a multilayer beam made of several layers of boards, in which the layers are formed by sequentially building up the layers of the boards, holes are drilled at an angle to the normal of the layers, and then the layers of the boards are fixed through the holes using pins, which are placed at an angle to the normal through the layers, drill holes at an angle of 3-70 degrees. to the layer normal, after which layers of boards are fixed through the holes with the help of dowels - RU 2742531 C1, 2021

Disadvantages of the known panel design:

In the pairwise-cross arrangement of the dowels in the prototype, it is necessary to install long dowels, which leads to greater wear of the tool for making holes, because jamming of the tool on wide beams is possible and, as a result, an increase in material and financial costs, tk. dowels are made larger than the hole and go into tension, so their installation is possible with a sledgehammer or other mechanized tool, which does not exclude the appearance of chips and cracks.

In the prototype, it is impossible to design a multilayer panel or beam with air gaps, which allows you to increase thermal performance and save on material, because. this can lead to the appearance of instability of the structure, and, ultimately, does not allow subsequently profiling the resulting beam.

In connection with these shortcomings, the technical problem solved by the invention is to create a reliable wooden multilayer structure made in the form of a panel or beam containing layers with increased fixation of the boards due to the use of additional dowels, as well as to increase thermal characteristics, save material and reduce labor costs.

This problem is solved in a wooden multilayer structure, made in the form of a panel or beam, containing several layers of boards stacked one on top of the other and connected to each other by the main dowels installed in the combined holes located in each layer, on a given distance from each other, while the main dowels are fixed by additional dowels installed perpendicular to the main dowels and passing through the main dowels in each layer or in part of the layers.

Particular design solutions are proposed, consisting of the following:

- layers of boards are stacked tightly;

- used profiled boards;

- layers of boards are stacked with gaps;

- the gaps between the layers of the boards are filled with soft fibreboard MDVP;

- the holes in the outer boards are not through.

The device is illustrated in the figures, where in Fig. 1 shows a top view of a panel of layers of wood planks stacked tightly; in fig. 2, 3 - side view of this panel in cross sections of the places of installation of the main dowels and their fixation with additional dowels; in fig. 4 - enlarged image of the mount (E in figure 2); in fig. 5 - image of a layered section of a panel of densely packed boards; in fig. 6 - isometry of a beam from layers using profiled boards; in fig. 7 shows a front view of this beam; in fig. 8 shows a view in sections A-A (according to Fig. 7) of the installation sites of the main dowels and their fixation with additional dowels in a beam with profiled boards; in fig. 9 - isometry of a multilayer beam with laying layers with gaps; in fig. 10 shows a top view of a beam with gaps; in fig. 11 is a view in sections B-B, C-C, G-D (according to Fig. 10) of the installation sites of the main dowels and their fixation with additional dowels of the beam with gaps.

The wooden multilayer panel 1 contains several layers of boards 2 stacked one on top of the other and connected to each other by the main dowels 3 installed in the combined holes located in each layer, on given distance from each other. The main pins 3 pass through the layers of boards 2 of the entire panel 1, fixing them tightly and securely with the help of additional pins 4 installed perpendicular to the main pins 3 and passing through the main pins 3. Similarly, a connection is made in a multilayer beam 5.

The connection with pins 3, 4 is shown in Fig. 2, 3 and enlarged sectional views in Figs. 4, 8, 11. Here in FIG. 2 shows a section A-A, B-B, C-B of panel 1, in Fig. 3 – section G-D, D-D of panel 1. These sections show the preferred location of the main dowels 3: diagonally to each other, which increases the reliability of fastening.

Options for fixing the main dowels 3 additional dowels 4 are fastening both in each layer of panel 1 or beam 5, and in some of the layers.

Installation of additional dowels 4 perpendicular to the main dowels 3 is optimal to achieve the result of fastening reliability, but the location of additional dowels 4 in relation to dowels 3 is possible, for example, within 80-100 degrees. In this case, the effect of fastening reliability can be preserved without reducing the strength of the entire structure.

As in the case of a perpendicular arrangement of pins 3 and 4, so in the case of fixing the pin 3 with an additional pin 4 at an angle, its partial entry into the pin 3 will retain the strength of the structure.

In FIG. 1, 2, 3, 5 shows the dense laying of boards 2 in panel 1, in Fig. 6, 8, - the use of profiled boards in timber 5, i.e. boards made with grooves 6.

This design increases the thermal insulation properties of the timber (panel), while maintaining the structural strength of the product and minimizing the possibility of condensation inside the timber.

In FIG. 9, 10, 11 shows the design and fastening of dowels 3, 4 in a multilayer beam 5 with laying layers with gaps 7. At the same time, the thermal characteristics of the structure are improved: such laying of layers of boards 2 increases the thermal insulation properties of beam 5, making it possible to increase its thermal characteristics and save on material.

When laying layers of boards 2 with gaps 7, the latter can be filled with soft fiber board (MDF), which further increases the thermal characteristics of panel 1 or timber 5 while saving the construction material - boards 2.

In FIG. 5, in the image of the layered section of panel 1, there are not through holes in the outer boards 8 on the front side, which gives the outer sides of the panel 1 a more aesthetic appearance, without visible exits of the dowels 3, which are covered with the upper and/or lower layer of the boards 2.

In the proposed designs, the main pin 3 corresponds to the size of the hole for its fixation, there is no need to make the pin 3 larger than the hole for it, so the installation of the pin 3 is done manually without much effort, and fixation with the help of additional pins 4, followed by an increase in the size of the pins 3, 4 due to the collection of moisture from the wood of the boards, it creates the reliability of fastening the panel. Such installation of dowels 3 and 4 reduces labor costs when assembling panel 1 and beam 5, allowing the use of small dowels, which does not lead to rapid tool wear when making holes for dowels due to the possibility of it jamming on wide beams.

For example, with a beam width of 20 cm, the drilling depth in the proposed panel

is 19.2 cm, while with an angular or cross arrangement of dowels, the depth of the hole is more than 30 cm.

Such a rigid fixation of the layers of boards 2 together with the main dowels 3 and additional dowels 4 increases the strength characteristics of the structure, because the strength of the panel is less dependent on the change in the size of the dowels 3, 4 and boards 2 as a result of lowering and increasing humidity.

The proposed wooden multilayer structure has the following advantages.

Increased strength characteristics due to more rigid fixation of the boards due to the use of additional dowels.

Improved thermal performance due to the possibility of installing boards in layers with an air gap and with the option of filling the gaps between the layers with soft fiberboard MDVP. This also saves on material.

Reduced material and financial costs due to the possibility of using pins of small sizes, which does not lead to rapid wear of the tool when making holes for pins due to the possibility of it jamming on wide beams.

Reduced labor costs when installing dowels, because the dowel is the same size as the hole, and its installation is done by hand without much effort.

The design does not require the manufacture of predetermined sizes of dowels: here it is possible to use fixing dowels that are commercially available.

The increased aesthetics of the panel is due to the possibility of its manufacture without "patches" - traces of dowels that occur when the dowel enters the surface of the beam from one or both sides. When manufacturing a beam using the technology of cross-located dowels, this cannot be done.

Claims (6)

1. A wooden multilayer structure made in the form of a panel or a bar, containing several layers of boards stacked one on top of the other and interconnected by the main dowels installed in the combined holes located in each layer, at a given distance from each other, characterized in that the main pins are fixed with additional pins installed perpendicular to the main pins and passing through the main pins in each layer or in part of the layers. 2. Wooden multilayer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the layers of boards are stacked tightly. 3. Wooden sandwich construction according to paragraphs. 1, 2, characterized in that profiled boards are used. 4. Wooden multilayer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the layers of boards are stacked with gaps. 5. A wooden multilayer structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the gaps between the layers of the boards are filled with soft fiberboard MDVP. 6. Wooden multilayer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes in the outer boards are made non-through.

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