CN109653013B - 一种包装用棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种包装用棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种包装用棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布的制备方法,属于纤维材料技术领域。本发明提供了棉秆皮纤维在包装领域的应用,利用棉秆皮纤维制备包装用非织布;其制备方法,通过分次蒸汽闪爆和抄造、热压相结合,制备得到了有一定干、湿态拉伸强度,适合于包装用的棉秆皮/壳聚糖非织布。本发明采用汽爆工艺试验台使棉秆皮分离成纤维;抄造的方式使得成型后的垫片中纤维分布均匀且各向同性;壳聚糖的添加增强垫片的干、湿强力,抑菌性;热压使得成品薄、表面平整且垫片更加紧实。本发明将棉秆皮纤维应用在包装领域,是一个全新的突破。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包装用棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布的制备方法,属于纤维材料技术领域。
背景技术
中国是全球最大的棉花生产国,棉花年产率约占全球30%。棉秆皮年产量高达2000万吨,而资源的利用率仅占5%左右。棉秆皮经加工可制成饲料和肥料,生产乙醇,及应用于纺织、复合材料等领域。但在较长时间内,棉秸秆大部分被当作废料烧掉,导致资源浪费。
目前,棉秆皮纤维的利用方面主要有:(1)碱处理制备棉秆皮纤维,如发明专利《一种棉秆直接脱胶制备棉秆皮纤维素纤维的方法》(CN102286789A)介绍了用碱处理的方法制备棉秆皮纤维;(2);通过蒸汽闪爆-KOH-H2O2联合使用的方法,提取出细度为27dtex,可应用于纺纱、织造的棉秆皮纤维;(3)棉秆皮通过闪爆制得纤维,再与热塑性材料复合制备复合板材。
已有的包装材料,使用量较多的为纸和纸板类以及塑料类。在如今世界能源资源紧缺的环境下,森林资源的短缺使得造纸原料受限,所以为造纸寻找新的原材料迫在眉睫;造纸工艺的流程中的大量用水和助剂是水资源浪费和污染的隐患;另一方面,成品纸和纸板也有不耐水、不耐用等诸多不足。随着石油基化学原料在全世界范围内的广泛使用,塑料制品已经充满我们的时候。塑料类包装材料能够解决纸和纸板类包装材料不耐水,不耐用的问题,但是其不易降解的缺陷加重了环境负担。
因此,有必要开发新的技术解决目前存在的这些问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种棉秆皮纤维在包装领域的应用,利用棉秆皮纤维制备包装用非织布;其制备方法,采用分次蒸汽闪爆和抄造、热压相结合的方法,通过控制材料中壳聚糖的浓度,制备得到了有一定干、湿态拉伸强度和柔韧性的,适合于包装用的棉秆皮/壳聚糖非织布。本发明采用汽爆工艺试验台使棉秆皮分离成纤维;抄造的方式使得成型后的垫片中纤维分布均匀且各向同性;壳聚糖的添加及其浓度的控制使纤维片具有抑菌性和适当的干、湿态拉伸强度;热压辅助前一步骤控制纤维片中的壳聚糖含量之外也使得成品薄、表面平整且垫片更加紧实。本发明将棉秆皮纤维应用在包装领域,是一个全新的突破。
本发明提供了棉秆皮纤维在包装领域的应用,利用棉秆皮纤维制备包装用棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布。其制备方法,包括将去除块状杂质的棉秆皮纤维原料打浆后抄造成片,然后浸泡壳聚糖溶液,热压制备纤维片,再碱液洗涤纤维片、清洗纤维片,经二次热压或自然晾干制成棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布;其中,所述浸泡壳聚糖溶液后热压制备纤维片时,控制纤维片中壳聚糖干重为2-5g/100g棉秆皮纤维原料(干重)。
在一种实施方式中,所述壳聚糖溶液为浓度28~35g/L的壳聚糖醋酸溶液。
在一种实施方式中,所述壳聚糖溶液为浓度30~35g/L的壳聚糖醋酸溶液。
在一种实施方式中,所述方法的流程为:棉秆皮→切割→浸泡→分次蒸汽闪爆→清洗→打浆→抄造→浸渍壳聚糖溶液→热压→碱溶液洗涤→清洗→自然晾干或二次热压→棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布。
在一种实施方式中,所述棉秆皮纤维的制备,是先切割成一定长度的片段,然后用水浸泡,浸泡后进行多次蒸汽闪爆,然后水洗并去除块状杂质,得到棉秆皮纤维。
在一种实施方式中,所述分次闪爆:将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆机料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽,使饱和水蒸汽压强到达1.5~2.5MPa,维持饱和水蒸汽压强50~90后闪爆;重复此闪爆步骤,爆3~5次。
在一种实施方式中,所述打浆是控制棉秆皮质量浓度为40-80%,疏解一段时间后打浆,控制所得棉秆皮纤维细度25~35dtex,所得纤维长度2~10mm。
在一种实施方式中,所述抄造是称取打浆后烘干的棉秆皮纤维,使用疏解机疏解5~15min,继续加水抄造成棉秆皮纤维片。
在一种实施方式中,所述浸渍壳聚糖溶液,是浸渍壳聚糖浓度为28~35g/L的壳聚糖醋酸溶液。
在一种实施方式中,所述热压是在100~120℃,0.8~3MPa的压力下热压5-10min。
在一种实施方式中,所述碱液洗涤,是将上一步制备的纤维片烘干后在质量浓度为0.5~2%的KOH或者NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤。
在一种实施方式中,所述二次热压是在105~120℃,1~3MPa的压力下热压5~10min。
在一种实施方式中,所述方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
(1)切割:将棉秆皮切割成1.0-5.0cm的片段;
(2)浸泡:将切割好的棉秆皮置于其质量15-30倍的清水中,在70-90℃水温下浸泡2-6h;
(3)分次闪爆:将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆机料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽,使饱和水蒸汽压强到达1.5~2.5MPa,维持饱和水蒸汽压强50-90s后闪爆;重复此闪爆步骤,爆3~5次;
(4)清洗:闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下水洗3-5次,去除块状杂质;
(5)打浆:采用调频打浆机打浆,控制浆液浓度为60%,疏解5~10min后,分别打浆10min~30min;控制所得棉秆皮纤维细度25~35dtex,所得纤维长度2~10mm;
(6)抄造:分别称取打浆后烘至绝干的纤维,加水并使用疏解机疏解5~10min,再次加水抄造成片;按照每2~5g的绝干纤维先加2L水再补加至10L;
(7)浸渍壳聚糖溶液:将抄造后的棉秆皮纤维片浸泡在浓度为不同浓度的壳聚糖醋酸溶液(醋酸溶液浓度为1wt%)中,刮除多于液体;
(8)热压:将洗净后的纤维片放在平板热压机中,在100~120℃,0.8~3MPa的压力下热压5-10min,制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合纤维片;同时,控制纤维片中壳聚糖干重为2-5g/100g棉秆皮纤维原料(干重)。
(9)NaOH溶液洗涤:用烘干后的纤维片放入0.5~2%的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤;
(10)清洗:用清水反复清洗至中性;
(11)自然晾干:将洗净的非织造布在室温下自然晾干,制成棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布。
本发明的优点和效果:
(1)本发明方法制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布,具有柔软、抗菌、干湿态拉伸强度良好,制备原料廉价、制备工艺简单的特点;其中,材料的干态拉伸强度约为17.94~25.76Mpa,湿态拉伸强度约6.83~11.63Mpa,可以达到包装使用要求。弯曲刚度为21.85~37.74cN·cm2/cm,柔软性能好。(惠普多功能A4打印纸干态拉伸强度约为10.9Mpa,湿态拉伸强度约为0.53Mpa,弯曲刚度为18.46cN·cm2/cm,作为参考。)
(2)与已有的纸和纸板类包装材料相比,本发明先采用蒸汽闪爆预处理使棉秆皮分离,再用造纸抄纸的方法成型,最后加入壳聚糖增强力学性能,工艺流程中大部分用水可以循环使用,化学试剂用量少,有简便、环保的特点。该非织造布以富含木质素的棉秆皮纤维、壳聚糖为原料,使该非织布具有良好的抗菌性能。
(3)与现有的报道中,塑料类包装材料相比,本发明使用的棉秆皮是棉花产业的副产物,来源广泛、价格低廉,棉副产物的再利用也是对保护资源、资源再利用的响应。棉秆皮、壳聚糖都是生物基材料,使用后可在自然环境中降解,减少环境负担。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布;
图2为实施例2制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布;
图3为实施例3制备的棉秆皮纤维/壳聚糖复合非织布;
图4为对照例2制备的棉秆皮非织布的表观图片;
图5为对照例3制备的棉秆皮非织布的表观图片。
具体实施方案
力学性能测定:参考GB/T12914-2008《纸和纸板抗张强度的测定》、GB/T465.2-2008《纸和纸板浸水后抗张强度的测定》,使用电子万能试验机(MT-1KN,常州三丰仪器科技有限公司)测得。弯曲刚度使用YG207型织物硬挺度试验仪(宁波纺织仪器厂)测得。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明首先采用汽爆工艺试验台预处理棉秆皮,使棉秆皮中的半纤维素和木质素部分降解,棉秆皮充分分离成纤维,然后用打浆、抄造的方法使棉秆皮纤维均匀成片,再加入壳聚糖溶液加固处理,最后热压成型,得到柔软、平整、适合于包装用的棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
实施例1
(1)切割:将棉秆皮切割成2cm的片段;
(2)浸泡:将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1:15的清水中,在80℃水温下浸泡2h;
(3)分次闪爆:将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽,使饱和水蒸汽压强到达2MPa,维持饱和水蒸汽压强60s后在闪爆;重复此闪爆步骤,爆3次;
(4)清洗:闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗5次,去除块状杂质;
(5)打浆:采用调频打浆机打浆,控制浆液浓度为60%,疏解5min后,打浆15min;
(6)抄造:分别称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料4g,加水至2L后使用疏解机疏解10min,再加水至10L抄造成片;
(7)浸渍壳聚糖溶液:将抄造后的垫片浸泡在28g/L的壳聚糖酸溶液中,刮除多于液体;
(8)热压:将上述处理后的湿润垫片置于平板热压机中,在120℃、0.8MPa压力下热压10min;控制纤维片中壳聚糖干重为2g/100g棉秆皮纤维原料(干重)。
(9)NaOH溶液洗涤:用烘干后的垫片放入1%的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤;
(10)清洗:用清水洗去垫片上残余的NaOH至中性;
(11)自然晾干:将洗净的垫片放在室温下自然晾干,制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
所得复合非织布的图片如下图1所示。制备得到的棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布,弯曲刚度为21.85cN·cm2/cm柔软性能好。实施例1制得的棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布干态拉伸强度为17.94MPa,湿态拉伸强度为6.83MPa。
实施例2
(1)切割:将棉秆皮切割成2.5cm的片段;
(2)浸泡:将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1:20的清水中,在75℃水温下浸泡3h;
(3)分次闪爆:将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽,使饱和水蒸汽压强到达1.7MPa,维持饱和水蒸汽压强70s后在闪爆;重复此闪爆步骤,爆3次;
(4)清洗:闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗5次,去除块状杂质;
(5)打浆:采用调频打浆机打浆,控制浆液浓度为60%,疏解10min后,打浆20min;
(6)抄造:称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料3g,加水至2L后使用疏解机疏解10min,再加水至10L抄造成片;
(7)浸渍壳聚糖溶液:将抄造后的垫片浸泡在30g/L的壳聚糖酸溶液中,刮除多于液体;
(8)热压:将上述处理后的湿润垫片置于平板热压机中,在110℃、1MPa下热压5min;控制纤维片中壳聚糖干重为3.5g/100g棉秆皮纤维原料(干重)。
(9)NaOH溶液洗涤:用烘干后的垫片放入0.5%的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤;
(10)清洗:用清水洗去垫片上残余的NaOH至中性;
(11)自然晾干:将洗净的垫片放在室温下自然晾干,制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
按照本实施例方法制备得到的非织布,如下图2所示。制备得到的棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布,弯曲刚度为37.74cN·cm2/cm,柔软性能好。实施例2制得的棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布干态拉伸强度为25.76MPa,湿态拉伸强度为11.63MPa。
实施例3
(1)切割:将棉秆皮切割成3cm的片段;
(2)浸泡:将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1:30的清水中,在85℃水温下浸泡3h;
(3)分次闪爆:将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽,使饱和水蒸汽压强到达2.1MPa,维持饱和水蒸汽压强55s后在闪爆;重复此闪爆步骤,爆4次;
(4)清洗:闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗5次,去除块状杂质;
(5)打浆:采用调频打浆机打浆,控制浆液浓度未60%,疏解5min后,打浆10min;
(6)抄造:分别称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料3g,加水至2L后使用疏解机疏解10min,再加水至10L抄造成片;
(7)浸渍壳聚糖溶液:将抄造后的垫片浸泡在30g/L的壳聚糖酸溶液中,刮除多于液体;
(8)热压:将上述处理后的湿润垫片置于平板热压机中,在100℃下、2MPa下热压10min;控制纤维片中壳聚糖干重为3g/100g棉秆皮纤维原料(干重)。
(9)NaOH溶液洗涤:用烘干后的垫片放入2%的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤;
(10)清洗:用清水洗去垫片上残余的NaOH至中性;
(11)自然晾干:将洗净的垫片放在室温下自然晾干,制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
按照本实施例方法制备得到的非织布,如下图3所示。制备得到的棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布,弯曲刚度是25.88cN·cm2/cm,柔软性能好。制得的棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布干态拉伸强度为21.32MPa,湿态拉伸强度为8.07MPa。
对照例1:
与实施例2相比,省略浸渍壳聚糖溶液的步骤,具体是:
(1)切割:将棉秆皮切割成2.5cm的片段;
(2)浸泡:将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1:20的清水中,在75℃水温下浸泡3h;
(3)分次闪爆:将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽,使饱和水蒸汽压强到达1.7MPa,维持饱和水蒸汽压强70s后在闪爆;重复此闪爆步骤,爆3次;
(4)清洗:闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗5次,去除块状杂质;
(5)打浆:采用调频打浆机打浆,控制浆液浓度为60%,疏解10min后,打浆20min;
(6)抄造:称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料3g,加水至2L后使用疏解机疏解10min,再加水至10L抄造成片;
(7)热压:将上述处理后的湿润垫片置于平板热压机中,在110℃、1MPa压力下热压5min;
上述实验所得棉秆皮非织布湿态拉伸强度差,无法进行浸泡NaOH溶液、水洗等步骤,干态拉伸强度为10.52MPa,湿态拉伸强度为1.35MPa,不适宜使用。
对照例2:
与实施例2相比,省略抄造的步骤,改为在漏斗中手动铺片,具体是:
(1)切割:将棉秆皮切割成2.5cm的片段;
(2)浸泡:将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1:20的清水中,在75℃水温下浸泡3h;
(3)分次闪爆:将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽,使饱和水蒸汽压强到达1.7MPa,维持饱和水蒸汽压强70s后在闪爆;重复此闪爆步骤,爆3次;
(4)清洗:闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗5次,去除块状杂质;
(5)打浆:采用调频打浆机打浆,控制浆液浓度为60%,疏解10min后,打浆20min;
(6)人工铺片:分别称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料3g,加入水中搅拌均匀,将溶液倒入漏斗中,搅拌至均匀,待水滤尽后将棉秆皮片取出;
(7)浸渍壳聚糖溶液:将抄造后的垫片浸泡在30g/L的壳聚糖酸溶液中,刮除多于液体;
(8)热压:将上述处理后的湿润垫片置于平板热压机中,在110℃、1MPa压力下热压5min;控制纤维片中壳聚糖干重为3.5g/100g棉秆皮纤维原料(干重)。(9)NaOH溶液洗涤:用烘干后的垫片放入0.5%的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤;
(10)清洗:用清水洗去垫片上残余的NaOH至中性;
(11)自然晾干:将洗净的垫片放在室温下自然晾干,制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
上述实验所得棉秆皮非织布(如图4)明显厚度不均,且有可见孔洞,不适宜使用。
对照例3:
与实施例2相比,省略打浆的步骤,具体是:
(1)切割:将棉秆皮切割成2.5cm的片段;
(2)浸泡:将切割好的棉秆皮置于浴比为1:20的清水中,在75℃水温下浸泡3h;
(3)分次闪爆:将浸泡后的棉秆皮装入闪爆物料仓,通入饱和水蒸汽,使饱和水蒸汽压强到达1.7MPa,维持饱和水蒸汽压强70s后在闪爆;重复此闪爆步骤,爆3次;
(4)清洗:闪爆后的棉秆皮纤维在室温下清洗5次,去除块状杂质;
(5)抄造:分别称取打浆后烘至绝干的浆料3g,加水至2L后使用疏解机疏解10min,再加水至10L抄造成片;
(6)浸渍壳聚糖溶液:将抄造后的垫片浸泡在30g/L的壳聚糖酸溶液中,刮除多于液体;
(7)热压:将上述处理后的湿润垫片置于平板热压机中,在110℃、1MPa压力下热压5min;控制纤维片中壳聚糖干重为3.5g/100g棉秆皮纤维原料(干重)。
(8)NaOH溶液洗涤:用烘干后的垫片放入0.5%的NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤;
(9)清洗:用清水洗去垫片上残余的NaOH至中性;
(10)自然晾干:将洗净的垫片放在室温下自然晾干,制成棉秆皮/壳聚糖复合非织布。
上述实验所得棉秆皮非织布如图5,纤维较粗,纤维间黏连严重,纤维分散性差使得厚度不均,棉秆皮非织布上有可见孔洞,不能进行测试,不适宜使用。
对照例4:
与实施例2相比,通过控制壳聚糖酸溶液的浓度与热压压力,来控制纤维片中壳聚糖含量。比较了不同壳聚糖含量比例的棉秆皮非织布性能,结果如下表所示。
表1不同壳聚糖含量比例的棉秆皮非织布性能
壳聚糖含量(/100g棉秆皮纤维原料) | 0.7 | 1 | 1.5 | 3.5 |
弯曲刚度(cN·cm<sup>2</sup>/cm) | 19.03 | 19.72 | 20.94 | 37.74 |
干态拉伸强度(MPa) | 9.10 | 8.13 | 17.94 | 25.76 |
湿态拉伸强度(MPa) | 1.27 | 4.32 | 6.83 | 11.63 |
上述说明已经充分阐述了本发明的具体实施方式。需要指出的是,熟悉该领域的技术人员对本发明的具体实施方式所做的任何改动均不脱离本发明的权利要求书的范围。相应地,本发明的权利要求的范围也并不仅仅局限于前述具体实施方式。
Claims (9)
1.棉秆皮纤维在包装领域的应用,其特征在于,所述应用是利用棉秆皮纤维制备包装用非织布;所述包装用非织布的制备,包括将去除块状杂质的棉秆皮纤维原料打浆后抄造成片,然后浸泡壳聚糖溶液,热压制备纤维片,再碱液洗涤纤维片、清洗纤维片,经自然晾干制成棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布;其中,所述浸泡壳聚糖溶液后热压制备纤维片时,控制纤维片中壳聚糖干重为2-5g/100g棉秆皮纤维原料(干重);
所述壳聚糖溶液为浓度28~35g/L的壳聚糖醋酸溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述壳聚糖溶液为浓度30~35g/L的壳聚糖醋酸溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述打浆是控制棉秆皮质量浓度为40~80%,疏解一段时间后打浆,控制所得棉秆皮纤维细度25~35dtex,所得纤维长度2~10mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抄造是称取打浆后烘干的棉秆皮纤维,使用疏解机疏解5~15min,继续加水抄造成棉秆皮纤维片。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述热压是在100~120℃,0.8~3MPa的压力下热压5~10min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述碱液洗涤,是将上一步制备的纤维片烘干后在质量浓度为0.5~2%的KOH或者NaOH溶液中浸泡洗涤。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述自然晾干,是将上一步洗涤后的纤维片在室温下自然干燥。
8.一种包装用棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布,其特征在于,所述包装用棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布的制备包括:将去除块状杂质的棉秆皮纤维原料打浆后抄造成片,然后浸泡壳聚糖溶液,热压制备纤维片,再碱液洗涤纤维片、清洗纤维片,经二次热压或自然晾干制成棉秆皮纤维与壳聚糖复合非织布;其中,所述浸泡壳聚糖溶液后热压制备纤维片时,控制纤维片中壳聚糖干重为2-5g/100g棉秆皮纤维原料(干重)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的复合非织布,其特征在于,所述壳聚糖溶液为浓度30~35g/L的壳聚糖醋酸溶液。
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