WO2019085380A1 - 用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统及方法 - Google Patents

用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019085380A1
WO2019085380A1 PCT/CN2018/080642 CN2018080642W WO2019085380A1 WO 2019085380 A1 WO2019085380 A1 WO 2019085380A1 CN 2018080642 W CN2018080642 W CN 2018080642W WO 2019085380 A1 WO2019085380 A1 WO 2019085380A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
measuring
connecting rod
ruler
component
analysis
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PCT/CN2018/080642
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于海洋
陈昭昭
陈曦
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四川大学
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Application filed by 四川大学 filed Critical 四川大学
Priority to DE112018005085.8T priority Critical patent/DE112018005085T5/de
Priority to US16/327,895 priority patent/US11672634B2/en
Priority to KR1020207014721A priority patent/KR102436988B1/ko
Publication of WO2019085380A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019085380A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
    • A61C19/04—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry
    • A61C19/05—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry for determining occlusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
    • A61B5/4538—Evaluating a particular part of the muscoloskeletal system or a particular medical condition
    • A61B5/4542—Evaluating the mouth, e.g. the jaw
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
    • A61B5/4538—Evaluating a particular part of the muscoloskeletal system or a particular medical condition
    • A61B5/4542—Evaluating the mouth, e.g. the jaw
    • A61B5/4547—Evaluating teeth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
    • A61C19/04—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C9/00—Impression cups, i.e. impression trays; Impression methods
    • A61C9/004—Means or methods for taking digitized impressions
    • A61C9/0046—Data acquisition means or methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
    • A61B2034/101—Computer-aided simulation of surgical operations
    • A61B2034/105—Modelling of the patient, e.g. for ligaments or bones
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/10—Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
    • A61B2034/108—Computer aided selection or customisation of medical implants or cutting guides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of oral implant restoration spatial analysis, in particular to a measurement system and method for spatial analysis of oral implant restoration.
  • Dental implants are favored by patients with missing teeth because they do not damage natural teeth, have high comfort and good aesthetic effects. They are also one of the important means to repair lost teeth.
  • the development of oral implant technology has been more than 40 years old. In the continuous development, clinicians and scholars gradually explore more scientific and rational treatment plans and techniques through case accumulation and experimental research, which makes the postoperative success rate of dental implants gradually improve.
  • the most commonly used implants currently consist of two parts, including the implant in the jaw and the upper restoration in the mouth. At the same time, the concept of oral implant restoration has also shifted from “surgical-oriented” to “repair-oriented”. However, while a large number of dental implants are used in clinical treatment, related complications continue to emerge.
  • the intraoral analysis is highly dependent on the doctor's experience, and is susceptible to errors caused by factors such as angle and line of sight, and often misses the patient's opening degree (maximum opening, up and down
  • the vertical distance between the edges of the central incisors and the occlusion distance (the vertical distance between the upper surface of the implant and the upper jaw when the upper and lower teeth are in contact with the upper and lower teeth), which leads to problems such as difficulty in repairing later.
  • the model analysis firstly prepares the dentition model by performing the female mold on the dentition, injecting the gypsum into the female mold, and then measuring the part to be repaired. Due to the irregular shape of the dentition model to be repaired, it is difficult to operate with a ruler, the operation process is cumbersome and the measurement accuracy is not good. After the measurement, it is often necessary to rely on experience to perform secondary processing on the data.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a measurement system for spatial analysis of oral implant restoration, which uses a measurement module that is simple in structure, simple in use, accurate in measurement data, and capable of accurately and quickly measuring a specific space of a portion to be repaired.
  • the feature provides a basis for the design of key parameters such as implant size, implantation position or shape and structure of the upper restoration, and solves the problem that the current intraoral and model space analysis relies on clinical experience and lacks accurate and efficient measurement means;
  • a measurement method for spatial analysis of oral implant restoration is also provided.
  • a measurement system for spatial analysis of oral implant restorations comprising: a first measurement component for measuring opening and multiple missing teeth gaps, a second measuring component for measuring a single missing tooth gap and a occlusal distance, and for measuring A third measuring component that passes through the depth, the first measuring component, the second measuring component, and the third measuring component each include a connecting rod and a measuring head disposed at an upper end of the connecting rod.
  • the measuring head of the first measuring component has a "convex" shape, including a first square ruler and a second square ruler, the length of the first square ruler being greater than the length of the second square ruler
  • the lower end of the first square ruler is connected to the upper end of the connecting rod, and the upper end is connected to the lower end of the second square ruler.
  • the longitudinal direction of the first square ruler and the longitudinal direction of the second square ruler are perpendicular to the direction of the connecting rod, and the front surface of the upper end of the second square ruler is provided with a scale along the length direction.
  • the first measurement component in this program can be used for routine implant surgery and digital guide plate implant surgery. According to the two surgical requirements, the length of two square rulers is preset to facilitate direct comparison.
  • the measuring head When the patient has the largest mouth opening, the measuring head is erected in the patient to be repaired area, the first square ruler and the second square ruler are placed vertically, and the lower end of the second square ruler is vertically contacted with the patient to be repaired, and the upper end is not blocked by the jaw tooth. If the opening height is greater than the length of the second square ruler, the patient's implant operation space meets the requirements for routine implant surgery; otherwise, the implant operation space is insufficient, and the patient is not suitable for routine implant surgery; likewise, the first square ruler is used.
  • the lower end is vertically in contact with the patient to be repaired, and the other end is not blocked by the jaw teeth, indicating that the opening height is greater than the length of the first square ruler, and the patient's implantation operation operation space satisfies the requirements for performing digital guide plate implantation surgery; otherwise, the patient is not suitable Digital guide plate implant surgery.
  • the first measuring ruler can directly measure the maximum opening degree of the patient, it is possible to easily and accurately determine whether the operating space during the operation is sufficient, and to avoid the consequences of the surgical instrument being blocked and inoperable due to visual misjudgment.
  • the first measuring component in the solution can also be used for determining the number and position of implants with multiple missing teeth.
  • the operator When using, the operator holds the first measuring component, and the scaled side faces up, and the second square ruler The side edge is close to the adjacent side of the natural tooth near the gap side.
  • the scale on the front of the second square ruler to measure the position of the center of the future implant, it is very convenient to carry out the comparison of the missing tooth gap and the auxiliary operator.
  • the first measurement component can be used for both the opening measurement of conventional implant surgery and digital guide plate implantation, as well as the number and position determination of multiple missing implants. It can be used more than one foot, avoiding the use of multiple tools, not only easy to carry and Storage, and effectively save resources and costs.
  • the measuring head of the second measuring component comprises a first measuring ruler and a second measuring ruler, the lower end of the second measuring ruler is connected with the upper end of the connecting rod; the first measuring ruler and the second measuring ruler are mutually Vertical, and one end of the first measuring ruler is connected to the side of the connecting rod.
  • the second measuring ruler includes a first measuring portion, a second measuring portion, and a third measuring portion that are sequentially connected to the bottom, and the first measuring portion, the second measuring portion, and the third measuring portion are both rectangular plates and The width is sequentially decreased, and the lower end of the first measuring portion is connected to the upper end of the connecting rod. It is preferable that the first measurement unit, the second measurement unit, and the third measurement unit have the same height in the vertical direction, and the width is set in advance according to the constant lower anterior width and the constant molar width. The direction in which the second measuring rule is inclined coincides with the direction of the upper end of the connecting rod.
  • the second measuring ruler can be used for measuring the missing tooth gap of a single tooth.
  • the distance between the most convex points of the adjacent side of the adjacent tooth of the adjacent tooth to be repaired is measured by the second measuring ruler, and the ratio can be passed through the comparison.
  • the measurement department judges whether or not the implant restoration can be performed and the appropriate restoration is selected, and the missing tooth gap analysis of the single tooth deletion can be performed simply and directly, and the error caused by the visual inspection can be eliminated.
  • the first measuring ruler includes a sixth measuring part, a fourth measuring part, and a fifth measuring part that are sequentially connected, wherein the fifth measuring part is disposed away from the connecting rod, and the sixth measuring part is connected away from one end of the fourth measuring part. On the side of the upper end of the connecting rod.
  • the fifth measuring part and the fourth measuring part are both rectangular plates and the width of the fifth measuring part is smaller than the fourth measuring part.
  • the first measuring ruler in the solution can be used for the occlusion distance check, and the sizes of the fifth measuring part, the fourth measuring part and the sixth measuring part are preset according to the distance between the jaws, and when the measuring, the operator holds the second measuring component, The patient is occluded so that the upper and lower teeth are in the most extensive and tight contact. The first measuring ruler is used for the comparison. If the fourth measuring part can pass, the distance between the jaws is large, and the upper restoration can be selectively bonded.
  • the measuring head of the third measuring component comprises a ruler; the lower end of the ruler is connected to the upper end of the connecting rod, and the length direction of the ruler is the same as the orientation of the connecting rod, the ruler is A scale is provided along the length direction.
  • the third measuring component in the present solution can be used as a space analysis for oral implant repair to measure the depth of penetration in the model analysis or in the patient's mouth. After the final model of the patient is prepared, the operator holds the third measuring component and attaches the tip of the ruler tightly.
  • the upper edge of the body is measured by the scale, and the depth of penetration of the abutment is determined according to the depth of the tip, that is, the depth of the ruler, and can be further marked as a red area by 3-4 mm (ideal depth) from the tip of the scale.
  • the color can be used to visually judge the depth of penetration and whether it is necessary to make a personalized abutment without further identifying the specific scale, further shortening the operation time.
  • the connecting rod includes an upper connecting rod, a middle connecting rod and a lower connecting rod which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein: in a right angle three-dimensional coordinate system, the lower end of the lower connecting rod is placed at the origin o, the lower connecting rod is placed on the positive half shaft of the y-axis, and the middle connecting rod is inclined toward the negative half-axis of the z-axis, so that the middle connecting rod and the lower connecting rod form an angle A on the yz plane; the lower end of the upper connecting rod is connected to the lower part
  • the connecting rod has an upper end inclined to the positive half-axis direction of the z-axis and an angle B formed in the yz plane with the middle connecting rod.
  • the teeth are located in the cavity.
  • the angle B of the middle and upper connecting rods on the yz plane is favorable for the measuring ruler to cross the lip to reach the area to be repaired (
  • the lips are located in the recess formed at the angle B between the middle connecting rod and the upper connecting rod, and the ruler is not blocked; and the middle connecting rod and the lower connecting rod form an angle A on the yz plane, so that the measurer The hand is not at the same level as the working end of the measuring ruler but on the lower plane, avoiding the occlusion of the measuring area by the tissue outside the repairing area, which facilitates accurate data collection and recording, wherein the angle A and the angle are included.
  • the degree of B can be between 120° and 135°.
  • the middle connecting rod is also inclined toward the positive half or negative axis of the x-axis, so that the middle connecting rod and the upper connecting rod form an angle C with the y-axis on the xy plane, the angle C
  • the angle is between 120°-180° and not equal to 180°, that is, an angle is formed between the upper connecting rod and the y-axis, and the angle is not more than 60°. Since the corner of the mouth tends to block the measuring scale when measuring the deep area to be repaired in the oral cavity, in the technical solution, the angle of the middle connecting rod and the upper connecting rod on the xy plane allows the working end of the measuring rod to penetrate the oral cavity across the corner of the mouth. Deep, it can reduce the blockage of the corner of the mouth, which is conducive to accurate data collection and recording.
  • the invention also provides a measuring method for spatial analysis of oral implant restoration, which is analyzed by the above-mentioned measuring system for spatial analysis of oral implant repair, the measuring method comprising an intraoral analysis measuring step and/or a model analyzing measuring step;
  • the intraoral measurement analysis includes a measuring step of an operation space, a missing tooth gap measuring step for a single tooth, a number of implants in which a plurality of teeth are continuously missing, a position determining step, and a occlusion distance checking step;
  • the pre-operative model analysis includes a missing tooth gap measuring step for a single tooth missing, a number of consecutive missing implants and a position determining step, a bite distance checking step, and a piercing depth measuring step;
  • the second measuring component is used to measure the distance between the adjacent surface bumps of the adjacent teeth of the two adjacent teeth of the patient to be repaired;
  • the second measurement component is used in the occlusion distance inspection step to measure the distance between the jaws of the patient.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • the first measuring component of the invention directly compares the maximum opening degree of the patient, and can easily and accurately determine whether the operating space during the operation is sufficient, and avoids the consequences of the surgical instrument being blocked and inoperable due to visual misjudgment;
  • the first measuring rule of the second measuring component of the invention directly compares whether the occlusal gap can be passed through the area to be repaired, and the occlusion distance check can be performed simply and directly, thereby effectively preventing the upper repair from being completed due to insufficient occlusion distance. Problem; and can provide an accurate and reliable basis for the choice of abutment retention (screw retention or adhesive retention);
  • the depth of penetration of the abutment can be determined according to the depth of the tip of the third measuring component that is not in the gum, and can be marked as a red region by 3-4 mm (ideal depth) from the tip of the scale.
  • the color can be used to visually judge the depth of penetration and whether it is necessary to make a personalized abutment without identifying the specific scale, further shortening the operation time;
  • the present invention realizes a series of intraoral and model analysis of a series of oral implant restoration spaces by using a combination of specific shapes and structures of three measurement components and utilizing direct comparison of specific portions thereof. Compared with visual inspection or ordinary ruler, the measurement is simpler and more accurate, and the spatial characteristics of the part to be repaired can be measured more efficiently.
  • the design of the implant size, the implantation position and the shape and structure of the upper restoration are provided. in accordance with.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a connecting rod
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first measuring component
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a second measuring component
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a third measuring component
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a first measuring component in Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a second measuring component in Embodiment 3.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the projection of the upper connecting rod and the middle connecting rod in the xz plane in the second embodiment.
  • a measurement system for spatial analysis of oral implant restorations comprising: a first measurement component for measuring opening and multiple missing teeth gaps, a second measuring component for measuring a single missing tooth gap and a occlusal distance, and for measuring a third measuring component that passes through the depth, the first measuring component, the second measuring component and the third measuring component each comprise a separate connecting rod and a measuring head disposed at the upper end of the connecting rod, that is, each measuring component has one
  • the connecting rod and one measuring head have different measuring heads of the three measuring components, and the connecting rods can be the same.
  • the shapes of the connecting rods of the three measuring components are the same.
  • the connecting rod 4 is a curved long rod, and includes a connecting rod body 4b, a connecting cylinder 4a and a hexagonal body 4c.
  • the hexagonal body 4c is a hexagonal prism with an upper end surface, a lower end surface and a cross section. In the form of a regular hexagon, the upper end surface of the hexagonal body 4c is connected to the lower end of the connecting rod body 4b, and the lower end surface of the hexagonal body 4c is connected to the upper end of the connecting cylinder 4a, and the axial direction of the connecting cylinder 4a is a vertical direction.
  • the connecting rod body 4b includes an upper connecting rod 4b3, a middle connecting rod 4b2 and a lower connecting rod 4b1 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom.
  • the lower connecting rod 4b1 is vertically arranged, and the upper connecting rod 4b3 and the middle connecting rod 4b2 are inclined to some extent.
  • the positive half-axis direction of the x-axis is the front and the negative half-axis direction is the rear
  • the positive half-axis direction of the y-axis is the upper and the negative half-axis direction is the lower
  • the negative half-axis direction of the z-axis is the left and the positive half-axis.
  • the middle connecting rod 4b2 is inclined to the left side of the lower connecting rod 4b1 so as to form an angle A with the middle connecting rod 4b2
  • the upper end of the upper connecting rod 4b3 is inclined to the right side with respect to the lower end thereof and is connected to the middle connecting rod
  • An angle B is formed between 4b2.
  • the lower end of the lower connecting rod 4b1 is connected to the upper end surface of the hexagonal body 4c.
  • the upper connecting rod 4b3, the middle connecting rod 4b2 and the lower connecting rod 4b1 have a square cross section.
  • the measuring head of the first measuring component has a "convex" shape, and includes a first square ruler 1a and a second square ruler 1b.
  • the lower end of the first square ruler 1a is connected to the first measuring component.
  • the upper ends of the upper connecting rods 4b3 of the rods 4 are connected, and the upper ends are connected to the lower ends of the second square feet 1b to form a "convex"-shaped structure.
  • the longitudinal direction of the first square rule 1a and the longitudinal direction of the second square rule 1b are perpendicular to the extending direction of the upper connecting rod 4b3.
  • the length L2 of the first square ruler 1a is greater than the length L1 of the second square ruler 1b, and the thickness and the width are the same as the second square ruler 1b.
  • the front face of the first square ruler 1a is located at the front of the second square ruler 1b.
  • the back surface of the first square ruler 1a and the back surface of the second square ruler 1b are on the same plane, so that the first square ruler 1a and the second square ruler 1b are all on the same plane, in fact, the first The square ruler 1a and the second square ruler 1b can be integrally formed into a uniform thickness.
  • the measuring head of the second component includes a first measuring rule 2a and a second measuring rule 2b; the first measuring rule 2a and the second measuring rule 2b are perpendicular to each other, and wherein the lower end of the second measuring rule 2b is connected
  • the upper end of the upper connecting rod 4b3 of the connecting rod 4 of the second assembly is connected in the same direction as the mounting direction of the upper connecting rod 4b3, that is, the angle between the second measuring scale 2b and the middle connecting rod 4b2 and the angle B
  • one end of the first measuring ruler 2a is connected to the side of the upper connecting rod 4b3 away from the middle connecting rod 4b2 and toward the inclined direction of the middle connecting rod 4b2, that is, the first measuring rule 2a is located on the left side of the upper connecting rod 4b3.
  • the right side of the first measuring ruler 2a is connected to the left side of the second extension rod 2c.
  • the second measuring ruler 2b includes a first measuring portion 2b1, a second measuring portion 2b2, and a third measuring portion 2b3 connected in order from bottom to top, a first measuring portion 2b1, a second measuring portion 2b2, and a third measuring portion 2b3 Both are rectangular plates and the width is sequentially decreased, and the lower end of the first measuring portion 2b1 is connected to the upper end of the upper connecting rod 4b3.
  • the first measuring ruler 2a includes a sixth measuring portion 2a1, a fourth measuring portion 2a2, and a fifth measuring portion 2a3 that are sequentially connected from right to left.
  • the fifth measuring portion 2a3 is disposed away from the upper connecting rod 4b3, and the sixth measurement One end (ie, the right end) of the portion 2a1 away from the fourth measuring portion 2a2 is connected to the left side surface of the upper connecting rod 4b3.
  • the fifth measuring portion 2a3 and the fourth measuring portion 2a2 are both rectangular plates and the width of the fifth measuring portion 2a3 is smaller than the fourth measuring portion 2a2, and the sixth measuring portion 2a1 is an isosceles trapezoidal plate whose long side is connected.
  • the fourth measuring unit 2a2 has a short side connected to the left side surface of the upper connecting rod 4b3.
  • the measuring head of the third assembly includes a ruler 3a; the lower end of the ruler 3a is connected to the upper end of the upper connecting rod 4b3 of the connecting rod 4, and the length direction of the scale 3a is the same as the orientation of the upper connecting rod 4b3. Both are inclined to the negative half-axis direction of x, and the ruler 3a is the same as the upper connecting rod 4b3.
  • the ruler 3a can be formed by the upper connecting rod 4b3 extending along its length, except that the width is smaller.
  • a scale is provided on the ruler 3a along the length direction.
  • the embodiment further improves the connecting rod 4:
  • the middle connecting rod 4b2 When the middle connecting rod 4b2 is inclined toward the negative half-axis direction of the z-axis, it is also inclined toward the negative half-axis direction of the x-axis, that is, inclined backward, so that the middle connecting rod 4b2 and the lower connecting rod 4b1 are still in the xy plane.
  • the angle of the angle C is between 120°-180° and not equal to 180°, that is, the angle between the middle connecting rod 4b2 and the positive half shaft of the y-axis is not more than 60°, in other words, the middle connecting rod 4b2 is also tilted back, with an angle of inclination of less than 60°.
  • the projection of the upper connecting rod 4b3 and the middle connecting rod 4b2 on the xy plane is as shown in Fig. 7, wherein 5 is a projection of the middle connecting rod 4b2 on the xz plane, and 6 is a projection of the upper connecting rod 4b3 on the xz plane.
  • the middle connecting rod 4b2 when the middle connecting rod 4b2 is inclined in the negative half-axis direction of the z-axis, it may be inclined toward the positive half-axis direction of the x-axis, that is, inclined rearward, and the angle is the same as this embodiment.
  • This embodiment is a further improvement of Embodiment 1 and provides a specific size for the measurement system for the spatial analysis of oral implant restoration of Example 1.
  • the connecting rods of the first measuring component, the second measuring component and the third measuring component are identical in structure and size. In other embodiments, the connecting rod size of one or more of the measuring components may be adjusted according to the needs of use.
  • the lower end of the connecting rod 4 is a connecting cylinder 4a having a length of 5 mm and a diameter of 3 mm
  • the joint between the connecting cylinder 4a and the connecting rod body 4b is a hexagon having a height of 2 mm and a side length of 2 mm
  • the connecting rod body 4b is a curved long rod, the cross section of which is a square with a side length of 3 mm, and the connecting rod body 4b is divided into three sections, which are "S", and the three sections are the upper connecting rod 4b3 and the middle connecting rod respectively. 4b2 and lower connecting rod 4b1.
  • the lower connecting rod 4b1 is upwardly arranged along the long axis direction of the connecting cylinder 4a, that is, vertically installed, the left connecting edge of the lower connecting rod 4b1 has a length x1 of 11 mm, the right edge length x2 is 12 mm, and the middle connecting rod 4b2 is biased to the left side.
  • the upper connecting rod 4b3 is biased to the right side, and
  • the middle connecting rod 4b2 forms an angle of 120°, that is, the angle B is 120°, the left side of the upper connecting rod 4b3 has a length x5 of 6 mm, and the right edge has a length x6 of 4 mm;
  • the measuring head is a "convex" shaped ruler
  • the second square ruler 1b has a length L1 of 33 mm, a width W1 of 7 mm, a thickness Z1 of 3 mm, and a front face along the length direction (ie, the direction of L1) in mm.
  • the scale is marked for the unit.
  • the surface displayed by the "convex" shaped ruler in Fig. 5 is the front side, that is, the plane ⁇ is the front side; the length L2 of the first square rule 1a is 43 mm, the width W2 is 7 mm, and the thickness Z2 is 3 mm.
  • the first square rule 1a and the second square rule 1b are on the same plane as the upper connecting rod 4b3 of the connecting rod 4.
  • the measuring head of the second measuring assembly is two approximately "convex" shaped feet (the first measuring rule 2a and the second measuring rule 2b, which are connected to the upper connecting rod 4b3 of the connecting rod 4).
  • the sixth measuring portion 2a1 of the first measuring ruler 2a has an inverted equilateral trapezoid, a long side length of 7 mm, a short side length of 3 mm, and a waist length of 3.6 mm;
  • the fifth measuring portion 2a3 has a rectangular shape and a long side length of 5 mm.
  • the short side length is 4 mm;
  • the fourth measuring portion 2a2 has a rectangular shape, the long side length y4 is 7 mm, and the short side length y5 is 4 mm.
  • the sixth measuring portion 2a1 may not be limited in shape and size in the present embodiment, and may be trapezoidal, rectangular or other shapes, and the size may be as long as it does not affect the measurement of the fourth measuring portion 2a2.
  • the second measuring portion 2b2 of the second measuring rule 2b has a rectangular shape, the long side length y2 is 7 mm, and the short side length is 4 mm; the first measuring portion 2b1 is rectangular and long.
  • the side length y1 is 10 mm, and the short side length y8 is 4 mm;
  • the third measuring portion 2b3 has a rectangular shape, the long side length y3 is 5 mm, and the short side length is 4 mm.
  • the long side lengths of the fifth measuring unit 2a3, the fourth measuring unit 2a2, the first measuring unit 2b1, the second measuring unit 2b2, and the first measuring unit 2b1 are the widths corresponding to the respective measuring units, and the short side lengths are the respective measurements.
  • the thickness y6 of the first measuring ruler 2a and the second measuring rule 2b is both 2 mm.
  • the sixth measuring unit 2a1, the fourth measuring unit 2a2, and the fifth measuring unit 2a3 may be integrally formed into a uniform thickness; the first measuring unit 2b1, the second measuring unit 2b2, and the third measuring unit 2b3 may also be It is integrally formed into a uniform thickness.
  • the ruler 3a at the upper end of the measuring head of the third measuring component is a "1"-shaped ruler.
  • Front view, the ruler 3a is 15mm long, 2mm wide and 1mm thick.
  • the first measurement component can be used for measuring opening degree and multiple missing teeth gaps in spatial analysis of oral implant restoration
  • the second measurement component can be used for spatial analysis of oral implant restoration
  • the third measuring component can be used for spatial analysis of oral implant restoration to measure the depth of penetration.
  • the measurement method includes an intraoral analysis measurement step and/or a model analysis measurement step;
  • the intraoral measurement analysis includes a measuring step of an operation space, a missing tooth gap measuring step for a single tooth, a number of implants in which a plurality of teeth are continuously missing, a position determining step, and a occlusion distance checking step;
  • the pre-operative model analysis includes a missing tooth gap measuring step for a single tooth missing, a number of consecutive missing implants and a position determining step, a bite distance checking step, and a piercing depth measuring step;
  • the second measuring component is used to measure the distance between the adjacent surface bumps of the adjacent teeth of the two adjacent teeth of the patient to be repaired;
  • the piercing depth is measured in the piercing depth measuring step using a third measuring component.
  • Conventional implant surgery The operator holds the first measurement component with the scaled side facing forward, and the patient's maximum opening, erecting the first measurement component to the patient's area to be repaired, and comparing the patient's maximum opening height. If the patient has the largest mouth opening, the second square ruler 1b of the first measuring component vertically contacts the patient to be repaired area, and the other end is not blocked by the jaw tooth, indicating that the opening height is greater than 33 mm, the patient's planting operation space is suitable for routine planting. Surgery requirements; otherwise, there is insufficient space for implant surgery, and patients are not suitable for routine implant surgery.
  • Digital guide plate implant surgery The operator holds the first measurement component with the scaled side facing forward, and the patient's maximum opening, erecting the first measurement component in the patient's area to be repaired, and comparing the patient's maximum opening height. If the patient opens the mouth at the maximum, the first square ruler 1a of the first measuring component vertically contacts the patient to be repaired zone, and the other end is not blocked by the jaw tooth, indicating that the opening height is greater than 43 mm, the patient's implant operation space is satisfied to be digitized. Guide plate implant surgery requirements; otherwise, patients are not suitable for digital guide plate implant surgery.
  • the second measuring ruler 2b of the second measuring component is divided into three widths, which are respectively 10 mm of the first measuring portion 2b1 located at the lower portion, and the second measuring portion 2b2 located at the middle portion 7 mm, located 5 mm of the upper third measuring portion 2b3.
  • the operator holds the second measuring component, and the patient has a large opening, and uses the second measuring ruler 2b to measure the distance between the most convex points of the neighboring faces of the adjacent teeth of the adjacent area to be repaired, if the lower first measuring part 2b1 can If it is passed, it means that the width of the missing tooth gap is greater than or equal to the average width of the permanent molars of 10 mm, and the large diameter (>4.5 mm) implant can be preferentially selected; if the lower first measuring portion 2b1 is not passable and the second measuring portion 2b2 of the middle portion is passable, The width of the permanent premolar with a gap width of 7 mm to 10 mm is indicated, and the standard diameter (3.5 to 4.5 mm) implant can be preferentially selected; if the second measuring portion 2b2 of the middle portion is not passable, the third measuring portion 2b3 of the upper portion can pass , the width of the anterior anterior teeth with a gap width of 5 mm to 7 mm is indicated, and a small diameter (
  • the first measuring ruler 2a of the second measuring unit is divided into two widths, which are 7 mm of the fourth measuring portion 2a2 located at the middle portion and 5 mm of the fifth measuring portion 2a3 at the end portion, respectively.
  • the operator holds the second measuring component, and the patient is engaged, so that the upper and lower teeth are in the most extensive and tight contact, and the first measuring ruler 2a is used for the comparison. If the fourth measuring part 2a2 of the middle can pass, the jaw is indicated.
  • the upper prosthesis may be adhered to the retaining position or the screw is fixed; if the fourth measuring portion 2a2 of the middle portion is not passable and the fifth measuring portion 2a3 of the end portion is passable, the distance between the jaws is greater than 5 mm. If it is less than 7mm, it is preferred to fix the screw; if the fifth measuring part 2a3 of the end cannot pass, it means that the distance between the jaws is less than 5mm, the repair space is too small, the abutment and the restoration cannot be placed, and the planting repair is not suitable.
  • (2.1) Measurement of missing tooth gap with single tooth After preparing the patient research model, use the second measuring ruler 2b to compare the distance between the most convex points of the adjacent side of the adjacent tooth in the area to be repaired.
  • the lower first measuring portion 2b1 can pass, indicating that the missing tooth gap width is greater than or equal to the average molar average width of 10 mm, and the large diameter (>4.5 mm) implant can be preferentially selected; if the lower first measuring portion 2b1 is not passable, the middle portion is When the second measuring portion 2b2 is permeable, the width of the edentulous gap is 7 mm to 10 mm, and the standard diameter (3.5 to 4.5 mm) implant can be preferentially selected; if the second measuring portion 2b2 in the middle is not passable, the upper portion When the third measuring unit 2b3 is permeable, the width of the edentulous gap is 5 mm to 7 mm, and the implant having a small diameter ( ⁇ 3.5 mm) is preferentially selected.
  • the fourth measuring portion 2a2 in the middle portion can pass, it indicates that the distance between the jaws is greater than 7 mm, and the upper prosthesis can be selectively adhered or screwed; if the fourth measuring portion 2a2 in the middle is not passable, the end of the end If the five measuring parts 2a3 can pass, the distance between the jaws is greater than 5 mm and less than 7 mm, and the screw retention is preferentially selected; if the fifth measuring portion 2a3 of the end portion cannot pass, the distance between the jaws is less than 5 mm, and the repair space is too small. It is impossible to place the abutment and the restoration, and it is not suitable for planting and repairing.
  • Penetration depth measurement The final model of the patient is prepared. The operator holds the third measurement component, and the tip of the ruler 3a is attached to the upper edge of the implant, and the penetration depth is measured by the scale. This value corresponds to the depth of the piercing selected by the base. If the measured depth is within the red zone, the finished abutment can be used. If the measured depth exceeds the red zone, a personalized abutment needs to be made.
  • the first measuring component By using the first measuring component to directly measure the maximum opening degree of the patient, it is possible to easily and accurately determine whether the operating space during the operation is sufficient, and to avoid the consequences of obstruction of the surgical instrument caused by visual misjudgment and inability to operate;
  • the occlusion distance check can be performed simply and directly, thereby effectively avoiding the problem that the upper repair cannot be completed due to insufficient occlusion distance; Provide accurate and reliable basis for the choice of abutment retention (screw retention or adhesive retention);
  • the second measuring rule 2b of the second measuring component directly compares whether it can pass through the gap of the area to be repaired, and simply and directly performs the missing tooth gap analysis of the single tooth missing.
  • the ratio of the missing teeth and the missing tooth gap can be performed, and the operator can select the position and model of the implant implant;
  • the depth of penetration of the abutment is determined according to the depth of the tip of the third measuring component, and the depth of the abutment is 3-4 mm (ideal depth) marked as a red area, and the depth of penetration can be visually judged by color And whether it is necessary to make a personalized abutment without having to identify the specific scale, further shortening the operation time;
  • the patented measurement system of the present invention achieves a series of intraoral and model analyses of a series of oral implant restoration spaces by inventing specific shapes, structures, and combinations of components, using direct alignment of specific portions thereof. Compared with visual inspection or ordinary ruler, the measurement is simpler and more accurate, and the spatial characteristics of the part to be repaired can be measured more efficiently.
  • the design of the implant size, the implantation position and the shape and structure of the upper restoration are provided. in accordance with.
  • the spatial analysis and surgical design methods before and after the repair are also proposed in this embodiment. The content is comprehensive and detailed, providing a scientific and reliable surgical plan for doctors lacking clinical experience, which is conducive to improving the success rate of dental implants. .

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Abstract

一种用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，包括：用于测量开口度和多颗缺牙间隙的第一测量组件、用于测量单颗缺牙间隙和咬合距离的第二测量组件和用于测量穿龈深度的第三测量组件，第一测量组件、第二测量组件和第三测量组件均包括连接杆（4）和设置在连接杆（4）上端的测量头。还公开了采用这种测量系统进行分析的用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量方法。

Description

用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及口腔种植修复空间分析技术领域，具体涉及一种用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统及方法。
背景技术
种植牙因其不损伤天然牙、舒适度高、美观效果好等特点，受到缺牙患者的青睐，也是目前修复失牙的重要手段之一。口腔种植技术发展至今已有40余年的历史。在不断发展中，临床医生与学者通过病例积累与实验研究，逐渐探索出更为科学合理的治疗方案与技术，使得种植牙的术后成功率逐渐提高。目前最常用的种植牙由两部分组成，包括位于颌骨内的种植体与位于口腔内的上部修复体。同时，口腔种植修复理念也由“以外科为导向”，转向了“以修复为导向”的阶段。然而，在种植牙大量应用于临床治疗的同时，相关并发症也不断涌现。研究表明，导致种植牙并发症的原因包括不良的种植体三维位置、不足的种植体周围软组织厚度以及不良的修复体设计等。以上因素的产生多与术前空间分析不足有关。因此，为了降低种植牙并发症等不良事件的发生，更好地实现以修复为导向的种植体植入，术前的口内及模型空间分析是十分必要的。
目前大多数临床医生采取模型分析以及目测的方法进行口内分析，口内分析对医生的经验依赖性强，易受角度、视线等因素影响导致误差，且常常遗漏对患者开口度(最大张口时，上下中切牙边缘之间的垂直距离)及咬合距离(上下牙列在最广泛接触时种植体上部表面与对颌牙的垂直距离)的检查，从而导致后期修复困难等问题。模型分析首先通过对牙列进行阴模制取、向阴模中灌注石膏从而制备出牙列模型，再对模型的待修复部位进行测量。由于牙列模型的待修复部位形态不规则，使用直尺测量时操作难度大、操作过程繁琐且测量准确性欠佳，测量后往往需要依靠经验对数据进行二次处理。
综上所述，目前的口内与模型空间分析依赖临床经验，缺乏精确、高效的测量手段、明确的测量方法与标准。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，该测量系统使用的测量组件结构简洁、使用简便、测得数据精确，能够准确、快速地测量出待修复部位的特定空间特征，为种植体尺寸、植入位置或上部修复体的形状、结构等关键参数的设计提供依据，解决目前的口内与模型空间分析依赖临床经验，缺乏精确、高效的测量手段的问题；本发明还提供了一种用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量方法。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现：
用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，包括：用于测量开口度和多颗缺牙间隙的第一测量组件、用于测量单颗缺牙间隙和咬合距离的第二测量组件和用于测量穿龈深度的第三测量组件，所述第一测量组件、第二测量组件和第三测量组件均包括连接杆和设置在连接杆上端的测量头。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述第一测量组件的测量头呈“凸”字形，包括第一方形尺和第二方形尺，所述第一方形尺的长度大于第二方形尺的长度，第一方形尺下端与连接杆的上端相连、上端与第二方形尺的下端相连。第一方形尺的长度方向和第二方形尺的长度方向垂直于连接杆的方向，第二方形尺上端正面沿长度方向设置有刻度。本方案中的第一测量组件可用于常规种植手术和数字化导板种植手术，根据两种手术要求，预先设置两个方形尺的长度，便于直接比测。患者最大张口时，将测量头竖立于患者待修复区，第一方形尺和第二方形尺竖直放置，将第二方形尺下端垂直接触患者待修复区，上端不被对颌牙齿阻挡，说明开口高度大于第二方形尺的长度，则患者的种植手术操作空间满足进行常规种植手术的要求；否则，种植手术操作空间不足，患者不适宜进行常规种植手术；同样，将第一方形尺下端垂直接触患者待修复区，另一端不被对颌牙齿阻挡，说明开口高度大于第一方形尺长度，则患者的种植手术操作空间满足进行数字化导板种植手术的要求；否则，患者不适宜进行数字化导板种植手术。采用第一测量尺直接比测患者最大开口度，能够简单准确地判断手术时操作空间是否足够，避免目测误判导致的手术器械受阻、无法手术等后果。本方案中的第一测量组件还可以用于多颗牙连续缺失的种植体数量及位置确定，使用时操作者手持第一测量组件，将有刻度的一面朝上，将第二方形尺的侧边缘靠于天然牙近缺隙侧邻面，使用第二方形尺正面的刻度比测未来种植体中心的位置，能够非常方便地进行多颗牙缺失缺牙间隙的比测，辅助操作者进行种植体植入位置及型号的选择。此外，第一测量组件可以同时应用于常规种植手术和数字化导板种植手术的开口度测量以及多颗牙连续缺失的种植体数量及位置确定，一尺多用，避免使用多个工具，不仅便于携带和收纳，而且有效节约资源和成本。
作为本发明的又一改进，所述第二测量组件的测量头包括第一测量尺和第二测量尺，第二测量尺的下端连接连接杆的上端；第一测量尺与第二测量尺相互垂直，且第一测量尺的一个端部连接在连接杆的侧面。
进一步，所述第二测量尺包括至下而上依次连接的第一测量部、第二测量部和第三测量部，第一测量部、第二测量部和第三测量部均为矩形板且宽度依次减小，第一测量部的下端连接在连接杆的上端。第一测量部、第二测量部和第三测量部优选为在上下方向上的高度相同，宽度根据恒下前牙宽度、恒磨牙宽度预先设定好。第二测量尺倾斜的方向与连接杆上端 的走向一致。第二测量尺可用于单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙测量，测量时，利用第二测量尺比测待修复区两邻牙近缺隙侧邻面最凸点间的距离，通过比测能够通过的测量部判断能否进行种植修复以及选择合适的修复体，能够简单、直接地进行单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙分析，并消除目测带来的误差。
进一步，所述第一测量尺包括依次连接的第六测量部、第四测量部、第五测量部，所述第五测量部远离连接杆设置，第六测量部远离第四测量部的一端连接在连接杆的上端侧面。
优选的，所述第五测量部和第四测量部均为矩形板且第五测量部的宽度小于第四测量部。本方案中的第一测量尺可用于咬合距离检查，根据颌间距离要求预先设定第五测量部和第四测量部以及第六测量部的尺寸，测量时，操作者手持第二测量组件，嘱患者咬合，使上下牙处于最广泛、最紧密的接触，利用第一测量尺进行比测，若第四测量部可通过，则说明此时颌间距离较大，上部修复体可选择粘接固位或螺丝固位；若第四测量部不可通过、第五测量部可通过，则说明颌间距离居中，优先选择螺丝固位；若第五测量部不能通过，则说明此时颌间距离太小，修复空间过少，无法放置基台和修复体，不宜进行种植修复。利用本方案中的第一测量尺直接比测其能否通过待修复区咬合间隙，能够简单、直接地进行咬合距离检查，有效避免因咬合距离不足而无法完成上部修复的问题；并且可为基台固位方式(螺丝固位或粘接固位)的选择提供准确、可靠的依据。
作为本发明的再一改进，所述第三测量组件的测量头包括尺体；所述尺体的下端连接连接杆上端，所述尺体长度方向与连接杆的朝向相同，所述尺体上沿长度方向设置有刻度。本方案中的第三测量组件可以作为口腔种植修复空间分析用时在模型分析或者患者口内中测量穿龈深度，制取患者的最终模型后，操作者手持第三测量组件将尺体尖端贴紧种植体上缘，利用刻度测量穿龈深度，根据其尖端即尺体没入牙龈的深度，确定基台的穿龈深度，且可以进一步通过在距离刻度尖端3-4mm(理想深度)处标记为红色区域，可通过颜色直观判断穿龈深度及是否需要制作个性化基台，而无需辨识具体刻度，进一步缩短了操作时间。
作为本发明的再一改进，所述连接杆包括自上而下依次相连的上部连接杆、中部连接杆和下部连接杆，其中：在直角三维坐标系中，将下部连接杆的下端置于原点o，下部连接杆置于y轴正半轴，中部连接杆向z轴的负半轴方向倾斜，从而，中部连接杆与下部连接杆在yz平面上形成夹角A；上部连接杆下端连接下部连接杆，上端向z轴的正半轴方向倾斜并与中部连接杆之间在yz平面内形成夹角B。由于口腔为一腔隙，牙齿位于腔隙内，当手持下部连接杆将测量尺伸入口腔时，中部、上部连接杆在yz平面上的角度B有利于测量尺跨过嘴唇直达待修复区(测量时，嘴唇位于中部连接杆与上部连接杆形成夹角B处的凹陷部内，不会对尺体进行阻挡)；而中部连接杆与下部连接杆在yz平面上形成夹角A，使得测量者的手与 测量尺工作端不在同一水平面而是位于较低平面上，避免了手部等待修复区以外的组织对测量区域的遮挡，有利于数据精确采集与记录，其中，夹角A和夹角B的度数可以为120°-135°之间。
进一步，所述中部连接杆同时还向x轴的正半轴或负轴方向倾斜，从而，中部连接杆与上部连接杆还在xy平面上与y轴形成夹角C，所述夹角C的角度在120°-180°之间且不等于180°，即上部连接杆与y轴之间形成一个夹角，该夹角不大于60°。由于在进行口腔深部待修复区测量时，嘴角往往对测量尺有一定阻挡，本技术方案中，中部连接杆、上部连接杆在xy平面上的角度使得测量尺的工作端可以跨过嘴角深入口腔深部，可减少嘴角的阻挡，利于数据精确采集与记录。
本发明还提供一种用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量方法，采用上述用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统进行分析，所述测量方法包括口内分析测量步骤和/或模型分析测量步骤；
所述口内测量分析包括操作空间的测量步骤、单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙测量步骤、多颗牙连续缺失的种植体数量及位置确定步骤和咬合距离检查步骤；
所述术前模型分析测量包括单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙测量步骤、多颗牙连续缺失的种植体数量及位置确定步骤、咬合距离检查步骤和穿龈深度测量步骤；
所述操作空间的测量步骤中采用第一测量组件测量患者的最大开口高度；
所述单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙测量步骤中采用第二测量组件测量患者测待修复区两邻牙近缺隙侧邻面凸点间的距离；
所述多颗牙连续缺失的种植体数量及位置确定步骤中采用第一测量组件测量缺隙大小和确定种植体中心的位置；
所述咬合距离检查步骤中采用第二测量组件测量患者颌间距离。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下的优点和有益效果：
1、利用本发明的第一测量组件直接比测患者最大开口度，能够简单准确地判断手术时操作空间是否足够，避免目测误判导致的手术器械受阻、无法手术等后果；
2、利用本发明的第二测量组件的第一测量尺直接比测其能否通过待修复区咬合间隙，能够简单、直接地进行咬合距离检查，有效避免因咬合距离不足而无法完成上部修复的问题；并且可为基台固位方式(螺丝固位或粘接固位)的选择提供准确、可靠的依据；
3、利用本发明的第二测量组件的第二测量尺直接比测其能否通过待修复区间隙，简单、直接地进行单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙分析；利用本发明的第一测量组件的第二方形尺端部的刻度能够进行多颗牙缺失缺牙间隙的比测，辅助操作者进行种植体植入位置及型号的选择；
4、利用本发明的第三测量组件，根据第三测量组件尖端没入牙龈的深度，能够确定基台的穿龈深度，且可以通过在距离刻度尖端3-4mm(理想深度)处标记为红色区域，可通过颜色直观判断穿龈深度及是否需要制作个性化基台，而无需辨识具体刻度，进一步缩短了操作时间；
总之，本发明通过三个测量组件特定形状、结构的组合使用，利用其特定部位的直接比对，实现一系列口腔种植修复空间的口内及模型分析。较之目测或普通直尺，其测量更简便、准确，并能更加高效地测量出待修复部位的空间特征，为种植体尺寸、植入位置以及上部修复体的形状、结构等参数的设计提供依据。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，并不构成对本发明实施例的限定。在附图中：
图1为连接杆的结构示意图；
图2为第一测量组件的结构示意图；
图3为第二测量组件的结构示意图；
图4为第三测量组件的结构示意图；
图5为实施例3中的第一测量组件的结构示意图；
图6为实施例3中的第二测量组件的结构示意图；
图7为实施例2中上部连接杆、中部连接杆在xz平面上的投影示意图。
附图标记及对应的零部件名称：
1a-第一方形尺，1b-第二方形尺，2a-第一测量尺，2b-第二测量尺，2a1-第六测量部，2a2-第四测量部，2a3-第五测量部，2b1-第一测量部，2b2-第二测量部，2b3-第三测量部，3a-尺体，4-连接杆，4a-连接圆柱，4b-连接杆本体，4b1-下部连接杆，4b2-中部连接杆，4b3-上部连接杆，4c-六角体，5-中部连接杆在xz平面上的投影，6-上部连接杆在xz平面上的投影。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例和附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明，本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明，并不作为对本发明的限定。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“上”、“下”、“竖直”、“水平”、“高”、“低”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发 明保护范围的限制。
【实施例1】
用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，包括：用于测量开口度和多颗缺牙间隙的第一测量组件、用于测量单颗缺牙间隙和咬合距离的第二测量组件和用于测量穿龈深度的第三测量组件，所述第一测量组件、第二测量组件和第三测量组件均包括独立的连接杆和设置在连接杆上端的测量头，即每个测量组件均就具有一个连接杆和一个测量头，三个测量组件的测量头不同，连接杆可以相同。本实施例中，三个测量组件的连接杆的形状均相同。
如图1所示，所述连接杆4为弯曲的长杆，包括连接杆本体4b、连接圆柱4a和六角体4c，所述六角体4c为六棱柱，其上端面、下端面、横截面均为正六边形，六角体4c的上端面与连接杆本体4b的下端相连，六角体4c的的下端面与连接圆柱4a的上端相连，连接圆柱4a的轴向为竖直方向。
连接杆本体4b包括自上而下依次相连的上部连接杆4b3、中部连接杆4b2和下部连接杆4b1，下部连接杆4b1竖直布置，上部连接杆4b3和中部连接杆4b2均有一定程度的倾斜，在直角三维坐标系中，如果下部连接杆4b1的下端置于原点o，下部连接杆4b1置于y轴正半轴，上部连接杆4b3和中部连接杆4b2的位置可以使得中部连接杆4b2向z轴的负半轴方向倾斜，从而，中部连接杆4b2与下部连接杆4b1在yz平面上形成夹角A；上部连接杆4b3下端连接下部连接杆4b1，上端向z轴的正半轴方向倾斜并与中部连接杆4b2之间形成夹角B。夹角A和B的角度范围为120°-135°
以x轴的正半轴方向为前、负半轴方向为后，以y轴的正半轴方向为上、负半轴方向为下，以z轴的负半轴方向为左、正半轴方向为右，则中部连接杆4b2向下部连接杆4b1的左侧倾斜，从而与中部连接杆4b2之间形成夹角A；上部连接杆4b3上端相对于其下端向右侧倾斜并与中部连接杆4b2之间形成夹角B。下部连接杆4b1的下端连接六角体4c的上端面。本实施例中，所述上部连接杆4b3、中部连接杆4b2和下部连接杆4b1的横截面均为正方形。
如图2所示，所述第一测量组件的测量头呈“凸”字形，包括第一方形尺1a和第二方形尺1b，第一方形尺1a的下端与第一测量组件的连接杆4的上部连接杆4b3的上端相连、上端与第二方形尺1b的下端相连，形成“凸”字形结构。第一方形尺1a的长度方向和第二方形尺1b的长度方向垂直于上部连接杆4b3的延伸方向。
所述第一方形尺1a的长度L2大于第二方形尺1b的长度L1，厚度和宽度均与第二方形尺1b相同，第一方形尺1a的正面与第二方形尺1b的正面位于同一平面上，第一方形尺1a的背面与第二方形尺1b的背面位于同一平面上，从而第一方形尺1a与第二方形尺1b整体均位于同一平面上，实际上，第一方形尺1a与第二方形尺1b可以一体成型成一个厚度均匀的 整体。
如图3所示，所述第二组件的测量头包括第一测量尺2a和第二测量尺2b；第一测量尺2a与第二测量尺2b相互垂直，且其中第二测量尺2b下端连接在第二组件的连接杆4的上部连接杆4b3的上端且安装方向与上部连接杆4b3的安装方向一致，即第二测量尺2b与中部连接杆4b2之间的夹角与夹角B的角度相同，第一测量尺2a的一个端部连接在上部连接杆4b3的远离中部连接杆4b2的侧面上且朝向中部连接杆4b2的倾斜方向也即第一测量尺2a位于上部连接杆4b3的左侧面，第一测量尺2a的右侧连接第二延长杆2c的左侧。
所述第二测量尺2b包括至下而上依次连接的第一测量部2b1、第二测量部2b2和第三测量部2b3，第一测量部2b1、第二测量部2b2和第三测量部2b3均为矩形板且宽度依次减小，第一测量部2b1的下端连接在上部连接杆4b3的上端。
所述第一测量尺2a包括自右向左依次连接的第六测量部2a1、第四测量部2a2、第五测量部2a3，所述第五测量部2a3远离上部连接杆4b3设置，第六测量部2a1远离第四测量部2a2的一端(即右端)连接在上部连接杆4b3的左侧面。
所述第五测量部2a3和第四测量部2a2均为矩形板且第五测量部2a3的宽度小于第四测量部2a2，所述第六测量部2a1为等腰梯形板，其长边连接第四测量部2a2，短边连接上部连接杆4b3的左侧面。
如图4所示，所述第三组件的测量头包括尺体3a；尺体3a下端连接在连接杆4的上部连接杆4b3的上端，尺体3a的长度方向与上部连接杆4b3的朝向相同，均向x的负半轴方向倾斜，同时尺体3a与上部连接杆4b3的走向相同，实际上，尺体3a可以由上部连接杆4b3沿其长度方向延伸形成，只不过宽度尺寸更小一点，所述尺体3a上沿长度方向设置有刻度。
【实施例2】
在实施例1的基础上，本实施例还对连接杆4进行进一步改进：
所述中部连接杆4b2在向z轴的负半轴方向倾斜的时候，同时还向x轴的负半轴方向倾斜即向后倾斜，从而，中部连接杆4b2与下部连接杆4b1还在xy平面上形成夹角C，所述夹角C的角度在120°-180°之间且不等于180°，也即中部连接杆4b2与y轴正半轴的角度不大于60°，换言之中部连接杆4b2还向后倾斜，倾斜角度在60°以内。
上部连接杆4b3、中部连接杆4b2在xy平面上的投影如图7所示，其中5为中部连接杆4b2在xz平面上的投影，6为上部连接杆4b3在xz平面上的投影。
在其他实施例中，中部连接杆4b2在向z轴的负半轴方向倾斜的时候，也可以向x轴的正半轴方向倾斜即向后倾斜，角度同本实施例。
【实施例3】
本实施例为实施例1的进一步改进，为实施例1的用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统提供具体尺寸。
(一)连接杆
本实施例中，第一测量组件、第二测量组件和第三测量组件的连接杆的结构和尺寸完全相同。在其他实施例中，可以根据使用需要调整其中某1个或者多个的测量组件的连接杆尺寸。
本实施例中，连接杆如图5所示，连接杆4下端为长5mm、直径3mm的连接圆柱4a，连接圆柱4a与连接杆本体4b之间的连接处为高2mm、边长2mm的六角体4c；连接杆本体4b为弯曲的长杆，其横截面为边长为3mm的正方形，连接杆本体4b分为三段，呈“S”，三段分别是上部连接杆4b3、中部连接杆4b2和下部连接杆4b1。
下部连接杆4b1沿着连接圆柱4a的长轴方向向上走形，即竖直安装，下部连接杆4b1的左边缘长x1为11mm，右边缘长x2为12mm；中部连接杆4b2偏向左侧走形，与下部连接杆4b1形成135°夹角，即夹角A为135°，中部连接杆4b2的左边缘长x3为11mm，右边缘长x4为10mm；上部连接杆4b3偏向右侧走形，与中部连接杆4b2形成120°夹角，即夹角B为120°，上部连接杆4b3的左边缘长x5为6mm，右边缘长x6为4mm；
(二)第一测量组件的测量头
如图5所示，所述测量头为“凸”字形尺，第二方形尺1b的长L1为33mm，宽W1为7mm，厚Z1为3mm，正面沿长度方向(即L1所在方向)以mm为单位标注刻度，图5中“凸”字形尺所显示的面即为正面，即平面α为正面；第一方形尺1a的长L2为43mm，宽W2为7mm，厚Z2为3mm。从侧面观时，第一方形尺1a、第二方形尺1b与连接杆4的上部连接杆4b3在同一平面上。
(三)第二测量组件的测量头
如图6所示，第二测量组件的测量头为两个近似“凸”字型尺(第一测量尺2a、第二测量尺2b，二者与连接杆4的上部连接杆4b3相连。
从上方看时，第一测量尺2a的第六测量部2a1呈倒等边梯形，长边长7mm，短边长3mm，腰长3.6mm；第五测量部2a3呈长方形，长边长5mm，短边长4mm；第四测量部2a2呈长方形，长边长y4为7mm，短边长y5为4mm。实际应用中,第六测量部2a1可不限本实施例中的形状和尺寸，梯形、矩形或其他形状均可，尺寸的大小只要不影响第四测量部2a2的测量均可。
从图3视角的左侧面或右侧面看时，第二测量尺2b的第二测量部2b2呈长方形，长边长y2为7mm，短边长4mm；第一测量部2b1呈长方形，长边长y1为10mm，短边长y8为4mm； 第三测量部2b3呈长方形，长边长y3为5mm，短边长4mm。
前述第五测量部2a3、第四测量部2a2、第一测量部2b1、第二测量部2b2、第一测量部2b1的长边长即为各测量部对应的宽度，短边长即为各测量部对应的高度。
第一测量尺2a与第二测量尺2b的厚度y6均为2mm。
实际制造中，第六测量部2a1、第四测量部2a2、第五测量部2a3可以一体成型成一个厚度均匀的整体；第一测量部2b1、第二测量部2b2和第三测量部2b3也可以一体成型成一个厚度均匀的整体。
(四)第三测量组件的测量头
第三测量组件的测量头上端的尺体3a为“1”字形尺，
正面观，尺体3a长15mm，宽2mm，厚1mm。
本实施例中的用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，其第一测量组件可用于口腔种植修复空间分析时测量开口度和多颗缺牙间隙，第二测量组件可用于口腔种植修复空间分析时测量单颗缺牙间隙和咬合距离，第三测量组件可用于口腔种植修复空间分析测量穿龈深度。三个测量尺的功能和使用的情形及参数如下表所示：
表1 种植牙主要空间参数对照表
Figure PCTCN2018080642-appb-000001
利用上述测量系统进行测量，以用于口腔种植修复空间分析时，所述测量方法包括口内分析测量步骤和/或模型分析测量步骤；
所述口内测量分析包括操作空间的测量步骤、单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙测量步骤、多颗牙连续缺失的种植体数量及位置确定步骤和咬合距离检查步骤；
所述术前模型分析测量包括单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙测量步骤、多颗牙连续缺失的种植体数量及位置确定步骤、咬合距离检查步骤和穿龈深度测量步骤；
所述操作空间的测量步骤中采用第一测量组件测量患者的最大开口高度；
所述单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙测量步骤中采用第二测量组件测量患者测待修复区两邻牙近缺隙侧邻面凸点间的距离；
所述多颗牙连续缺失的种植体数量及位置确定步骤中采用第一测量组件测量缺隙大小和确定种植体中心的位置；
所述咬合距离检查步骤中采用第二测量组件测量患者颌间距离；
所述穿龈深度测量步骤中采用第三测量组件测量穿龈深度。
具体地，三个测量组件的使用、测量及口腔种植修复分析设计方法如下：
1)术前口内分析：
(1.1)种植手术操作空间的测量：
常规种植手术：操作者手持第一测量组件，将有刻度的一面朝前，嘱患者最大张口，将第一测量组件竖立于患者待修复区，比测患者的最大开口高度。若患者最大张口时，第一测量组件的第二方形尺1b一端垂直接触患者待修复区，另一端不被对颌牙齿阻挡，说明开口高度大于33mm，则患者的种植手术操作空间满足进行常规种植手术的要求；否则，种植手术操作空间不足，患者不适宜进行常规种植手术。
数字化导板种植手术：操作者手持第一测量组件，将有刻度的一面朝前，嘱患者最大张口，将第一测量组件竖立于患者待修复区，比测患者的最大开口高度。若患者最大张口时，第一测量组件的第一方形尺1a一端垂直接触患者待修复区，另一端不被对颌牙齿阻挡，说明开口高度大于43mm，则患者的种植手术操作空间满足进行数字化导板种植手术的要求；否则，患者不适宜进行数字化导板种植手术。
(1.2)单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙测量：第二测量组件的第二测量尺2b分为三个宽度，分别为位于下部的第一测量部2b1的10mm，位于中部的第二测量部2b2的7mm，位于上部的第三测量部2b3的5mm。操作者手持第二测量组件，嘱患者大张口，利用第二测量尺2b比测待修复区两邻牙近缺隙侧邻面最凸点间的距离，若其下部的第一测量部2b1可通过，则表示缺牙间隙宽度大于等于恒磨牙平均宽度10mm，可优先选择大直径(＞4.5mm)种植体；若下部的第一测量部2b1不可通过而中部的第二测量部2b2可通过，则表示缺牙间隙宽度为7mm～10mm的恒前磨牙宽度，可优先选择标准直径(3.5～4.5mm)种植体；若中部的第二测量部2b2不可通过而上部的第三测量部2b3可通过，则表示缺牙间隙宽度为5mm～7mm的恒下前牙宽度，优先选择小直径(≤3.5mm)种植体。若上部的第三测量部2b3不可通过，则表示缺牙间隙过窄<5mm，不宜进行种植修复。
(1.3)多颗牙连续缺失的种植体数量及位置确定：操作者手持第一测量组件，将有刻度 的一面朝上，将第二方形尺1b的侧边缘靠于天然牙近缺隙侧邻面，使用第二方形尺1b正面的刻度比测未来种植体中心的位置。参考数据如下：种植体中心与天然牙近缺隙侧邻面之间的理想距离D＝R(种植体半径)+2mm；种植体中心与天然牙近缺隙侧邻面之间的最小距离d＝R+1.5mm；两种植体中心之间的最小距离d 12＝R 1+R 2+3mm。
(1.4)咬合距离检查：第二测量组件的第一测量尺2a分为两个宽度，分别为位于中部的第四测量部2a2的7mm与位于端部的第五测量部2a3的5mm。操作者手持第二测量组件，嘱患者咬合，使上下牙处于最广泛、最紧密的接触，利用第一测量尺2a进行比测，若中部的第四测量部2a2可通过，则说明此时颌间距离大于7mm，上部修复体可选择粘接固位或螺丝固位；若中部的第四测量部2a2不可通过、端部的的第五测量部2a3可通过，则说明颌间距离大于5mm、小于7mm，优先选择螺丝固位；若端部的第五测量部2a3不能通过，则说明此时颌间距离小于5mm，修复空间过少，无法放置基台和修复体，不宜进行种植修复。
2)术前模型分析：
(2.1)单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙测量：制取患者研究模型后，利用第二测量尺2b比测模型待修复区两邻牙近缺隙侧邻面最凸点间的距离，若其下部的第一测量部2b1可通过，则表示缺牙间隙宽度大于等于恒磨牙平均宽度10mm，可优先选择大直径(＞4.5mm)种植体；若下部的第一测量部2b1不可通过而中部的第二测量部2b2可通过，则表示缺牙间隙宽度为7mm～10mm的恒前磨牙宽度，可优先选择标准直径(3.5～4.5mm)种植体；若中部的第二测量部2b2不可通过而上部的第三测量部2b3可通过，则表示缺牙间隙宽度为5mm～7mm的恒下前牙宽度，优先选择小直径(≤3.5mm)种植体。若上部的第三测量部2b3不可通过，则表示缺牙间隙过窄<5mm，不宜进行种植修复。
(2.2)多颗牙连续缺失的种植体数量及位置确定：制取患者研究模型后，在模型上重复步骤(1.3)。
(2.3)咬合距离检查：制取患者研究模型后，将上下颌模型咬合，使上下牙处于最广泛、最紧密的接触，操作者手持第二测量组件利用第一测量尺2a进行比测，若中部的第四测量部2a2可通过，则说明此时颌间距离大于7mm，上部修复体可选择粘接固位或螺丝固位；若中部的第四测量部2a2不可通过、端部的的第五测量部2a3可通过，则说明颌间距离大于5mm、小于7mm，优先选择螺丝固位；若端部的第五测量部2a3不能通过，则说明此时颌间距离小于5mm，修复空间过少，无法放置基台和修复体，不宜进行种植修复。
3)上部修复前口内分析：
(3.1)咬合距离检查：患者进行种植修复取模前，重复步骤(1.4)。
(3.2)穿龈深度测量：患者进行种植修复取模前，操作者手持第三测量组件，将尺体3a 尖端贴紧种植体上缘，尺体与水平面垂直，利用刻度测量穿龈深度。该数值对应基台选择的穿龈深度，若测得深度在红色区域以内，则可以使用成品基台，若测得深度超出红色区域则需要制作个性化基台。
4)上部修复前模型分析：
(4.1)穿龈深度测量：制取患者的最终模型，操作者手持第三测量组件，将尺体3a尖端贴紧种植体上缘，利用刻度测量穿龈深度。该数值对应基台选择的穿龈深度，若测得深度在红色区域以内，则可以使用成品基台，若测得深度超出红色区域则需要制作个性化基台。
本实施例中：
利用第一测量组件直接比测患者最大开口度，能够简单准确地判断手术时操作空间是否足够，避免目测误判导致的手术器械受阻、无法手术等后果；
利用第二测量组件的第一测量尺2a直接比测其能否通过待修复区咬合间隙，能够简单、直接地进行咬合距离检查，有效避免因咬合距离不足而无法完成上部修复的问题；并且可为基台固位方式(螺丝固位或粘接固位)的选择提供准确、可靠的依据；
利用第二测量组件的第二测量尺2b直接比测其能否通过待修复区间隙，简单、直接地进行单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙分析。利用第一测量组件的第二方形尺1b端部的刻度能够进行多颗牙缺失缺牙间隙的比测，辅助操作者进行种植体植入位置及型号的选择；
利用第三测量组件，根据第三测量组件尖端没入牙龈的深度，确定基台的穿龈深度，且距离刻度尖端3-4mm(理想深度)处标记为红色区域，可通过颜色直观判断穿龈深度及是否需要制作个性化基台，而无需辨识具体刻度，进一步缩短了操作时间；
总之，本发明的专利测量系统通过发明特定形状、结构并组合使用的组件，利用其特定部位的直接比对，实现一系列口腔种植修复空间的口内及模型分析。较之目测或普通直尺，其测量更简便、准确，并能更加高效地测量出待修复部位的空间特征，为种植体尺寸、植入位置以及上部修复体的形状、结构等参数的设计提供依据。此外，本实施例中还提出了术前及修复前的空间分析、手术设计方法，内容全面、详实，为欠缺临床经验的医生提供了科学、可靠的手术方案，有利于提高种植牙的成功率。
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，其特征在于，包括：用于测量开口度和多颗缺牙间隙的第一测量组件、用于测量单颗缺牙间隙和咬合距离的第二测量组件和用于测量穿龈深度的第三测量组件，所述第一测量组件、第二测量组件和第三测量组件均包括连接杆(4)和设置在连接杆(4)上端的测量头。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，其特征在于，所述第一测量组件的测量头呈“凸”字形，包括第一方形尺(1a)和第二方形尺(1b)，所述第一方形尺(1a)的长度大于第二方形尺(1b)的长度，第一方形尺(1a)下端与连接杆(4)的上端相连、上端与第二方形尺(1b)的下端相连。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，其特征在于，所述第二测量组件的测量头包括第一测量尺(2a)和第二测量尺(2b)，第二测量尺(2b)的下端连接连接杆(4)的上端；第一测量尺(2a)与第二测量尺(2b)相互垂直，且第一测量尺(2a)的一个端部连接在连接杆(4)的侧面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，其特征在于，所述第二测量尺(2b)包括至下而上依次连接的第一测量部(2b1)、第二测量部(2b2)和第三测量部(2b3)，第一测量部(2b1)、第二测量部(2b2)和第三测量部(2b3)均为矩形板且宽度依次减小，第一测量部(2b1)的下端连接在连接杆(4)的上端。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，其特征在于，所述第一测量尺(2a)包括依次连接的第六测量部(2a1)、第四测量部(2a2)、第五测量部(2a3)，所述第五测量部(2a3)远离连接杆(4)设置，第六测量部(2a1)远离第四测量部(2a2)的一端连接在连接杆(4)的上端侧面。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，其特征在于，所述第五测量部(2a3)和第四测量部(2a2)均为矩形板且第五测量部(2a3)的宽度小于第四测量部(2a2)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，其特征在于，所述第三测量组件的测量头包括尺体(3a)；所述尺体(3a)的下端连接连接杆(4)上端，所述尺体(3a)长度方向与连接杆(4)的朝向相同；所述尺 体(3a)上沿长度方向设置有刻度。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一所述的用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，其特征在于，所述连接杆(4)包括自上而下依次相连的上部连接杆(4b3)、中部连接杆(4b2)和下部连接杆(4b1)，其中：在直角三维坐标系中，将下部连接杆(4b1)的下端置于原点o，下部连接杆(4b1)置于y轴正半轴时；中部连接杆(4b2)向z轴的负半轴方向倾斜，从而，中部连接杆(4b2)与下部连接杆(4b1)在yz平面上形成夹角A；上部连接杆(4b3)下端连接下部连接杆(4b1)，上端向z轴的正半轴方向倾斜并与中部连接杆(4b2)之间形成夹角B。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统，其特征在于，所述中部连接杆(4b2)同时还向x轴的正半轴或者负半轴方向倾斜，从而，中部连接杆(4b2)与下部连接杆(4b1)还在xy平面上形成夹角C，所述夹角C的角度在120°-180°之间且不等于180°。
  10. 用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-9中任一所述的用于口腔种植修复空间分析的测量系统进行分析，所述测量方法包括口内分析测量步骤和/或模型分析测量步骤；
    所述口内测量分析包括操作空间的测量步骤、单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙测量步骤、多颗牙连续缺失的种植体数量及位置确定步骤和咬合距离检查步骤；
    所述术前模型分析测量包括单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙测量步骤、多颗牙连续缺失的种植体数量及位置确定步骤、咬合距离检查步骤和穿龈深度测量步骤；
    所述操作空间的测量步骤中采用第一测量组件测量患者的最大开口高度；
    所述单颗牙缺失的缺牙间隙测量步骤中采用第二测量组件测量患者测待修复区两邻牙近缺隙侧邻面凸点间的距离；
    所述多颗牙连续缺失的种植体数量及位置确定步骤中采用第一测量组件测量缺隙大小和确定种植体中心的位置；
    所述咬合距离检查步骤中采用第二测量组件测量患者颌间距离；
    所述穿龈深度测量步骤中采用第三测量组件测量穿龈深度。
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