WO2019076061A1 - 一种黄金矿山氰化尾矿膏体处置方法 - Google Patents

一种黄金矿山氰化尾矿膏体处置方法 Download PDF

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WO2019076061A1
WO2019076061A1 PCT/CN2018/089053 CN2018089053W WO2019076061A1 WO 2019076061 A1 WO2019076061 A1 WO 2019076061A1 CN 2018089053 W CN2018089053 W CN 2018089053W WO 2019076061 A1 WO2019076061 A1 WO 2019076061A1
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tailings
cyanide
paste
gold mine
filling
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PCT/CN2018/089053
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吴爱祥
王少勇
张连富
尹升华
王洪江
王贻明
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北京科技大学
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Priority to US16/462,539 priority Critical patent/US11267744B2/en
Publication of WO2019076061A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019076061A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/008—Sludge treatment by fixation or solidification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
    • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C02F2101/18—Cyanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of mining technology, in particular to a gold mine cyanide tailings paste disposal method.
  • the cyanidation process can improve the recovery rate of gold and is more commonly used in the processing of gold mines. According to statistics, China's gold production enterprises emit 60 million tons of cyanide tailings annually. Cyanide tailings small particle size, sedimentation difficulties; complex mineral composition, containing a certain amount of CN - and part of the residual agent. Cyanide tailings directly carry out surface storage problems. The cyanide in tailings will cause serious pollution to rivers and groundwater due to precipitation and surface water infiltration, and the environmental damage is extremely great. The problem of harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization of cyanide tailings has received great attention. Paste filling has gradually become the development direction of 21st century filling mining technology because of its advantages of no segregation, no dehydration and no stratification. After the cyanide tailings are detoxified and denitrified, the paste can be directly discharged into the yard for open storage, and can be transported to the underground to fill the goaf.
  • the present invention introduces a new method for disposal of cyanide tailings paste in gold mines, which can realize environmental protection treatment and comprehensive utilization of cyanide tailings. It can also achieve the goal of Gob area management and meet the "green mine" construction concept.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a gold mine cyanide tailings paste disposal method, which is suitable for underground gold mines which produce cyanide tailings and use the filling method to mine.
  • the method mainly includes the following steps:
  • the cyanide tailings slurry obtained by the plant is detoxified by denitrification, and the cyanide ion concentration in the tailings slurry is controlled to be below 0.1 mg/L after decyanation;
  • tailings which have been detoxified in the first step in the first step are transported to the deep cone thickener, and after thick dewatering, the set bottom concentration is reached, and the underflow concentration range obtained by the deep cone thickener after dehydration is 65- 70%, and the overflow water is recycled to the recycling plant for recycling;
  • step 3 When filling is required, the underflow in step 2 is sent to the mixer, and the gelling material is added to solidify to prevent cyanide from being filtered out, and the amount of the cementing material is selected according to the requirements of the strength of the downhole paste body,
  • the paste prepared by homogenizing and stirring of the horizontal mixer is transported to the underground stop by a plunger pump and filled;
  • step 2 is sent to the open storage yard by the plunger pump for open storage;
  • the cyanide tailings are subjected to harmless deacylation treatment, and the cyanide ion concentration in the slurry is controlled to be less than 0.1 mg/L.
  • the tailings after denitrification are densely dehydrated by a deep cone thickener to obtain an underflow with a concentration range of 65-70%, which can be directly pumped to the yard for open storage, and can be made into a paste under the curing of the cement material. Filling the underground goaf, the full comprehensive utilization of tailings is achieved, the tailings emissions are reduced, and a series of ecological, safety and cost problems caused by cyanide tailings are avoided from the roots.
  • the method avoids the environmental hazard of cyanide ions during the storage process, and provides a reliable source for the filling material, reduces tailings emissions, and reduces the filling cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a gold mine cyanide tailings paste disposal method according to the present invention.
  • the invention provides a method for harmless cyanide and paste disposal of cyanide tailings in view of the problem that the existing cyanide tailings directly deposits contaminated surface and has low comprehensive utilization.
  • the gold cyanide tailings of a gold mine are detoxified and paste-filled by the method shown in the schematic diagram of the process.
  • the mine is mining by mining method.
  • the tailings without de-cyanide treatment will cause pollution to the underground stop, threatening mining safety and not suitable as filling material.
  • it is decided to adopt a method of filling or directly depositing the tailings after the harmless de-cyanide treatment.
  • the specific implementation steps are as follows:
  • Step 1 The cyanide tailings slurry obtained after the ore dressing is detoxified by denitrification. After cyanide removal, the cyanide ion concentration in the tailings slurry is controlled below 0.1 mg/L, which is lower than the national standard of 0.5 mg/ L;
  • Step 2 transport the tailings which have been detoxified in the first step to the deep cone thickener, and obtain the underflow of the predetermined concentration after dense dewatering; the concentration of the underflow is 65-70 after the deep cone thickener is densely dehydrated. %, and the overflow water generated by the deep cone thickener is recycled to the recycling plant for recycling;
  • Step 3 When filling is required, the underflow in step 2 is transferred to the two-stage horizontal mixer, and the cementing material is added to cure.
  • the amount of the cementing material is selected according to the requirements of the strength of the underground plaster filling body, and the second section is lying.
  • the mixer makes the high concentration tailings and the cementing material fully homogeneously mixed to ensure the uniform strength of the paste.
  • the paste prepared after stirring is transported to the underground stop field by a plunger pump and filled;
  • Step 4 When no filling is required, the underflow in step 2 is sent to the open storage yard by the plunger pump for open storage.
  • the cyanide tailings were discharged to the surface yard. In order to reduce the pollution of surface water, the yard was waterproofed, but there was still leakage, which caused severe water pollution problems and high treatment costs. Cyanide tailings itself contains CN - and other chemicals, as if filling materials underground, will pollute underground working environment, threats to safety, so mine has been cyanide tailings processing plant can not be used as a filling material, causing great Waste and increased costs of filling. After the program is put into use, the tailings can be safely used as a filling material to fill the well after being detoxified and made into a paste.
  • the tailings resources are effectively utilized, and the cementitious materials solidify the harmful ions; the tails other than the filling
  • the mine can be directly discharged to the open storage yard, the pollution problem is treated, and the maintenance cost is low. All in all, the program protects the ecological environment, improves the safety of the mining area and improves the economic benefits of the mine while reducing the filling cost.

Abstract

一种黄金矿山氰化尾矿膏体处置方法，属于采矿技术领域。该方法将选厂的氰化尾矿首先进行无害化脱氰处理，随后进行资源化处置，即利用深锥浓密机将料浆浓密到较高的质量浓度，充填时，与胶凝材料混合并经过二段卧式搅拌机均质化搅拌后形成膏体，通过柱塞泵充填到井下采空区，胶凝材料起到固化作用防止了氰化物的滤出；不充填时，直接通过柱塞泵输送到堆场进行露天堆存。该方法不仅解决了黄金矿山氰化尾矿利用率低、占用土地、污染地表问题，而且充填井下采空区，提高了采矿作业安全性，资源回收率也得到提高。

Description

一种黄金矿山氰化尾矿膏体处置方法 技术领域
本发明涉及采矿技术领域，特别是指一种黄金矿山氰化尾矿膏体处置方法。
背景技术
将于2018年1月1日起实施的《中华人民共和国环境保护税法》明文规定：大气污染物、水污染物、固体废物和噪声为应税污染物，危险废物税额为1000元/吨。在此背景下，届时氰化尾砂作为危险废弃物，其直接排放将给矿山企业造成严重的税赋负担，增加生产成本，直接影响矿山的正常生产。
氰化工艺可以提高黄金的回收率，在黄金矿山选矿过程中比较常用。据统计我国黄金生产企业年排放含氰尾矿量达6000万t。氰化尾矿粒度较小，沉降困难；矿物组成复杂，含有一定数量的CN -和部分残余药剂。氰化尾矿直接进行地表堆存问题较多，尾矿中的氰化物由于降水和地表水下渗会对河流和地下水造成严重污染，环境危害极大。无害化处理并综合利用氰化尾矿的问题得到了很大的重视。膏体充填以其不离析、不脱水、不分层的优点，逐渐成为21世纪充填采矿技术的发展方向。将氰化尾矿无害化脱氰处理后，制成膏体，既可以直接排放到堆场进行露天堆存，又能够输送到井下充填采空区。
鉴于氰化尾矿综合利用的巨大需求和膏体技术具有的上述优势，本发明介绍一种黄金矿山氰化尾矿膏体处置的新方法，既能够实现氰化尾矿的环保处理和综合利用，又能够达到采空区治理的目标，符合“绿色矿山”建设理念。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种黄金矿山氰化尾矿膏体处置方法，适用于产生氰化尾矿并利用充填方法开采的地下黄金矿山。
该方法主要包括以下步骤：
一、将选厂得到的氰化尾砂料浆进行无害化脱氰，脱氰后尾矿料浆中的氰离子浓度控制在0.1mg/L以下；
二、将步骤一中已经无害化脱氰的尾砂输送至深锥浓密机中，经过浓密脱 水，达到设定的底流浓度，且深锥浓密机浓密脱水后得到的底流浓度范围为65-70％，而溢流水回收到选厂循环利用；
三、需要充填时，将步骤二中的底流输送至搅拌机，并添加胶凝材料起到固化作用，防止氰化物滤出，而且胶凝材料用量根据井下膏体充填体强度的要求来选取，二段卧式搅拌机均质化搅拌后制成的膏体采用柱塞泵输送至井下采场并进行充填；
四、不需要充填时，将步骤二中的底流用柱塞泵输送至露天堆场进行露天堆存；
本发明的上述技术方案的有益效果如下：
上述方案中，氰化尾矿经过无害化脱氰处理，将料浆中的氰离子浓度控制在0.1mg/L以下。利用深锥浓密机将脱氰后的尾矿浓密脱水得到浓度范围为65-70％的底流，既可以直接泵送至堆场进行露天堆存，又可以在胶凝材料固化作用下制成膏体充填井下采空区，实现了尾矿的充分综合利用，减少了尾矿的排放，从根源上避免了氰化尾矿带来的一系列生态、安全和成本问题。总之，该方法避免了堆存过程中氰离子对环境的危害，并为充填材料提供了可靠的来源，减少了尾矿排放，降低了充填成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的黄金矿山氰化尾矿膏体处置方法流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
本发明针对现有的氰化尾矿直接堆存污染地表、综合利用程度不高等问题，提供一种氰化尾矿无害化脱氰及膏体处置的方法。
如图1所示，为该方法的流程示意图，利用该流程示意图所示方法对某黄金矿山氰化尾矿进行无害化脱氰处理并进行膏体充填。
某黄金矿山采用浮选金精矿氰化工艺回收Au金属，选矿后产生的氰化尾矿含有CN -以及其他化学药剂，直接地表堆存的话会污染地表水系以及地下水，引发严重的环境问题。同时，该矿山采用充填采矿法采矿，未经脱氰处理的尾矿会对井下采场造成污染，威胁采矿安全，不适合作为充填材料。为了实现氰 化尾矿的综合利用，减少对环境的污染，增加充填材料的来源，经研究决定采用无害化脱氰处理后的尾矿制成膏体进行充填或直接地表堆存的方法。具体实施步骤如下：
步骤1：将该矿山选矿后得到的氰化尾砂料浆进行无害化脱氰，脱氰后尾矿料浆中的氰离子浓度控制在0.1mg/L以下，低于国家标准0.5mg/L；
步骤2：将步骤一中已经无害化脱氰的尾砂输送至深锥浓密机中，经过浓密脱水，得到预定浓度的底流；深锥浓密机浓密脱水后得到底流的浓度范围为65-70％，而深锥浓密机产生的溢流水回收到选厂循环利用；
步骤3：需要充填时，将步骤二中的底流输送至两段卧式搅拌机，并添加胶凝材料起到固化作用，胶凝材料用量根据井下膏体充填体强度的要求来选取，二段卧式搅拌机使高浓度尾砂与胶凝材料充分均质混合，保证膏体强度均匀。搅拌后制成的膏体采用柱塞泵输送至井下采场并进行充填；
步骤4：不需要充填时，将步骤二中的底流用柱塞泵输送至露天堆场进行露天堆存，无害化处理后的尾矿堆存在地表，不再对地表水及地下水造成污染，保护环境的同时降低了治理成本。
在方案实施之前，氰化尾矿被排放至地表堆场，为了减少对地表水的污染，堆场进行了防水处理，但仍有渗漏现象，造成了严峻的水污染问题，治理成本高。氰化尾矿本身含有CN -及其他化学药剂，如果作为井下充填材料，会污染井下作业环境，威胁生产安全，所以矿山一直以来不能使用选厂氰化尾矿作为充填材料，造成了极大的浪费以及充填成本的升高。该方案投入使用之后，尾矿经过无害化脱氰并制成膏体可以安全地作为充填材料充填井下，有效利用了尾矿资源，且胶凝材料将有害离子进行固化；充填之外的尾矿可以直接排放到露天堆场，污染问题得到治理，维护成本低。总而言之，该方案在降低充填成本的同时保护了生态环境、提升了矿区的安全性、提高了矿山的经济效益。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种黄金矿山氰化尾矿膏体处置方法，其特征在于：
    一、将选厂得到的氰化尾砂料浆进行无害化脱氰；
    二、将步骤一中已经无害化脱氰的尾砂输送至深锥浓密机中，经过浓密脱水，达到设定的底流浓度，而溢流水回收到选厂循环利用；
    三、需要充填时，将步骤二中的底流输送至搅拌机，添加胶凝材料起到固化作用，防止氰化物的滤出，二段卧式搅拌机均质化搅拌后制成的膏体采用柱塞泵输送至井下采空区，进行充填；
    四、不需要充填时，将步骤二中的底流直接进入柱塞泵输送至露天堆场进行露天堆存。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种黄金矿山氰化尾矿膏体处置方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一中无害化脱氰后尾矿料浆中的氰离子浓度控制在0.1mg/L以下。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种黄金矿山氰化尾矿膏体处置方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中深锥浓密机浓密脱水后得到的底流浓度为65-70％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种黄金矿山氰化尾矿膏体处置方法，其特征在于：所述步骤三中的胶凝材料用量根据井下采矿方法需要的充填体强度的要求来选取。
PCT/CN2018/089053 2017-10-17 2018-05-30 一种黄金矿山氰化尾矿膏体处置方法 WO2019076061A1 (zh)

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CN114100844A (zh) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-01 河南金源黄金矿业有限责任公司 一种用于尾矿综合回收和浓缩排放的工艺

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