WO2019071996A1 - 一种重金属污染土壤净化方法 - Google Patents

一种重金属污染土壤净化方法 Download PDF

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WO2019071996A1
WO2019071996A1 PCT/CN2018/097783 CN2018097783W WO2019071996A1 WO 2019071996 A1 WO2019071996 A1 WO 2019071996A1 CN 2018097783 W CN2018097783 W CN 2018097783W WO 2019071996 A1 WO2019071996 A1 WO 2019071996A1
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soil
purifying
heavy metal
treatment
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PCT/CN2018/097783
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French (fr)
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马跃
李伟
高飞
佟盛双
王洪志
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大连地拓环境科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2019071996A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019071996A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/08Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of soil treatment, in particular to a method for purifying soil contaminated with heavy metals.
  • the heavy metal elements in the waste rock tailings slag, the smelting wastewater and the exhaust dust are the main pollution sources in the mining area, and the heavy metals in the surrounding soil increase through pollution irrigation and atmospheric dust reduction. Thereby the soil, surface water and groundwater are polluted.
  • Known methods for soil purification include the use of soil particles having a smaller particle size in the soil, and the more the amount of pollutants attached to the soil, the application of a large amount of water to muddy the soil contaminated with heavy metals, and then the wet classification treatment to remove the fine particles.
  • the problem with this method is that the sewage treatment step generated by muddylization and the dehydration step for treating the residue are costly; another problem is that if the content of pollutants in the contaminated soil is too high, the large-grain soil is removed. After that, it is impossible to produce clean soil that can be reused.
  • a method for purifying heavy metal contaminated soil comprising the following steps:
  • the soil mixed with the stabilizer is stored for 10 to 15 days, and then naturally air-dried to obtain a purified soil.
  • step (1) calcined gypsum is added in an amount of 1.2 to 1.5 times the water content of the contaminated soil, and the soil moisture content after dehydration is 5% or less.
  • step (2) crusher is preferably a impact crusher.
  • step (3) classification processing device is preferably a vibrating screen.
  • step (4) iron powder is added in an amount of 0.3% to 1.0% of the soil mass.
  • step (5) dry magnetic separator has a magnetic field strength of 0.2 to 0.5T.
  • step (7) maintains a soil moisture content of 50% to 60% during the storage process.
  • the invention can effectively remove a plurality of heavy metals in the soil, in particular, the Pb and As treatment effects are good, and the pretreatment, the classification treatment and the dry magnetic separation treatment steps are dry treatments, and the water treatment can be used without using water.
  • a part of the purified soil is obtained, and the soil enriched with the pollutants is stabilized to prepare the purified soil.
  • the water consumption is small, and no polluted water and waste residue are generated.
  • the contaminated soil can be completely made into purified soil, the process is simple, the cost is low, and the treatment effect is good.
  • a method for purifying a heavy metal contaminated soil includes the following steps:
  • the soil mixed with the stabilizer is stored for 10 days, the soil moisture is kept at 50%, and then naturally dried to obtain a purified soil.
  • +2mm grain-level purification of soil Pb content decreased to 33mg/kg, As content decreased to 15mg/kg; non-magnetic material purification soil: Pb content decreased to 30mg/kg, As content decreased to 15mg/kg; after stabilization treatment Purification of the soil: the Pb content was reduced to 25 mg/kg, and the As content was reduced to 13 mg/kg. The soil after purification treatment reached safety standards.
  • a method for purifying a heavy metal contaminated soil includes the following steps:
  • the soil mixed with the stabilizer is stored for 13 days, the soil moisture is maintained at 55%, and then naturally air-dried to obtain a purified soil.
  • +2mm grain-level purification of soil Pb content decreased to 32mg/kg, As content decreased to 14mg/kg, Cu content decreased to 22mg/kg; non-magnetic material purified soil: Pb content decreased to 32mg/kg, As content decreased to 13mg /kg, Cu content decreased to 21mg/kg; purified soil after stabilization treatment: Pb content decreased to 28mg/kg, As content decreased to 11mg/kg, and Cu content decreased to 20mg/kg.
  • the soil after purification treatment reached safety standards.
  • a method for purifying a heavy metal contaminated soil includes the following steps:
  • the soil mixed with the stabilizer is stored for 15 days, the soil moisture is maintained at 60%, and then naturally dried to obtain a purified soil.
  • +2mm grain-level purification of soil Pb content decreased to 30mg/kg, As content decreased to 15mg/kg, Cd content decreased to 0.8mg/kg; non-magnetic material purified soil: Pb content decreased to 29mg/kg, As content decreased to 14mg/kg, the Cd content decreased to 0.8mg/kg; the purified soil after stabilization treatment: the Pb content decreased to 27mg/kg, the As content decreased to 12mg/kg, and the Cd content decreased to 0.6mg/kg.
  • the soil after purification treatment reached safety standards.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,包括以下步骤:添加烧石膏进行脱水处理;破碎处理;干式分级为+2mm粒级的净化土壤,0.15mm~2mm粒级的土壤,以及-0.15mm粒级污染物富集的土壤;0.15mm~2mm粒级的土壤中添加铁粉进行干式磁选,得到非磁着物净化土壤和磁着物土壤;将-0.15mm粒级污染物富集的土壤和磁着物土壤添加稳定剂混匀,堆存10~15天,然后自然风干,得到净化土壤。本发明能有效的去除土壤中的多种重金属,尤其对Pb、As处理效果较好。整个处理过程,用水量少,且不产生污染水和废渣,可以将污染的土壤全部制成净化土壤,过程简单,成本低,处理效果好。

Description

一种重金属污染土壤净化方法 技术领域
本发明涉及土壤治理技术领域,特别是一种重金属污染土壤净化方法。
背景技术
矿产资源开采,尤其是金属矿产资源开采过程中,废石尾矿渣、选冶废水、废气浮尘中的重金属元素都是矿区环境的主要污染源,通过污染灌溉、大气降尘等导致周围土壤中重金属含量增加,从而使土壤、地表水、地下水受到污染。
已知的土壤净化方法有利用土壤中粒径越小的土壤粒子污染物质附着量越多的特性,应用大量的水使重金属污染的土壤泥浆化,然后进行湿式分级处理将细粒产物去除。但此方法所存在的问题是:泥浆化所产生的污水处理步骤及用来处理残渣的脱水步骤成本较大;另一问题是如果污染土壤中污染物质含量过高的情况下,去除大颗粒土壤后,无法产生可再利用的干净土。
另外,有技术提出使用湿式磁选机或干式磁选机将污染物富集成磁着物,并进行分离的方法。但是此方法可以减少污染物质,存在溶出性污染物质除去能力不足的问题。
另外,还有技术提出在污染土壤中添加铁粉吸附污染物质,然后由磁选机将吸附污染物质的铁粉回收除去,从而得到净化土壤的方法。此方法可以去除溶出性污染物质,但是此方法是湿式处理,需要大量的水进行泥浆化,且需要脱水设备进行脱水,成本高,另外磁选出的含污染物质的土壤也没有进行后续处理。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,以解决背景技术中存在的问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将待处理的污染土壤添加烧石膏混匀,静置2~3小时,进行脱水处理;
(2)将脱水后的土壤进行破碎处理;
(3)将破碎后的土壤进行干式分级处理,分级出+2mm粒级的净化土壤,0.15mm~2mm粒级的土壤,以及-0.15mm粒级污染物富集的土壤;
(4)将铁粉添加到0.15mm~2mm粒级的土壤中混匀;
(5)将添加铁粉混匀后的土壤进行干式磁选,得到非磁着物净化土壤和磁着物土壤;
(6)将-0.15mm粒级污染物富集的土壤和磁着物土壤添加稳定剂混匀,稳定剂添加量为土壤质量的10%~15%;
(7)将添加稳定剂混匀后的土壤进行堆存10~15天,然后自然风干,得到净化土壤。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)烧石膏添加量为污染土壤含水量的1.2~1.5倍,脱水后土壤含水量5%以下。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)破碎机优选反击式破碎机。
进一步地,所述步骤(3)分级处理设备优选振动筛。
进一步地,所述步骤(4)铁粉添加量为土壤质量的0.3%~1.0%。
进一步地,所述步骤(5)干式磁选机磁场强度为0.2~0.5T。
进一步地,所述步骤(6)稳定剂由硫酸改性粉煤灰、石灰、磷酸改性凹凸棒土、柠檬酸组成,各组分添加质量比为硫酸改性粉煤灰∶石灰∶磷酸改性凹凸棒土∶柠檬酸=1∶2∶1∶0.01。
进一步地,所述步骤(7)堆存过程中保持土壤水分含量50%~60%。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明能有效的去除土壤中的多种重金属,尤其对Pb、As处理效果较好,而且预处理、分级处理、干式磁选处理步骤均为干式处理,在不使用水的情况下可得到一部分净化土,另外对富集污染物质的土壤进行稳定化处理制成净化土壤。整个处理过程,用水量少,且不产生污染水和废渣,可以将污染的土壤全部制成净化土,过程简单,成本低,处理效果好。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述地实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
某矿山废弃地重金属污染土壤,土壤含水量15%,污染因子为Pb、As,其中Pb含量1022mg/kg,As含量301mg/kg。
本实施例一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将待处理的污染土壤添加含水量1.2倍的烧石膏混匀,静置2小时,进行脱水处理;
(2)用反击式破碎机将脱水后的土壤进行破碎处理;
(3)用振动筛将破碎后的土壤进行干式分级处理,分级出+2mm粒级的净化土壤,0.15mm~2mm粒级的土壤,以及-0.15mm粒级污染物富集的土壤;
(4)将土壤质量的0.3%铁粉添加到-0.15mm-2mm粒级的土壤中混匀;
(5)将添加铁粉混匀后的-0.15mm-2mm粒级的土壤进行干式磁选,磁场强度0.2T,得到非磁着物净化土壤和磁着物土壤;
(6)将-0.15mm粒级污染物富集的土壤和磁着物土壤添加10%的稳定剂混匀;
(7)将添加稳定剂混匀后的土壤进行堆存10天,保持土壤水分50%,然后自然风干,得到净化土壤。
处理后土壤污染因子含量:
+2mm粒级净化土壤:Pb含量降为33mg/kg,As含量降为15mg/kg;非磁着物净化土壤:Pb含量降为30mg/kg,As含量降为15mg/kg;稳定化处理后的净化土壤:Pb含量降为25mg/kg,As含量降为13mg/kg。各净化处理后的土壤均达到安全标准。
实施例2
某矿山废弃地重金属污染土壤,土壤含水量18%,污染因子为Pb、As、Cu,其中Pb含量1132mg/kg,As含量314mg/kg,Cu含量241mg/kg。
本实施例一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将待处理的污染土壤添加含水量1.3倍的烧石膏混匀,静置2.5小时,进行脱水处理;
(2)用反击式破碎机将脱水后的土壤进行破碎处理;
(3)用振动筛将破碎后的土壤进行干式分级处理,分级出+2mm粒级的净化土壤,0.15mm~2mm粒级的土壤,以及-0.15mm粒级污染物富集的土壤;
(4)将土壤质量的0.6%铁粉添加到0.15mm~2mm粒级的土壤中混匀;
(5)将添加铁粉混匀后的0.15mm~2mm粒级的土壤进行干式磁选,磁场强度0.35T得到非磁着物净化土壤和磁着物土壤;
(6)将-0.15mm粒级污染物富集的土壤和磁着物土壤添加13%的稳定剂混匀;
(7)将添加稳定剂混匀后的土壤进行堆存13天,保持土壤水分55%,然后自然风干,得到净化土壤。
处理后土壤污染因子含量:
+2mm粒级净化土壤:Pb含量降为32mg/kg,As含量降为14mg/kg,Cu含量降为22mg/kg;非磁着物净化土壤:Pb含量降为32mg/kg,As含量降为13mg/kg,Cu含量降为21mg/kg;稳定化处理后的净化土壤:Pb含量降为28mg/kg,As含量降为11mg/kg,Cu含量降为20mg/kg。各净化处理后的土壤均达到安全标准。
实施例3
某矿山废弃地重金属污染土壤,土壤含水量20%,污染因子为Pb、As、Cd,其中Pb含量1103mg/kg,As含量325mg/kg,Cd含量6.8mg/kg。
本实施例一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将待处理的污染土壤添加含水量1.5倍的烧石膏混匀,静置3小时,进行脱水处理;
(2)用反击式破碎机将脱水后的土壤进行破碎处理;
(3)用振动筛将破碎后的土壤进行干式分级处理,分级出+2mm粒级的净化土壤,0.15mm~2mm粒级的土壤,以及-0.15mm粒级污染物富集的土壤;
(4)将土壤质量的1.0%铁粉添加到0.15mm~2mm粒级的土壤中混匀;
(5)将添加铁粉混匀后的0.15mm~2mm粒级的土壤进行干式磁选,磁场强度0.5T得到非磁着物净化土壤和磁着物土壤;
(6)将-0.15mm粒级污染物富集的土壤和磁着物土壤添加15%的稳定剂混匀;
(7)将添加稳定剂混匀后的土壤进行堆存15天,保持土壤水分60%,然后自然风干,得到净化土壤。
处理后土壤污染因子含量:
+2mm粒级净化土壤:Pb含量降为30mg/kg,As含量降为15mg/kg,Cd含量降为0.8mg/kg;非磁着物净化土壤:Pb含量降为29mg/kg,As含量降为14mg/kg,Cd含量降为0.8mg/kg;稳定化处理后的净化土壤:Pb含量降为27mg/kg,As含量降为12mg/kg,Cd含量降为0.6mg/kg。各净化处理后的土壤均达到安全标准。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,包括以下步骤:
    (1)将待处理的污染土壤添加烧石膏混匀,静置2~3小时,进行脱水处理;
    (2)将脱水后的土壤进行破碎处理;
    (3)将破碎后的土壤进行干式分级处理,分级出+2mm粒级的净化土壤,0.15mm~2mm粒级的土壤,以及-0.15mm粒级污染物富集的土壤;
    (4)将铁粉添加到0.15mm~2mm粒级的土壤中混匀;
    (5)将添加铁粉混匀后的土壤进行干式磁选,得到非磁着物净化土壤和磁着物土壤;
    (6)将-0.15mm粒级污染物富集的土壤和磁着物土壤添加稳定剂混匀,稳定剂添加量为土壤质量的10%~15%;
    (7)将添加稳定剂混匀后的土壤进行堆存10~15天,然后自然风干,得到净化土壤。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)烧石膏添加量为污染土壤含水量的1.2~1.5倍,脱水后土壤含水量5%以下。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)破碎机优选反击式破碎机。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)分级处理设备优选振动筛。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)铁粉添加量为土壤质量的0.3%~1.0%。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)干式磁选机磁场强度为0.2~0.5T。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(6)稳定剂由硫酸改性粉煤灰、石灰、磷酸改性凹凸棒土、柠檬酸组成,各组分添加质量比为硫酸改性粉煤灰∶石灰∶磷酸改性凹凸棒土∶柠檬酸=1∶2∶1∶0.01。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种重金属污染土壤净化方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(7)堆存过程中保持土壤水分含量50%~60%。
PCT/CN2018/097783 2017-10-12 2018-07-31 一种重金属污染土壤净化方法 WO2019071996A1 (zh)

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