WO2019053885A1 - 積層体、靴底及びシューズ - Google Patents
積層体、靴底及びシューズ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019053885A1 WO2019053885A1 PCT/JP2017/033488 JP2017033488W WO2019053885A1 WO 2019053885 A1 WO2019053885 A1 WO 2019053885A1 JP 2017033488 W JP2017033488 W JP 2017033488W WO 2019053885 A1 WO2019053885 A1 WO 2019053885A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- thermoplastic polymer
- component
- term
- solubility parameter
- hansen solubility
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/023—Optical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/02—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
- A43B13/023—Soles with several layers of the same material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43D—MACHINES, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT OR METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING OR REPAIRING FOOTWEAR
- A43D25/00—Devices for gluing shoe parts
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- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
- B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
- B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminate in which two members are directly bonded by laser light irradiation and applications thereof.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a laminate for laser bonding having at least a three-layer structure to be bonded by irradiation with a laser beam. Such a laminate is melted by irradiating a laser beam between an upper member having transparency to laser light, a lower member formed of a thermoplastic foam, and the upper and lower members. A difference between the melting point of the lower member and the melting point of the bonding sheet is ⁇ 50 ° C. to 20 ° C., and the difference between the melt viscosity of the lower member and the melt viscosity of the bonding sheet is It is 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s to 8.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa ⁇ s.
- Patent Document 1 The laminate for laser bonding of Patent Document 1 is preferable because the upper member and the lower member formed of a foam can be favorably bonded to each other through a bonding sheet by irradiating a laser beam.
- the adhesive sheet since the adhesive sheet is used, not only the upper and lower members but also the adhesive sheet must be prepared. That is, although the object to be bonded is originally the upper and lower members, it is necessary to use a bonding sheet for bonding them. When an adhesive sheet is used, the raw material cost is increased, and the adhesive sheet needs to be sandwiched between the upper member and the lower member, and the production cost is also increased.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a laminate or the like in which two members are strongly adhered by a laser beam without using an adhesive sheet.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted intensive studies with the novel object of directly bonding two members (first and second members) by laser light without interposing an adhesive sheet.
- the adhesion using laser light is different from the adhesion technology using an adhesive, in which the thermoplastic material is melted to weld the two materials, but it is difficult to directly bond them firmly. That is, in order to cause the two materials to adhere directly and firmly to each other by laser light, it is necessary to select appropriate materials for each other, but the selection is difficult.
- the present inventors focused on the distance of the Hansen solubility parameter which is a mixing index of the two materials as a welding factor by laser light, and the adhesion work which is the energy necessary to closely peel the two materials. . And as a result of earnest research, it confirmed that distance and adhesion work of a Hansen solubility parameter had high relevance to the adhesive strength using a laser beam, and completed this invention.
- the laminate of the present invention has a first member containing a thermoplastic polymer and transmitting a laser beam, and a second member containing a thermoplastic polymer and absorbing a laser beam, the first member comprising Directly adhered to the second member, A represented by Formula 1 is greater than zero.
- ⁇ d1 , ⁇ p1 and ⁇ h1 represent the dispersion term, polar term and hydrogen bonding term in the Hansen solubility parameter of the thermoplastic polymer of the first member
- ⁇ d2 , ⁇ p2 and ⁇ h2 are The dispersion term, the polar term and the hydrogen bonding term in the Hansen solubility parameter of the thermoplastic polymer of the second member are represented.
- ⁇ d1 , ⁇ p1 and ⁇ h1 represent the dispersive component, polar component and hydrogen bond component in the surface free energy of the first member
- ⁇ d2 , ⁇ p2 and ⁇ h2 represent the components of the second member It represents the dispersed component, the polar component and the hydrogen bonding component at surface free energy.
- the first member is formed of non-foam
- the second member is formed of foam
- a shoe sole and a shoe are provided.
- the sole has an outsole, and the outsole is formed of either the first member or the second member.
- the shoe has the shoe sole.
- the first member and the second member are firmly bonded without interposing an adhesive sheet.
- Such laminates can be manufactured relatively inexpensively.
- the laminate of the present invention can be suitably used as a component of a product used under a severe environment, for example, a shoe sole.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a laminate of the present invention. Sectional drawing of another embodiment of the laminated body of this invention.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of one embodiment of a shoe. Sectional drawing cut
- the graph which shows the relationship between D of each Example and a comparative example, and adhesive strength.
- the graph which shows the relation between Wa of each example and a comparative example, and adhesive strength.
- the terms “first” and “second” may be added at the beginning of the term, but the first etc. is added only to distinguish the terms, and the order thereof It has no special meaning such as or superiority or inferiority.
- the numerical range represented by “lower limit value X to upper limit value Y” means lower limit value X or more and upper limit value Y or less.
- an arbitrary lower limit value and an arbitrary upper limit value are selected, and a numerical value range of “arbitrary lower limit value to arbitrary upper limit value” can be set. It should be noted that dimensions such as thickness and length depicted in each figure may differ from actual ones.
- the laminate of the present invention has at least two layers of members (first member and second member) directly laminated and adhered, and preferably, directly laminated and adhered two layers It consists only of a member (a 1st member and a 2nd member).
- the first member contains a thermoplastic polymer and transmits laser light.
- the second member contains a thermoplastic polymer and absorbs laser light.
- the distance D of the Hansen solubility parameter of each thermoplastic polymer contained in the first member and the second member, the adhesion work Wa calculated according to the surface free energy of each of the first member and the second member, Is characterized in that A defined from is larger than zero.
- the first member includes a thermoplastic polymer and is formed of a material through which laser light can be transmitted.
- first thermoplastic polymer the thermoplastic polymer contained in the first member
- second thermoplastic polymer the thermoplastic polymer contained in the second member
- the first thermoplastic polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having thermoplasticity (a material that can be melted by heat).
- a thermoplastic polymer a thermoplastic resin, a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoplastic rubber etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the first thermoplastic polymer can be used singly or in combination of two or more selected from these.
- thermoplastic resin examples include olefin resins such as low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer, etc .; polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene Ester-based resins such as terephthalate; styrene-based resins such as polystyrene, AS resin, and ABS resin; amide-based resins such as 6-nylon; vinyl chloride-based resins; acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate; vinyl acetate-based resins; Can be mentioned. These can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- olefin resins such as low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer, etc .
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
- thermoplastic elastomer examples include olefin elastomers; styrene butadiene elastomers such as styrene butadiene styrene elastomer (SBS), styrene isoprene styrene elastomer (SIS), styrene ethylene butylene styrene elastomer (SEBS), hydrogenated styrene elastomer and the like; Ester-based elastomers; fluoro-based elastomers; polyamide-based elastomers and the like. These can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- SBS styrene butadiene elastomer
- SIS styrene isoprene styrene elastomer
- SEBS styrene ethylene butylene styrene elastomer
- thermoplastic rubber examples include synthetic rubbers such as butadiene rubber (BR), isoprene rubber (IR) and chloroprene (CR); natural rubber (NR); styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene butadiene styrene rubber (SBR) And copolymer rubbers such as acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), styrene isoprene copolymer (SIR), butyl rubber (IIR) and the like. These can be used singly or in combination of two or more. It should be noted that thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastic rubbers may not be clearly distinguishable depending on their types.
- the content of the first thermoplastic polymer in the first member is not particularly limited, but if the thermoplastic polymer is too small, the first member may not adhere to the second member with sufficient adhesive strength. Therefore, the blending amount of the first thermoplastic polymer is usually 60% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, with respect to 100% by mass of the entire first member. On the other hand, the upper limit of the blending amount of the first thermoplastic polymer is theoretically 100% by mass.
- the first member may have rubber elasticity or may not have rubber elasticity.
- a first member having rubber elasticity is used.
- a thermoplastic elastomer or a thermoplastic rubber as the first thermoplastic polymer, it is possible to easily form the first member having rubber elasticity.
- the first member may be formed of foam or may be formed of non-foam. Preferably, the first member is non-foamed. In the case where the first member is formed of a foam, the details of the method of forming the foam and the like can be cited in the following ⁇ second member>.
- the first thermoplastic polymer contained in the first member may be crosslinked or may not be crosslinked.
- the crosslinking method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include electron beam crosslinking and chemical crosslinking. Examples of the electron beam include X-rays, ⁇ -rays, ⁇ -rays and ⁇ -rays.
- a crosslinking agent such as a peroxide is blended in the thermoplastic polymer.
- the material forming the first member is not particularly limited as long as it contains the first thermoplastic polymer.
- the first member may be formed only of the first thermoplastic polymer, or may include the first thermoplastic polymer and various additives.
- the additive include a softener, a crosslinking agent, a crosslinking aid, a filler, a weathering agent, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a lubricant, an antistatic agent, a dispersant, and a foaming agent.
- the softener include mineral oil such as process oil and extender oil; vegetable oil such as tall oil fatty acid, castor oil and linseed oil.
- crosslinking agent examples include organic peroxides, maleimide crosslinking agents, sulfur, phenolic crosslinking agents, oximes, and polyamines.
- crosslinking aid examples include fatty acid, zinc oxide, divinylbenzene, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol methacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate, tri Examples thereof include mellitic acid triallyl ester and triallyl isocyanate.
- the filler examples include silica, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide and the like.
- the transmittance of the laser light of the first member is at least 10% or more, preferably 20% or more, and more preferably 30% or more.
- the upper limit of the laser light transmittance of the first member is theoretically 100%.
- permeability is the transmittance
- the transmittance can be measured, for example, using a laser power meter (manufactured by OPHIR, product name “NOVA II”).
- the first member may contain an absorbent capable of absorbing laser light. However, in order to cause the laser beam to sufficiently act on the second member, it is preferable that the first member be substantially free of an absorbent capable of absorbing the laser beam.
- the thickness of the first member is not particularly limited, and can be set to an appropriate thickness according to the purpose of use. However, if the thickness of the first member is too thin, the heat at the time of laser beam irradiation may cause holes in the first member. From such a viewpoint, the thickness of the first member is preferably 1 mm or more, and more preferably 1.5 mm or more. The upper limit of the thickness of the first member may be such that the transmission of the laser light is not inhibited. For example, the thickness of the first member is 50 mm or less.
- the first member can be obtained by molding a material containing the first thermoplastic polymer and various additives optionally mixed, by a conventionally known method such as a melt press method.
- the second member contains a second thermoplastic polymer and is formed of a material capable of absorbing laser light.
- the second thermoplastic polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having thermoplasticity (a material that can be melted by heat).
- Examples of the second thermoplastic polymer include thermoplastic resins, thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic rubbers, and the like.
- the second thermoplastic polymer can be used singly or in combination of two or more selected from these.
- a thermoplastic resin of a 2nd thermoplastic polymer, a thermoplastic elastomer, and a thermoplastic rubber what was illustrated by the 1st thermoplastic polymer of the column of the said ⁇ 1st member> is mentioned.
- the first thermoplastic polymer and the second thermoplastic polymer may be the same polymer, or polymers of the same family, or polymers different from each other.
- the material forming the second member is not particularly limited as long as it contains the second thermoplastic polymer.
- the second member may be formed only of the second thermoplastic polymer, or may include the second thermoplastic polymer and various additives. As an additive, what was illustrated by the column of said ⁇ 1st member> is mentioned.
- the second member may have rubber elasticity or may not have rubber elasticity.
- a second member having rubber elasticity is used.
- the second member having rubber elasticity can be easily formed.
- the second member contains an absorbent capable of absorbing the laser beam.
- the above-mentioned absorbent means an agent whose laser absorptivity can be improved by adding it.
- the absorber include inorganic pigments such as carbon black and oxide pigments; organic pigments such as phthalocyanine pigments, lake pigments and polycyclic pigments; and dyes having an absorption wavelength according to the laser light used. And the like.
- the compounding amount of the absorbent is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1% by mass to 15% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the entire second member.
- the content of the second thermoplastic polymer is not particularly limited, but if the thermoplastic polymer is too small, the second member may not adhere to the first member with sufficient adhesive strength. Therefore, the blending amount of the second thermoplastic polymer is usually 60% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, with respect to 100% by mass of the entire second member. On the other hand, although the upper limit of the compounding amount of the second thermoplastic polymer is theoretically 100% by mass, it is practically 99.9% by mass or less.
- the second member may be formed of foam or may be formed of non-foam.
- the second member is formed of foam.
- the second member formed of foam has air bubbles.
- the surface of the second member is an uneven surface based on the air bubbles. That is, on the surface of the second member, there are innumerable small indents corresponding to the bubble portion.
- a skin layer may be formed on the surface of the second member in order to make the surface of the second member flat.
- the foam is obtained by foaming a material containing a thermoplastic polymer.
- the foaming method may be a conventionally known method such as a chemical foaming method, a physical foaming method or a mechanical foaming method. In addition, according to these foaming methods, a suitable foaming agent is mix
- the density (apparent density) of the foam is not particularly limited. However, if the density is too small or too large, a foam having good elasticity can not be obtained. From this viewpoint, the density of the foam (apparent density) is preferably 0.05g / cm 3 ⁇ 0.8g / cm 3.
- the thickness of the second member is not particularly limited, and can be set to an appropriate thickness according to the purpose of use. However, if the thickness of the second member is too thin, the heat at the time of laser beam irradiation may cause holes in the second member. From this point of view, the thickness of the second member is preferably 1 mm or more, and more preferably 1.5 mm or more.
- the second member can be obtained by molding a material containing the second thermoplastic polymer, the absorbent, and various additives optionally blended, by a conventionally known method such as a melt pressing method.
- D represents the distance between the Hansen solubility parameter of the thermoplastic polymer of the first member and the Hansen solubility parameter of the thermoplastic polymer of the second member calculated according to the following Formula 2.
- Wa represents the adhesion work calculated according to following formula 3 from each surface free energy of a 1st member and a 2nd member.
- ⁇ d1 , ⁇ p1 and ⁇ h1 represent the dispersion term, polar term and hydrogen bonding term in the Hansen solubility parameter of the thermoplastic polymer of the first member, and ⁇ d2 , ⁇ p2 and ⁇ h2 are the The dispersion term, the polar term and the hydrogen bonding term in the Hansen solubility parameter of a two-component thermoplastic polymer are represented.
- ⁇ d1 , ⁇ p1 and ⁇ h1 represent the dispersive component, polar component and hydrogen bond component in the surface free energy of the first member
- ⁇ d2 , ⁇ p2 and ⁇ h2 represent the surface free energy of the second member It represents the dispersed component in energy, the polar component and the hydrogen bonding component.
- macromolecule shall be used.
- the Hansen solubility parameter of the first thermoplastic polymer and the Hansen solubility parameter of the second thermoplastic polymer are calculated at a temperature of 23 ° C. ⁇ 2 ° C. using the software name “HSPiP” based on the solubility parameter calculation method. be able to.
- the manufacturing method of the layered product of the present invention has the process of superposing the 1st member and the 2nd member, and the process of irradiating a laser beam from the 1st member side of the piled double substance.
- the first member 1 and the second member 2 formed in the desired shape are prepared.
- the first member 1 and the second member 2 are superimposed so that the lower surface of the first member 1 and the upper surface of the second member 2 are in direct contact with each other (see FIG. 2).
- the overlapping surfaces are the joint surface 1 a of the first member 1 and the joint surface 2 a of the second member 2.
- the lower surface of the first member 1 is the joint surface 1 a of the first member 1
- the upper surface of the second member 2 is the joint surface 2 a of the second member 2.
- the first member 1 and the second member 2 are stacked in a state where the lower surface (bonding surface) of the first member 1 is in contact with the upper surface (bonding surface) of the second member 2 on the sheet of FIG. 1 and FIG. But it may be the opposite. That is, the first member 1 and the second member 2 may be stacked in a state where the lower surface of the second member 2 is in direct contact with the upper surface of the first member 1 (not shown).
- the joint surface 1a of the first member 1 and the joint surface 2a of the second member 2 may be independently made uneven. However, it is preferable that both the bonding surface 1a of the first member 1 and the bonding surface 2a of the second member 2 be smooth surfaces because both bonding surfaces can be brought into close contact with each other and brought into contact with each other. .
- a smooth surface also includes a smooth curved surface. And a laser beam is irradiated from the 1st member 1 side (The surface 1b side on the opposite side to the joint surface 1a of the 1st member 1) of this piled double thing.
- the wavelength of the laser beam to be irradiated is 780 nm to 1000 nm, and a laser beam having a wavelength of 808 nm is usually used.
- the irradiation speed of the laser beam is appropriately set appropriately according to the forming material of the first member 1 and the second member, and is, for example, 3 mm / sec to 15 mm / sec.
- the output of the laser light is preferably 100 W to 625 W as a whole, using 4 to 50 diodes of 3 W to 25 W per one.
- the laser light is transmitted in the thickness direction of the first member 1 and reaches the second member 2. Since the absorbent of the second member 2 absorbs the laser light, the second member 2 generates heat. The heat melts the second thermoplastic polymer, and the heat is transferred to melt the first thermoplastic polymer. After the heat release, the first thermoplastic polymer and the second thermoplastic polymer are solidified again to obtain a laminate in which the first member 1 and the second member 2 are directly bonded.
- FIG.3 and FIG.4 is sectional drawing of the laminated body of this invention.
- the laminate 3 of the present invention (1) the first member 1 and the second member 2 are bonded without an interface (see FIG. 3), or (2) the first member 1 and the second member The two members are adhered while having an interface at the boundary of 2 (see FIG. 4).
- the laminate 3 of the present invention constitutes the material constituting the first member 1 and the second member 2 between the first member 1 and the second member 2. Ingredients are mixed. The first member 1 and the second member 2 are firmly adhered in such a state that the materials can not be separated structurally.
- FIG. 3 is an area where the material of the first member 1 and the material of the second member 2 are intermingled.
- an interface 4 exists near the boundary between the first member 1 and the second member 2.
- the first member 1 and the second member 2 are firmly bonded at the interface 4.
- the adhesion strength between the first member and the second member is 3 kgf / 2 cm or more (about 29.4 N / 2 cm or more), and both members are firmly bonded.
- laser bonding an adhesive sheet is interposed between two members to bond the two members.
- One method of directly bonding both members firmly is to select materials of both members which are directly bonded by a laser beam. However, it is difficult to select the material.
- the first member and the second member can be directly and firmly adhered by the laser light by the materials (the first thermoplastic polymer and the second thermoplastic polymer) satisfying the relationship of A> 0. .
- a screening method capable of easily selecting the first member and the second member when directly bonding the first member and the second member using laser light. That is, according to another aspect of the present invention, in directly bonding the first member and the second member by laser light, the first member and the second member are selected with A> 0 as an index. is there.
- the first member and the second member satisfying A> 0 can be easily selected based on the distance D of their Hansen solubility parameter and the adhesion work Wa.
- A is not particularly limited as long as it is larger than zero, but preferably, A is 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more.
- the upper limit of A is not particularly limited, but is practically 20 or less.
- the upper limit of the numerical value of D in the formula 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 (J / cm 3 ) 1/2 or less, more preferably 2 (J / cm 3 ) 1/2 Or less, more preferably 1 (J / cm 3 ) 1/2 or less.
- the lower limit value of D is theoretically zero.
- the numerical value of Wa in the formula 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 45 to 70 mN / m, more preferably 55 to 65 mN / m.
- the application of the laminate of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the laminate may be formed into an appropriate planar shape or three-dimensional shape and thickness depending on the application.
- the laminate of the present invention can be suitably used as a component of a product that can be used under severe environments because the first member and the second member are firmly bonded by the irradiation of a laser beam.
- a preferred use of the laminate is as a component of a shoe.
- the laminate of the present invention can be used as a shoe sole.
- the sole has an outsole, but the outsole is formed by either the first member or the second member.
- the sole has a midsole and an outsole laminated and adhered to the lower surface of the midsole, the midsole being composed of either the first member or the second member, and the outsole being It consists of the other side. More preferably, the midsole is formed of the first member and the outsole is formed of the second member.
- the shoes 5 and 6 show a shoe of one embodiment.
- the shoes 5 are, for example, sports shoes.
- the shoe has a body 51 covering the instep of the foot, and a sole 52 provided below the body.
- the illustrated sole 52 is composed of a midsole 521 and an outsole 522 directly adhered to the lower side of the midsole 521.
- a non-foamed first member can be formed into a predetermined shape to form the midsole 521
- a foamed second member can be formed into a predetermined shape to form the outsole 522.
- the outsole is a member in contact with the ground in the sole
- the midsole is a member in the sole between the outsole and the main body.
- Thermoplastic polymer LDPE Low density polyethylene.
- -HDPE high density polyethylene.
- EVA1 ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
- EVA2 ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
- EVA3 ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
- SBS Styrene butadiene styrene elastomer.
- SIS styrene isoprene styrene elastomer.
- SEBS 1 Styrene ethylene butylene styrene elastomer.
- Product name "Tough Tech H1062” manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd. -SEBS 2 Styrene ethylene butylene styrene elastomer.
- SEBS 3 Styrene ethylene butylene styrene elastomer. Product name "Tough Tech H1043" manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd.
- ALLOY1 A mixture of 70 parts by mass of the LDPE and 30 parts by mass of EVA1.
- ALLOY2 A mixture of 35 parts by mass of the LDPE, 35 parts by mass of HDPE, and 30 parts by mass of EVA1.
- first member laser transmission material
- LDPE-first member A flat plate-shaped first member having a thickness of 2 mm, a horizontal length of 20 mm, and a vertical length of 50 mm was produced by the following procedure.
- the first member was formed only of the thermoplastic polymer.
- the first member made of LDPE (hereinafter referred to as LDPE-first member) was produced by molding LDPE with an injection molding machine (nozzle temperature: about 200 ° C.).
- the first member made of EVA1 (hereinafter referred to as EVA1-first member), the first member made of EVA2 (hereinafter referred to as EVA2-first member), and the first member made of EVA3 (hereinafter referred to as EVA3-first member) It manufactured by shape
- a first member made of SBS (hereinafter, SBS-first member) was produced by molding SBS with an injection molding machine (nozzle temperature: about 200 ° C.).
- the first member made of SIS (hereinafter, SIS-first member) was produced by molding SIS with an injection molding machine (nozzle temperature: about 230 ° C.).
- the first member consisting of SEBS1 (hereinafter SEBS1-first member), the first member consisting of SEBS2 (hereinafter SEBS2-first member), and the first member consisting of SEBS3 (hereinafter SEBS3-first member) It manufactured by shape
- LDPE Laser Absorbent
- a second member including a flat plate-like LDPE with a thickness of 4 mm, a horizontal length of 20 mm, and a vertical length of 50 mm was produced.
- LDPE, a laser absorbent (carbon black), a filler, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, etc. were mixed in the mixing ratio shown in Table 1.
- the numerical value shown in Table 1 is a mass part display.
- the mixture was kneaded using a kneader, and then the foam was formed by pressing using a press at 160 ° C. and a pressure of 15 MPa for about 20 minutes.
- This foam is the LDPE (a)-second member.
- the blending ratio is changed as shown in Table 1, and similarly, another second member containing LDPE (hereinafter, LDPE (b)-second member, LDPE (c)-second member, LDPE (d)-second) 2 members were produced.
- thermoplastic polymer and the blending ratio were changed as shown in Table 1, and in the same manner, a second member containing EVA3 (hereinafter, EVA3-second member) was produced.
- the thermoplastic polymer and the blending ratio were changed as shown in Table 1, and in the same manner, a second member containing SBS (hereinafter, SBS-second member) was produced.
- the thermoplastic polymer and the blending ratio were changed as shown in Table 1, and in the same manner, a second member containing SIS (hereinafter, SIS-second member) was produced.
- the thermoplastic polymer and the blending ratio were changed as shown in Table 1, and in the same manner, a second member containing ALLOY1 (hereinafter, ALLOY1-second member) was produced.
- the thermoplastic polymer and the blending ratio were changed as shown in Table 1, and in the same manner, a second member containing ALLOY 2 (hereinafter, ALLOY 2-second member) was produced.
- the dispersion component ⁇ d1 , the polar component ⁇ p1 and the hydrogen bond component ⁇ h1 at the surface free energy of each first member were measured.
- the dispersion component ⁇ d2 , the polar component ⁇ p2 and the hydrogen bond component ⁇ h2 at the surface free energy of each of the second members were measured.
- the surface free energy was measured using a contact angle meter “DMs-401” manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd., using liquids (water, diiodomethane and ethylene glycol) whose components of the surface free energy are known.
- the contact angle ⁇ of the known liquid at the bonding surface of the first member is measured using the contact angle meter at 23 ° C. ⁇ 2 ° C., 50% RH, and manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.
- Each component ((gamma) d1 , (gamma) p1 and (gamma) h1 ) of surface free energy was calculated
- the surface free energies ⁇ d2 , ⁇ p2 and ⁇ h2 at the bonding surface of the second member were similarly determined. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- Examples 1 to 22 and Comparative Examples 1 to 16 Each said 1st member and 2nd member were combined like Table 5 and Table 6.
- D in Tables 5 and 6 represents the distance between the Hansen solubility parameter of the thermoplastic polymer of the first member and the Hansen solubility parameter of the thermoplastic polymer of the second member, and Wa represents the work of adhesion.
- the lower surface (bonding surface) of the first member was superimposed on the upper surface (bonding surface) of the second member, and laser light was irradiated from the upper surface side of the first member under the following conditions.
- Laser irradiation device manufactured by Nippon Emerson Co., Ltd. Wavelength of laser light: wavelength 808 nm. Laser light irradiation rate: see Table 5 and Table 6. Laser light output per diode: 4.5 W. Number of diodes: 25. Irradiation time of laser light: 5 seconds.
- Each laminated body of Examples 1 to 22 and Comparative Examples 1 to 16 in which the first member and the second member were bonded was obtained by irradiating the laser light.
- FIG. 7 and 8 are graphs of the results of the peeling test, and FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the distance of the solubility parameter of each example and comparative example and the adhesive strength, and FIG. 8 shows each example and comparative example The relation between adhesion work and adhesive strength of the example is shown.
- the adhesive strength is 3 kgf / 2 cm or more (about 29.4 N / 2 cm or more)
- all the examples had an adhesive strength of 3 kgf / 2 cm or more.
- FIG. 9 is a graph of the relationship between the distance of the solubility parameter and the adhesion work in each Example and Comparative Example, where the abscissa represents the distance of the solubility parameter and the ordinate represents the adhesion work.
- the examples were collected generally on the upper side (especially the upper side and the left side) of the graph, and the comparative examples were collected on the lower side.
- Wa 9 ⁇ D + 45.
- the upper right region of the boundary is presumed to be a region corresponding to a combination of the first member and the second member adhered with sufficient adhesive strength. This area is an area satisfying Wa-9 ⁇ D-45> 0.
- FIG. 9 9 ⁇ D + 45.
- the laminate of the present invention can be used, for example, as a component such as shoes and sports goods.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1には、レーザー光の照射によって接着する少なくとも3層構造のレーザー接着用積層体が開示されている。かかる積層体は、レーザー光に対する透過性を有する上部材と、熱可塑性の発泡体から形成された下部材と、前記上部材と下部材の間に介在され且つレーザー光を照射することによって溶融する接着用シートと、を有し、前記下部材の融点と接着用シートの融点の差が、-50℃~20℃であり、前記下部材の溶融粘度と接着用シートの溶融粘度の差が、3.0×105Pa・s~8.0×105Pa・sである。
しかしながら、特許文献1では、接着用シートを用いるので、上部材及び下部材だけでなく、接着用シートを準備しなければならない。つまり、接着対象は、本来、上部材と下部材であるが、これらを接着させるための接着用シートを用いなければならない。接着用シートを用いると、原料コストがアップするほか、接着用シートを上部材と下部材の間に挟み込む作業が必要となり、生産コストもアップする。
レーザー光を用いた接着は、接着剤を用いた接着技術と異なり、熱可塑性材料を溶融させて2つの材料を溶着させるものであるが、それらを直接的に強固に接着させることが難しい。つまり、レーザー光によって2つの材料を直接的に強固に接着させるためには、互いに適切な材料を選択する必要があるが、その選択が難しい。
本発明者らは、レーザー光による溶着因子として2つの材料の混ざり指標であるハンセン溶解度パラメータの距離、及び、2つの材料が密着して引き剥がすのに必要なエネルギーである付着仕事、に着目した。そして、鋭意研究の結果、ハンセン溶解度パラメータの距離と付着仕事が、レーザー光を用いた接着強度に関連性が高いことを確認し、本発明を完成した。
式1:A=-9×D+Wa-45
式2:D={4×(δd1-δd2)2+(δp1-δp2)2+(δh1-δh2)2}1/2
式3:Wa=2×(γd1×γd2)1/2+2×(γp1×γp2)1/2+2×(γh1×γh2)1/2
ただし、式1において、Dは、式2に従って算出される前記第1部材の熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータと前記第2部材の熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータの距離を表し、Waは、前記第1部材と前記第2部材の各表面自由エネルギーから式3に従って算出される付着仕事を表す。式2において、δd1、δp1及びδh1は、前記第1部材の熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータにおける分散項、極性項及び水素結合項を表し、δd2、δp2及びδh2は、前記第2部材の熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータにおける分散項、極性項及び水素結合項を表す。式3において、γd1、γp1及びγh1は、前記第1部材の表面自由エネルギーにおける分散成分、極性成分及び水素結合成分を表し、γd2、γp2及びγh2は、前記第2部材の表面自由エネルギーにおける分散成分、極性成分及び水素結合成分を表す。
この靴底は、アウトソールを有し、前記アウトソールが、前記第1部材又は第2部材の何れか一方から形成されている。
また、シューズは、前記靴底を有する。
なお、本明細書において、用語の頭に、「第1」、「第2」を付す場合があるが、この第1などは、用語を区別するためだけに付加されたものであり、その順序や優劣などの特別な意味を持たない。「下限値X~上限値Y」で表される数値範囲は、下限値X以上上限値Y以下を意味する。前記数値範囲が別個に複数記載されている場合、任意の下限値と任意の上限値を選択し、「任意の下限値~任意の上限値」の数値範囲を設定できるものとする。各図に表された厚み及び長さなどの寸法は、実際のものとは異なっている場合があることに留意されたい。
本発明においては、第1部材及び第2部材に含まれる各熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータの距離Dと、第1部材及び第2部材の各表面自由エネルギーに従って算出される付着仕事Waと、から規定されるAが零より大きいことを特徴とする。
第1部材は、熱可塑性高分子を含み、レーザー光が透過し得るような材料から形成されている。以下、第1部材に含まれる熱可塑性高分子を「第1熱可塑性高分子」、第2部材に含まれる熱可塑性高分子を「第2熱可塑性高分子」という場合がある。
なお、熱可塑性エラストマーと熱可塑性ゴムは、その種類によって明確に区別できない場合もあることに留意されたい。
第1部材において、第1熱可塑性高分子の含有量は、特に限定されないが、熱可塑性高分子が余りに少ないと第1部材が第2部材に十分な接着強度で接着しないおそれがある。従って、第1熱可塑性高分子の配合量は、通常、第1部材全体100質量%に対して、60質量%以上であり、好ましくは70質量%以上である。一方、第1熱可塑性高分子の配合量の上限は、理論的には100質量%である。
また、第1部材に含まれる第1熱可塑性高分子は、架橋されていてもよく、或いは、架橋されていなくてもよい。
熱可塑性高分子を架橋する場合、その架橋方法は特に限定されず、例えば、電子線架橋、化学架橋などが挙げられる。電子線としては、X線、α線、β線、γ線などが挙げられる。また、化学架橋を行う場合には、過酸化物などの架橋剤が熱可塑性高分子に配合される。
前記添加剤としては、軟化剤、架橋剤、架橋助剤、充填剤、耐候性剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、滑剤、静電防止剤、分散剤、発泡剤などが挙げられる。
前記軟化剤としては、例えば、プロセスオイル、エクステンダーオイルなどの鉱物油;トール油脂肪酸、ひまし油、亜麻仁油などの植物油などが挙げられる。前記架橋剤としては、例えば、有機過酸化物、マレイミド系架橋剤、硫黄、フェノール系架橋剤、オキシム類、ポリアミンなどが挙げられる。前記架橋助剤としては、例えば、脂肪酸、酸化亜鉛、ジビニルベンゼン、トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールメタクリレート、1,9-ノナンジオールジメタクリレート、1,10-デカンジオールジメタクリレート、トリメリット酸トリアリルエステル、トリアリルイソシアネートなどが挙げられる。充填剤としては、例えば、シリカ、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、酸化マグネシウムなどが挙げられる。
ただし、前記透過率は、第1部材の厚みを2mmとし、それに波長808nmのレーザー光を照射したときのそのレーザー光の透過率である。前記透過率は、例えば、レーザーパワーメーター(OPHIR社製、製品名「NOVA II」)を用いて測定できる。
なお、第1部材は、レーザー光を吸収し得る吸収剤が含まれていてもよい。もっとも、レーザー光を第2部材に十分に作用させるために、第1部材は、レーザー光を吸収し得る吸収剤が実質的に含まれていないことが好ましい。
第1部材は、第1熱可塑性高分子及び必要に応じて配合される各種添加剤を含む材料を、溶融プレス法などの従来公知の方法で成形することによって得ることができる。
第2部材は、第2熱可塑性高分子を含み、レーザー光を吸収し得るような材料から形成されている。
第2熱可塑性高分子としては、熱可塑性を有する材料(熱によって溶融し得る材料)であれば、特に限定されない。第2熱可塑性高分子としては、例えば、熱可塑性樹脂、熱可塑性エラストマー、熱可塑性ゴムなどが挙げられる。第2熱可塑性高分子は、これらから選ばれる1種を単独で、又は2種以上を混合して用いることができる。
第2熱可塑性高分子の熱可塑性樹脂、熱可塑性エラストマー及び熱可塑性ゴムとしては、上記<第1部材>の欄の第1熱可塑性高分子で例示したようなものが挙げられる。
なお、第1熱可塑性高分子及び第2熱可塑性高分子は、互いに同一の高分子でもよく、或いは、同系統の高分子でもよく、或いは、互いに異なる高分子でもよい。
前記吸収剤の配合量は、特に限定されないが、通常、第2部材全体100質量%に対して、0.1質量%~15質量%である。
発泡体は、熱可塑性高分子を含む材料を発泡させることにより得られる。発泡方法は、化学的発泡法、物理的発泡法又は機械的発泡法などの従来公知の方法が挙げられる。なお、これら発泡方法に対応して、適切な発泡剤が必要に応じて配合される。
発泡体の密度(見かけ密度)は、特に限定されない。もっとも、前記密度が余りに小さい又は余りに大きいと、良好な弾力性を有する発泡体が得られない。かかる観点から、発泡体の密度(見かけ密度)は、好ましくは0.05g/cm3~0.8g/cm3である。
第2部材は、第2熱可塑性高分子、吸収剤及び必要に応じて配合される各種添加剤を含む材料を、溶融プレス法などの従来公知の方法で成形することによって得ることができる。
上記第1部材と第2部材は、式1で表されるAが零より大きいものが用いられる。
式3において、γd1、γp1及びγh1は、第1部材の表面自由エネルギーにおける分散成分、極性成分及び水素結合成分を表し、γd2、γp2及びγh2は、第2部材の表面自由エネルギーにおける分散成分、極性成分及び水素結合成分を表す。
第1熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータ及び第2熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータの算出は、温度23℃±2℃で、溶解度パラメータ算出法に基づいてソフトウェア名「HSPiP」を用いて計算することができる。ハンセン溶解度パラメータの算出方法の詳細は、下記実施例の欄を参照できるものとする。
表面自由エネルギーの測定は、温度23℃±2℃で、第1部材の接合面及び第2部材の接合面に水、ジヨードメタン及びエチレングリコールを付着させ、接触角計を用いて接触角を測定することによって得られる。表面自由エネルギーの測定方法の詳細は、下記実施例の欄を参照できるものとする。
なお、後述するように、積層体となった状態では、第1部材の接合面と第2部材の接合面は強固に接着している。このため、積層体の状態では、第1部材の接合面及び第2部材の接合面の各表面自由エネルギーを測定することは困難である。よって、積層体の状態で、第1部材及び第2部材の各表面自由エネルギーを測定する際には、第1部材及び第2部材をそれぞれ切断し、各切断面の表面における表面自由エネルギーを測定するものとする。
本発明の積層体の製造方法は、第1部材と第2部材を重ね合わせる工程、その重ね合わせた二重物の第1部材側からレーザー光を照射する工程、を有する。
具体的には、図1に示すように、所望形状に形成された上記第1部材1と第2部材2を準備する。この第1部材1の下面と第2部材2の上面が直接接触するように、第1部材1と第2部材2を重ね合わせる(図2参照)。この互いに重なり合う面が、第1部材1の接合面1aと第2部材2の接合面2aである。図示例では、第1部材1の下面が第1部材1の接合面1aであり、第2部材2の上面が第2部材2の接合面2aである。
なお、図1及び図2の紙面上、第2部材2の上面(接合面)に第1部材1の下面(接合面)が接した状態で、第1部材1と第2部材2が積層されているが、反対であってもよい。つまり、第1部材1の上面に第2部材2の下面が直接接した状態で、第1部材1と第2部材2が積層されていてもよい(図示せず)。
そして、この重ね合わせた二重物の第1部材1側(第1部材1の接合面1aとは反対側の面1b側)からレーザー光を照射する。
照射されるレーザー光の波長は、780nm~1000nmであり、通常、波長808nmのレーザー光が用いられる。レーザー光の照射速度は、第1部材1及び第2部材の形成材料に応じて適宜適切に設定され、例えば、3mm/sec~15mm/secである。レーザー光の出力は、1本あたり3W~25Wのダイオードを4本~50本使用し、全体として100W~625Wであることが好ましい。
本発明の積層体3は、(1)第1部材1と第2部材2が界面を有さずに接着している(図3参照)、或いは、(2)第1部材1と第2部材2の境界に界面を有しつつ両部材が接着している(図4参照)。
図3を参照して、1つの実施形態では、本発明の積層体3は、第1部材1と第2部材2の間において、第1部材1を構成する材料と第2部材2を構成する材料が入り交じっている。第1部材1と第2部材2は、構造的に互いの材料を分離できないような状態で、強固に接着されている。図3の×で表された領域が第1部材1の材料と第2部材2の材料が入り交じった領域である。
図4を参照して、もう1つの実施形態では、本発明の積層体3は、第1部材1と第2部材2の境界付近に、界面4が存在する。ただし、この界面4において第1部材1の材料と第2部材2の材料が明確に分離されているわけでなく、構造的にその界面4で互いの材料を概ね分離できるという意味である。第1部材1と第2部材2は、界面4において強固に接着されている。
このような積層体は、式1:A=-9×D+Wa-45で表されるAが零より大きい第1部材と第2部材を用いることによって得られる。すなわち、前記積層体は、A>0の関係を満たす第1部材と第2部材を用いることによって得られる。
従来、所謂レーザー接着の分野においては、2つの部材の間に接着用シートを介在させて両部材を接着していた。両部材を直接的に強固接着させる1つの方法として、レーザー光によって直接的に接着するような両部材の材料を選択することが挙げられる。しかし、その材料選択が困難である。
本発明によれば、A>0の関係を満足する材料(第1熱可塑性高分子及び第2熱可塑性高分子)により、レーザー光によって第1部材と第2部材を直接的に強固に接着できる。本発明の別の局面では、レーザー光を用いて第1部材と第2部材を直接的に接着する際に、その第1部材と第2部材を容易に選択できるスクリーニング方法を提供する。すなわち、本発明の別の局面によれば、レーザー光によって第1部材と第2部材を直接的に接着するに当たって、A>0を指標にして、第1部材と第2部材を選択するものである。A>0を満足する第1部材及び第2部材は、それらのハンセン溶解度パラメータの距離Dと付着仕事Waに基づいて容易に取捨選択できる。
また、式1中のDの数値の上限は、特に制限がないが、好ましくは、3(J/cm3)1/2以下であり、より好ましくは、2(J/cm3)1/2以下であり、さらに好ましくは、1(J/cm3)1/2以下である。前記Dの下限値は、理論上、零である。
式1中のWaの数値は、特に制限がないが、好ましくは45~70mN/mであり、より好ましくは55~65mN/mである。
本発明の積層体の用途は特に限定されない。積層体は、その用途に応じて、適宜な平面形状又は立体形状及び厚みに形成され得る。
本発明の積層体は、レーザー光の照射により第1部材及び第2部材が強固に接着されているので、過酷な環境下で使用され得る製品の構成部材として好適に使用できる。積層体の好ましい用途は、シューズの構成部材である。例えば、本発明の積層体は、靴底として利用できる。靴底は、アウトソールを有するが、第1部材又は第2部材の何れか一方でそのアウトソールが形成される。
好ましくは、靴底は、ミッドソールと、前記ミッドソールの下面に積層接着されたアウトソールとを有し、そのミッドソールが第1部材又は第2部材の何れか一方で構成され且つアウトソールがもう一方で構成される。より好ましくは、ミッドソールが第1部材で形成され且つアウトソールが第2部材で形成される。
図2及び図3において、シューズ5は、例えば、スポーツシューズである。シューズは、足の甲を覆う本体51と、本体の下方に設けられた靴底52と、を有する。
図示例の靴底52は、ミッドソール521と、ミッドソール521の下方に直接接着されたアウトソール522と、からなる。例えば、非発泡の第1部材を所定形状に形成して前記ミッドソール521とし、発泡された第2部材を所定形状に形成して前記アウトソール522とすることができる。
なお、アウトソールは、靴底のうち、地面に接する部材であり、ミッドソールは、靴底のうち、アウトソールと本体の間に介在する部材である。
(A)熱可塑性高分子
・LDPE:低密度ポリエチレン。東ソー株式会社製、製品名「ペトロセン226」。
・HDPE:高密度ポリエチレン。東ソー株式会社製、製品名「ニポロンハード1000」。
・EVA1:エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体。東ソー株式会社製、製品名「ウルトラセン540」。
・EVA2:エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体。東ソー株式会社製、製品名「ウルトラセン630」。
・EVA3:エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体。東ソー株式会社製、製品名「ウルトラセン631」。
・SBS:スチレンブタジエンスチレンエラストマー。JSR株式会社製、製品名「TR2003」。
・SIS:スチレンイソプレンスチレンエラストマー。株式会社クラレ製、製品名「ハイブラー7125F」。
・SEBS1:スチレンエチレンブチレンスチレンエラストマー。旭化成株式会社製、製品名「タフテックH1062」。
・SEBS2:スチレンエチレンブチレンスチレンエラストマー。旭化成株式会社製、製品名「タフテックH1041」。
・SEBS3:スチレンエチレンブチレンスチレンエラストマー。旭化成株式会社製、製品名「タフテックH1043」。
・ALLOY1:前記LDPEの70質量部とEVA1の30質量部の混合物。
・ALLOY2:前記LDPEの35質量部とHDPEの35質量部とEVA1の30質量部の混合物。
・カーボンブラック:カーボンブラックマスターバッチタイプ。盛強國際有限公司社製、製品名「黒粒50」。
・NIR1:フタロシアニン系化合物。BASF社製、製品名「lumogen IR765」。
・NIR2:多環系化合物。昭和電工株式会社製、製品名「IR-T」。
・充填剤:軟質炭酸カルシウム。丸尾カルシウム株式会社製。
・ステアリン酸:新日本理化株式会社製。
・亜鉛華:活性亜鉛華No.2。本荘ケミカル株式会社製。
・架橋剤:パーオキサイド。日油株式会社製、製品名「パークミルD」。
・架橋助剤:トリアリルイソシアネート。日本化成株式会社製、製品名「TAIC M60]。
・発泡剤:アゾジカルボンアミド。永和化成工業株式会社製、製品名「ビニホール AC#3C」。
次の手順で、厚み2mm、横長さ20mm、縦長さ50mmの平板状の第1部材を作製した。なお、第1部材は、熱可塑性高分子のみから形成した。
LDPEからなる第1部材(以下、LDPE-第1部材)は、射出成形機(ノズル温度約200℃)にてLDPEを成形することにより作製した。
EVA1からなる第1部材(以下、EVA1-第1部材)、EVA2からなる第1部材(以下、EVA2-第1部材)、及びEVA3からなる第1部材(以下、EVA3-第1部材)は、射出成形機(ノズル温度約200℃)にてEVA1、2、3をそれぞれ成形することにより作製した。
SBSからなる第1部材(以下、SBS-第1部材)は、射出成形機(ノズル温度約200℃)にてSBSを成形することにより作製した。
SISからなる第1部材(以下、SIS-第1部材)は、射出成形機(ノズル温度約230℃)にてSISを成形することにより作製した。
SEBS1からなる第1部材(以下、SEBS1-第1部材)、SEBS2からなる第1部材(以下、SEBS2-第1部材)、及びSEBS3からなる第1部材(以下、SEBS3-第1部材)は、射出成形機(ノズル温度約230℃)にてSEBS1、2、3をそれぞれ成形することにより作製した。
次の手順で、厚み4mm、横長さ20mm、縦長さ50mmの平板状のLDPEを含む第2部材(以下、LDPE(a)-第2部材)を作製した。
LDPE、レーザー吸収剤(カーボンブラック)、充填剤、発泡剤、架橋剤などを、表1に示す配合割合で混合した。なお、表1に示す数値は、質量部表示である。前記混合物を、混練機を用いて混練した後、プレス機を用いて、160℃、圧力15MPaで約20分間加圧することにより、前記発泡体を成形した。この発泡体が、LDPE(a)-第2部材である。
配合割合を表1に示すように変え、同様にして、LDPEを含む別の第2部材(以下、LDPE(b)-第2部材、LDPE(c)-第2部材、LDPE(d)-第2部材)を作製した。
熱可塑性高分子及び配合割合を表1に示すように変え、同様にして、SBSを含む第2部材(以下、SBS-第2部材)を作製した。
熱可塑性高分子及び配合割合を表1に示すように変え、同様にして、SISを含む第2部材(以下、SIS-第2部材)を作製した。
熱可塑性高分子及び配合割合を表1に示すように変え、同様にして、ALLOY1を含む第2部材(以下、ALLOY1-第2部材)を作製した。
熱可塑性高分子及び配合割合を表1に示すように変え、同様にして、ALLOY2を含む第2部材(以下、ALLOY2-第2部材)を作製した。
上記第1部材の熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータにおける分散項δd1、極性項δp1及び水素結合項δh1、並びに、上記第2部材の熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータにおける分散項δd2、極性項δp2及び水素結合項δh2を、それぞれ、次のようにして算出した。
チャールズハンセンが提唱した溶解度パラメータ算出法(文献名Hansen C.M.;Hansen Solubility Parameters,CRS Press(2000))に基づき、チャールズハンセンらによって開発されたソフトフェア(ソフト名:Hansen Solubility Parameter in Practice(HSPiP) Version 4.0.04)で求めた。算出温度は、基本設定の25℃を使用した。
その結果を、表2に示す。
上記各第1部材の表面自由エネルギーにおける、分散成分γd1、極性成分γp1及び水素結合成分γh1を測定した。
同様に、上記各第2部材の表面自由エネルギーにおける、分散成分γd2、極性成分γp2及び水素結合成分γh2を測定した。
表面自由エネルギーの測定は、協和界面科学株式会社製の接触角計「DMs-401」を用い、表面自由エネルギーの各成分が既知の液体(水、ジヨードメタン及びエチレングリコール)を使用した。具体的には、23℃±2℃、50%RH下で、前記接触角計を用いて、第1部材の接合面における前記既知の液体の接触角θを測定し、協和界面科学株式会社製の多機能統合ソフトウェア「FAMAS」を用いて、表面自由エネルギーの各成分(γd1、γp1及びγh1)を求めた。第2部材の接合面における表面自由エネルギーのγd2、γp2及びγh2も同様にして求めた。それらの結果を表3及び表4に示す。
接触角θの測定条件。
測定:液滴法
液量:1μL
着滴認識:自動
画像処理:アルゴリズム-無反射
上記各第1部材及び第2部材を、表5及び表6のように組み合わせた。表5及び表6中のDは、第1部材の熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータと前記第2部材の熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータの距離を表し、Waは、付着仕事を表す。各Dは、式2:D={4×(δd1-δd2)2+(δp1-δp2)2+(δh1-δh2)2}1/2に、表2の数値を代入して求め、各Waは、式3:Wa=2×(γd1×γd2)1/2+2×(γp1×γp2)1/2+2×(γh1×γh2)1/2に、表3及び表4の数値を代入して求めた。また、Aは、式1:A=-9×D+Wa-45から算出した。
レーザー照射装置:日本エマソン株式会社製。
レーザー光の波長:波長808nm。
レーザー光の照射速度:表5及び表6参照。
ダイオード1本当たりのレーザー光の出力:4.5W。
ダイオードの本数:25本。
レーザー光の照射時間:5秒。
上記各実施例及び比較例の積層体について、引張試験機を用いて、剥離試験を行った。
具体的には、各積層体について、第1部材の縁部と第2部材の縁部を、引張試験機のそれぞれのチャックで掴み、引張り速度50mm/minにて両チャックを引き離すことによって、前記第1部材と第2部材を180度剥離した。言い換えると、第1部材の縁部と第2部材の縁部が約180度方向に離反するように、引張り速度50mm/minにて両者を引張った。そして、第1部材と第2部材が分離したときの最大応力を接着強度とした。
その結果を表5及び表6に示す。
なお、表5及び6の剥離状態において、「材料破壊」は、第1部材と第2部材の界面において両者が剥離せず、第2部材自体が破断していたという結果を表し、「界面剥離」は、第1部材と第2部材の界面において両者が剥離していたという結果を表す。
なお、接着強度が3kgf/2cm以上(約29.4N/2cm以上)である場合には、第1部材と第2部材が十分な強度で接着していると言える。グラフ図から明らかなように、全ての実施例は接着強度が3kgf/2cm以上であった。
図10は、図9で決定した-9×D+Wa-45=Aを横軸に取り、そのAと接着強度の関係を示すグラフ図である。全ての実施例は、Aが零より大きい領域(A>0の領域)に含まれ、全ての比較例は、Aが零以下の領域に含まれている。
2 第2部材
3 積層体
5 シューズ
51 シューズの本体
52 シューズの靴底
521 ミッドソール
522 アウトソール
Claims (4)
- 熱可塑性高分子を含み且つレーザー光が透過する第1部材と、熱可塑性高分子を含み且つレーザー光を吸収する第2部材と、を有し、
前記第1部材が前記第2部材に直接的に接着されており、
下記式1で表されるAが、零より大きい、積層体。
ただし、式1において、Dは、下記式2に従って算出される前記第1部材の熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータと前記第2部材の熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータの距離を表し、Waは、前記第1部材と前記第2部材の各表面自由エネルギーから下記式3に従って算出される付着仕事を表し、式2において、δd1、δp1及びδh1は、前記第1部材の熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータにおける分散項、極性項及び水素結合項を表し、δd2、δp2及びδh2は、前記第2部材の熱可塑性高分子のハンセン溶解度パラメータにおける分散項、極性項及び水素結合項を表し、式3において、γd1、γp1及びγh1は、前記第1部材の表面自由エネルギーにおける分散成分、極性成分及び水素結合成分を表し、γd2、γp2及びγh2は、前記第2部材の表面自由エネルギーにおける分散成分、極性成分及び水素結合成分を表す。
- 前記第1部材が、非発泡体から形成されており、前記第2部材が、発泡体から形成されている、請求項1の積層体。
- アウトソールを有し、
前記アウトソールが、請求項1又は2に記載の第1部材又は第2部材の何れか一方から形成されている、靴底。 - 請求項3に記載の靴底を有するシューズ。
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PCT/JP2017/033488 WO2019053885A1 (ja) | 2017-09-15 | 2017-09-15 | 積層体、靴底及びシューズ |
CN201780094716.4A CN111093993B (zh) | 2017-09-15 | 2017-09-15 | 层叠体、鞋底及鞋 |
AU2017431565A AU2017431565A1 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2017-09-15 | Laminated body, shoe sole, and shoes |
US16/646,036 US11667105B2 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2017-09-15 | Laminate, shoe sole, and shoe |
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US11667105B2 (en) | 2023-06-06 |
CN111093993A (zh) | 2020-05-01 |
JP6695648B2 (ja) | 2020-05-20 |
US20200262156A1 (en) | 2020-08-20 |
EP3683058A4 (en) | 2020-11-04 |
EP3683058B1 (en) | 2024-06-05 |
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EP3683058A1 (en) | 2020-07-22 |
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