WO2019041659A1 - 一种电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置 - Google Patents

一种电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019041659A1
WO2019041659A1 PCT/CN2017/117137 CN2017117137W WO2019041659A1 WO 2019041659 A1 WO2019041659 A1 WO 2019041659A1 CN 2017117137 W CN2017117137 W CN 2017117137W WO 2019041659 A1 WO2019041659 A1 WO 2019041659A1
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Prior art keywords
analog
motor
current value
microcomputer control
control unit
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PCT/CN2017/117137
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王昕�
陈江群
林洲
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福建纳仕达电子股份有限公司
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Priority to US16/644,491 priority Critical patent/US11390458B2/en
Priority to JP2020512861A priority patent/JP7011707B2/ja
Priority to DE112017007910.1T priority patent/DE112017007910T5/de
Publication of WO2019041659A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019041659A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F1/00—Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
    • B65F1/14—Other constructional features; Accessories
    • B65F1/16—Lids or covers
    • B65F1/1623—Lids or covers with means for assisting the opening or closing thereof, e.g. springs
    • B65F1/1638—Electromechanically operated lids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/03—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for controlling the direction of rotation of DC motors
    • H02P7/04—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for controlling the direction of rotation of DC motors by means of a H-bridge circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
    • G05B2219/25—Pc structure of the system
    • G05B2219/25252—Microprocessor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control technology of an electronic household garbage container, in particular to an electronic garbage bin action power saving control device.
  • induction trigger induction trash can
  • switch trigger light touch electric trash can
  • the power consumption of the electronic trash can consists of two parts. The first part is the standby power consumption (when the lid is not moved); the second part is the power consumption of the action (when the lid is in motion).
  • the action of the electronic trash can refers to the whole process of turning the lid open or closed by the forward or reverse rotation of the motor. When the lid is in the limit state after the lid is opened or closed, if the motor is still energized, the motor is in a blocked state. At present, the e-waste bin lid is driven by the control program to a fixed rotation time from the start of the action to the stop of the motor.
  • the design is generally 1 second.
  • the motor used for driving the lid of the electronic trash can is a DC motor.
  • the DC motor is characterized by a higher voltage, a higher rotation speed, and a square of myopia.
  • the battery capacity is gradually decreasing during the use of the electronic trash can, and the voltage of the battery is gradually decreasing.
  • the capacity is basically used up. Therefore, when the battery capacity is sufficient, the voltage is relatively high, the motor speed is fast, and the operation time required for the lid to open or close is only about 0.5 seconds; when the battery capacity is not enough and the voltage is relatively low, the motor speed will be slow. It takes about 1 second for the lid to open or close.
  • the operation time of the actual lid opening or closing is only about 0.5 seconds, and the motor is in a stalled state for about 0.5 seconds.
  • the motor current is 70mA when the lid is in operation, and the time when the lid is opened is 0.5 seconds, leaving 0.5 seconds. Time is because the lid has been opened, the motor is in a locked state, and the motor stall current is 230 mA.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an electronic garbage bin action power-saving control device which is simple in structure, low in cost, and capable of improving battery utilization according to the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • An electronic garbage bin action power-saving control device comprises an open cover signal trigger circuit, a motor forward/reverse drive circuit and a microcomputer control unit, and the open cover signal trigger circuit is connected with the control end of the motor forward/reverse drive circuit through the microcomputer control unit.
  • the main point is that it further includes a stall current setting register, a sampling resistor, and an analog-to-digital converter, an analog-to-digital conversion result register, and a comparison unit that are sequentially connected, and the reference terminal of the comparison unit is connected to the stall current setting register.
  • the output of the comparison unit is connected to the microcomputer control unit;
  • sampling resistor One end of the sampling resistor is connected to the motor forward and reverse driving circuit, and the other end is connected to the DC power source.
  • the connection point between the sampling resistor and the motor forward and reverse driving circuit is the sampling output end, and the sampling output terminal outputs the real-time current analog value of the motor driving operation.
  • the sampling output is connected to the analog-to-digital converter, and the real-time current analog value is converted into a digital real-time current value by the analog-to-digital converter and stored in the analog-to-digital conversion result register; the set reference is stored in the stall current setting register.
  • the current value, the reference current value is smaller than the actual stall current value of the motor
  • the comparison unit compares the real-time current value in the analog-to-digital conversion result register with the reference current value stored in the stall current setting register, when the real-time current value is greater than
  • the comparison unit outputs a trigger command to the microcomputer control unit, and the microcomputer control unit stops supplying power to the motor by controlling the motor forward/reverse drive circuit.
  • the motor When the motor is energized, the current flowing through the motor also flows through the sampling resistor. Therefore, the voltage across the sampling resistor reflects the current value of the motor, and the voltage is analog-to-digital converted to a digital amount for real-time operation. Determine the current size.
  • the motor that drives the lid operation maintains the original power-on state, and when the value of the analog-to-digital conversion result register is greater than the value of the stall current setting register, The power to the motor is stopped. When the motor is blocked, the peak current of the impact will directly reach the actual value of the locked current, which easily exceeds the set current value.
  • the motor can be quickly stopped, thus greatly reducing the electronic waste.
  • the power consumption of the barrel moves to improve the battery life; in addition, the invention adopts a simple sampling and comparison control method to realize the indirect feedback of the barrel cover action switch in position, without the stroke sensor, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high reliability.
  • the invention further specifically:
  • the analog-to-digital converter, the analog-to-digital conversion result register, the stall current setting register, the comparison unit, and the microcomputer control unit are integrated in the same chip.
  • peripheral analog-to-digital conversion chip is connected to the microcomputer control unit, and the functions of the analog-to-digital conversion result register, the stall current setting register, and the comparison unit are implemented by the microcomputer control unit.
  • RC filter that is coupled to the analog to digital converter by the RC filter.
  • the resistance value of the sampling resistor is between 0.1 ⁇ and 1 ⁇ , the value of the sampling resistor is relatively small, and the voltage drop generated by the motor current flowing through the sampling resistor is relatively small, and the efficiency of the motor circuit is relatively small.
  • the voltage across the sampling resistor can be achieved by RC filtering.
  • the microcomputer control unit controls the comparison unit to compare the real-time current value with the reference current value every set time.
  • the minimum time for opening the lid is an integral multiple of the set time. For example, if the lid is not blocked for 500ms when the battery is full, the set time can be 50ms or 25ms, so even if the motor is sent. If the situation is blocked, then the stall time will not exceed the above set time, further reducing the motor stall time and saving the power consumption of the electronic trash can.
  • the present invention provides an electronic garbage bin action power-saving control device, which adopts a simple sampling and comparison control method to realize an indirect feedback of a bucket cover action switch in a state of being in place, and can quickly stop powering the motor in the event of a stall. Therefore, the power consumption of the electronic trash can is greatly reduced, the battery life is improved; the stroke sensor is not required, and the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the reliability is strong.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of an electronic garbage bin action power saving control device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the working flow of the electronic garbage bin action power saving control device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a stall test subroutine in the workflow of the electronic garbage bin action power saving control device according to the present invention.
  • the reference numerals are specifically: 1-opening signal trigger circuit, 2-microcomputer control unit, 21-analog-to-digital converter, 22-analog conversion result register, 23-comparison unit, 24-blocking current setting register, 3 - Motor positive and negative drive circuit, 4-sampling resistor, 5-motor, 6-speed reducer, 7-barrel cover, 8-RC filter, P1 ⁇ P6-microcomputer control unit port, R1 ⁇ R6-resistor, C1- Capacitor, Q1 ⁇ Q4-triode.
  • an electronic trash can action power saving control device includes an open cover signal trigger circuit 1, a motor forward and reverse drive circuit 3 (including a motor 5), a sampling resistor 4, an analog to digital converter 21, and a modulus.
  • the conversion result register 22, the stall current setting register 24, the comparison unit 23, and the RC filter 8 are provided.
  • an open cover signal is generated at the P6 port and transmitted to the microcomputer control unit 2.
  • the motor forward and reverse drive circuit 3 is composed of the motor 5 and the transistors Q1 to Q4.
  • the resistors R1 R R4 after the motor 5 is energized, the motor 5 drives the speed reducer 6 to rotate, the speed reducer 6 drives the barrel cover 7 to operate;
  • the sampling resistor 4 is composed of a resistor R5; and the RC filter 8 is composed of a resistor R6 and a capacitor C1.
  • the sampling resistor 4 is connected in series with the motor forward/reverse driving circuit 3 and connected to both ends of the positive and negative poles of the DC power supply. Specifically, one end of the sampling resistor 4 is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, and the other end is connected to the positive and negative driving circuit 3 of the motor.
  • the point connected to the motor forward/reverse driving circuit 3 is a sampling output terminal which is connected to the input terminal P5 of the analog-to-digital converter through the RC filter 8.
  • the motor forward/reverse drive circuit 3 controls the motor 5 to be energized
  • the current flowing through the motor 5 also flows through the sampling resistor 4, so the voltage across the sampling resistor 4 reflects the current value of the motor 5, and the voltage is modulo After the number is converted, it becomes a digital quantity so that it can be used to judge the magnitude of its current.
  • the analog-to-digital converter 21 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the voltage of the P5 port, and the converted data is stored in the analog-to-digital conversion result register 22, and the comparison unit 23 performs the value of the sample and the value set in the stall current setting register 24.
  • the motor 5 that drives the bucket cover 7 remains energized; when the value of the analog-to-digital conversion result register 22 is greater than the stall current setting
  • the microcomputer control unit 2 controls the motor forward/reverse drive circuit 3 to stop supplying power to the motor 5.
  • the value of the stall current setting register 24 is designed to be smaller than the actual circuit stall current, and the motor current is larger than the barrel cover when operating.
  • the 12-liter induction trash can circuit has a measured motor stall current of 230 mA.
  • the motor current is 70 mA when the cover is in operation, and the value of the stall current setting register 24 can be set to 200 mA.
  • one analog-to-digital conversion chip can be externally connected.
  • the analog-to-digital converter 21, the analog-to-digital conversion result register 22, the stall current setting register 24, the comparison unit 23, and the microcomputer control Unit 2 is integrated in a microcomputer control chip, and the circuit is more compact and reliable.
  • the sampling resistor 4 can be directly connected to the analog input port P5 of the microcomputer control unit 2.
  • the RC filter 8 is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion input terminal P5 of the microcomputer control chip, and the voltage across the sampling resistor 4 is filtered by the RC.
  • the other end of the motor forward/reverse drive circuit 3 is connected to the positive pole of the power supply.
  • the working flow of the electronic garbage bin action power-saving control device of the present invention is as follows with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, as follows:
  • Step S01 judging whether the input port P6 of the microcomputer control chip receives the opening trigger signal, if the signal is not received, the step S01 is continued; if the signal is received, the step S02 is performed.
  • Step S04 After the delay of 25 ms, the step S05 is performed.
  • Step S05 Call the stall current test subroutine, and then return to step S06.
  • Step S07 Whether the register R20 is 0 after subtracting 1 or not, if it is not 0 (indicating that the opening operation time does not exceed 1S), the program returns to execute step S04; if it is 0 (indicating that the opening operation time exceeds 1S), the program executes step S08. .
  • Step S09 The program delays for 3 seconds (the bucket lid is in the open state for 3 seconds, the time for throwing garbage), and then the step S10 is performed.
  • Step S12 After the delay of 25 ms, the step S13 is performed.
  • Step S13 Call the stall current test subroutine, and then return to step S14.
  • Step S15 Whether the register R20 is 0 after subtracting 1 or not, if it is not 0 (indicating that the closing operation time does not exceed 1S), the program returns to execute step S12; if it is 0 (indicating that the closing operation time exceeds 1S), the program executes step S16. .
  • Step S17 an activation signal is sent from the microcomputer control unit 2 to the analog to digital converter 21, and the analog to digital converter 21 is connected to the analog port.
  • the current voltage of P5 is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion, and after the completion of the conversion, step S18 is performed.
  • Step S18 The data of the analog-to-digital conversion result is stored in the analog-to-digital conversion result register 22, and the program executes step S19.
  • Step S19 Comparing the value of the analog-to-digital conversion result register 22 with the value of the stall current setting register 24 in the comparison program 23: if the value of the analog-to-digital conversion result register 22 is smaller than the value of the stall current setting register 24.
  • the step S20 is performed; if the value of the analog-to-digital conversion result register 22 is greater than the value of the stall current setting register 24, the step S21 is performed.
  • Step S22 Return to the main program.
  • the microcomputer control unit 2 is provided with a stall current test subroutine, and when the electronic trash can executes the lid switch operation program, the stall current test subroutine is called every 25 ms. Even if the lid switch is in place, the motor 5 is not blocked for more than 25ms, which greatly reduces the motor 5 stall time (the motor 5 is blocked for 500ms when the patented technology is not used), so the present invention When the battery capacity is sufficient, the electronic garbage can be operated at a power consumption of about 3.5 times smaller than that of the prior art.
  • the working principle of the electronic garbage bin action power-saving control device is as follows: when the input port P6 of the microcomputer control chip receives the trigger trigger signal, the program executes the S02 step, and in the step S02, the microcomputer control chip sets the output. Ports P1 and P4 are at a low level, P2 and P3 are at a high level, and the transistors Q1 and Q3 in the motor forward/reverse drive circuit 3 are turned on; Q2 and Q4 are turned off, and the motor 5 starts to rotate in a forward direction after applying a forward voltage.
  • the value of the analog-to-digital conversion result register 22 is compared with the value of the stall current setting register 24 in the comparison program 23: if the value of the analog-to-digital conversion result register 22 is less than the stall current
  • step S06 the program jumps to step S08 to stop supplying power to the motor; if it is 0 It indicates that the motor does not have a stall phenomenon (the lid has not been opened yet).
  • step S07 the program executes step S07 to decrement register R20 by 1, and then judges whether register R20 is 0. If it is not 0, the setting time of 1 second has not been reached yet.
  • step S08 to set the output ports P1 and P2 of the microcomputer control chip to be high level; P3 and P4 are low level, and the transistor Q1 is high. Q3, Q2 and Q4 are cut off, the motor loses power and stops rotating.
  • Line S09 steps the lid is open for 3 seconds. It can be realized from the above steps S02 to S08.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Refuse-Collection Vehicles (AREA)
  • Refuse Receptacles (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置，其要点在于，包括有堵转电流设定寄存器（24）、取样电阻（4）以及依序连接的模数转换器（21）、模数转换结果寄存器（22）和比较单元（23），比较单元（23）的基准端与堵转电流设定寄存器（24）连接，比较单元（23）的输出端与微电脑控制单元（2）连接；取样电阻（4）与电机正反转驱动电路（3）的连接点连接模数转换器（21），比较单元（23）将得到的实时电流值与堵转电流设定寄存器（24）中基准电流值进行对比，当实时电流值大于基准电流值时，微电脑控制单元（2）通过控制电机正反转驱动电路（3）停止对电机（5）进行供电。该装置的优点在于：大幅度降低了电子垃圾桶动作时的耗电，提高电池使用寿命；无需行程传感器，结构简单、成本低廉、可靠性强。

Description

一种电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电子生活垃圾容器的控制技术，特别是一种电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置。
背景技术
现有技术的电子垃圾桶，基本上有两种开盖触发电路方式，一种是感应触发(感应垃圾桶)；一种是开关触发(轻触式电动垃圾桶)。由于绝大部分电子垃圾桶采用电池供电，所以耗电问题对于电子垃圾桶尤为重要。电子垃圾桶的耗电由两部分组成，第一部分为待机耗电量(桶盖不动时)；第二部分为动作耗电量(桶盖运动时)。电子垃圾桶的动作是指由电机正向或反向转动带动桶盖开启或关闭的整个过程。当桶盖开启或关闭到位后桶盖被限位状态时，如电机还在通电，此时电机就处于堵转状态。目前电子垃圾桶桶盖从开始动作后到对电机停止供电是靠控制程序给电机一个固定的转动时间，一般设计为1秒。
然而，用于电子垃圾桶驱动桶盖动作的电机为直流电机，直流电机特点是电压越高，转速越高，近视平方关系。事实上，在电子垃圾桶使用过程中电池容量是逐步下降的，电池的电压也逐步下降，对于一次性电池从满容量的1.5V下降至1.0V时容量基本就用完。因此，当电池容量较充足时电压比较高，电机转速快，桶盖开启或关闭所需的动作时间只需0.5秒左右；当电池容量不太足、电压比较低时，电机转速将变慢，桶盖开启或关闭的动作时间需要1秒左右。在设计时需要考虑到即使是电池容量基本用完，也能保证电池容量不足时(电压比较低)桶盖也能开关到位，所以电机固定的转动时间设计为电压较低、电机转速较慢所需要的1秒。
但是，当电池容量较充足、电压比较高时，实际桶盖开启或关闭的动作时间只需要0.5秒左右，剩下0.5秒左右时间电机处于堵转状态。以现有的12升感应垃圾桶测试为例，在电池容量充足时(电池电压为1.5V)，桶盖在动作时电机电流为70mA，桶盖开启到位的时间为0.5秒，剩下0.5秒时间因为桶盖已经开到位，此时电机处于堵转状态，而电机堵转电流为230mA，实际开盖所需要的电能＝70mA×0.5秒÷3600＝0.0097mAh，堵转状态浪费的电能＝230mA×0.5秒÷3600＝0.0319mAh。也就是说，在电池容量充足的情况下，桶盖动作浪费的电能是实际需要的电能的3倍左右。目前也有采用光电传感器或霍尔传感器来判断桶盖开关到位的方法，但电路复杂，成本也比较高，无法广泛应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于根据现有技术的不足之处而提供一种结构简单、成本低、能够提高电池利用率的电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置。
本发明的目的是通过以下途径来实现的：
一种电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置，包括有开盖信号触发电路、电机正反转驱动电路和微电脑控制单元，开盖信号触发电路通过微电脑控制单元与电机正反转驱动电路的控制端连接，其要点在于，还包括有堵转电流设定寄存器、取样电阻以及依序连接的模数转换器、模数转换结果寄存器和比较单元，比较单元的基准端与堵转电流设定寄存器连接，比较单元的输出端与微电脑控制单元连接；
取样电阻一端与电机正反转驱动电路连接，另一端连接到直流电源，取样电阻与电机正反转驱动电路的连接点为取样输出端，该取样输出端输出电机驱动运行的实时电流模拟值，取样输出端连接模数转换器，由模数转换器将实时电流模拟值转换成数字量的实时电流值后存储到模数转换结果寄存器中；堵转电流设定寄存器中存储有设定的基准电流值，该基准电流值小于电机的实际堵转电流值，比较单元将模数转换结果寄存器中的实时电流值与堵转电流设定寄存器中存储的基准电流值进行对比，当实时电流值大于基准电流值时，比较单元输出触发指令给微电脑控制单元，微电脑控制单元通过控制电机正反转驱动电路停止对电机进行供电。
在电机通电状态下，流过电机的电流也同时流过取样电阻，所以取样电阻两端的电压反应了电机的当前电流值，将该电压进行模数转换后变成数字量以作为实时量便于进行判断其电流大小。当模数转换结果寄存器的值小于堵转电流设定寄存器的值时，驱动桶盖动作的电机保持原有通电状态，当模数转换结果寄存器的值大于堵转电流设定寄存器的值时，便停止对电机的供电。由于电机堵转时，产生的冲击峰值电流将瞬间直接到达实际堵转电流值，很容易超过设定的电流值，因此一旦发生堵转便可迅速停止对电机供电，从而大幅度降低了电子垃圾桶动作时的耗电，提高电池使用寿命；另外本发明采用简单的取样、比较控制方式实现了间接反馈桶盖动作开关到位状态，无需行程传感器，结构简单、成本低廉、可靠性强。
本发明进一步具体为：
所述模数转换器、模数转换结果寄存器、堵转电流设定寄存器、比较单元和微电脑控制单元集成在同一芯片中。
或者外设模数转换芯片与微电脑控制单元连接，而模数转换结果寄存器、堵转电流设定寄存器、比较单元的功能则由微电脑控制单元实现。
还包括有RC滤波器，所述取样输出端通过该RC滤波器连接到模数转换器。
由于取样电阻的电阻值在0.1Ω～1Ω之间，取样电阻的取值要求比较小，电机电流流过取样电阻所产生的电压降就比较小，对电机电路的效率影响也就比较小。为了获取更为稳定的取样值，取样电阻两端的电压通过RC滤波后可以实现该目的。
在电机正反转驱动电路运行期间，微电脑控制单元控制比较单元每隔设定时间对实时电流值和基准电流值进行比较。
桶盖开启最短时间为所述的设定时间整倍数，例如桶盖在电池满容量情况下不堵转的开启时间为500ms，那么设定的时间可以是50ms或者是25ms，这样，即便发送电机堵转情况，那么堵转时间也不会超过上述设定的时间，进一步大幅度减少电机堵转时间，节省了电子垃圾桶动作时的耗电。
综上所述，本发明提供了一种电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置，采用简单的取样、比较控制方式实现了间接反馈桶盖动作开关到位状态，一旦发生堵转便可迅速停止对电机供电，从而大幅度降低了电子垃圾桶动作时的耗电，提高电池使用寿命；无需行程传感器，结构简单、成本低廉、可靠性强。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置的电路结构示意图。
图2为本发明所述的电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置的工作流程示意图。
图3为本发明所述的电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置的工作流程中堵转测试子程序的流程示意图。
附图标记具体为：1-开盖信号触发电路、2-微电脑控制单元、21-模数转换器、22-模数转换结果寄存器、23-比较单元、24-堵转电流设定寄存器、3-电机正反转驱动电路、4-取样电阻、5-电机、6-减速器、7-桶盖、8-RC滤波器、P1～P6-微电脑控制单元端口、R1～R6-电阻、C1-电容、Q1～Q4-三极管。
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
具体实施方式
最佳实施例：
参照附图1，一种电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置，包括开盖信号触发电路1、电机正反转驱动电路3(内含电机5)、取样电阻4、模数转换器21、模数转换结果寄存器22、堵转电流设定寄存器24、比较单元23和RC滤波器8。开盖信号触发电路1需要开盖时在P6口产生一个开盖信号传送给微电脑控制单元2，电机正反转驱动电路3由电机5、三极管Q1～Q4 和电阻R1～R4构成，电机5通电后，电机5带动减速器6转动，减速器6带动桶盖7动作；取样电阻4由电阻R5构成；RC滤波8器由电阻R6和电容C1构成。
所述的取样电阻4与电机正反转驱动电路3串联后连接到直流电源正负极的两端，具体为取样电阻4的一端接电源负极，另一端和电机正反转驱动电路3连接，与电机正反转驱动电路3连接的点为取样输出端，其通过RC滤波器8与模数转换器的输入端P5口连接。在电机正反转驱动电路3控制电机5通电状态下，流过电机5的电流也同时流过取样电阻4，所以取样电阻4两端的电压反应了电机5的当前电流值，将该电压进行模数转换后变成数字量以便于用来判断其电流大小。
模数转换器21对P5口的电压进行模数转换，转换后的数据存入模数转换结果寄存器22，比较单元23将该取样的值与堵转电流设定寄存器24中设定的值进行比较，当模数转换结果寄存器22的值小于堵转电流设定寄存器24的值时，驱动桶盖7动作的电机5保持通电状态；当模数转换结果寄存器22的值大于堵转电流设定寄存器24的值时，微电脑控制单元2就控制电机正反转驱动电路3停止对电机5的供电。
对于堵转电流设定寄存器24的值要设计的比实际电路堵转电流要小一些，比桶盖在动作时电机电流要大，例如12升感应垃圾桶电路实测电机堵转电流为230mA，桶盖在动作时电机电流为70mA，堵转电流设定寄存器24的值可以设定在200mA。对于没有模数转换的微电脑控制单元，可以单独外接一片模数转换芯片，本实施例将模数转换器21、模数转换结果寄存器22、堵转电流设定寄存器24、比较单元23和微电脑控制单元2均集成在一个微电脑控制芯片内，电路更为简洁可靠。
由此取样电阻4可以与微电脑控制单元2的模拟输入口P5直接连接，本实施方式通过RC滤波器8与微电脑控制芯片模数转换输入端P5连接，取样电阻4两端的电压通过RC滤波后更稳定，电机正反转驱动电路3的另一端与电源正极连接，取样电阻4的电阻取值为0.5Ω，电机5转动电流为70mA时，取样电阻4两端的电压降＝0.07A×0.5Ω＝0.035V；电机5堵转电流为230mA时，取样电阻4两端的电压降＝0.23A×0.5Ω＝0.115V，如直流电源为3V，取样电阻4对电机电路的效率影响甚小。
本发明所述电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置的工作流程参照附图2和附图3，具体如下：
S01步骤：判断微电脑控制芯片的输入口P6是否收到开盖触发信号，如果没有收到信号继续执行S01步骤；如果收到信号执行S02步骤。
S02步骤：置微电脑控制芯片的输出端口P1＝P4＝0(低电平)；P2＝P3＝1(高电平)， 三极管Q1和Q3导通；Q2和Q4截止，电机正向得电，启动桶盖开启，执行S03步骤。
S03步骤：置寄存器R20＝40，执行S04步骤。
S04步骤：延时25ms后执行S05步骤。
S05步骤：调用堵转电流测试子程序，返回后执行S06步骤。
S06步骤：判断寄存器R21是否为0，如果R21＝0(说明桶盖7没有开盖到位，电机5没有产生堵转)执行S07步骤；如果R21≠0(说明桶盖7已经开盖到位，电机5产生堵转)执行S08步骤。
S07步骤：寄存器R20减1后是否为0，如果不为0(说明开盖动作时间没有超过1S)，程序返回执行S04步骤；如果为0(说明开盖动作时间超过1S)，程序执行S08步骤。
S08步骤：置微电脑控制芯片的输出端口P1＝P2＝1(高电平)；P3＝P4＝0(低电平)，三极管Q1、Q3、Q2和Q4截止，电机失电停转，桶盖处于打开状态，程序执行S09步骤。
S09步骤：程序延时3秒(桶盖处于打开状态3秒时间，扔垃圾的时间)后执行S10步骤。
S10步骤：置微电脑控制芯片的输出端口P1＝P4＝1(高电平)；P2＝P3＝0(低电平)，三极管Q1和Q3截止；Q2和Q4导通，电机反向得电，启动桶盖关闭后执行S11步骤。
S11步骤：置寄存器R20＝40后执行S12步骤。
S12步骤：延时25ms后执行S13步骤。
S13步骤：调用堵转电流测试子程序，返回后执行S14步骤。
S14步骤：判断寄存器R21是否为0，如果R21＝0(说明桶盖7没有关盖到位，电机5没有产生堵转)执行S15步骤；如果R21≠0(说明桶盖7已经关盖到位，电机5产生堵转)执行S16步骤。
S15步骤：寄存器R20减1后是否为0，如果不为0(说明关盖动作时间没有超过1S)，程序返回执行S12步骤；如果为0(说明关盖动作时间超过1S)，程序执行S16步骤。
S16步骤：置微电脑控制芯片的输出端口P1＝P2＝1(高电平)；P3＝P4＝0(低电平)，三极管Q1、Q3、Q2和Q4截止，电机停止转动，桶盖处于关闭状态，程序返回执行S01步骤，为下一次扔垃圾做准备。
堵转电流测试子程序从步骤S17开始执行，执行子程序的各步骤内容如下所述：S17步骤：由微电脑控制单元2给模数转换器21一个启动信号，模数转换器21对模拟端口 P5当前的电压进行模数转换，转换结束后执行S18步骤。
S18步骤：将模数转换结果的数据存入模数转换结果寄存器22中，程序执行S19步骤。
S19步骤：将模数转换结果寄存器22的值与堵转电流设定寄存器24的值在比较程序23中进行大小比较：如果模数转换结果寄存器22的值小于堵转电流设定寄存器24的值时，执行S20步骤；如果模数转换结果寄存器22的值大于堵转电流设定寄存器24的值时，执行S21步骤。
S20步骤：置寄存器R21＝0后执行S22步骤。
S21步骤：置寄存器R21＝1后执行S22步骤。
S22步骤：返回主程序。
微电脑控制单元2中设置有堵转电流测试子程序，在电子垃圾桶执行桶盖开关动作程序时，每隔25ms调用一次堵转电流测试子程序。即使桶盖开关到位，其电机5堵转的时间也不会超过25ms左右，大幅度减少了电机5堵转时间(未采用本专利技术时电机5堵转的时间为500ms)，所以本发明所述的电子垃圾桶在电池容量较为充足时，动作时的耗电比现有技术要小3.5倍左右。
本发明实施例所述电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置工作原理叙述如下：当微电脑控制芯片的输入口P6收到开盖触发信号后，程序执行S02步骤，在S02步骤中，微电脑控制芯片置输出端口P1、P4为低电平，P2、P3为高电平，电机正反转驱动电路3中的三极管Q1和Q3导通；Q2和Q4截止，电机5施加正向电压后开始正向转动。程序执行S03步骤，置微电脑控制单元2内部的一个数据寄存器R20＝40，程序执行S04步骤延时25ms，执行S05步骤调用堵转电流测试子程序。在堵转电流测试子程序中，将模数转换结果寄存器22的值与堵转电流设定寄存器24的值在比较程序23中进行大小比较：如果模数转换结果寄存器22的值小于堵转电流设定寄存器24的值时，置微电脑控制单元2内部的一个数据寄存器R21＝0；如果模数转换结果寄存器22的值大于堵转电流设定寄存器24的值时置R21＝1。然后返回主程序执行S06步骤对R21是否为0进行一个判断，如果不为0说明电机产生堵转现象(桶盖已经开盖到位)，程序跳转到S08步骤停止对电机的供电；如果为0说明电机没有产生堵转现象(桶盖还没开盖到位)，程序执行S07步骤对寄存器R20减1，再判断寄存器R20是否为0，如果不为0说明设定1秒的动作时间还没到，程序返回S04步骤；如果为0说明设定1秒的动作时间已经到，程序执行S08步骤置微电脑控制芯片的输出端口P1、P2为高电平；P3、P4为低电平，三极管Q1、Q3、Q2和Q4截止，电机失电停止转动，执 行S09步骤桶盖处于打开状态3秒时间。从上述S02～S08步骤可以实现，当电机5有发生堵转现象时在25ms左右就停止对电机的供电；当电机5没有发生堵转现象时在1秒后也停止对电机的供电。
本发明未述部分与现有技术相同。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置，包括有开盖信号触发电路、电机正反转驱动电路和微电脑控制单元，开盖信号触发电路通过微电脑控制单元与电机正反转驱动电路的控制端连接，其特征在于，还包括有堵转电流设定寄存器、取样电阻以及依序连接的模数转换器、模数转换结果寄存器和比较单元，比较单元的基准端与堵转电流设定寄存器连接，比较单元的输出端与微电脑控制单元连接；
    取样电阻一端与电机正反转驱动电路连接，另一端连接到直流电源，取样电阻与电机正反转驱动电路的连接点为取样输出端，该取样输出端输出电机驱动运行的实时电流模拟值，取样输出端连接模数转换器，由模数转换器将实时电流模拟值转换成数字量的实时电流值后存储到模数转换结果寄存器中；堵转电流设定寄存器中存储有设定的基准电流值，该基准电流值小于电机的实际堵转电流值，比较单元将模数转换结果寄存器中的实时电流值与堵转电流设定寄存器中存储的基准电流值进行对比，当实时电流值大于基准电流值时，比较单元输出触发指令给微电脑控制单元，微电脑控制单元通过控制电机正反转驱动电路停止对电机进行供电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置，其特征在于，所述模数转换器、模数转换结果寄存器、堵转电流设定寄存器、比较单元和微电脑控制单元集成在同一芯片中。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置，其特征在于，还包括有RC滤波器，所述取样输出端通过该RC滤波器连接到模数转换器。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电子垃圾桶动作省电控制装置，其特征在于，在电机正反转驱动电路运行期间，微电脑控制单元控制比较单元每隔设定时间对实时电流值和基准电流值进行比较。
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