WO2019061273A1 - 一种过滤用棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种过滤用棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019061273A1
WO2019061273A1 PCT/CN2017/104339 CN2017104339W WO2019061273A1 WO 2019061273 A1 WO2019061273 A1 WO 2019061273A1 CN 2017104339 W CN2017104339 W CN 2017104339W WO 2019061273 A1 WO2019061273 A1 WO 2019061273A1
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Prior art keywords
cotton stalk
woven fabric
fiber
chitosan
hot pressing
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PCT/CN2017/104339
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
侯秀良
杨丹
马博谋
潘刚伟
刘国维
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江南大学
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Priority to US16/368,468 priority Critical patent/US11383189B2/en
Publication of WO2019061273A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019061273A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/18—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
    • D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
    • D21B1/30—Defibrating by other means
    • D21B1/36—Explosive disintegration by sudden pressure reduction
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21D—TREATMENT OF THE MATERIALS BEFORE PASSING TO THE PAPER-MAKING MACHINE
    • D21D1/00—Methods of beating or refining; Beaters of the Hollander type
    • D21D1/02—Methods of beating; Beaters of the Hollander type
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21D—TREATMENT OF THE MATERIALS BEFORE PASSING TO THE PAPER-MAKING MACHINE
    • D21D1/00—Methods of beating or refining; Beaters of the Hollander type
    • D21D1/20—Methods of refining
    • D21D1/40—Washing the fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F13/00—Making discontinuous sheets of paper, pulpboard or cardboard, or of wet web, for fibreboard production
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/12—Pulp from non-woody plants or crops, e.g. cotton, flax, straw, bagasse
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
    • D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/36—Biocidal agents, e.g. fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/08—Filter paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0442—Antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0618—Non-woven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
    • B01D2239/1225—Fibre length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
    • B01D2239/1233—Fibre diameter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a preparation method of cotton stalk skin fiber and chitosan composite non-woven fabric for filtration, and belongs to the technical field of fiber materials.
  • Cotton stalks can be processed into feed and fertilizer, produce ethanol, and used in textiles, composites and other fields. However, for a long time, most of the cotton straw is burned as waste, resulting in waste of resources.
  • the utilization of cotton stalk fiber mainly includes: (1) preparation of cotton stalk fiber by alkali treatment, such as the invention patent "a method for directly degumming cotton stalk cellulose fiber by cotton stalk" (CN102286789A) The method for treating the cotton stalk fiber is prepared; (2) the method of combining the steam blasting-KOH-H 2 O 2 is used to extract the cotton stalk fiber which has a fineness of 27 dtex and can be applied to the spinning and weaving; The cotton stalk skin is obtained by flashing, and then composited with a thermoplastic material to prepare a composite board.
  • alkali treatment such as the invention patent "a method for directly degumming cotton stalk cellulose fiber by cotton stalk" (CN102286789A)
  • the method for treating the cotton stalk fiber is prepared
  • (2) the method of combining the steam blasting-KOH-H 2 O 2 is used to extract the cotton stalk fiber which has a fineness of 27 dtex and can be applied to the spinning and weaving
  • the cotton stalk skin is obtained by flashing, and then composited with a thermoplastic
  • the existing air particulate matter is filtered, and most materials such as cotton non-woven fabric are used to increase the filtration efficiency by increasing the thickness and density of the material, but the cotton fiber resources are limited and the cost is high; the filter material prepared by using synthetic fiber such as PP as a raw material, the cost Low, but easy to breed bacteria.
  • an antibacterial antibacterial filter material using PP impregnated nano TiO 2 dispersion was studied.
  • the composite antibacterial nanofiber air filter material is mainly prepared by electrospinning, and the filtering effect of the material is good, but the electrospinning process is complicated and is not suitable for industrialization and mass production.
  • Most of the raw materials used are petroleum-based chemical materials such as PP, which are not easily degraded, and will cause environmental pollution after the materials are discarded.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a non-woven fabric for filtration, which is prepared by combining steam flash explosion, papermaking and hot pressing to obtain a soft cotton stalk/shell suitable for filtration. Glycan non-woven fabric.
  • the invention adopts a steam explosion process test bench to separate the cotton stalk skin into fibers, and the papermaking method makes the fiber distribution in the formed gasket uniform and isotropic, and the addition of chitosan enhances the gasket strength, antibacterial property and filtration performance, Hot pressing makes the finished product thin, the surface smooth and the gasket more compact.
  • the preparation method of the cotton stalk skin fiber and the chitosan composite non-woven fabric for filtering according to the invention comprises: beating the cotton stalk skin fiber from which the bulk impurities are removed, and then copying the chitosan solution, and then preparing the fiber by first hot pressing.
  • the sheet is washed with a lye, the fiber sheet is washed, and the fiber sheet is double-heated to form a cotton stalk fiber and a chitosan composite non-woven fabric.
  • the process of the method is: cotton stalk skin ⁇ cutting ⁇ soaking ⁇ fractional steam blasting ⁇ cleaning ⁇ beating ⁇ making ⁇ implanting chitosan solution ⁇ primary hot pressing ⁇ NaOH solution washing ⁇ cleaning ⁇ Secondary hot pressing ⁇ cotton stalk fiber/chitosan composite non-woven fabric.
  • the cotton stalk fiber is prepared by cutting into a length of a piece, then immersing in water, immersing and then performing multiple steam explosions, then washing and removing blocky impurities to obtain cotton stalk skin. fiber.
  • the fractional flash explosion the soaked cotton stalk skin is loaded into a flash blaster silo, and saturated steam is introduced to make the saturated water vapor pressure reach 1.5 to 2 MPa, and the saturated water vapor pressure is maintained. After 40-80s, it flashes; repeat this flashing step, exploding 3 to 5 times.
  • the beating is to control the cotton stalk skin mass concentration to be 40-80%, and after a period of time, the pulp is beaten, and the obtained cotton stalk skin fiber fineness is 25 to 50 dtex, and the obtained fiber length is 5 to 10 mm.
  • the papermaking is to weigh the cotton stalk skin fiber after being beaten, and use a deconstructing machine to disintegrate for 5 to 10 minutes, and continue to add water to produce a cotton stalk fiber sheet.
  • the impregnated chitosan solution is a chitosan acetic acid solution impregnated with a chitosan concentration of 2.5 to 25 g/L.
  • the initial hot pressing is hot pressing at a pressure of 100 to 110 ° C and a pressure of 1 to 3 MPa for 5 to 10 minutes.
  • the lye washing is performed by drying the fiber sheet prepared in the previous step and immersing it in a KOH or NaOH solution having a mass concentration of 0.05 to 0.5%.
  • the secondary hot pressing is performed at 105 to 120 ° C under a pressure of 1 to 3 MPa for 5 to 10 minutes.
  • the method is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
  • Beating beat with a frequency-adjusting beater to control the concentration of the slurry to be 60%, and after sloughing for 5 to 10 minutes, beat the pulp for 10 min to 25 min respectively; control the obtained cotton stalk skin fiber fineness 25 to 50 dtex, and obtain the fiber length of 5 to 10 mm;
  • Papermaking Weigh the fibers after baking and then dry them to dryness. Add water and use a disintegrator to disperse the solution for 5 to 10 minutes. Add water again to make a tablet. Add 2L of water per 2 to 5g of dry fiber and then add it to 10L;
  • impregnated chitosan solution the cotton stalk skin fiber sheet after the preparation is immersed in a chitosan acetic acid solution (the concentration of the acetic acid solution is 1 wt%) having a concentration of 2.5 to 025 g/L, and the excess liquid is scraped off;
  • Soaking During the soaking process, a large amount of water molecules enter the interior of the cotton stalk skin. These water molecules can impact the cotton stalk skin in the form of high-pressure steam in the process of steam flashing, thus contributing to the cotton stalk skin. Quickly separate into fibers.
  • steam flash explosion can remove the pectin, water soluble matter, hemicellulose and part of lignin in the cotton stalk skin, thereby separating the cotton stalk skin.
  • the fractional flash explosion method makes full use of the physical process of steam flash explosion to separate the cotton stalk skin by high temperature and high pressure steam injection. By increasing the number of flash explosions, the separation effect of the cotton stalk fiber can be improved under the condition of lower saturated steam pressure, and the damage caused by the high temperature on the fiber can be reduced to fully protect the properties of the separated cotton stalk fiber.
  • the main function of cleaning is to remove the small flake-like impurities adhered to the fibers after the flash explosion.
  • the purpose of beating is to disperse and disperse the fibers to make the fibers thinner and shorter, which is suitable for the papermaking process;
  • the paper is made in order to evenly spread the fibers into a sheet, and the fibers in the gasket are isotropic.
  • Adding chitosan can utilize the film-forming type of chitosan to enhance the mechanical properties (especially wet strength), filtration performance and antibacterial properties of the gasket.
  • Hot pressing can make the surface of the final formed gasket smooth, thin and uniform, and also has a certain reinforcement effect.
  • the cotton stalk fiber/chitosan composite non-woven fabric prepared by the method of the invention has the characteristics of softness, antibacterial property, good filtering performance, low preparation raw material and simple preparation process; wherein the pore diameter within 27 ⁇ m reaches 98.3%, It has good particle barrier properties.
  • the particle size is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, the filtration efficiency is 94.50%, and when the particle size is 1 ⁇ m or more, the filtration efficiency is 99.55%.
  • the present invention Compared with the conventional non-woven fabric for electrospinning filtration, the present invention first uses steam flash explosion pretreatment to separate the cotton stalk skin, and then forms it by papermaking papermaking method, and finally adds chitosan to enhance mechanical properties and filtration. Efficiency, simple process, environmental protection, and adapt to industrial production.
  • the non-woven fabric is made of lignin-rich cotton stalk fiber and chitosan, so that the non-woven fabric has good antibacterial properties.
  • the cotton stalk skin and chitosan used in the invention are all bio-based materials, which can be degraded in the natural environment after use, reducing the environmental burden; about 30% of the cotton stalk skin fiber after flash explosion
  • Both lignin and chitosan have good antibacterial properties, and can reduce or avoid the deposition of dust particles and bacterial growth in a warm and humid environment in the use of a respiratory filter.
  • the invention adopts steam flash explosion pretreatment, combined with papermaking and hot pressing to obtain composite non-woven fabric of cotton stalk skin fiber and chitosan, avoiding the problem of industrialization and mass production difficulty of electrospinning method. .
  • Figure 1 is a cotton stalk fiber/chitosan composite nonwoven fabric prepared in Example 1;
  • Example 2 is a pore diameter distribution diagram of a cotton stalk fiber/chitosan composite nonwoven fabric prepared in Example 1;
  • Example 3 is a filtration efficiency of the cotton stalk fiber/chitosan composite nonwoven fabric prepared in Example 1;
  • Example 4 is a softness test of the cotton stalk fiber/chitosan composite nonwoven fabric prepared in Example 1;
  • Example 5 is a pore diameter distribution diagram of a cotton stalk fiber/chitosan composite nonwoven fabric prepared in Example 2;
  • Example 6 is a filtration efficiency of the cotton stalk fiber/chitosan composite nonwoven fabric prepared in Example 2;
  • Example 7 is a softness test of the cotton stalk fiber/chitosan composite nonwoven fabric prepared in Example 2.
  • Example 8 is a pore diameter distribution diagram of a cotton stalk fiber/chitosan composite nonwoven fabric prepared in Example 3;
  • Figure 11 is a pictorial view of a cotton stalk non-woven fabric prepared in Comparative Example 2.
  • Aperture determination CFP-1100A capillary flow pore measuring instrument (Stowell Co., Ltd.);
  • the invention firstly pretreats the cotton stalk skin by using a steam explosion test bench, partially degrades the hemicellulose and lignin in the cotton stalk skin, fully separates the cotton stalk skin into fibers, and then uses the method of beating and making to make the cotton stalk skin fiber. Uniformly formed into pieces, then added with chitosan solution for reinforcement treatment, and finally hot-pressed to obtain a soft, smooth, flat cotton stalk/chitosan composite non-woven fabric suitable for filtration.
  • Beating using a frequency modulation beater to beat, control the concentration of the slurry to be 60%, after 5 minutes of sparse, beaten for 15 minutes;
  • Papermaking Weigh 4g of pulp after drying and drying to absolute dryness, add water to 2L, then use a deconstruction machine to disintegrate for 10min, then add water to 10L to make a piece;
  • the non-woven fabric prepared in this example has a pore size of 98.3% within 27 ⁇ m and has good particle barrier properties.
  • the particle size is 0.5 ⁇ m or more
  • the filtration efficiency is 94.50% or more.
  • the particle diameter is 1 ⁇ m or more
  • the filtration efficiency is 99.55% or more.
  • the prepared cotton stalk/chitosan composite non-woven fabric has good softness.
  • Beating using a frequency modulation beater to beat, control the concentration of the slurry to be 60%, after 5 minutes of sparse, beating for 20 minutes;
  • Papermaking Weigh 5g of pulp after drying and drying to absolute dryness, add water to 2L, then use a disintegrator to disperse for 10min, then add water to 10L to make a piece;
  • the pore size distribution, filtration effect and softness performance of the non-woven fabric prepared according to the method of the present embodiment are as shown in FIG. 5, respectively.
  • Figure 6 and Figure 7. The results show that the non-woven fabric prepared by the method of the present embodiment has a pore diameter of more than 98% within 27 ⁇ m and has good particle barrier property; when the particle diameter is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, the filtration efficiency is 87% or more, when the particle size is When the ratio is 1 ⁇ m or more, the filtration efficiency is 98% or more; and the flexibility is good.
  • Beating Beating with a frequency-adjusting beater, controlling the concentration of the slurry is not 60%, after 5 minutes of sparse, beating for 10 minutes;
  • Papermaking weigh 2g of pulp after drying and drying to absolute dryness, add water to 2L, then use a disintegrator to disperse for 10min, then add water to 10L to make a piece;
  • the pore size distribution, filtration effect and softness performance of the nonwoven fabric prepared according to the method of the present embodiment are shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 9, and Fig. 10, respectively.
  • the results show that the non-woven fabric prepared by the method of the present embodiment has a pore size of about 90% between 13 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m, and has good particle barrier property; when the particle size is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, the filtration efficiency is 89% or more. When the particle size of the particles is 1 ⁇ m or more, the filtration efficiency is 98% or more; and the flexibility is good.
  • Beating beat with a frequency-adjusting beater to control the concentration of the slurry to 40%, and after 6 minutes of spalling, beaten for 10 minutes;
  • Papermaking weigh 2g of pulp after drying and drying to absolute dryness, add water to 2L, and then use a deconstruction machine to dissolve for 5min. Add water to 10L to make a piece;
  • the non-woven fabric prepared in the present embodiment has a pore diameter of 97% within 27 ⁇ m, a filtration efficiency of 85% or more when the particle diameter is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, and a filtration efficiency of 98% or more when the particle diameter is 1 ⁇ m or more.
  • Beating using a frequency modulation beater to beat, control the concentration of the slurry to 80%, after 10 minutes of sparse, beaten for 25 minutes;
  • Papermaking weigh 5g of pulp after drying and drying to absolute dryness, add water to 4L, then use a disintegrator to disperse for 10min, then add water to 10L to make a piece;
  • the non-woven fabric prepared in this embodiment has a pore diameter of 97% or more within 27 ⁇ m and has good particle barrier property.
  • the particle diameter is 0.5 ⁇ m or more
  • the filtration efficiency is 92% or more
  • the particle diameter is 1 ⁇ m or more.
  • the filtration efficiency is 99.2% or more.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the step of impregnating the chitosan solution is omitted, specifically:
  • Beating using a frequency modulation beater to beat, control the concentration of the slurry to be 60%, after 5 minutes of sparse, beaten for 15 minutes;
  • Papermaking Weigh 4g of pulp after drying and drying to absolute dryness, add water to 2L, then use a deconstruction machine to disintegrate for 10min, then add water to 10L to make a piece;
  • Hot pressing The washed shims were placed in a flat hot press and hot pressed at 120 ° C under a pressure of 3 MPa for 10 min to prepare a cotton stalk/chitosan composite non-woven fabric.
  • the cotton stalk non-woven fabric obtained in the above experiment has poor wet strength, and cannot be soaked in a NaOH solution or a water washing step, and the pore diameter and filtration efficiency test cannot be performed, and it is not suitable for use.
  • the step of making the papermaking is omitted, and the film is manually laid in the funnel, specifically:
  • Beating using a frequency modulation beater to beat, control the concentration of the slurry to be 60%, after 5 minutes of sparse, beaten for 15 minutes;
  • the cotton stalk skin non-woven fabric obtained in the above experiment (Fig. 11) has obvious thickness unevenness and visible holes, and the aperture cannot be performed. Filtration efficiency test, not suitable for use.
  • the step of pulverizing is omitted, specifically:
  • Papermaking Weigh 4g of pulp after drying and drying to absolute dryness, add water to 2L, then use a disintegrator to disperse for 10min, then add water to 10L to make a piece;
  • the cotton stalk non-woven fabric obtained in the above experiment has coarser fibers, severe interfiber adhesion, poor fiber dispersion, and uneven thickness. There are visible holes in the cotton stalk non-woven fabric, and the pore diameter and filtration efficiency test cannot be performed. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

一种过滤用棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布的制备方法，该方法先采用蒸汽闪爆预处理使棉秆皮分离，再用造纸抄纸的方法成型，最后加入壳聚糖增强力学性能与过滤效率，工艺流程简便、环保，适应工业化生产。该非织造布以富含木质素的棉秆皮纤维、壳聚糖为原料，使该非织布具有良好的抗菌性能。棉秆皮、壳聚糖都是生物基材料，使用后可在自然环境中降解，减少环境负担，同时避免了静电纺丝方法工业化、大批量生产困难的问题。

Description

一种过滤用棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种过滤用棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布的制备方法，属于纤维材料技术领域。
背景技术
中国是全球最大的棉花生产国，棉花年产率约占全球30％。棉秆皮年产量高达2000万吨，而资源的利用率仅占5％左右。棉秆皮经加工可制成饲料和肥料，生产乙醇，及应用于纺织、复合材料等领域。但在较长时间内，棉秸秆大部分被当作废料烧掉，导致资源浪费。
目前，棉秆皮纤维的利用方面主要有：(1)碱处理制备棉秆皮纤维，如发明专利《一种棉秆直接脱胶制备棉秆皮纤维素纤维的方法》(CN102286789A)介绍了用碱处理的方法制备棉秆皮纤维；(2)通过蒸汽闪爆-KOH-H2O2联合使用的方法，提取出细度为27dtex，可应用于纺纱、织造的棉秆皮纤维；(3)棉秆皮通过闪爆制得纤维，再与热塑性材料复合制备复合板材。
将棉秆皮纤维应用在空气颗粒物过滤领域是一个全新的突破。
已有的空气颗粒物过滤，多采用棉非织布等材料，通过增加材料的厚度、密度来提升过滤效率，但棉纤维资源有限，成本高；采用合成纤维如PP为原料制备的过滤材料，成本低，但容易滋生细菌。为提高其抗菌性能，有人研究采用PP浸渍纳米TiO2分散液的抗菌抑菌过滤材料。复合抗菌纳米纤维空气过滤材料主要是通过静电纺制备得到，材料的过滤效果好，但是静电纺工艺复杂且不适合工业化、大批量生产。所用原料多为PP等石油基化学材料，不易降解，材料废弃后会造成环境污染。
因此，有必要开发新的技术解决目前存在的这些问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种过滤用非织布的制备方法，通过分次蒸汽闪爆和抄造、热压相结合，制备得到了柔软、适合于过滤用棉秆皮/壳聚糖非织布。本发明采用汽爆工艺试验台使棉秆皮分离成纤维，抄造的方式使得成型后的垫片中纤维分布均匀且各向同性，壳聚糖的添加增强垫片强力，抗菌性能与过滤性能，热压使得成品薄、表面光滑且垫片更加紧实。
本发明的过滤用棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布的制备方法，包括将去除块状杂质的棉秆皮纤维打浆后抄造成片，然后浸泡壳聚糖溶液，初次热压制备纤维片，再碱液洗涤纤维片、清洗纤维片，二次热压制成棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布。
在一种实施方式中，所述方法的流程为：棉秆皮→切割→浸泡→分次蒸汽闪爆→清洗→打浆→抄造→浸渍壳聚糖溶液→初次热压→NaOH溶液洗涤→清洗→二次热压→棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布。
在一种实施方式中，所述棉秆皮纤维的制备，是先切割成一定长度的片段，然后用水浸泡，浸泡后进行多次蒸汽闪爆，然后水洗并去除块状杂质，得到棉秆皮纤维。
在一种实施方式中，所述分次闪爆：将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆机料仓，通入饱和水蒸汽，使饱和水蒸汽压强到达1.5～2MPa，维持饱和水蒸汽压强40-80s后闪爆；重复此闪爆步骤，爆3～5次。
在一种实施方式中，所述打浆是控制棉秆皮质量浓度为40-80％，疏解一段时间后打浆，控制所得棉秆皮纤维细度25～50dtex，所得纤维长度5～10mm。
在一种实施方式中，所述抄造是称取打浆后烘干的棉秆皮纤维，使用疏解机疏解5～10min，继续加水抄造成棉秆皮纤维片。
在一种实施方式中，所述浸渍壳聚糖溶液，是浸渍壳聚糖浓度为2.5～25g/L的壳聚糖醋酸溶液。
在一种实施方式中，所述初次热压是在100～110℃，1～3MPa的压力下热压5-10min。
在一种实施方式中，所述碱液洗涤，是将上一步制备的纤维片烘干后在质量浓度为0.05～0.5％的KOH或者NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤。
在一种实施方式中，所述二次热压是在105～120℃，1～3MPa的压力下热压5～10min。
在一种实施方式中，所述方法，具体按照以下步骤实施：
(1)切割：将棉秆皮切割成1.0－3.0cm的片段；
(2)浸泡：将切割好的棉秆皮置于其质量15-30倍的清水中，在70－90℃水温下浸泡2-8h；
(3)分次闪爆：将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆机料仓，通入饱和水蒸汽，使饱和水蒸汽压强到达1.5～2MPa，维持饱和水蒸汽压强40-80s后闪爆；重复此闪爆步骤，爆3～5次；
(4)清洗：闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下水洗3-5次，去除块状杂质；
(5)打浆：采用调频打浆机打浆，控制浆液浓度为60％，疏解5～10min后，分别打浆10min～25min；控制所得棉秆皮纤维细度25～50dtex，所得纤维长度5～10mm；
(6)抄造：分别称取打浆后烘至绝干的纤维，加水并使用疏解机疏解5～10min，再次加水抄造成片；按照每2～5g的绝干纤维先加2L水再补加至10L；
(7)浸渍壳聚糖溶液：将抄造后的棉秆皮纤维片浸泡在浓度为2.5～025g/L的壳聚糖醋酸溶液(醋酸溶液浓度为1wt％)中，刮除多余液体；
(8)初次热压：将洗净后的纤维片放在平板热压机中，在100～110℃，1～3MPa的压力下热压5-10min，制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合纤维片。
(9)NaOH溶液洗涤：用烘干后的纤维片放入0.05～0.5％的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤；
(10)清洗：用清水反复清洗至中性；
(11)二次热压：将洗净的非织造布放在平板热压机中，在105～120℃，1～3MPa的压力下热压5～10min，制成棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布。
在以上各工序中：
1、浸泡：棉秆皮在浸泡过程中，大量水分子进入棉秆皮内部，这些水分子在蒸汽闪爆过程中能以高压水蒸汽的形式极速冲击棉秆皮，从而有助于棉秆皮快速分离成纤维。
2、蒸汽闪爆可去除棉秆皮中的果胶、水溶物、半纤维素和部分木质素，从而分离棉秆皮。分次闪爆法充分利用了蒸汽闪爆通过高温高压水蒸汽喷射使棉秆皮爆破分离的物理过程。通过增加闪爆次数，可以在较低的饱和蒸汽压力条件下，提高棉秆皮纤维的分离效果，减少高温对纤维造成的损伤，以充分保护分离后的棉秆皮纤维的各项性能。
3、清洗的作用主要是去除闪爆后粘结在纤维上的小片状杂质。
4、打浆的目的是是纤维疏解分散，使纤维变细、变短，适合抄造工艺；
5、抄造是为了是纤维均匀的铺成片状，且垫片中纤维各向同性。
6、加入壳聚糖可以利用壳聚糖的成膜型，增强垫片力学性能(尤其是湿强)、过滤性能和抗菌性能。
7、热压可以使最后成型的垫片表面光滑，厚度薄且均匀，也有一定的加固作用。
本发明的优点和效果：
(1)本发明方法制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布，具有柔软、抗菌、过滤性能良好，制备原料廉价、制备工艺简单的特点；其中，27μm以内的孔径达到98.3％，具有良好的颗粒物阻隔性能，当颗粒物粒径大于等于0.5μm时过滤效率为94.50％，当颗粒物粒径大于等于1μm时过滤效率为99.55％。
(2)与传统的静电纺过滤用非织布相比，本发明先采用蒸汽闪爆预处理使棉秆皮分离，再用造纸抄纸的方法成型，最后加入壳聚糖增强力学性能与过滤效率，工艺流程简便、环保，适应工业化生产。该非织造布以富含木质素的棉秆皮纤维、壳聚糖为原料，使该非织布具有良好的抗菌性能。
(3)与现有的报道中，聚丙烯、聚丙烯腈、涤纶5,6等通过静电纺制备的过滤用非织布和碳纤维制备的高电压过滤PM1.0颗粒的过滤器相比，本发明使用的棉秆皮、壳聚糖都是生物基材料，使用后可在自然环境中降解，减少环境负担；闪爆后棉秆皮纤维中含有的约30％ 的木质素和壳聚糖都具有良好的抗菌性能，在呼吸过滤器的使用中，可以减少或避免粉尘颗粒沉积以及温湿环境下的细菌滋生问题。
(4)本发明采用蒸汽闪爆预处理，结合抄纸、热压的方法制得棉秆皮纤维和壳聚糖的复合非织布，避免了静电纺丝方法工业化、大批量生产困难的问题。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布；
图2为实施例1制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布的孔径直径分布图；
图3为实施例1制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布的过滤效率；
图4为实施例1制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布的柔软性测试；
图5为实施例2制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布的孔径直径分布图；
图6为实施例2制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布的过滤效率；
图7为实施例2制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布的柔软性测试；
图8为实施例3制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布的孔径直径分布图；
图9为实施例3制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布的过滤效率；
图10为实施例3制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布的柔软性测试；
图11为对照例2制备的棉秆皮非织布的表观图片。
具体实施方案
孔径测定：采用CFP-1100A型毛细管流动孔隙测量仪(美国施多威尔有限公司)；
过滤效率测定：采用LZC-H型滤料综合性能测试台(苏州华达仪器设备有限公司)。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明首先采用汽爆工艺试验台预处理棉秆皮，使棉秆皮中的半纤维素和木质素部分降解，棉秆皮充分分离成纤维，然后用打浆、抄造的方法使棉秆皮纤维均匀成片，再加入壳聚糖溶液加固处理，最后热压成型，得到柔软、光滑、平整、适合于过滤用的棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
实施例1
(1)切割：将棉秆皮切割成1.5cm的片段；
(2)浸泡：将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1：15的清水中，在80℃水温下浸泡2h；
(3)分次闪爆：将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽，使饱和水蒸汽压强到达2MPa，维持饱和水蒸汽压强60s后在闪爆；重复此闪爆步骤，爆3次；
(4)清洗：闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗5次，去除块状杂质；
(5)打浆：采用调频打浆机打浆，控制浆液浓度为60％，疏解5min后，打浆15min；
(6)抄造：分别称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料4g，加水至2L后使用疏解机疏解10min，再加水至10L抄造成片；
(7)浸渍壳聚糖溶液：将抄造后的垫片浸泡在2.5g/L的壳聚糖酸溶液中，刮除多余液体；
(8)初次热压：将上述处理后的湿润垫片置于平板热压机中，在105℃、1MPa压力下热压10min；
(9)NaOH溶液洗涤：用烘干后的垫片放入0.5％的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤；
(10)清洗：用清水洗去垫片上残余的NaOH至中性；
(11)二次热压：将洗净的垫片放在平板热压机中，在120℃，3MPa的压力下热压10min，制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
所得复合非织布的图片、孔径分布以及过滤效果分别如下图1、图2、图3所示。如图2-3可知，本实施例制备得到的非织布，27μm以内的孔径达到98.3％，具有良好的颗粒物阻隔性能，当颗粒物粒径大于等于0.5μm时过滤效率为94.50％以上，当颗粒物粒径大于等于1μm时过滤效率为99.55％以上。
此外，如图4所示，制备得到的棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布，柔软性能好。
实施例2
(1)切割：将棉秆皮切割成2cm的片段；
(2)浸泡：将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1：20的清水中，在75℃水温下浸泡3h；
(3)分次闪爆：将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽，使饱和水蒸汽压强到达1.5MPa，维持饱和水蒸汽压强60s后在闪爆；重复此闪爆步骤，爆3次；
(4)清洗：闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗5次，去除块状杂质；
(5)打浆：采用调频打浆机打浆，控制浆液浓度为60％，疏解5min后，打浆20min；
(6)抄造：称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料5g，加水至2L后使用疏解机疏解10min，再加水至10L抄造成片；
(7)浸渍壳聚糖溶液：将抄造后的垫片浸泡在2.5g/L的壳聚糖酸溶液中，刮除多余液体；
(8)初次热压：将上述处理后的湿润垫片置于平板热压机中，在105℃、2MPa下热压5min；
(9)NaOH溶液洗涤：用烘干后的垫片放入0.5％的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤；
(10)清洗：用清水洗去垫片上残余的NaOH至中性；
(11)二次热压：将洗净的垫片放在平板热压机中，在120℃，3MPa的压力下热压10min，制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
按照本实施例方法制备得到的非织布，其孔径分布、过滤效果、柔软性能分别如下图5、 图6、图7所示。结果显示，本实施例方法制备得到的非织布，27μm以内的孔径达到98％以上，具有良好的颗粒物阻隔性能；当颗粒物粒径大于等于0.5μm时过滤效率为87％以上，当颗粒物粒径大于等于1μm时过滤效率为98％以上；柔软性好。
实施例3
(1)切割：将棉秆皮切割成2cm的片段；
(2)浸泡：将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1：30的清水中，在70℃水温下浸泡3h；
(3)分次闪爆：将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽，使饱和水蒸汽压强到达2MPa，维持饱和水蒸汽压强60s后在闪爆；重复此闪爆步骤，爆3次；
(4)清洗：闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗5次，去除块状杂质；
(5)打浆：采用调频打浆机打浆，控制浆液浓度未60％，疏解5min后，打浆10min；
(6)抄造：分别称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料2g，加水至2L后使用疏解机疏解10min，再加水至10L抄造成片；
(7)浸渍壳聚糖溶液：将抄造后的垫片浸泡在15g/L的壳聚糖酸溶液中，刮除多余液体；
(8)初次热压：将上述处理后的湿润垫片置于平板热压机中，在100℃下、1MPa下热压10min；
(9)NaOH溶液洗涤：用烘干后的垫片放入0.5％的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤；
(10)清洗：用清水洗去垫片上残余的NaOH至中性；
(11)二次热压：将洗净的垫片放在平板热压机中，在120℃，5吨的压力下热压10min，制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
按照本实施例方法制备得到的非织布，其孔径分布、过滤效果、柔软性能分别如下图8、图9、图10所示。结果显示，本实施例方法制备得到的非织布，13μm～15μm之间的孔径达到90％左右，具有良好的颗粒物阻隔性能；当颗粒物粒径大于等于0.5μm时过滤效率为89％以上，当颗粒物粒径大于等于1μm时过滤效率为98％以上；柔软性好。
实施例4
(1)切割：将棉秆皮切割成1cm的片段；
(2)浸泡：将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1：20的清水中，在70℃水温下浸泡4h；
(3)分次闪爆：将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽，使饱和水蒸汽压强到达1.5MPa，维持饱和水蒸汽压强80s后在闪爆；重复此闪爆步骤，爆5次；
(4)清洗：闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗4次，去除块状杂质；
(5)打浆：采用调频打浆机打浆，控制浆液浓度为40％，疏解6min后，打浆10min；
(6)抄造：分别称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料2g，加水至2L后使用疏解机疏解5min， 再加水至10L抄造成片；
(7)浸渍壳聚糖溶液：将抄造后的垫片浸泡在2.5g/L的壳聚糖酸溶液中，刮除多余液体；
(8)初次热压：将上述处理后的湿润垫片置于平板热压机中，在100℃、2MPa压力下热压5min；
(9)NaOH溶液洗涤：用烘干后的垫片放入0.1％的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤；
(10)清洗：用清水洗去垫片上残余的NaOH至中性；
(11)二次热压：将洗净的垫片放在平板热压机中，在105℃，1MPa的压力下热压8min，制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
本实施例制备得到的非织布，27μm以内的孔径达到97％，当颗粒物粒径大于等于0.5μm时过滤效率为85％以上，当颗粒物粒径大于等于1μm时过滤效率为98％以上。
实施例5
(1)切割：将棉秆皮切割成3cm的片段；
(2)浸泡：将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1：30的清水中，在90℃水温下浸泡2.5h；
(3)分次闪爆：将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽，使饱和水蒸汽压强到达2MPa，维持饱和水蒸汽压强70s后在闪爆；重复此闪爆步骤，爆4次；
(4)清洗：闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗3次，去除块状杂质；
(5)打浆：采用调频打浆机打浆，控制浆液浓度为80％，疏解10min后，打浆25min；
(6)抄造：分别称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料5g，加水至4L后使用疏解机疏解10min，再加水至10L抄造成片；
(7)浸渍壳聚糖溶液：将抄造后的垫片浸泡在25g/L的壳聚糖酸溶液中，刮除多余液体；
(8)初次热压：将上述处理后的湿润垫片置于平板热压机中，在110℃、3MPa压力下热压10min；
(9)NaOH溶液洗涤：用烘干后的垫片放入0.5％的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤；
(10)清洗：用清水洗去垫片上残余的NaOH至中性；
(11)二次热压：将洗净的垫片放在平板热压机中，在120℃，3MPa的压力下热压10min，制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
本实施例制备得到的非织布，27μm以内的孔径达到97％以上，具有良好的颗粒物阻隔性能，当颗粒物粒径大于等于0.5μm时过滤效率为92％以上，当颗粒物粒径大于等于1μm时过滤效率为99.2％以上。
对照例1：
与实施例1相比，省略浸渍壳聚糖溶液的步骤，具体是：
(1)切割：将棉秆皮切割成1.5cm的片段；
(2)浸泡：将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1：15的清水中，在80℃水温下浸泡2h；
(3)分次闪爆：将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽，使饱和水蒸汽压强到达2MPa，维持饱和水蒸汽压强60s后在闪爆；重复此闪爆步骤，爆3次；
(4)清洗：闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗5次，去除块状杂质；
(5)打浆：采用调频打浆机打浆，控制浆液浓度为60％，疏解5min后，打浆15min；
(6)抄造：分别称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料4g，加水至2L后使用疏解机疏解10min，再加水至10L抄造成片；
(7)热压：将洗净的垫片放在平板热压机中，在120℃，3MPa的压力下热压10min，制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
上述实验所得棉秆皮非织布湿强度差，无法进行浸泡NaOH溶液、水洗等步骤，不能进行孔径、过滤效率测试，不适宜使用。
对照例2：
与实施例1相比，省略抄造的步骤，改为在漏斗中手动铺片，具体是：
(1)切割：将棉秆皮切割成1.5cm的片段；
(2)浸泡：将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1：15的清水中，在80℃水温下浸泡2h；
(3)分次闪爆：将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽，使饱和水蒸汽压强到达2MPa，维持饱和水蒸汽压强60s后在闪爆；重复此闪爆步骤，爆3次；
(4)清洗：闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗5次，去除块状杂质；
(5)打浆：采用调频打浆机打浆，控制浆液浓度为60％，疏解5min后，打浆15min；
(6)手动铺片：分别称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料4g，加入水中搅拌均匀，将溶液倒入漏斗中，搅拌至均匀，待水滤尽后将棉秆皮片取出；
(7)浸渍壳聚糖溶液：将取出的垫片晾干后，浸泡在2.5g/L的壳聚糖酸溶液中，刮除多余液体；
(8)初次热压：将上述处理后的湿润垫片置于平板热压机中，在105℃、1MPa压力下热压10min；
(9)NaOH溶液洗涤：用烘干后的垫片放入0.5％的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤；
(10)清洗：用清水洗去垫片上残余的NaOH至中性；
(11)二次热压：将洗净的垫片放在平板热压机中，在120℃、3MPa的压力下热压10min，制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
上述实验所得棉秆皮非织布(如图11)明显厚度不均，且有可见孔洞，不能进行孔径、 过滤效率测试，不适宜使用。
对照例3：
与实施例1相比，省略打浆的步骤，具体是：
(1)切割：将棉秆皮切割成1.5cm的片段；
(2)浸泡：将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1：15的清水中，在80℃水温下浸泡2h；
(3)分次闪爆：将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽，使饱和水蒸汽压强到达2MPa，维持饱和水蒸汽压强60s后在闪爆；重复此闪爆步骤，爆3次；
(4)清洗：闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗5次，去除块状杂质；
(5)抄造：分别称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料4g，加水至2L后使用疏解机疏解10min，再加水至10L抄造成片；
(6)浸渍壳聚糖溶液：将抄造后的垫片浸泡在2.5g/L的壳聚糖酸溶液中，刮除多余液体；
(7)初次热压：将上述处理后的湿润垫片置于平板热压机中，在105℃、1MPa压力下热压10min；
(8)NaOH溶液洗涤：用烘干后的垫片放入0.5％的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤；
(9)清洗：用清水洗去垫片上残余的NaOH至中性；
(10)二次热压：将洗净的垫片放在平板热压机中，在120℃、3MPa的压力下热压10min，制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
上述实验所得棉秆皮非织布中纤维较粗，纤维间黏连严重，纤维分散性差使得厚度不均，棉秆皮非织布上有可见孔洞，不能进行孔径、过滤效率测试，不适宜使用。
上述说明已经充分阐述了本发明的具体实施方式。需要指出的是，熟悉该领域的技术人员对本发明的具体实施方式所做的任何改动均不脱离本发明的权利要求书的范围。相应地，本发明的权利要求的范围也并不仅仅局限于前述具体实施方式。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种过滤用非织布，其特征在于，所述非织布的制备，包括将分次蒸汽闪爆的棉秆皮纤维打浆后抄造成片，然后浸渍壳聚糖溶液，初次热压制备纤维片，再碱液洗涤纤维片、清洗纤维片，二次热压制成棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的过滤用非织布，其特征在于，所述非织布的制备的流程为：棉秆皮→切割→浸泡→分次蒸汽闪爆→清洗→打浆→抄造→浸渍壳聚糖溶液→初次热压→NaOH溶液洗涤→清洗→二次热压→棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的过滤用非织布，其特征在于，所述浸渍壳聚糖溶液，是浸渍壳聚糖浓度为2.5～25g/L的壳聚糖醋酸溶液。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的过滤用非织布，其特征在于，所述分次闪爆：将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆机料仓，通入饱和水蒸汽，使饱和水蒸汽压强到达1.5～2MPa，维持饱和水蒸汽压强40-80s后闪爆；重复此闪爆步骤，爆3～5次。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的过滤用非织布，其特征在于，所述打浆是控制棉秆皮质量浓度为40-80％，疏解一段时间后打浆，控制所得棉秆皮纤维细度25～50dtex，所得纤维长度5～10mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的过滤用非织布，其特征在于，所述抄造是称取打浆后烘干的棉秆皮纤维，使用疏解机疏解5～10min，继续加水抄造成棉秆皮纤维片。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的过滤用非织布，其特征在于，所述初次热压是在100～110℃，1～3MPa的压力下热压5-10min。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的过滤用非织布，其特征在于，所述碱液洗涤，是将上一步制备的纤维片烘干后在质量浓度为0.05～0.5％的KOH或者NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的过滤用非织布，其特征在于，所述二次热压是在105～120℃，1～3MPa的压力下热压5～10min。
  10. 含有权利要求1～9任一所述过滤用非织布的过滤装置。
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