RU2742531C1 - Method of forming wooden multilayer panel or multilayer bar - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, namely to a method of making wooden panels or beams used in housing construction. Method of forming a wood multilayer panel or multilayer bar made of several plies of boards, in which layers are formed by successively increasing layers, which are then compacted by squeezing the panel or beam perpendicularly to the boards by applying the press on the panel or beam in the places of planned arrangement of nagels. Then, holes are drilled nearby the press at angle of 3-70 degrees to normal of layers of boards, then through holes fixing layers of boards by means of nagels, then press is removed.EFFECT: reduced labor input during panel manufacturing.4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in housing construction.

World experience shows that wooden housing construction is considered one of the most convenient, environmentally friendly and cheap technologies for the construction of residential buildings.

Today, the most popular among the population are houses made of solid wood - timber, since they are perceived by consumers as environmentally friendly and budgetary structures that can last a long time. The share of massive houses currently accounts for 70% of all wooden housing construction in Russia.

However, in recent years, construction technology from multilayer wooden panels is gaining more and more popularity.

A laminated timber house is created from cross-stitched planks that are usually glued together to form large panels from which the walls of the house are formed.

Multilayer panel technologies are Cross Laminated Timber, X-LAM, Unipanel, Massiv-Holz-Mauer, Naturi (see Internet).

The main advantages of multilayer wood panels are that houses built from them are not subject to shrinkage, they do not have the problem of eliminating gaps between numerous crowns, as in traditional wooden houses. It is possible to obtain panels of almost any thickness. With all this, a house made of such panels remains completely wooden, since the walls in it consist exclusively of solid wood.

However, they also have the disadvantages that the main individual blocks from which the house is formed are produced only in the factory and are fastened already at the facility; when building a house, special equipment and professional skills of builders are required. In addition, their high cost is also important.

Known designs of panels made of one material - wood, for example, a wooden lumber panel consisting of beams fastened with ties passed through the aligned holes in the beams, the ties are made in the form of solid wood or sectional pins of a square or round shape, while the ratio of the diameter of the pins to the width of the bar is (0.1-0.8) / 1 and the sectional pins are located between the bars in a checkerboard pattern in relation to the joints of the bars - RU 2103455 C1, 1998

The disadvantages of the panel are as follows:

- in this structure, free shrinkage of the timber is possible, this causes instability of the panel density, that is, when the humidity changes, the panel will shrink or expand, which will lead to cracks and cold bridges, reducing the thermal insulation properties of the entire structure;

- the thickness of the panel is limited by the width of the timber, and the size of the available timber produced is up to 200 mm, which does not provide the necessary thermal insulation in accordance with modern requirements.

The closest analogue is a method of forming a wooden multilayer panel containing a root segment made of several layers of boards rallied along the edges, and two outer finishing layers also made of boards rallied along the edges, while the layers are made of grooved boards, layers of boards of root panel segments are fastened to each other with wooden dowel joints with a certain pitch, at least part of the dowels intersects all layers of the boards of the root segment of the panel through and through at an angle to the normal of the layers, and the root segment and the outer finishing layers of the panel are connected using key joints, and the dowels are shaped correspond to the shape of the keyways made on the outer surfaces of the boards of the root segment and on the inner surface of the outer finishing layer, oriented perpendicularly or parallel to the direction of the fibers of the boards and having a trapezoidal cross-section with a large base located in the body of the layer; in particular, the layers can be made of wood dried to a moisture content of 10 to 18%. - RU 92053 U1, 2010

The disadvantages of the known technology are as follows:

- the connection of the root segment with the outer finishing layers by means of key joints complicates the design of the panels, because a special shape of the keys is required, corresponding to the shape of the keyways of the outer surfaces of the boards of the root segment and the inner surface of the outer finishing layer;

- technological complexity and rise in the price of the final product, because the formation of panels is labor intensive.

In connection with the above disadvantages, the technical problem solved by the invention consists in creating a simple method for forming a wooden multilayer panel or multilayer bar from boards tightly connected to each other, while without the use of grooved boards and additional dowels for compaction of layers, which simplifies the technology.

This problem is solved in the method of forming a wooden multilayer panel or a multilayer bar made of several layers of boards, in which the layers are formed by sequentially building up layers of boards, which are then compacted by squeezing the panel or timber perpendicular to the boards by applying a press to the panel or timber in the places of the planned location dowels, then holes are drilled next to the press at an angle of 3-70 degrees. to the normal of the layers, after which the layers of the boards are fixed through the holes with the help of pins, then the press is removed.

In this case, the boards in layers when forming a multilayer panel are laid at an angle of 0-90 degrees, and when forming a multilayer bar they are laid in parallel.

After fixing all layers with pins, the panel or timber can be milled or polished to obtain the desired dimensions and surface quality.

The method is illustrated in the drawings, where FIG. 1 shows an initial panel of wood plank layers - a stepped section; FIG. 2 shows the compaction of layers by squeezing the panel perpendicular to the boards by applying a press to the panel - P - in places the planned location of the pins, in Fig. 3 - drilling holes at an angle α (3 - 70 degrees) to the normal of the layers in the places of the planned location of the dowels, Fig. 4 - fixation of plank layers in a compressed state (under pressure) with the help of pins, in Fig. 5 is a view of a panel fastened with pins.

The wood sandwich panel shown in FIG. 1, consists of parallel layers of boards 1 and parallel layers of boards 2, laid or at an angle of 0 degrees. (boards 1), or at an angle of 90 degrees. (boards 2). The formation of parallel layers of boards is carried out in such a way that each board of the first layer of parallel boards overlaps the joint of the boards in the second layer, and vice versa, the boards of the second layer overlap the joints of the first layer.

It is also possible to lay the boards, in which the boards of one even layer are placed at an angle to the boards of the odd layer.

The formation of a panel from a bar is carried out in the same way, while the joints of the joints should be overlapped by a bar in a parallel layer.

Tongue or beveled boards can be used to increase the density of the resulting panel. Layers of boards are stacked in the amount necessary to form the desired thickness of the panel or timber.

The compaction of the layers of the boards 1, 2 by squeezing the panel perpendicular to the boards by applying a press 3 to the panel in the places of the planned location of the pins is shown in Fig. 2. Squeezing is carried out using a press 3, the pressure P is determined depending on the density of the wood and should ensure a tight fit of boards 1, 2 layers without deformation of the outer side of the boards of the front layer.

Any known device capable of performing the pressing function can be used as a press.

In a compressed state, i.e. when the layers of boards 1, 2 are under the press 3, holes 4 are drilled (shown in Fig. 3 with drills 5) at an angle of 3 - 70 degrees. to the normal of the layers of the boards 1, 2, and the layers are fixed by means of pins 6 placed in the holes 4 (shown in Fig. 4). The angle of drilling holes 4 is selected depending on the thickness of the panel and the material of the boards 1, 2.

With a decrease in the angle of holes 4 less than 3 degrees, the fixation of the layers in a given position deteriorates, causing the likelihood of delamination of the panel when an insignificant force occurs.

With an increase in the angle of holes 4 more than 70 degrees, the expediency of using just such an attachment is lost, since the pins are inserted into the panel almost horizontally, and the fixation in this case is insufficient.

Pins 6 are inserted into holes 4 and pass all layers of boards 1, 2 of the entire panel, tightly fixing them (Fig. 4). Blind drilling of holes 4 in the outer layer is possible to accommodate the pins 6 without leaving them outside. Such drilling additionally increases the thermal insulation properties of the structure, and also gives one side of the structure a more aesthetic appearance without visible outputs of the pins 6. The preload of the pins 6 is determined from the condition of maximum reliability of the structure, while the formation of cracks in the boards 1, 2 is unacceptable when installing the pins 6.

After fixing the layers of boards 1, 2 with pins 6 and removing the press 3, the panel is machined from all sides to obtain the outer dimensions and the required surface quality, obtaining the panel shown in Fig. five.

The outputs of the pins 6 are removed using specialized equipment,

It is possible to grind the surface on both sides using appropriate equipment. Painting is done if necessary.

The proposed method of forming a wooden multilayer panel or multilayer bar in comparison with known methods has the following advantages.

Increased reliability in operation due to the use of pressing boards, which leads to a high density of the panel, increasing its service life.

Profitability, because does not require the use of specially treated (for example, grooved) boards.

Ease of operation, which is due to the fact that the assembly of boards in layers

can be performed by mid-level specialists without high professional knowledge and skills directly at the customer's site.

Through the use of the proposed method of forming a wooden multilayer panel or timber, in which a press is used as a means of sealing, and pins are used as fixing, we get an environmentally friendly panel only from wood, without the use of glue and metal joints.

Claims (4)

1. A method of forming a wooden multilayer panel or a multilayer bar made of several layers of boards, in which the layers are formed by sequential build-up of layers of boards, holes are drilled at an angle to the normal of the layers, and then through the holes the layers of boards are fixed using pins, which are placed at an angle to the normal through the layers, characterized in that after the formation of the panel or timber, the layers of the boards are compacted by squeezing the panel or timber perpendicular to the boards by applying a press to the panel or timber in the places of the planned location of the pins, then holes are drilled next to the press at an angle of 3-70 degrees. to the normal of the layers, after which through the holes, the layers of the boards are fixed with pins, then the press is removed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the boards in layers during the formation of a multilayer panel are laid at an angle of 0-90 degrees. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the boards in layers are laid in parallel during the formation of a multilayer bar. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after fixing all the layers with dowels, the panel or timber is milled or polished to obtain the desired dimensions and surface quality.

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